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V
PEOMPTOEIUM PAEVULOEUM
SIVE CLEEICOEUM,
DICTIONABJUS ANGLO-LATINUS PRINCEPS,
AUCTORE
FRATRE GALFRIDO GRAMMATICO DICTO,
EX OBDINE FRATRUM PREDICATORUM, NORTHFOLCIENSI,
CIRCA A.D. M.CCCC.XL.
OLIM EX OFFICINA PYNSONIANA EDITUM, NUNC AB INTEGRO,
COMMENTARIOLIS 8UBJECTIS, AD FIDEM CODICUM RECENSUIT
ALBEETUS WAY, A.M.
LONDINI:
BUMPTIBUS SOCIETATIS CAMDENENSIS.
M.DCCC.LXV.
WESTMINSTER :
PRINTED BY JOHN BOWYER NICHOLS AND SONS,
25, PARLIAMENT STREET.
cq
[NO. LXXXIX.]
COUNCIL OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY
FOR THE YEAR 1864-65.
President,
THE MOST HON. THE MARQUESS CAMDEN, K.G.
ARTHUR ASHPITEL, ESQ. F.S.A.
WILLIAM HENRY BLAAUW, ESQ. M.A., F.S.A. Treasurer.
JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. F.S.A. Director.
WILLIAM CHAPPELL, ESQ. F.S.A.
WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A.
JAMES CROSBY, ESQ. F.S.A.
THE RIGHT HON. T. H. S. SOTHERON ESTCOURT, M.P., F.S.A.
JOHN FORSTER, ESQ. LL.D.
THE REV. LAMBERT B. LARKING, M.A.
JOHN MACLEAN, ESQ. F.S.A.
FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. Treas.S.A.
EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ. M.P., M.A., F.S.A.
WILLIAM JOHN THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A. Secretary.
WILLIAM TITE, ESQ. M.P. F.R.S., V.P.S.A.
HIS EXCELLENCY M. VAN DE WEYER,D.C.L., Hon. F.S.A.
Till ADVERTISEMENT.
the kind, he hopes that the inconvenience will be ulti-
mately remedied by means of an orthographic Index,
which it is proposed to supply, wherein the reference to
words disguised by the most obsolete and uncouth spel-
ling may be effectually facilitated. The contractions
have throughout been printed at length with the excep-
tion of the final m and n : these have been left in cases
where any question might arise as to their power. The
chief difficulty in this respect has occurred in regard to
the verbs, and, although the Editor has little doubt that
the termination -nne was here intended by the contraction
n, yet the irregularities of the spelling, and indications of
contraction, that occur in the MS., in this instance, have
induced him to leave these, and all questionable cases, to
the decision of those whom they may interest. In a
few instances where the contraction has appeared to be
redundant, or erroneous, it has been printed as it stands
in the MS., so that it may be rejected or retained, at the
option of the reader. A prolongation of the last stroke
of the m or n, which occasionally, as it is believed,
denotes the mute final e, has been indicated in the
following manner, m', n'. It must also be noticed,
that y is to be sought in the place of i ; that sh is in-
variably written sch ; and that ]?, which is occasionally,
by inadvertence of the scribe, written th, takes the pen-
ultimate place, usually assigned to it in the Anglo-Saxon
alphabet. The letter 3 is found in the place of z, at the
ADVERTISEMENT. IX
close of the alphabetical arrangement ; as, however, its
various and undefined powers would have been insuf-
ficiently represented by that letter, the Saxon character
has been retained, with the exception only of a very
small number of words, in which, the letter having evi-
dently the simple and ordinary power of z, that character
has been employed.
In the selection of illustrative materials, the Editor has
sought to keep equally in view the curious character of
the work, as affording definite evidence of archaic usages,
and its philological importance. He has thought it also
more desirable to establish by contemporary evidence the
existence of an obsolete word, or show the immediate
source whence it was introduced into the language, than
to enter upon etymological speculations.
The Author excuses himself for the dialectical pecu-
liarities of his work, written in conformity with the lan-
guage of Norfolk, with which alone he was acquainted ;
a comparison, therefore, with the existing dialect of East
Anglia appeared to be desirable, and it has been carried out
as far as it was practicable. Of numerous contemporary or
ancient authorities, whence illustrations have been largely
drawn, several MSS. of the Latin-English Dictionary, en-
titled Medulla Grammatices, compiled, according to Bale,
by the same author as the Promptorium,have been chiefly
consulted, as likewise the same work in its printed form,
under the title of the Ortus Vocabulorum. Of the
Medulla Grammatices, or Grammatice, the MSS. which
X ADVERTISEMENT.
may especially be cited are, among several in the Harleian
Collection, those marked 2257 and 2270 ; two valuable
MSS. in the collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart.
8244 and 8306 (MSS. Heber 1020 and 1360) ; and the
MS. in the Chapter Library at Canterbury, which is the
more remarkable on account of the large number of cor-
responding Anglo-Saxon words which have been added
in the margin, as it is supposed, by the hand of Somner.
A copy is also preserved in the Pepysian Library at Cam-
bridge, erroneously described as an English and Latin,
instead of a Latin-English Dictionary, and another in the
Library at Holkham. The most ancient MS. hitherto
noticed is in the possession of the Editor ; and it must be
observed that, although the work is substantially the
same, the variations of the text in all these copies are
found to be very great, and deserve careful comparison.
A highly valuableMS., dated 1483, consistingof anEnglish
and Latin Dictionary, wholly distinct from the Prompto-
rium, and written apparently in the North -Eastern parts
of England, is cited as the Catholicon Anglicum. For
free use of this important source of illustration the Editor
is indebted to the kindness of its late lamented possessor,
the Right Hon. Lord Monson. The curious work of
John Palsgrave, entitled " Eclaircissement de la langue
Frangoyse," 1530, the quaint sentences of Herman's Yul-
garia, 1519, and various other early printed authorities of
equal rarity, have been made available to the utmost of
the Editor's ability. But much has been inevitably left
ADVERTISEMENT. XI
without any explanatory comment; and the Editor is
apprehensive that the elucidations which he has been
enabled to offer will too frequently be found insufficient
or defective. In a work that has demanded much minute
research and detailed reference, numerous errors must,
with the utmost care, have occurred ; and he will thank-
fully appreciate any corrections or suggestions with which
those who are interested in such researches may favour
him. Considerable inconvenience has arisen from the
impossibility of gaining access to treatises from which the
Latin words in the Promptoriuni were derived. The
author cited as " Mirivalensis, in Campo florum," is
unknown, and all researches in order to discover that
work, which supplied many of the most curious and
obscure terms, have hitherto been fruitless. No MS. of
the Derivationes Ugucionis has yet been found which
answers to the description here given, " Ugucio versifi-
catus ;" and the " Commentarius curialium " is likewise
still a desideratum. On these points of difficulty the
Editor, in behalf of his endeavour to offer in the present
work some contribution towards the archaic lexicography
of the English language, would solicit the aid of those
who are more conversant than himself with early MS.
literature.
131, Piccadilly,
July 29, 1843.
PEEFACE.
ON the completion of a long-promised contribution to English lexicography
some introductory notices seem indispensable, as an accompaniment to one
of the most valuable linguistic monuments of its class to be found in any
European country. Whether we regard the Promptorium Parvulorum a
as an authentic record of the English language in the earlier half of the
fifteenth century, as illustrative of the provincial dialects of East Anglia,
or as explanatory of the numerous archaisms of a debased Latinity that
pervades early chronicles and documents, its value can scarcely be too
highly estimated. If, on the other hand, we take into consideration the
curious evidence which it supplies to those who investigate the arts and
manners of bygone times, it were difficult to point out any relic of learning
at the period equally full of instruction, and of those suggestive details
which claim the attention of students of mediasval literature and antiquities
in the varied departments of archaeological research.
These considerations, not less than the great scarcity of the work,
whether we enumerate the MSS. hereafter described, or the few and often
mutilated copies of editions by the fathers of English typography, Pynsoti,
Julian Notary, and Wynkyn de Worde, preserved to our days, were induce-
a In the MS. at King's College, Cambridge, the work is entitled, in the prologue,
" Promptorius Parvulorum;" in Pynson's edition "Promptorius Puerorum;" and in
that by Wynkyn de Worde " Promptuarium Parvulorum Clericorum." The last title
is doubtless most correct. Promptuarium in classical latinity signifies a store-room or
repository; in mediaeval times it denoted the department in a conventual or collegiate
establishment or the like, whence stores were dispensed, which in a monastery was
under the charge of the Cellarer. The author gives " Boterye; celarium, promptuarium;"
p. 45; " Celer; promptuarium; Celerere of the howse; cellerarius, promptuarius;" p. 65;
'* Spence, botery or celere; cellarium, promptuarium;" p. 468. As illustrations of the
use of the term by mediaeval writers, I may mention the " Promptuarium argumentorum
dialogice ordinatorum," Colon. 1496, "Promptuarium exemplorum," appended to the
" Sermones de Sanctis" printed by Julian Notary in 1510," Joh. Herolt Promptuarium,"
Nuremb. 1520, and "Jo. Piniciani Promptuarium Vocabulorum ; " Aug. Vind. 1516.
The title, it may be observed, was adopted for a Latin-French and French-Latin vocabu-
lary, "Promptuarium Latinae Linguae," printed at Antwerp by Plantin, 1564; and the
well-known series of medallion portraits first published at Lyons in 1553 is entitled
" Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum."
CAMD. SOC. C
xiv PREFACE.
ments to undertake a task which has now, after many unforeseen impedi-
ments, been brought to completion. I will not, however, consume time in
seeking to propitiate those whose indulgence I might hope to win, for
shortcomings and imperfections which no one perhaps can more truly esti-
mate or regret than myself. The student of early literature who has
engaged in the minute toils which such an undertaking demands, or in
the wearisome labor of collation, may be willing perhaps to regard with
leniency deficiencies and even inaccuracies into which the editor may have
been betrayed in the course of his work.
The special subjects to which I have limited my observations in the
following preliminary notices may be thus stated: —
I. The author of the Promptorium, with such traces as may be found
of his history or of his literary labors.
II. The sources from which his Latinity was derived.
III. The^MSS. of the work, and also the printed editions which have been
available in the preparation of this volume.
I. We are enabled to ascertain with certainty, from the author's own
statement given in the Harleian MS. at the close of his Preambulum, that the
Promptorium was compiled by a Dominican Friar of Lynn Episcopi, Nor-
folk, A.D. 1440.a This monastery of Black Friars or Friars-Preachers
stood in the eastern part of the town. Few traces of it are now to be seen.
It is believed that this house existed in the reign of Edward I., and was
founded by Thomas Gedney.b An anchorage is stated to have belonged
to it,c and herein possibly the author, who describes himself as " fratrem
a See p. 3, infra.
b Dugdale, Mon. Angl. vol. vi. p. 1487; Taylor's Index Monast. p. 37; BlomeHeld's
Norfolk, vol. viii. p. 527.
c There was a chapel of St. Catherine in the conventual church, and with this chapel
probably the above-mentioned anchorage was connected. Henry le Despencer, Bishop
of Norwich, wrote a letter to the mayor and burgesses of Lynn, 5 Rich. II. desiring
that they would grant their part of the house of St. Catherine to John Consolif, a servant
of Lord le Despencer, the bishop's brother, there to live a solitary life upon the alms
of the good people ; the other part of the house, belonging to the Archdeacon of Norwich,
having been before granted to the said John Consolyf. Blomefield, ut supra, p. 513.
There was a remarkable hermitage at Lynn, in a cave on the sea-shore, in the bishop's
marsh, at a spot called " Lenne Crouch," where, as appears by a document dated 1349,
a lofty cross, 110 feet in height, had been erected for the benefit of seafaring men. But
hermits and recluses were essentially different.
PREFACE. XV
predicatorem reclusum Leime Episcopi," had sought a retreat from more
active duties to devote his leisure to the task which he had undertaken.
If the library of his own house could not supply him with the works
necessary for his literary purpose, doubtless they could have been easily
obtained from those of other houses belonging to the Order.
There is no reason to suppose that the word reclusus is here used in
any other than its strict sense of an " ankyr," one who was shut up in a
building specially appropriated to the purpose, and with a solemn service,
by episcopal sanction; after which he could not leave his cell except in
case of necessity or with the permission of the bishop.a The expression in
the preface, " Lenne sub regula paupertatis astrictus," probably refers to
the vows taken on the occasion of his becoming a Dominican friar. The
author has himself explained the word u ankyr " by " recluse," and ren-
dered it anachorita (p. 12). An instance of a friar being a recluse (inclusus)
at Pagham in Sussex is mentioned in the will of St. Richard, Bishop of
Chichester;b and we read of an anchoress within the nunnery of Clemen-
thorpe, near York, in 1475.c
The author was, as we learn from his own words, bred, if not born, in
Norfolk: " comitatus Northfolchie modum loquendi solum sum secutus,
quern solum ab infancia didici, et solotenus plenius perfectiusque cognovi."
It may deserve observation that the peculiarities of the local dialect of
the county should have been thus distinctly noticed at this period. We
are, however, informed that, at an earlier time, Samson de Botington,
abbot of St. Edmundsbury 1182 — 1211, was accustomed to discourse
to the people in the vernacular of Norfolk, the county in which he was
born and bred, and that he had a pulpit for the purpose in the conventual
church.d
There has hitherto been some uncertainty in regard to the name of the
a Hearne has given a note, hereafter mentioned, in which the compiler of the work
is stated to have been " frater Ricardus Fraunces, inter quatuor parietes pro Christo
inclusus." Ames has inserted a note by a Mr. Lewis, who was led to the conclusion that
he had actually been starved to death between four walls; but Herbert observes that
the phrase means no more than that he was confined or imprisoned; to which Dibdin
adds '* most probably a voluntary recluse or monk." Typ. Ant. vol. ii. p. 418.
b Sussex Archseol. Coll. vol. i. p. 174. c Madox, Form. Angl. p. 437.
d Reyner, Apost. Benedict, in Anglia, App. p. 143.
xvi PREFACE.
compiler of the Promptorium. In the Glossary to Hearne's edition of
Langtoft's Chronicle, under the word "Nesshe," the following statement
appears : " Maken nesshe is interpreted mollifico and molleo (so 'tis ex-
pressed for mollio,) in the Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum (call'd
also Medulla Grammaticse), a very scarce folio book printed by Eichard
Pynson in the year 1499, being the 14th year of the reign of King Henry
VII. at which time it was look'd upon as a work of great use and excel-
lency, as may appear from this printed note at the end. ^ Ad laudem et
ad honorem," &c. (as given in the account of Pynson's edition, p. xlii. infra.)
" The author was a preaching or black Fryer, and follow'd the dialect
of the East parts of England, to which he had been used from his infancy,
as he tells us in his Prologue. His name was Richard Frauncis, as I find
by this note written in an old hand at the beginning of a copy of this book
that was lent me by Mr. Ward of Longbridge, viz. ^[ Nomen Compilato-
ris istius libri est Frater Ricardus Fraunces, inter quatuor parietes pro
Christo inclusus."a Against this statement, however, which is at most
the anonymous note or tradition of some previous possessor of the book,
may be cited, first, an entry of equal authority in a copy of the same
edition by Pynson in the public library at Cambridge — " Autor hujus
operis fuit Galfredus Grammaticus dictus, frater Ordinis S. Dominici."
To this friar we find the authorship ascribed by the learned Bale, Bishop of
Ossory, himself an East- Anglian, not indeed under the title of the Prompto-
rium, but as the Medulla Grammatices, distinctly identified however by
the incipial words of the Preambulum as the work more commonly known
by the name first mentioned. Bale, whose Catalogue of the writers of
Great Britain was published at Basle in 1557,b writes also thus with his
accustomed critical asperity:—" Galfridus Grammaticus, ad scholas semper
a puero nutritus, sub corruptis, obscuris, ac barbaris prseceptoribus,prima
ejus artis rudimenta edoctus, corruptior ipse aliorum tandem magister
evasit. Sibi ipsi nihilominus, non aliter quam olim arrogans ille Palsemon,
adfectus, multa tribuebat, tanquam essent cum eo nato simul et bonae
literae, et bene dicendi artes obortse, atque cum eo demum moriente et illae
simul essent interiturae. Ciceronem, Salustium, Servium, Plinium, Var-
ronem, Vergilium, Horatium, Quintilianum, et alios bonos authores in
a Peter Langtoft's Chronicle, edit. Hearne, vol. ii. p. 624.
h In the first edition, printed at Ipswich, 1548, the notice of Galfridus varies only in a
few particulars from that above cited.
PREFACE. XVll
lecturis ille contempsit; et pro illis ad Latinae lingua? perniciem, ac bono-
rum ingeniorum nauseam, sordes ac feces horribiles ex suo Alexandro,a
Garlandio, Genuensi,h et similibus, Grammatista protulit. Deditque suis
auditoribus opuscula quse sequuntur, Latinis characteribus exarata,
In doctrinale Alexandri, lib. 3.
In Joannis Garlandi Synonyma, lib. 1. Cum omnis divisio libri sit penes. ,c
In ^quivoca ejusdem, lib. 1. In superiore libro traclavi de^
Expositiones hymnorum,6 lib. 1. Iste liber dicitur liber hymnorum.
Hortum vocabulorum, lib. 1. Ut enim multos (nostrce prce.
Medullam Gramrnatices, lib. 1. Cernentibus solicite clericorum.
Prasceptiones pueriles, lib. 1.
Et ejusfarince alia. Praadicta opuscula omnia vidi, Parisiis atque Lon-
dini impressa. Sunt qui in suis scriptis Dominicanum hunc fuisse tes-
tentur, et claruisse anno a sacratissimo divas virginis partu 1490, Hen-
rico 7 regnante."f
a Alexander Neccham.
b Johannes Balbi Januensis, author of the Catholicon.
c The Synonyma were printed by Pynson in 1496, 1500, and 1509, " cum expositione
magistri Galfridi Anglici," namely, the author of the Promptorium here mentioned;
also printed by W. de Worde, 1500, 1505, 1510, 1514, 1517, 1518. The first edition,
by Pynson, is in the Bodleian (Auctarium, Q. 2, 5, 9); the expositio is in Latin, with
a few English words; for instance, " perichelides, Anglice a bee " (A. Sax. Beag, be^h,
corona, armilla). The words are arranged alphabetically by order of subjects, e. g.
" Ocillum die os minimum funis quoque ludum, qui se de more portant per inane
puella :" thus expounded by the grammarian Galfridus, " et dictum est ocillum quia
in ora moveantur hue et illuc, Vel quia ora astantium ad risum moveant, vel quia solebant
impelli in ora transeuntium, et iste vocatur Anglice (a totre or a rydyng rope,)" namely,
a swing for children. See Dibdin, Typ. Antiq., vol. ii., pp. 97, 612 ; and p. Ixviii. infra.
d The Multorum Verborum Equivocorum Interpretatio was printed by W. de Worde,
1409, 1506, 1514, and by Pynson, 1514. 'See Dibdin, Typ. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 96,
406, 548 ; and p. Ixviii. infra.
e Tanner (Bibl. Brit. p. 305) refers to a MS. of this work in the library at Lincoln
Cathedral, unfortunately not included among the cathedral libraries of which the MSS.
are enumerated in Catal. MSS. Angliae. I am indebted to the Rev. G. F. Apthorp,
Senior Vicar of Lincoln Cathedral, for information that there is a MS. of the Medulla
Grammatice, the Latin-English dictionary above cited among the works of Galfridus
Grammaticus, and that the volume contains a "Liber Hymnorum," stated to be by the
same author as the dictionary. The shelf-mark of the MS. was formerly H. 35; in the
present arrangement it is A. 3, 15.
f Baleus, Script, majoris Brytannie Catalogus, p. 631.
xviii PREFACE.
Pits,a always a keen opponent of the bitter censures of Bale, gives the
following commend; ition of our author, whilst he concurs in ascribing to
him the compilation of the Promptorium, which, however, he likewise
designates by the title of Medulla : —
" Galfridus Grammaticus in orientalibus Anglise partibus natus, ordinis
S. Dominici Monachus, ut mecum multi sentiunt. Vir bonus et simplex,
atque ita rebus Grammaticis impense deditus, ut inde cognomen assump-
serit, et in iis discendis atque docendis omnem pene suam setatem consump-
serit. In quo genere non illaudata reliquit posteris documenta, qua? et
Parisiis et Londini fuerunt aliquando typis mandata. Scripsit autem haec.
" Prseceptiones Pueriles, librum unum. Hortum vocabulorum, librum
unum. Ut etenim multos nostrce prce .... Medullam Grammatices librum
unum. Cernentibus solicite clericorum .... In Poetria nova, librum unum.
MS. Oxonii in Coll. Balliolensi.b Et alia. Claruit anno postquam peperit
Virgo 1490." The list includes also the works on the writings of Neccham,
John de Garlandia, &c. enumerated by Bale, as above cited.
Bishop Tanner, in his Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, follows the
statements of Bale and Pits, repeating the list of the writings of Galfridus
Grammaticus, " annon potius Starkey"? as the Bishop remarks. Among
these he noticed that the Hortus Vocabulorum was a Latin-English Dic-
tionary, adding to Bale's brief account part of the title more fully given in
the printed work as hereafter described. He proceeds to notice as follows
Geoffrey's English-Latin Dictionary, the MS. of which, now in the Harleian
collection, No. 221, the learned prelate appears to have examined in Sir
Simonds d'Ewes' library: —
" Medullam Grammatices, sive Promptuarium parvulorum sive clerico-
rum, lib. i, (Ita incipit Dictionarium Anglo-Latinum intitulat. Promp-
tuarium parvulorum sive clericorum, collectum per fratrem prsedicatorem
reclusum Lenn. Episc. A.D. 1440; MS. in bibl. D. Sim. d'Ewes, Bar. 4to.)
a Jo. Pitsei, de Rebus Anglicis, Catal. Scriptorum, &c. p. 679, under the year 1490.
b Bishop Tanner observes that this work was written by Galfridus Vinesauf. In the
listofMSS. at Durham, 1391, we find "Nova Poetria Galfridi Anglici qui vocatur
Papa Stupor mundi." Cat. Vet. Eccl. Dun., Surtees Soc. p. 11. Hence obviously this
work is erroneously assigned by Pits to Galfridus Grammaticus, who lived in the following
century. See also Cat. Vet. ut supra, p. 177 : Codd. Coll. S. Trin. Cant., Catal. MSS.
Angl. t. ii., p. 99, No. 446. Mr. Coxe, Catal. MSS. Oxon., Coll. Ball. nos. cclxiii.,
cclxxvi., ascribes the Carmen " De Poetria nova," dedicated to Innocent III., to Gal-
fridus dc Vino Salvo.
PREFACE. XIX
' Cernentibus solicite clericorum.' Lond. 1499, fol. MS. eccl. Lincoln.
H Quod sequuntur Nominale, Verbale, in cujus margine scribitur
Galfridus Starlcey ; quaere annon hoc sit cognomen Grammatici
Claruit A.D. 1490. Bale et Pits, locis citatis."a
The identity of the name Galfridus will, I think, scarcely dispose us to
accept the suggestion of the Bishop of St. Asaph as regards the marginal
scribbling which he noticed in this Lincoln MS. ; the name Stark ey, not
unknown in East Anglia, is more probably to be regarded as that of a
former possessor of the volume than that of the author. Whatever may have
been his pajtronymic, I think that we may confidently ascribe to the' Domi-
nican recluse of Lynn, Galfridus, designated, from his special studies in an
age of very debased learning, " Grammaticus," the laborious achievement
of the first English-Latin and Latin-English Dictionaries. No doubt can,
I think, be entertained of his identity with the expounder of the " Equi-
voca" and the " Synonyma " of John de Garlandia, who is entitled " Ma-
gister Galfridus Anglicus " in the editions of those popular treatises printed
by Pynson and W. de Wbrde.
The author describes with simple earnestness in his Preambulum the
troubles of aspiring scholars, who, amidst the prevalent barbarism of his
times, thirsted for knowledge like harts for the water-brooks, and in vain
sought for guides, so that like wild asses they fainted in sobbing and sighs ;
according to the lament of the prophet, the young children ask bread, and
no man breaketh it unto them ! He " drew up for their use," as expressed
by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, in his valuable Essays on early Lexicography,
" a slight compendium, * opus exile,' chiefly from the Catholicon, Campus
Florurn, and Diccionarium. The most ignorant calumniator of the middle
ages could not speak of the poor recluse (' sub regula paupertatis astric-
a Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 305. The description of the Lincoln MS. given by the learned
bishop would lead us to conclude that it was a copy of the Promptorium, namely, an
English-Latin Dictionary. It is probable that Tanner had formed such a supposition
from the circumstance that in the colophon of Pynson' s edition of the Promptorium that
work is entitled " Medulla Grammatice" (see p. 539, infra), properly the designation of
the Latin-English Dictionary compiled possibly by the same author. The MS. noticed by
Tanner is still in the library, as before stated (see p. xvii., note e); it is in fact a Latin-
English Dictionary; at the end is written " Explicit Medulla Grammatice." The volume
contains also a "Verbale," and the "Liber Hymnorum cum expositione Galfridi" men-
tioned by Tanner.
XXll PREFACE.
rium ; they vary in their contents in a remarkable degree ; it might indeed
seem that each transcriber made such modifications of the text as pleased
him, or that he engrafted upon it the additional words and explanatory
glosses which he found inserted by any previous hand. The text also
varies greatly from that of the Ortus printed by Wynkyn de Worde, a
work of considerable rarity, in the compilation of which materials were
undoubtedly derived largely from the Medulla, but with certain additions
from other sources, such as the Breviloquus, the Cornucopia, probably
the dictionary by Nicolas Perotti so entitled, and the Gemma Vocabulorum.
It is difficult to account for the great variations to be noticed in MSS. of
the Medulla and in the early Latin-English Dictionaries which I believe
to be substantially the same as that work. None of those known to me
can be assigned to an earlier date than the latter half of the fifteenth cen-
tury. As an illustration of this remarkable want of conformity, I may
offer the renderings of " Ciniflo" a remarkable word which will be found
in the Promptorium as the rendering of " Askysye " or askefise; p. 15,
infra* The principal variations which I have found are as follows : —
" Cinijb, a fyre blower, a yrene beter" (sic). (Harl. MS. 1,000.) "A
feyre blowere." (Harl. MS. 2181.) " A aske bathe, s. qui sedet in cine-
ribus, et calefactor ferri." (Harl. MS. 2,270.) "A fire blower, and a
heter of blode iren, or a axe wadelle." (Harl. MS, 2,257.) "An askfist
or iren heter." (Add. MS. 24,640.) " Askebawe, qui s. sedet in cineribus,
et calefactor ferri." (Canterbury MS.) "An aske fyse or irne eter,"
(MS. Coll. Phillipps, 8,244.) " A fyyre blowere, an yryn hetere, an
askefyce." (MS. ibid. No. 8,306.) " Qui flat in cinere, vel qui preparat
pulverem muliebrem, angl' aske fyste a fyre blawer or a yrne hotter."
enlarged by some other hand from the works above enumerated, before its issue from the
press of Wynkyn de Worde, in 1500.
• The reading in Harl. MS. 221 is Askysye or Askesyo, but possibly the word may
be more correctly Askefise; it was a term of reproach among the Northern nations
denoting an unwarlike fellow who stayed at home in the chimney-corner like a cat
among the ashes. See Ihre, Lexic. Suio-Goth. v. Aska, and the Saga of Rolf, how the
Askefis won the King's daughter to wife. A corresponding French word is given by
Hollyband, " Cendrier, he that keepeth the chimney-corner, a sluggard," rendered
likewise by Cotgrave " a sluggard, slowbacke, idlesbie, house dove, one that sits lurking
in the chimney corner.1' The word may be preserved, as I am informed, in the name of a
house in Lincolnshire, Askefye Hall, near Spalding, once the abode of Maurice Johnson,
but now usually written " Ayscough Fee Hall."
PREFACE. XX111
(Ortus, first edition, by W. de Worde, 1500.) « Qui flat in cinere vel qui
preparat pulverem muliebrem, Anglice a fyre blower, or an yren hoter."
(Ortus, edit. 1509.)
At the close of this Preface will be found a list of MSS. of the Medulla
Grammatice and of other Latin -English Dictionaries of the fifteenth cen-
tury, which probably may be classed therewith. An account of the
various editions of the Ortus Vocabulorum is there also given.
II. I proceed to offer some remarks on the sources from which the Latin
words in the Promptorium were derived, according to the list given by the
compiler. See p. 3, infra.
1. The first of the "auctores, ex quorum libris collecta sunt vocabula
hujus libelli," is the most ample and highly esteemed of medieval diction-
aries, the Catholiconoi Summa of Johannes de Janua,or Januensis,de Balbis.
It has been repeatedly printed, the earliest edition being the noble volume
produced at Mayence in 1460, which was followed by another at Venice
in 1487. According to Du Cange, the author, a native of Genoa in the
thirteenth century, combined the works of Papias and Uguitio, and repro-
duced a dictionary largely augmented, " ex multis diversis doctorum
texturis elaboratum atque contextum," as stated in a colophon from which
we learn that his labors were completed in the year 1286.a However
severely this great work and also the treatises by John de Garlandia and
other such writers are decried by Erasmus, in his lamentations regarding the
degraded character of rudimental education at the commencement of the
sixteenth century, the student of medieval antiquities or of the literature
of the period will find in the Catholicon an auxiliary rarely to be con-
sulted without advantage and instruction.
2. Uguitio, Ugutio, or Hugo, a native of Pisa, was Bishop of Ferrara
towards the close of the twelfth century. Ughelli supposes that he died
about 1212.b The Elementarium compiled about A.D. 1053 by Papias
appears to have supplied the groundwork of his dictionary, of which the
design is thus set forth in the preface: " Opus divina favente gratia com-
» Prsef. D. Du Cange in Glossar. med. et inf. Lat., s. 47; edit. Henschel, t. i. p. 29.
Fabrieius, Biblioth. med. et inf. Lat., t. i. p. 163; Oudin, t. iii. p. 579 ; Maittaire, Ann.
Typ., t. i. p. 271; Wurdtwein, Bibl. Mogunt., p. 66; Hallam, Lit. of Europe, I. c. 1, § 90.
b Fabrieius, Biblioth. med. et inf. Lat., t. iii. 304; edit. Patav. 1754. Du Cange,
pnef. s. 46; edit. Henschel, t. i. p. 28; Tiraboschi, Storia di Lett. Ital., lib. iii. c. 14.
XXIV PREFACE.
ponere statuimus, in quo, prse aliis, vocabulorum significationes, significa-
tionum distinctions . derivationum origines, etymologiarum assignationes,
et interpretationum reperientur expositiones, quorum ignorantia Latinitas
naturaliter indiga quadam doctorum pigritia non modicum coarctatur."
Numerous MSS. of the Vocdbularium of Uguitio exist, but it does not
appear that it was ever printed.8 It will be noticed that the compiler of
the Promptorium cites not only the work in majori volumine, but also one in
a metrical form designated Uguitio versificatus.b
3. Brito. — The treatise by William Brito, to which frequent refer-
ence is made by the compiler of the Promptorium, is probably his "Summa,
sive opusculum difficilium vocabulorum Biblie," an explanatory Glossary
of words occurring in Holy Writ, sometimes entitled " Lexicon sive Voca-
bularium Biblie," or, as described by Fabricius, " Vocabularius cum
vocabulorum Hebraicorum in Bibliis occurrentium interpretatione Latina.
Some account of this work may be found in Du Cange's Preface to his
Glossary, § 49, edit. Henschel, t. i. p. 30, and Bandinius, Codd. Lat. t. iv.
col. 213. The Summa is in prose, but it commences with some prefatory
verses ; —
Difficiles studeo partes, quas Biblia gestat,
Pandere; sed nequeo latebras nisi qui manifestat
Auxiliante Deo, &c.
a The following MSS. may be enumerated. In the Bodleian, Laud MS. 1334, 71,
" Huicii Pisani Dictionarium Latinum;" and MS. Bodleii, 2486, 9. " Huguitionis Pisani
Deri vationes magnge sive Dictionarium Etymologicum ;" Cat. MSS. Angl. t. i. pp. 70, 129:
" Hugonis, vel Hugutionis, episcopi Pisani derivationes magnse," &c., Lambeth MS. 80 :
*' Hugonis liber de significatione verborum, sive derivationes magnae, opus valde prolixum,"
ibid. No. 120. See also Arundel MSS. in Brit. Mus. 127, 508, and 515, the latter being an
abridgement. MSS. are also to be found in the Cathedral libraries at York and Durham ; at
Balliol College, Nos. 279, 298, and at Caius College, No. 459; Catal. by the Rev. J. J.
Smith. In Add. MS. 11611 may be found "Tabula per alphabetum condita a fratre
Lamberto de Pisis," an index of all words explained by Uguitio, with the indication
of the primary words under which they occur, facilitating the use of the work.
b Possibly to be found in the Lambeth Library, MS. No. 502, f. 15, " Regulse gram-
maticales versibus conclusse." In some instances reference is made in the Promptorium
both to the work "in majori volumine," and also in the versified form. It deserves notice,
that, where the latter is cited, the reference is rarely to the letter which is the initial of
the Latin word in question. Thus we find " Cleppyn or clenchyn; tinnio ; Ug. V. in S. —
Heere bonde; vitta; Ug. V. in C. — Mete yevare; dapaticus; Ug. V. in A. — Mychare; erro;
Ug. V. in P." &c.
PEEPACE. XXV
Brito was, according to Pits, a native of Wales of ancient British race,
a monk of the Franciscan order versed in the learning of his times, and
his writings were highly in esteem in foreign lands : he died at Grimsby
in 135 6.a It does not appear that the Summa has been printed. Another
treatise entitled Synonyma ascribed to Brito was, according to Fabricius,
printed at Paris in 1508. MSS. of the Summa are to be found in the
British Museum, Sloane MS. 3319 ; Add. MS. 10,350, from Heber's library ;
see also Lambeth MS. 190; MS. Coll. Ball. Oxon., xi.; and MSS. Univ.
Libr. Cantabr., Catal. vol. iii., p. 451.
4. Mirivalensis in Campo Florum. — A large number of Latin words,
including many of obscure and curious character,15 are cited as derived
from this work, for which I have made diligent search hitherto in vain.
In the library of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, there is a treatise thus
described; "No. 1748, 86. Liber cui tit. Campus florum. Pr. Fulcite me
floribus. Observat ordinem Alphabeticum."0 This treatise, however,
consisting of short common-places from the fathers and canonists, has
proved on examination wholly different from the Campus Florum used in the
compilation of the Promptorium. I have failed equally in the endeavor
to identify the place or monastery from which the name of the author
may have been taken. The Cistercian Abbey of Mereval (de Mira Valle)
» Pits, p. 481; Wadding. Ann. Minorum; Fabricius, Bibl. med. et inf. Lat. t. i. p. 282;
Tanner, p. 121, &c. Brito is cited in the Promptorium under " Bras pott; emote;" p. 47;
" Chyldys belle; lulla;" p. 75; " Cok belle;" p. 86; " Forelle, to kepe yn a boke;" p. 171.
b It may be well to cite a few Latin words given on the authority of the Campus
Florum; the following will be serviceable, in any future inquiry, for purposes of com-
parison, if any work thus entitled should be brought to light; it may have been known
by some other title, and hence my search has been fruitless. " Appulmoce, dyschmete ;
pomacium. Astelle, a schyyd; teda. Babulle; pegma. Bane of a pley; coragium.
Baselarde; sica. Caraway, herbe; carwy, sic scribitur in campo florum. Hey benche;
orcistra. Joppe or folte; joppus. Karde for wulle; campus florum dicit quod cardi
sunt pectines ferrei. Kyptre of a welle; tela. Lullynge songe; fescennia. Murche,
lytyll man; nanus. Parget or playster for wallys; gypsum. Renlys for mylke; coagulum.
Sprete or quante; conta. Stacyonere; libliopola. Wyylde fyyr; ignis Greens."" These
words will show how varied the contents of the Campus Florum must have been.
c Catal. MSS. Anglise, vol. ii. p. 149. The title was taken from the Canticles, and
also because, as the author states, he had compiled the work " contemplacione venerabilis
patris domini mei domini archiepiscopi Panormitani, videlicet domini Theobaldi de
Ursinis de Campo Florum," to whom he had transmitted it for correction. In the Uni-
versity library, Cambridge, is a MS. treatise entitled " Pratum Florum," beginning " Gram-
matice flores presens liber insinuabit." XIV. cent., MS. 1619, f. 98. Catal. vol. iii.p. 240.
PREFACE.
in Warwickshire was first suggested; there was a monastery in Champagne
called Miravallis or Mureau, in the duchy of Bar ; and a Cistercian convent
near Milan also bore the name."
5. Johannes de Garlondia in diccionario scolastico. — The writings of this
author are of considerable interest to the antiquary, however debased may
be the Latinity of his treatises, once among the best elementary auxiliaries
for the instruction of youth. It is not without reason that Erasmus thus
bursts forth in contempt of the complicated sophistries of the Schools.
" Deum immortalem! quale seculum erat hoc quum magno apparatu
disticha Joannis Garlandini adolescentibus operosis ac prolixis commen-
tariis enarrabantur." The curious information, however, preserved in
the Dictionarius of John de Garlandia, sometimes called de Gallandia or
Gerlandus, may induce us to overlook the imperfect erudition of the
period. The work has been edited with care by M. Geraud in the " Col-
lection de Documents inedits sur 1'histoire de France," b and subsequently
by Mr. Thomas Wright in a valuable volume of Vocabularies edited by
him, and published at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer.0 It commences
thus, — " Dictionarius dicitur libellus iste a dictionibus magis necessariis
quas tenetur quilibet scolaris," &c. The statements of writers on
mediaeval authors and literature are contradictory in regard to the
period when John de Garlandia lived, and the country of which he was a
native. M. Ge>aud came to the conclusion that he was born in France
in the eleventh century ; that he travelled across the seas, returned to
his native country, and there died ; he supposes that the Dictionarius was
compiled towards the year 1200. In this opinion my learned friend Andre
Pettier, in his notices of the MSS. in the Public Library at Rouen which
are under his care, was disposed to concur. There is a MS. of the Diction-
ary in that collection, accompanied by other treatises by John de Garlandia,
including his Liber Distigii mentioned hereafter. Tanner, however, and
a Whilst these pages were in the press, Sir F. Madden has pointed out a work entitled
" Campus Florum," by Thomas Guallensis, of which see a notice infra, p. Ixxiii.
b It is subjoined to the volume entitled, Paris sous Philippe le Bel; Paris, 1838,
Appendix, p. 580.
e A Library of National Antiquities, &c., vol. L; Vocabularies edited by Mr. Thomas
Wright, F.S.A., p. 120. The text here printed is accompanied by numerous English
glosses; it has been taken from Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. collated with Harl. MS. 1002,
f. 176, where it occurs with the " Liber vocatus Equus sive Caballus," another treatise
attributed, as above stated, to John de Garlandia.
PKEFACE. XXV11
some other writers affirm that he was an Englishman, who studied at
Oxford, and subsequently established himself in the University of Paris
early in the thirteenth century ; in 1229' he became a professor at Toulouse,
but he returned to Paris, and probably died there soon after 1250. He de-
dicated his treatise li De mysteriis rerum que sunt in ecclesia," of which
a notice will be found hereafter, to Fulke Basset, Bishop of London 1241-
1259. Mr. Wright has entered more fully into the history of John de
Garlandia in the Introduction to his poem De triumphis Ecclesie edited for
the Roxburghe Club, and also in an introductory note in the edition of the
Dictionarius above mentioned.* He expresses the conclusion, to which I had
been likewise led to incline, that these treatises should be assigned to the
early part of the thirteenth century.
The author of the Promptorium has drawn so largely upon these obscure
relics of mediaeval learning that the vexed questions connected with John
de Garlandia, and the precise period when he wrote these grammatical
treatises once so highly esteemed, are not devoid of interest. Upon this
point of literary history, however, the evidence has been conclusively
summed up by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor in a dissertation in the Journal of
Philology which I have already cited.b Mr. Mayor observes that " the
patriotic attempt of Dom Rivet (Hist. Litt. de la France, viii. 83) to esta-
blish the French descent of Johannes de Garlandia has been defeated by
the fairness of a later editor of that noble work, M. Victor le Clerc (ibid.
xxi. 369), who has also proved that Johannes lived, not in the eleventh
century, as Geraud maintained as late as 1837, but amid the intellectual
stir of the thirteenth. For, in a poem entitled * De Triumphis Ecclesiae,'
portions of which have been printed by Mr. Wright,0 he thus at once
acknowledges and repudiates his native land . . .
a Vocabularies, &c., Library of National Antiquities, vol, i. p. 120, privately printed,
1857. Besides the dissertation of M. Ge"raud (Docum. inedits, ut supra) notices of John de
Garlandia may be found in numerous works on mediaeval literature : Fabric. Bibl. med.
et inf. Lat. lib. vii.; Tanner, Bibl. Brit. p. 309; France Litt., t. viii. p. 96 ; Du Cange,
Preface to his Glossary, s. 45; Leyser, p. 339, &c. M. Geraud states that the dictionary
above noticed was printed at Caen in 1508, under the title "Joh. de Garlandia Voca-
bularium sive vocum ad artes pertinentium expositio."
b Latin-English and English-Latin Lexicography, Journal of Philology, vol. iv. March 1857.
c Essays on the Literature of England in the Middle Ages; Lond. 1846, vol. i. p.
215. The poem is preserved in Cott. MS. Claudius, A. x. f. 86 ; and the whole has been
edited for the Roxburghe Club by Mr. Wright,- as mentioned in the text above.
XXV111 PREFACE.
Anglia cui mater fuerat, cui Gallia nutrix,
Matri nutricem prsefero mente meam.
Another poem, ' De Mysteriis Ecclesiae,' published entire by Otto,
commemorates the death of that ' Gemma pudicitiae . . . flos philosophise,
Aula decens morum, redolens velut area florum,' Alexander of Hales,
and is dedicated to Fulco Bishop of London. Now the irrefragable
doctor, as Johannes himself tells us, died in 1245, and Fulke Basset
retained his see, spite of the need and greed of King and Pope, from
1244 to 1259. Again, the triumph of the church which Johannes
commemorates at greatest length is the Albigensian crusade (De Tri-
umphis Ecclesiae, iv. v. vi.), and in his Dictionary he tells us that he
saw at Toulouse, among other engines of war, that by which Simon de
Montfort was killed in 1218." There can no longer, 1 apprehend, be any
question as regards the period to which we should assign an author, in
whose productions, trifling as their grammatical value may be, the anti-
quary will still find, and more particularly in his Dictionarius, a large
amount of recondite information.
6. Commentarius Curialium. — This curious little work is found in a
collection of treatises principally by John de Garlandia, to whom it is also
there attributed, preserved in the Library of Caius College, Cambridge.*
I acknowledge with pleasure the kindness of the Master and Fellows in
entrusting to me that valuable MS., which has proved of no slight advan-
tage in the present undertaking. The Commentarius, of which no other
copy has come under my observation, consists of six leaves ; it is written
b Catalogue of MSS. in Caius College Library, by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 385. This
volume, "Ex dorio Magistri Rogeri Marchalle," contains, besides the Commentarius, "Dic-
cionarius Magistri Johannis de Garlandia, cum commento;" commencing, " Sacerdos ad
altare accessurus," &c., treating of sacred vestments and ornaments; also of certain sciences,
grammar, logic, arithmetic, ecclesiastical and civil law, &e. — " Accentarius ejusdem.
— Diccionarius alius ejusdem sub alia forma;" the same as that printed by Mr. Wright
(Volume of Vocabularies, p. 120), and by M. Geraud (Docum. Inedits). " De misteriis
ecclesie per eundem Johannem de Garlandia;" commencing, "Anglia quo fulget:" also a
" Compendium gramatice per eundem," in verse, commencing — " Gramaticam trivialis apex
subjicitsibi fermo;" and " Morale scolarium per eundem," in verse. In the Histoire Litte-
raire de la France, torn. viii. p. 96, three distinct dictionaries are attributed to John de Gar-
landia. Of these, two, doubtless, are found in the volume here described; the third may
be the compilation of similar nature entitled Commentarius.
PREFACE. XXIX
in double columns, in a small neat hand of the thirteenth century, with
marginal explanations and interlinear glosses by a second scribe in paler
ink. It commences, — " Commentarius liber iste curialium personarum et
rerum et vocabulorum preorditur," and ends as follows, — " Hec edita sunt
parysius sub venerabili cancellario parysius Galtero de castello Theodorici,
anno domini M°.cc°.40°. sexto gloriosum et admirabilem partum beate Marie
Virginis demonstrante." If, as appears most probable, this tract, written
in the style and manner of the .Dictionariusby John de Garlandia previously
noticed, can be recognised with certainty as from his pen, this colophon
and date at its close supply fresh and conclusive evidence in regard to the
disputed question of the period when he wrote, and agree perfectly with
the circumstances mentioned hereafter in regard to his work " de Myste-
riis ecclesie," and its dedication to Fulke, Bishop of London, in the first
half of the thirteenth century. The Commentarius Curialium seems well
deserving of being printed, as illustrative not only of language but of
manners and customs, and of social life at that period. The text is
moreover full of French words explanatory of Latin terms of which a
considerable portion are found scattered through the pages of the Promp-
torium.
7. Libellus misteriorum qui "dicitur Anglia que fulget (quo fulget,
Prompt. Winch. MS.) — Among works attributed to John de Garlandia
a treatise is mentioned by Bale, p. 153, on the authority of Bostonus
Buriensis, entitled "Mysteriorum Ecclesiae, lib. 1. Anglia quo tendis tua
dum." Pits, p. 184, gives the same line as the commencement of a
work with the title thus slightly varied, " De mysteriis Ecclesiae :" he
mentions also a commentary upon it. Leyser includes it in his list of the
writings of Garlande.3 A copy of a metrical treatise with a similar title
but commencing "Anglia quo fulget," may be found in Cott. MS. Claudius
A. vm. f. 204 b., concluding thus, "Lucida terribulum redolem campana
sonora;" and there is also a copy in a collection of grammatical tracts
chiefly by John de Garlandia in Caius College Library, Cambridge.1* The
prefatory lines commence thus: —
a Polycarpi Leyseri Hist, poetarum med. sevi, Halse, 1721, p. 311. The poem " De
Mysteriis Ecclesiaj" is given by Otto, Comment. Grit, in Codd. Biblioth. Gissensis, 1842,
pp. 86, 131-151.
'' No. 385, f. 163, possibly late scec. xiii. This curious collection has been previously
< AMD. SOC. e
XXX PKEFACE.
Anglia quo fulget, quo gaudent presule claro
Londonie, quo parisius scrutante sophiam
Florebat studium, basis aurea fulgide fulco,
Firme justicie misteria suscipe sacre,
Cuncte studio distincta metroque Johannis.
In the margin is written : *' Domino F. episcopo London. Magister J.
de Karlandia (sac) seipsum et opus suum de misteriis ecclesie." There
are interlinear glosses as well as marginal comments by a later hand ; over
basis aurea in the third line is to be read "alludit nomini suo," namely
Basset. This work is a mystical explanation in hexameter verse of rites of the
church, vestments and appliances of sacred use, &c. The difference of opi-
nion among writers on mediaeval literature, as regards the time when John de
Garlandia lived and the country of which he was a native, has been already
noticed. The assertion of Pits, that he was born in England, has been fol-
lowed by Fabricius, Moreri, and Du Cange ; and, although the dedication of
the poem which I have here noticed is doubtless insufficient evidence to prove
that the friend of a bishop of London was himself an Englishman, yet it
may suffice to show that the author was contemporary with a distinguished
prelate of that see named Fulke, and none so named is found earlier than
Fulke Basset, who was elected in 1241, and died in 1259.a It would thus
appear that John de Garlandia lived in the thirteenth century, which the
evidence previously noticed tends also to prove, and not in the early part
of the eleventh century, as stated by the Benedictines in the Histoire
Litteraire de la France.
8. Merarius. — In a volume of grammatical tracts mostly attributed
to Johannes de Garlandia, preserved in the Library at Caius College,
Cambridge, as already noticed, I find appended to the " Diccionarius
noticed. Catalogue of MSS. in Caius College Library, by the Rev. J. J. Smith, p. 179.
A copy among Archbishop Parker's MSS. C.C.C. Cant, is described by Nasmyth, " Carmen
ad Fulconem Episcopum Londoniensem de Ritibus Ecclesiasticis." — MS. CL. No. 4.
• M. Geraud, Paris sous Philippe le Bel, Append, p. 583, adverts to this poem by John
de Garlandia, but he observes that it is not known who the bishop in question was, his
name being indicated only by the initial F. He is, however, identified by the gloss in
the MS. above described. The argument that the author was born in France, because
the name de Garlandia, possibly from a place so called in Brie, is French rather than
English, does not prove that he was not a native of this country, or of a family established
in England.
PREFACE. XXXI
cum comento" by that author, a short tract with an elaborate gloss.*
A second copy is also found in the same library, following the tract enti-
tled Distigius or Distigiumf attributed to the same writer, as hereafter
noticed. That little relic of barbarous Latinity, which seems suited rather
to darken knowledge than to initiate the unlearned, may probably have
been composed by John de Garlandia, although his name does not appear,
and I have not succeeded in discovering the tract in question in any cata-
logue of his productions. It commences thus, — " Merarii nuper cintillanti
jubare pannidensi rejecta diployde macellam ex bisso subuculam cum
recino duntaxat influo oloserico." The gloss or commentary gives the fol-
lowing explanation of the title of the work. " Merarii, etc. Hec meraria et
hec merenda est comestio qui manducatur in meridie," &c.c On compar-
ing some of the Latin words that occur in the Promptorium with a refe-
rence to Merarius or to the Glossa Merarii, as the authority, I find them
all in this treatise, which therefore is doubtless that thus cited. It should
seem that Merarius signifies the noon-tide time of the day, when it
was usual to partake of a "nunchion" or noon-meal. (See Nunmete, infra^
p. 360.) Whether the title of the treatise, however, was intended to refer in
any manner either to the light of mid-day, or to the timely nourishment
then dispensed, I cannot venture to affirm. As a specimen of its almost
enigmatical contents, the following paragraph may be cited: — " Arpaco
hinc repente mihi pseudofania phalam effetavit in campitro machinatam, in
projecto monobatem, in yperliminario diapennem."
9. Distigius. — In one of the volumes in the Library of Caius College,
Cambridge, entrusted to me as bafbie mentioned by the Master and Fellows
to aid my researches, I find, among grammatical writings by John de
Garlandia and other writers, a treatise consisting of 42 hexameter lines
thus entitled, «* Opus istud dicitur Distigium, a dia, duo, et stigos, versus,
quia in duobus versibus comprehendet autor totam sentenciam proverbia-
lem." There are a voluminous gloss in Latin and a few interlinear expla-
nations. It commences thus, " Cespitat (anglice, stumlyt) in phaleris ippus
» Catal. of MSS. at Caius Coll. Camb. by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 385, fol. 61. The
tract above noticed is not mentioned, however, in the description of this curious volume.
b Ibid. No. 136, fo. 51 verso.
c So also in the Ortus Vocabulorum I find these words : " Merarius, t. meridianus.
— Merarius, est quidem liber."
XXXll PREFACE.
(i. equus) bluttaque (i. purpura) supintis (t. superbus).R" This MS. is pro-
bably of the close of the thirteenth century. There exist other MSS. of this
tract, which has been attributed to John de Garlandia ; it has been printed
by Mr. Wright in the collection of vocabularies published by Mr. Mayer.5 .
The text there given, accompanied by numerous English glosses, is taken
from Harl. MS. 1002, fol. 113, scec. xv., but the text is probably of
earlier date. At the end is written, " explicit liber equus caballus;" and
hence it may be conjectured that Distigius is the same treatise as that cited
in the Promptorium as ltliberegw.n See p. xxxv. infra. This curious vocabu-
lary contains a considerable proportion of words adopted from the Greek,
and in one of the MSS. I find the following observation, " Intencio est que-
dam vocabula ex Grecis extorta provectis proferre, et etiam fatuis et stolidis
qui volunt esse magistri antequam sciant."0
10. Robertas Kylwtirbi. — Of this voluminous writer, described by Bale
as u garrulus sophista," ample notices have been given by writers who
have treated of the eminent men and the literature of the thirteenth cen-
tury .d He was a native of England, educated at Paris and Oxford;
a Catal. of MSS. Caius Coll. Camb. by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 136, fo. 45. It
occurs in this volume immediately after the Diccionarius of John de Garlandia, and is
followed by the treatise entitled Merarius described above.
b Library of National Antiquities, &c., published at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer,
F.S.A. vol. i. p. 174.
c Among Sir Thomas Bodley's MSS. there is a copy entitled " Liber Ditigii (sic), hoc
est disticha 21, in quibus ex destinato plures voces e Greco fonte derivatae occurrunt,
sed addita in margine expositione Anglica." See the Catal. MSS. Angliae, t. i. p. 135,
No. 2562, 67. Among the MSS. in the Conventual Library at Peterborough there was
"Liber Distigii Glosatus." Gunton's Peterb. p. 205. This metrical treatise may
have been sometimes designated by another title, and be identical with that ascribed
to John de Garlandia by Bale, Pits, and other writers, namely " Cornutum sive disticha."
Haenel, Catal. MSS., p. 531, mentions a MS. at Basle entitled " Cornutus antiquus
et novus;" also " Distichium sive cornutus." A copy is in the British Museum, Arund.
MS. 243, f. 343, "Cornutus, sive disticba hexametra moralia cum interpretatione Ger-
manica et commentario Latino." The "Expo^itio disticii seu Cornuthi," by Mag. Jo. de
Garland ria (sic) was printed at Hagenau in 1489. Hain, Repert. Bibl., vol. ii. p. 436.
It should be noticed that Johannes Destigius, an author of English origin, is mentioned
by Pits, p. 873, who wrote a work " Super Vocabulis Sacrorum Bibliorum;" following the
writings of Neccham and Brito.
. d Leland,t.ii.p. 286; Bale, p. 334; Pits, p. 357; Cave, p. 735; Godwin dePraes. p. 136;
Ant. Wood; Tanner, p. 455. His name is written " Chiluuardebius " by Leland.
PREFACE. XXX111
he became Provincial of the Dominican Order in England ; was nominated
Archbishop of Canterbury by Gregory X. in 1272; resigned the see on
being made a cardinal by Nicholas III. in 1278; and died shortly after at
Viterbo, as it was alleged, by poison. Among his numerous works enu-
merated by Pits and Tanner there are several grammatical and other
treatises which may have supplied materials to the compiler of the Proinp-
torium, such as the " Tractatus de ortu scientiarum," of which copies
exist in Cott. MS. Vitell. A. I., f. 173 ; in the Bodleian library among the
Digby MSS.; in the college libraries of Merton and Balliol, and elsewhere.
He wrote commentaries on Priscian's treatise De Constructione, on Donatus,
and on various works of Aristotle.
11. Alexander Neccham. — A full account of the voluminous writings of
Neckam or Neccham, one of the most erudite scholars of his time, is given
by Leland, Pits, Tanner, and other writers on the literary history of the
twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a native of Hertfordshire, born
at or near St. Alban's about A.D. 1157, and pursued his studies in the
schools of France and Italy, where his learning was held in high estimation.
In 1215 he became Abbot of Cirencester; he died at Worcester in 1217.
His principal works were theological. He compiled also a treatise " De rerum
naturis," a " Repertoriuin Yocabulorum," an " Elucidarium Bibliothecas,"
explanatory of difficult words in the Scriptures; also a treatise entitled
" Isagoge ad Artes." The first of these, namely " De naturis rerum libri duo
priores," has recently been edited by Mr , Wright for the series of Chronicles
and Memorials of Great Britain published under the direction of the Master
of the Rolls. It was, however, as I believe, from the treatise " De nominibus
Utensilium " of Alexander Neccham that the compiler of the Prompto-
rium derived a large number of Latin words. That curious little work
has been given by Mr. Wright, in the collection of Vocabularies to which
I have already made frequent reference, from Cotton. MS. Titus D. xx.,
a copy written about the close of the thirteenth century, and accompanied
by interlinear English glosses.a The text has been collated with two other
MSS. in the Imperial Library at Paris.b There was a copy in the cathedral
a Volume of Vocabularies from the tenth to the fifteenth century, &c. published at
the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A.
b Among numerous words occurring in the Promptorium with references to Neccham,
and likewise found in the treatise " De Utensilibus " given by Mr. Wright, may be cited,
XXXI V PREFACE.
library at Worcester, where the author, who is said to have been an
intimate friend of Sylvester de Evesham, bishop of that see, and to have
died at the episcopal palace at Kemsey, was buried in the cloisters. His
mutilated effigy is still pointed out. This manuscript is now unfortunately
not to be found : there is a copy in the library at Caius College, Cam-
bridge, another at St. Peter's College in the same University ;a and at Oxford
a valuable copy with a French gloss exists at St. John's College, MS.
No. clxxviii. 23.
The works enumerated in the foregoing list, as the principal authorities
consulted by the compiler of the Promptorium, were not, however, the only
sources from which the materials of his dictionary were derived. It may
be of some interest to collect the scattered notices that occur under various
words, since they indicate not only the grammatical or other treatises with
which the recluse friar of Lynn was conversant, but they may also serve
to shew the resources of conventual libraries in the fifteenth century. Mr.
Hingeston has pointed out, from the number of rare and valuable works
referred to in Capgrave's Chronicle, how extensive a store of learning must
have been treasured up in the library of the Austin Friars at Lynn, b and
it is probable that the library of the neighbouring convent of the Domini-
cans was not less copiously provided. The works of Aristotle are repeatedly
cited; thus under the word " Dysowre," p. 122, is found "Bomolochusf Aris-
toteles in Ethicis;" the same treatise is cited under " Dullarde," p. 135,
and, under " Deffe or dulle," p. 116, reference occurs to Aristotle "in po-
liticis." Under " Telte," p. 488, is found a reference to " Egidius super
rhetoricam Aristotelis." The " Historia Scholastica," doubtless the po-
pular work of Peter Comestor, a celebrated theological writer of Troyes in
the twelfth century, is cited under «' Fyyr forke," p. 161, and "Prynce
"Garbage of fowlys; enttra, vd exta," p. 186 (compare Mr. Wright's edition, p. 97);
"Jowpe, garment \jupa," p. 275 (Wright, p. 98) ; Latch e or snekke; pessula," p. 283
(compare Wright, p. 110); " Perre, drynke; piretum^1 p. 394 (compare Wright, p. 98).
• Catal. MSS. Angliae, pp. 119J 148; compare Catal. of MSS. at Gonville and Caius
College by the Rev. J. J. Smith, No. 136.
b Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave, edited for the Series of Chronicles and
Memorials of Great Britain by the Rev. F. C. Hingeston; App. to Introd. p. 370.
c The word in Harl. MS. 221 is written Homolochus. Eu/ne^a^of, a low jester, is a
word used by Aristotle, Ethics, N. 4, 8, 3, and also by Aristophanes. Compare Ortus
Vocabulorum: — " Bomolochus, i. scurra (a brawler) : — Bomolochia, i. scurrilitas."
PREFACE. XXXV
of prestys," p. 413. The " Vit« Patruin "* are given as the authority for
the Latin words occurring under «* Gylle, lytylle pot," p. 194. Reference
will be found to the " Horologium divine sapiencie " under l( Amuce of an
hare," p. 11, probably the treatise with that title by the celebrated Domi-
nican preacher and ascetic divine of the fourteenth century, Henry de
Suson ; it was translated into French and English, and was printed by
Caxton. Pits, however, ascribes to John Wilton, a monk of Westminster,
c. 1360, a treatise entitled " Horologium Sapientise," commencing «' Sen-
tite de Domino." The name of an author whom I have not succeeded in
identifying occurs under "Cawdelle; caldellum" p. 64, where it is said
" hoc nomen habetur in commentario Johannis de Gara." Under " Feest;
agapes" p. 158, are found the following, "Nota, de Agape in Jure, distinc-
tions xlij . Si quis ; et Raymundus, lib. iii. tit. iv." The former of these is
a reference to the first part of the Decretum of Gratian, of which several
printed editions exist ; the latter to the Summa by the Dominican Rai-
mundus de Pennaforte, compiler of the Decretals. Again, under another
word, "Frogge or froke, munkys aby te ; flocus, in Jure, libro vj.;" p. 179,
it is probable that we have a reference to the Decretals. References to
" Greg' in dialog." deserve notice; the work in question being probably the
Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great, of which several early translations exist.
At p. 483 will be found " Swerd berare ; spatarius, Greg' in dialog." and in
the Winchester MS. " Schyppe, boote ; carabus, secundum Greg' x. dialog."
I may also here notice the following: " Matyn at the chesse; mato, ij.
libro de tribus dietis, cap. ij.;"b and "Matynge at the chesse; matacio,
in libro iij. de dominis, cap. ij.;" p. 239. Under " Leterone" we find a
Latin term for a lectern or desk, discus, given as *' secundum li. equi," pos-
sibly, as has been already suggested, the metrical vocabulary entitled "Liber
Equus Caballus" given by Mr. Wright among the Vocabularies published
» The " De Vitis SS. Patrum liber " has been attributed to St. Jerome, but hereon
the learned have been much at variance. Oudin, t. i. p. 851. The work was doubtless,
as Bellarmine and others have observed, compiled from several authors. These lives
have been frequently printed ; they were translated into several languages. A translation
by Caxton from the French, finished, as the colophon states, on the last day of his life,
was printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1495. Dibdin, Typog. Ant. vol. ii. p. 43.
b Mr. W. S. Walford, to whose valuable suggestions I have very often been indebted,
has pointed out that among the books of Charles V. King of France, 1409, occurs a
44 Liber de tribus dietis," but there is no clue to what may har« been the subject of it.
S«« Bibliothequ* Prototypographique, p. 81.
XXXVI PREFACE.
by Mr. Mayer .a Boetius is cited in the Winchester MS. under " Sokynge
Grownde," p. 463. The work may have been his treatise " De Consola-
tione Philosophica," or that " De disciplina scolarium." Fabr. Bibl. Lat.
The import of the reference occurring as follows has been sought in vain. —
"Damasyn, frute; coquinella, secunduni Levasey ;" p. 113; the citation of
that authority here occurs only in the Winchester MS. "Hummynge ; reuma,
secundum Levsay," p. 253; "Knast or gnaste of a kandel; emunctura, se-
cundumLevsay,"p.277.b I have been unsuccessful also in identifying the
author cited as Ricardus under the words " Cyndyr," p. 78, and " Wylke,"
p. 528 ; or the signification of the following reference found in the Win-
chester MS. only; " Sete for worthy menn; orcestra, vel orcistra, secundum
ciide" (or cundys ?).
It may deserve notice that Galfridus gives, as English words, " Caton,"
doubtless the Disticha attributed to Dionysius Cato, " Faceet," a popular
supplement to that work, and " Donet," the grammar most in use in the
middle ages, composed by -<Elius Donatus in the fourth century. See the
notes, s. v., pp. 63, 127. We find also several service-books, Antiphoner,
Grail, Missal, "Poortos," namely the portiforium or breviary for a priest, &c.
The following word may not be undeserving of notice: " Seventene,
septem decem, vel decem et septem secundum correcciones fratrum pre-
dicatorum," or, according to the reading of another MS. " Cevyntene,
secundum nostram correccionem septem et decem." In this passage it is
not quite clear what may be the meaning of the word correccio, whether
the rule (disciplina) of the Order, or some emendation of the original MS.
of the Promptorium remaining in the possession of the friars. The copies
prove on collation to present numerous variations not merely in spelling,
but in regard to words both English and Latin added or omitted, and
moreover certain words are supplied by the text printed by Pynson which I
have not found in any MS.
III. I will now enumerate the MSS. and editions of the work.
1. The MS. which has been selected as the Text of the present edition
is the Harleian MS. No. 221. It is a small quarto of 205 leaves of parch-
* A Library of National Antiquities, published at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer,
F.S.A., vol. i. Vocabularies, p. 175.
b See also " Schryvyn or here scryftys; audire confessiones, nichil aliud inveni per
grammaticam;" to which in the Winchester MS. is added, " scapulagito, secundum
Levsay." The like reference occurs under " Trunchon, wyrme."
ifoh Museum- Hart.: MS. 227 fol 7 verso.
vfcrffenie*^
tyaltrtPtg
31
n oz to
i&bilitt> d& dui<i/
\\ 0 dtfamn AVc
rfm
10
tnbi
PREFACE. XXXVI
ment in excellent preservation. The writing, of which a fac-simile is given,
is probably not much later than the date of the compilation ; it is in two
columns, and carefully executed, distinct, and remarkably uniform through-
out. The leaves measure 9§ inches in height by 6| in breadth. The
first twelve are rubricated, the initial letter of each line being in red.
The English words also are underlined with the same color. A few
errors and omissions have been amended. Each quire of parchment has a
checkword at the lower corner of its last leaf, and the leaves are num-
bered, the signatures running from A i to r, Arabic numerals being used
here and also throughout the MS. A small portion is deficient, by some
accidental oversight, namely in the verbs between Clyvyfi and Cracchyn.
This MS. was formerly in the possession of Sir Symonds D'Ewes, Bart.
It is doubtless the same which is noticed by Bishop Tanner (Bibl. Brit. p.
305, published in 1748). On the reverse of the fly-leaf at the beginning
of the MS. the following note is written, " This book belongs to Sir
Symonds Dews Library, and is to be restored." I have been unable to
ascertain whether this possessor of the volume was the distinguished
statesman and antiquary of that name, compiler of the Journals of the
Parliament in the reign of Elizabeth: he died in 1650. In the list of
MSS. in the possession of his grandson, Sir Symonds D'Ewes, Bart, of
Stow Langtoft Hall, Suffolk, who succeeded in 1685, I find " An ancient
Latin-English Dictionary written about the year 1440," the volume pro-
bably now under consideration, but inadvertently described as Latin-
English instead of English-Latin.* There can, however, be little doubt
that the valuable library at Stow Langtoft, of Avhich this MS. formed part,
had been collected by the eminent scholar, the friend of Selden, Spelman,
and Cotton.
On the fly-leaf at the beginning of the Harl. MS. is pasted a slip of
paper, with the name probably of a former owner, — li liber hugonis
barker."5
I may here repeat the observation previously made c that this valuable
MS., although as I believe from internal evidence only a transcript, has
* Catal. MSS. Anglise, t. ii. p. 387.
b On the leaf at the end are some medical receipts : — " M. Breuse hsec me docuit.
Holsome herbes for the potte in tempore pestilencie, &c. A soverane medicynne for
the swetynge sekenesse ; secundum magistrum Walterum Hylle," &c.
c See Advertisement, p. v. ante.
CAMD. SOC. /
XXXVlii PREFACE.
been selected for the groundwork of the present edition, as supplying the
earliest, most ample, and most correct text among the MSS. of the work
which have come under my observation. The original by the author's
hand has not been brought to light, and there are numerous indications of
alterations in spelling and other minutiae by the transcriber. The age of
the transcript, however, may entitle it to be considered as that which
most faithfully represents the original text; it contains a much greater
number of words than are found in any other MS. or in Pynson's and sub-
sequent editions ; in addition to this a synonym or explanatory phrase is
frequently found in the Harl. MS., contributing to elucidate the significa-
tion of some archaism which in the other texts is comparatively obscure.
2. Fragment of a copy in Harl. MS. 2,274, from which a few various
readings have been obtained ; they are in each instance indicated by the
number of the MS. It contains portions of the letters G. EL M. N. and
R. ; and more nearly resembles the text of Pynson's printed edition than
any of the other MSS. The termination of the verbs is written -ynge,
as in Grawntynge, &c.
3. MS. preserved in the Library of King's College, Cambridge (class
mark, No. 8); a thin volume containing 75 leaves of parchment; dimen-
sions 12 inches by 8 inches. The writing is in double columns, in a good
legible hand of the latter part of the fifteenth century, and very uniform
throughout the book. The initials at the beginning of each letter in the
alphabetical arrangement are painted with bright opaque blue, and have
rubricated marginal flourishes, as shown in the facsimile. On the reverse
of the last leaf the donor is thus recorded, "Dedit Collegio Regali Sam.
Thorn's ibidem Socius 1684." a The name, probably, of a previous pos-
sessor is written on a fly-leaf at the beginning, "Rob't london," and repeated
on the last leaf, in the same hand, " Rob't london nuper de Aldeby in Com.
Norff. ar."b The names, " Thomas Wyndham," " Joh'es Buckenham," and
" John Bayspoole," occur also in the volume.
0 Samuel Thomas, possibly the donor of this book, was appointed prebendary of Wells,
Aug. 3, 1681. His successor in the stall (Compton Bishop) was appointed in 1691.
Le Neve, edit. Hardy.
b The family of this name lived, according to Blomefield (Hist. Norf. vol. viii. p. 4) at
Aldby or Aldeburgh, and had a lease of the priory manor. He mentions three persons,
in successive generations, living there about the sixteenth century and subsequently,
each of whom bore the name of Robert London.
PREFACE. XXXIX
In the present edition all various readings and additions obtained by-
collation of this MS. are indicated by the letter (K).
4. MS. in the Chapter Library, Winchester Cathedral ; on paper, con-
sisting of 114 leaves; dimensions 13| inches by 10 inches.a The writing
is in double columns, in a bold clear hand without any rubrication. The
text resembles that of Harl. MS. 221, but it is by no means identical;
some words which occur in the other MSS. or in the edition printed by
Pynson, but are not in the Harl. MS., being here found. The verbs from
CLYVYN or ryvyn to COWRYN, inclusive, accidentally omitted in the Harl.
MS., occur here, and they have been supplied in the present edition chiefly
from this MS. The errors of the scribe are few and of slight importance;
a few words are omitted, and some transposed. In regard to certain pecu-
liarities in spelling, I noticed woke for oke, wold for old, &c. ; awynsweryn,
byyndyn, chawynce, dawynce, fesawynt, grawyntyn, parchemyyn, plya-
wynt, &c. ; rygthe, myth, nygthe, wygthe; also hwy for why, hwat for
what; an happel, hirkyn for irk, and the like. The b is often but not in-
variably used, and many words are written with th. This fine relic of the
ancient conventual library contains the " Liber Catonis " with other tracts,
and after the "Explicit" of several of these is written — " Q' M. W.
Grene." It was in the possession of Thomas Sylkestede, Prior of Win-
chester about 1498, a liberal benefactor to the fabric of the Cathedral, the
friend of Bishop Fox, to whom he rendered assistance in founding Corpus
Christi College, Oxford; he died in 1524. On a leaf of parchment at the
beginning of the volume is written — u Liber T. Sylkestede, prec. xiij s.
iiij d.," and lower on the page in a smaller hand — " Anno domini
M.CCCC. iiijxx xiiij" (1494). On the reverse of one of the fly leaves at the
end is written — " Constat Thome Sylksted," to which is added in diffe-
rent ink lt Supprioris," the book having possibly belonged to him pre-
viously to his election to that office. Also — " Iste liber est de domo
Sancti Swythini Wynton. Qui eum alienaverit Anathema sit." On a
second fly-leaf the record of its having belonged to the monastery of Win-
chester is repeated ; also the date M.CCCC. iiij^v. (1485) the Anathema,
* This fine volume is in perfect preservation, in the original oak boards covered with
leather. The contents, besides the Promptorium, are — Liber Catonis, Liber Equivocorum,
Parvum Doctrinale, or Liber de Parabolis Philosophise, Liber Theodoli, and Liber Aniani,
the last consisting of fables in hexameter and pentameter verse.
xl PREFACE.
and a few words scarcely legible, which may be read — ** Ex providencia
Willelmi Grene," whose name occurs repeatedly elsewhere as before
noticed ; he may have been either the scribe or the donor.
In the present edition all various readings and additions obtained by
collation of this MS. are indicated by the letter (S). It is with grateful
satisfaction that I would express my acknowledgment of the liberality of
the Dean and Chapter in entrusting to me, through the friendly mediation
of Mr. Vaux, a volume of such value, and from which I have derived
much assistance in my undertaking.
5. MS. in the library of Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., collated, by his
kind permission, at Middle Hill (No. 8306, Heber Library No. 1360). It
is on paper, dimensions 11 1 inches by 8^ inches. The writing is in
double columns in a small neat hand of the close of the fifteenth century
with rubricated initials ; the English words are underlined with red. The
Promptorium extends to p. 166. On the first column of p. 167 is
written in red ink, " Explicit liber dictus Promtorius Paruulorum," &c.
as in other MSS. and immediately after, " Brooke owyt yis Boke hoso
wyssly loke." The name of this former owner, " Joh'es Broke," occurs
repeatedly, also " Thomas Wade," and, in a handwriting of later date
(? xvii. SEec.), u Henry Sherbrooke.'' On the second or right-hand column
of p. 167 commences the Latin-English Dictionary entitled "Medulla
Grammatice," and written apparently by the same scribe as the Prompto-
rius. It is imperfect in several parts,* and ends with the Avord " Ticio,
onis, a brond of fyre," p. 342. b In .this MS. y is used instead of )>. A few
peculiarities in spelling deserve notice ; for instance, almyhty, bryth, flyht,
feythtyn, lyth, syth, ryth, nyth, instead of almyghty, bryght, &c. ; qwat,
qwyl, qhyp, qhyth, &c. for what, whyle, whyppe, &c. The verbs some-
times terminate in -ng, thus, " Betydyng, happyng."
In the present edition all various readings and additions obtained by
collation of this MS. are indicated by the letter (H).
6. MS. in the British Museum, Addit. MS. 22,556, formerly in the
library of the late Mr. S. W. Singer, and obtained by purchase in 1858.c
The following portions are lost : from Bagge or poke to Byggyng or thyng yat is
; fr°m Hedcyte to Hool ; and from Mowar, or maker of mowys, to Mylkyn.
b This MS. of the Medulla is described hereafter, see p. liv.
« Mr. Singer's library was sold by Messrs. Sotheby, Aug. 3, 1858. I am not aware from
2Z.fSf.2ofc 73 verso
me ftr^tn ftetnett
n - -6 n v
lS-£cja.
vB ot niony Vntyvd
^ ^ ^
PREFACE. xli
It is on parchment, 106 leaves, dimensions lOf inches by 7 3 inches. The
writing is of the close of the fifteenth century, in double columns, the
initial letters marked with a yellow stain instead of rubrication, as is not
uncommonly seen in English MSS. of the fifteenth century. This is not
shown in the fac-simile. This MS. is unfortunately imperfect ; it commences
with the word " Bowntevousnesse." Of many leaves only fragments
remain, and it ends abruptly at u Tryin a truthe be doom," the concluding
line being the first of the second column on the reverse of the leaf, as if
the scribe had discontinued his task ; and on the blank space of the lower
part of the page are several scribblings: " Sum Johannis Saulfi " (twice);
a hare ; a quaint pen sketch of a pedagogue, possibly John Saulfi, holding
an open book in his left hand, and in his right a short staff or palmer for
the correction of his scholars; also a squirrel, and other performances of
boyish penmanship. This MS. is of considerable interest. It was unfor-
tunately unknown to me until a great portion of the present edition had
been printed off.
The various readings and additions obtained by a partial collation of
this MS. are indicated by the letter (A). It will be observed that the
collation has beef carried out in the later part of the volume only.
It is possible that a MS. formerly in the library of" Abraam Seller . . .
viri antiquitatum ecclesiasticarum peritissimi," may have been an imperfect
copy of the Promptorium. It is described as a folio volume, " 3,774, Dictio-
narium Anglo-Latinum, in pergamen. ante annos 200 scriptum, a.Ki<f>a\ov
KCLI fjieiovpov." Catal. MSS. Anglise, torn. ii. p. 96; published in 1697.*
Having thus described the existing MSS. which I have succeeded in
discovering, I have now to notice the editions issued by Pynson, Wynkyn
de Worde, and Julian Notary, all of these being of the greatest rarity.
what source the MS. had come into his hands; on the first leaf are the class marks of
some former possessor — L. 6. 26, and W. 7. The early portion is in a fragmentary state,
until fo. 6, beginning with the word Candelere, after which the continuity is broken
at intervals, until the letter T.
* Abraam or Abednego Seller was a writer of some note on matters ecclesiastical in
his day. His chief works are " Remarques relating to the State of the Church of the
first centuries," Lond. 1680; " History of Passive Obedience since the Reformation," &c
Amst. 1689; " History of Self- Defence," &c. See Ant. Wood, Watt, and Lowndes. I
have not succeeded in ascertaining what became of his library; some of his MSS. are in
the library of the University of Cambridge.
xlii PREFACE.
/
The edition by Richard Pynson in 1499 is one of the most scarce pro-
ductions of his press ; probably, as Dibdin observes, he may have reprinted
in subsequent years a volume which must have proved so extensively
acceptable; no other impression of it, however, by that printer, who
industriously prosecuted his art until 1529, is known to exist. The
volume is a small folio of 115 leaves; there is no title page, the first page
is blank, the prologue being on the reverse of the leaf. It commences
thus : —
" ^[ Incipit prologusln libellum qui dicitur promptorius puerorum.
Cernentibus solicite clericoru'm condiciones," . . . and concludes, . . .
" pro me peccatore misericorditer intercedaut dominum nostrum ihesum
christum," etc.
" 1f Explicit prologus."
Sign. a. ii. " ^ Incipit liber quidicitur Promptorium paruulorum siue
clericorum."
The signatures a and b have eight leaves each, the rest, to t inclusive,
have only six. The book is printed in double columns ; there are running
titles or headings of the pages, " Nomina A — Verba A," and so forth,
throughout the alphabet, distinguishing nouns and other pJrts of speech from
the verbs, respectively. On sign, t iii. there is the following colophon: —
" *[[ Ad laudem et ad honorem omnipotentis dei et intemerate genitricis
ejus. Finit excellentissimum opus exiguis magnisque scolasticis vtillissi-
mum quod nuncupatur Medulla grammatice. Inpressum per egregium
Kichardum pyuson, in expensis virtuosorum virorum Fredrici egmondt et
Petri post pascha. anno domini .M.CCCC. nonagesimo nono. Decima va
die mensis Maii."
In this colophon, here printed with the contracted words in extenso, two
points of interest claim attention ; the first is the change of title, the libelluSj
described in the prologue as " Promptorius puerorum " being here called
" Medulla grammatice; " the second is the mention of the patrons through
whose encouragement the costs of Pynson's undertaking were defrayed.
By similar notices in other books from his press we know that he received
the like favors from Margaret, mother of Henry VII., from the Earl of
Kent and other patrons of literature. Frederic Egmondt may have been
of an ancient race of the name in the Netherlands. Dibdin seems to have
assumed that " post pascha " was part of the date, whereas from the preci-
PREFACE. xliii
sion with which this is stated such can hardly be the case. He speaks of
Frederic and Peter as if both were of the family of Egmondt. (Typ. Ant. vol.
ii. Prelim. Obs. p. vii.) We find about the time in question a distinguished
person of that family, possibly the patron of Pynson, Frederic, son of
William IV. Count of Egmond. In 1472 he received from his uncle the
Duke of Gueldres the lordship of Buren ; he was named governor of Utrecht
by the Archduke Maximilian in 1492; two years later Buren was raised
to a County in reward of his services ; he died in 1500.* I have, however,
sought in vain to trace a connection between this personage and England;
we learn from Pontanus that he was educated at the University of Paris,
and it may therefore be presumed that he retained some taste for literature.
There was a Peter, an illegitimate brother of his father, who might have
been living at that time ; what was his surname does not appear. Had
these persons, however, been Pynson's patrons on this occasion, the nobility
of the former would surely have been in some way mentioned, instead of
the word " virtuosi" being applied to both. It may be more probable that
these patrons were either merchants or booksellers ; in the latter case the
work must have been printed for them as a trade speculation. Panzer, in
his Annales Typographici, has perhaps somewhat too hastily placed the
names of Frederic Egmondt and Peter Post pascha in one of his lists of
printers (that arranged by their Christian names), probably on the autho-
rity of this colophon, as no other mention of either is known in connection
with typography except that, as I have been informed by Mr. Winter Jones,
a Frederic de Egmont appears in the colophon of a Sarum missal printed
at Venice in 1494, "jussu et impensis praestantissimorum virorum Friderici
de Egmont ac Gerrardi Barrevelt : impressum per Joannem de Hertzog de
Landoia." (Panzer, vol. iii. p. 358.) Mr. Winter Jones considers that the
designations virtuosus, prcestantissimus, and the like, do not indicate persons
of high rank.
On the reverse of the last leaf is Pynson's device, No. 4, Herbert Typ.
Ant., No. 5, Dibdin. A more minute account of this rare volume may be
• Comtes d'Egmond, Art de Verifier les Dates, t. iv. p. 335. A Frederic de Egmond,
Count of Buren, is mentioned in the treaty for an intended marriage between Charles,
prince of Spain, and Mary, daughter of Henry VII., in 1507; and again in another treaty
relating to the same subject, dated May 4, 1508. Rymer, t. v. part iv. pp. 241, 255.
xliv PREFACE.
found in the Typographical Antiquities.8 It was described by Herbert
from a copy in Dr, Hunter's library at Glasgow. Five copies only have
been seen by me; one of these, in the Althorp Library and pronounced
" sound and desirable " by Dibdin, was made perfect, as he informs us, by
the acquisition of two copies at the sale of the library of Mr. Lloyd of
Wygfair in 1817; in the Public Library at Cambridge there is a good
copy, in which I found the MS. note, before mentioned, " Autor hujus
operis fuit Galfridus Grammaticus dictus frater Ordinis S. Dominici;"b
a third, in fine condition, is in the Bodleian; the fourth, in the Eoyal
Library in the British Museum, was in the possession of James West,
President of the Royal Society;0 at the sale of his library in 1773 it was
purchased for George III. for 2Z. 6s.;d the fifth is in the Grenville library.6
The numerous various readings and additions both of English and Latin
words obtained from Pynson's edition are indicated by the initial (P).
Several editions of the Promptorium issued from the press of Wynkyn
de Worde, in small quarto form; copies in fine condition are scarcely
less rare than those printed by Pynson. Notices are to be found in
bibliographical works of editions in 1510, 1512, 1516, 1518, 1519(?),1522,
and 1528;f of these I have been able to examine copies in a few instances
• Ames' Typ. Ant. vol. i. p. 246; Dibdin, vol. ii. p. 416 ; Bibl. Spenc. Supp. p. 241,
and Bibliotb. Grenvill. vol. ii. p. 576. See also Panzer, vol. i. p. 509, and Maittaire,
vol. i. p. 693. o Shelf-mark, AB. 10, 38.
e See West's Catalogue, p. 54. The leaves measure slightly over 10£ inches .in height
by 8f in width ; the dimensions of the copy in the King's Library, British Museum,
are 10£ by 7£ in.; of that in the Grenville library, lOf in height.
d At the beginning of this volume a leaf printed by Pynson is bound in, unnoticed
by bibliographers ; it is a formula of an indulgence granted by Julius II. and dated 1508,
with a blank for the name of the person to whom it might be granted, and purports to
be issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of St. David's, the Pope's
Commissaries general, to authorise the appointment, by the person for whose benefit
it was intended, of a confessor, who might grant absolution of sins, with exception of
some which are specified, including exportation of arms to the infidels and importation of
alum from them. It is printed Archaeol. Journal, vol. xvii. p. 250.
e At Inglis' sale a copy produced 38£. 17$. Another was sold in 1855 by Messrs.
Sotheby for 161. There is a copy in the choice library of Henry Huth, Esq.
' It is stated in Brunei's Manuel du Libraire, edit. 1863, t. iv. col. 900, that there exist
" des editions abregees sorties des presses de Winkyn de Worde, sans date, et en 1516,
PREFACE. xlv
only ; in those which I have seen I perceived no essential variations in the
text. A copy of that of 1516, formerly in Heber's library and obtained
by Sir Frederic Madden in 1836, has been, among many kindnesses which
I have received at his hands, entrusted for my use throughout the prepa-
ration of this volume.a Occasionally the Latin-English dictionary, Ortus
Vocabulorum, printed by the same printer and in the like form, is found
bound up with the Promptorium for the convenience of students. Dibdin
remarks that Wynkyn de Worde's Promptuarium Parvulorum was an
abridgment of the dictionary of which the editio princeps had issued from
Pynson's press with the title " Promptorius puerorum"; the omissions are
principally, however, of some portions of the Latin explanations, and of
references to authorities, whilst occasionally English synonyms, &c. are
added in the smaller volume. The variations in the title may be without
any material significance. The following brief description of this rare
book will here suffice.b
The volume consists of 69 leaves, sign. A. ij. to M. iij. ; it is printed in
double columns, with running titles distinguishing the Nomina from the
Verba, as in Pynson's edition.
Title. — " Promptuarium paruulorum clericorum : quod apud nos Medulla
grammatice appellatur. Scolasticis quam maxime necessarium. Impres-
sum Londoniis per wynandum de worde hac in vrbe in parochia sancte
Brigide (in the fletestrete) ad signum solis commorantem." On the title is
introduced the well-known wood-cut device used by Wynkyn de Worde,
in 4. de 70 ff., re*impr. en 1522 et en 1528." I am not aware on what authority this
mention of any edition without date is made. The Ortus Vocabulorum having been printed
by W. de Worde in 1500, as hereafter noticed, it may be supposed that he likewise pro-
duced an edition of the Promptorium about the same period as a convenient accompani-
ment. None has been found earlier than the edition of 1510, which is described by
Dibdin as the first from that press. He mentions a fine copy in the late Mr. Roger
Wilbraham's library.
a This copy is in old brown calf, and in good condition ; the Ortus Vocabulorum,
edit. 1518, precedes the Promptorium. The name " Mylles Blomefylde of Bury St.
Edmunde" is written several times on the title pages. " Myles Blomefylde owe this
booke," &c. Another copy of the Promptorium, edit. 1516, is in the Grenville Library
in the British Museum, and also one of edit. 1528. A fine clean copy of edit. 1516*
is in the Public Library at Cambridge; another is in the Bodleian, Tanner Coll. No. 271.
b See more detailed bibliographical notices in Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert, vol. iii.
p. 1775; Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. ii. pp. 88, 91, 155; Bibl. Spenc. Supp. p. 241.
CAMD. SOC. ff
xlvi PREFACE.
composed of the sun and stars, and the initials W C (William Caxton) with
interlaced Arabic numerals 74; at the bottom are a greyhound, Sagittarius,
and the name " Wynkyn de Worde" on a scroll. On the reverse — " f Incipit
prologus in libellum qui dicitur promptuarium. — Cernentibus solicite cleri-
corum," &c. as in Pynson's edition before described, and also, a few various
readings excepted, in the MSS. ; see p. 1, infra. On the second leaf,
sign. A. ij., commence " Nomina A. — ^" Incipit liber qui dicitur Promptua-
rium paruulorum siue clericorum." On the last leaf, recto, we find, after
the verbs commencing with Y, a note and two distiches relating to the
conjugations of verbs, to which immediately succeed a notice " Ad lecto-
rem. — ^[ And yf ye can not fynde a laten worde," &c. as given p. 540,
infra t and the colophon " f Ad laudem et honorem omnipotentis dei
et intemerate genitricis eius finit excellentissimum opus scolasticis anglie
quam maxime necessarium. quod merito medulla grammatices apud nos
vel paruulorum promptuarium nuncupatur. Impressum Londoniis per
wynandum de worde in vico anglice (the flete strete) appellate sub
solis intersignio commorantem. Anno domini M.ccccc.xvi. die vero v.
mensis Septembris."8
Besides the numerous editions by Wynkyn de Worde in small quarto the
Promptorium was printed in 1508 by Julian Notary in the same conveni-
ently portable form, suited for the requirements of students. A single copy
is known; it is preserved in the library of the late Bight Hon. Thomas Gren-
ville, now in the British Museum.b I cannot refrain from grateful acknow-
ledgment of his liberal courtesy in entrusting to me this and also other
precious volumes, from which I have derived no slight advantage. This
edition is mentioned by Ames, but Mr. Grenville observed, adverting to the
volume in his own possession, " I do not get trace of any other copy of it.'*
The volume consists of 73 leaves. The text appears to follow that given
by Wynkyn de Worde; the pages are printed in double columns, sign.
• It may deserve mention that the verbs are mostly printed with the termination
yn or en; in a few instances, however, with a final e, as "agyne, seneo; seyne, dico ;
atachyne," &c. or ynge, as "pargettynge walles, gipso; poyntynge, or portrayen, pingo .-"
and not unfrequently the peculiar form of the A.-Saxon gerundial infinitive, followed
in the MSS. of the Promptorium (FCC p. xlviii., infra) is laid aside; for instance we find in
W. de "Worde's edition " amende, bende bowes, consent," &c. The words written in the
MSS. with 3, and so printed by Pynson, are printed with y.
b The dimensions of the leaves in this copy are 7j inches by 5f .
PREFACE. xlvii
a ii. to n iii. On the title f. 1, " Promptorium paruulorurn clericorum," &c.
as in W. de Worde's edition before described, a woodcut is introduced
portraying the author seated at a desk. On the reverse is the prologue.
" Cernentibus," &c. On f. 2 commence the " Nomina A.— Incipit liber qui
dicitur Promptorium paruulorum sive clericorum." At the end is the
colophon, "Ad tandern, &c. Impressum per egregium Julianum nota-
rium Impressorem commorantem extra temple barre sub Intersignio Sanc-
torum trium regum, &c. Anno domini millesimo CCCCC.Octauo xii.
die Augusti." On the reverse is a woodcut measuring 5| inches by 3 inches,
being the device of the printer, a tree to which is appended a helm and an
escutcheon charged with Julian's mark and initials. Around the tree are
animals, birds, a butterfly, &c.a
A few various readings obtained from the editions by Wynkyn de
Worde and Julian Notary are indicated in the present work by the
initials (W) and (J) respectively.
I have now described, with minuteness of detail which, I fear, some
may regard as tedious, all the MSS. and printed texts of the Promp-'
torium known to me ; and these have been collated in the preparation
of the present edition. On a former occasion I stated the grounds of
preference which influenced me in selecting the Harleian MS. 221 as
the groundwork and text of the present edition, and I pointed out that
all additions are distinguished from the text by being placed within
brackets with the authority for their introduction, each word or various
reading being followed by an initial indicating the source whence it is
derived.
The contractions have been printed in extenso, with a few exceptions
where any doubt could arise ; thus the letter ft is found with the trans-
verse stroke usually indicating an e, but accompanied also by that letter, as
* Biblioth. Grrenv. p. 576 ; Dibdin, Typ. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 585. Herbert quotes it sine
anno, which seems to show that he had never seen it. I may here recall, among many kind-
nesses of a highly- valued friend, the Rev. S. R. Maitland, the communication of his dis-
covery, in 1843, of four leaves in a volume in the Lambeth library, used as fly-leaves,
and which I identified as fragments of the rare edition by Julian Notary. They are
sign, b iii. and n ii. This fragment is noticed by Dr. Maitland in his List of some of the
early printed books in the Archiepiscopal Library, 1843, p. 464, and in an Index of such
English books printed before 1600 as arc in that collection, 1 845, p. 120.
xlviii PREFACE.
for instance, in the words " dettie, tetctie." Although probably redundant,
or merely an accidental error, the contraction has been printed as in the MS.
The chief difficulty has however arisen from the frequent use of m and
n, the latter especially in the verbs, with a prolongation of the last stroke
of the letter in each instance. It should be observed, that in early typo-
graphy these letters are not uncommonly found with the like peculiarity ;
it is believed that, occasionally, in writing of the fifteenth century this
elongated minim may denote a mute final e, and, accordingly, it has been
thus indicated— m', n', or"m', n', leaving the decision in questionable cases
to those who may take interest in analysing the unsettled orthography of
the period. Whilst, however, there can be little doubt that these terminal
contractions have the power of mme, or nne, respectively, the anomalies
which occur have induced me to retain them, and especially on account of
the peculiarity in the verbs, which here claims notice.
It is worthy of remark that, though the verbs in the infinitive mood at
the time when this work was compiled were in general no longer written
with the final " n " of the Anglo-Saxon infinitive, they are here found
ending in «* yn, yn, yn', yng, en, en, en', on, one, in." Those in " yn, en,
on, and in" may possibly represent the Anglo-Saxon infinitive in "an;"
but those in " yii, yn', yn', yng, en, en', one," should seem to represent the
Anglo-Saxon gerundial infinitive in " anne" or " enne." On this subject
the following observations of Professor Bain may not be deemed out of
place : —
" In Anglo-Saxon the infinitive was formed by a suffix, and had cases
like a noun. Nom. and ace. * writ-an,' to write; dat. 'to writ-ann-e,' for
writing. This last case had the meaning of purpose, and corresponded to
what is now called the gerund. The simple form ' writ-an ' was the
same as our infinitive. When the case-endings, ' an,' ' anne,' were lost,
the sign t to ' remained, and, not only so, but was erroneously prefixed to
the other cases, of the infinitive, instead of being confined to the dative or
gerund case. By this mistake we have the same form for both applica-
tions.
" Farther, the form ' writ-an ' changed in another direction. The termi-
nation ' an ' became first « en ' and then ' ing,' thus producing the form
' writing ' as an infinitive form, which explains our having an infinitive
PREFACE. xlix
and a gerund in ' ing.' This change seems to have been facilitated by the
existence of a class of abstract nouns in * ing ' (Anglo-Saxon ung\ which
by their nature are nearly allied to the infinitive.
" To increase the confusion still farther, the imperfect participle originally
ending in ' ende,' ' ande,' — * writende,'— became a form in * ing.' Thus the
same ending in English represents four different verbal endings in Anglo-
Saxon: the infinitive, the infinitive of purpose (gerund), the verbal noun,
and the participle." *
It will be seen that, although the letter p should seem to have been
fully recognised, and it takes in the alphabetical arrangement the penulti-
mate .place assigned to it in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet, yet not unfrequently,
through inadvertence or transitional orthography, the scribe has written
1 th,' whilst in other words the proper character is represented, as it was
generally in the following century, by a y. Thus we find " Bio erye, p.
40; Erye, or erthe; Eryyn, or of the erthe," p. 141 infra, and the like.b
It has been suggested that a list of the principal MSS. and printed
authorities, mediaeval vocabularies, glossarial and grammatical compila-
tions, with many rare works which throw light on the language of the
period, would prove acceptable. The enumeration here appended includes
chiefly MSS. and printed works of reference from which I have drawn
materials for the notes. With these will be found, however, some not thus
cited, but which are of essential interest to the student of the English
literature and archaisms of the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries.
a An English Grammar, by Alexander Bain, M. A. London, 1863, p. 95 n.
b See the notes, pp. 141, 535, infra.
APPENDIX.
NOTICES OF GLOSSARIES, VOCABULARIES, AND OTHER WORKS ILLUSTRATIVE
OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND OF MEDIEVAL LATINITY, AND USED,
FOR THE MOST PART, IN THIS EDITION OF THE PROMPTORIUM.
I. MEDULLA GRAMMATICE OR GRAMMATICES. — This is the earliest Latin-
English Dictionary known to me, and it is supposed to have been compiled
by the author of the Promptorium. Oh this account, and also in con-
sideration of its value to the student of the language of the period, I
have thought it desirable to give a somewhat detailed description of the
MSS. that I have been able to discover, all of them being of the later
half of the fifteenth century, and including those in which, as previously
stated, very great modifications of the text will be found, although, as on
careful examination I have been led to suppose, they are substantially
identical with the Medulla and may properly be classed with it. See
p. xxii.
1. I have not met with any copy of earlier date than a MS. in my
own possession, obtained about 1841 from the late Mr. Rodd. It is a
small folio, containing 116 leaves of parchment, written in double columns
very legibly by two different hands ; the initials are rubricated. There
is a prologue commencing thus : — " Hec est regula generalis pro toto libro.
Omnia nomina, verbalia, et participia habent significationem verborum a
quibus descendunt secundum eorum formam et anologiam, &c. — Fructum
gramatice pueris do sub brevitate. Incipit liber intitulatus Medulla
gramatice." The dictionary then begins with — " Alma . i . virgo abscondita
vel absconsio virginitatis," and concludes — " Zonigogo, as, to gyrd vp. —
Explicit Medulla Gramatice." The date of this MS., which is in excellent
preservation and in the original wooden boards covered with leather, may
be about U60.a
a On the first of three leaves of parchment bound in at the beginning is written, in a
hand contemporary with the MS., " Brother Wylliam Barker I pray youe lett thys booke
be bounde at the vtmoste by myddyll lent and my brother shalle pay for the byndynge ;"
APPENDIX. II
2. MS. in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, shelf-
mark D. 2 ; it was entrusted to me by their kind permission through the
request of Sir Henry Ellis, to whom I acknowledge with pleasure my
frequent obligations. It is written on paper in a small clear hand, in
double columns, with initials in blue and red ; the English words also are
in red. It begins with the short prologue above noticed, but, part of the
leaf being torn away, the first lines are mutilated; this prologue ends
thus — " Et sic propter vocabulorum copiam liber iste Medulla gramatice
intitulatur." This MS. is in the original stamped binding with boards,
probably of oak ; it is doubtless the same which occurs in the list of
MSS. at Canterbury Cathedral about 1697, as " Dictionarium dictum Me-
dulla Grammaticae."8 This venerable relic of fifteenth-century learning
has been regarded with special interest on account of the addition of
numerous Anglo-Saxon words, as supposed, by Somner; the MS. of whose
Anglo-Saxon Dictionary is in the Canterbury Library. From the manner,
however, in which the Anglo-Saxon words are given, it may be inferred
that they were, at least in part, taken from some Vocabulary in Somner's
possession not his own compilation. The English portion is full, and
contains curious archaisms, including a considerable proportion of words
noticeable as retained in North-country dialects.b
'••' 3. Haii. MS. 1000. An imperfect copy, ending with the words
" Stamen est filum tele or warpe." On paper; written in a neat hand ;
late fifteenth century ; with rubrications.
4. Harl. MS. 1738. The Medulla in a very abridged form, in a clear
on the reverse is rudely sketched with the pen Our Lord rising from the Sepulchre. On
the third leaf, v°. are two short Latin poems in hexameters, the first beginning thus :
" Siccine tarn crebris frustra commentibus anglos ;" the second : " Conveniunt gallos
crebris conventibus angli." At the end : " Thys ys Rychard ysboke." It may
deserve mention that after certain words of ill omen the sign of the cross is found, thus :
Diabolus, the deuel. ££( Demon, the deuel. ^) Dis, the deuel. |X( Comicius, the
fallinge euel. ^ Epilencia, the fallinge euel. ^ Febricito, to haue the feuerus. ^
Genetarius, that vseth hore hous. ffa I have noticed occasionally a similar practice in
other MSS. of the period.
• Catal. MSS. Anglie, t. ii. p. 244; no. 7193, 33.
b I found in this volume the names probably of former possessors—" Johne Prussey
(or Prussere ?) — Thomas Wynston — This is Gilles Winston his boke. — Egideus Wynston
honyst man in the paryssh of saynt Dunstone."
Hi APPENDIX.
legible hand, on parchment and paper mixed ; imperfect. At the begin-
ning is the prologue, " Hec est regula," as above ; at the end, " Explicit
Medulla Grarnatice." Late fifteenth century.
5. Harl. MS. 2181. Another copy in abridged form, carelessly written
on parchment; late fifteenth century.
6. Harl. MS. 2257. A neatly written MS. The text seems to resemble
that of the Ortus Vocabulorum, but it contains much that is not found in
that book, nor in the Medulla in its ordinary form ; possibly an abridge-
ment of this dictionary. This is perhaps the most valuable MS. of its kind
in the British Museum, but it is unfortunately imperfect. It commences
with the word " Boletus est genus fungi," and ends with " Zona."
7. Harl. MS. 2270. Attributed in Catal. Harl. MSS. vol. ii. p. 635,
to Galfridus Grammaticus, and on the first leaf is written, but not by
a contemporary hand, — "Medulla Grammatics Galfridi." On paper;
beginning " Hec est regula generalis," &c. The first word in the dic-
tionary is " Alma;" the last is " Zozimus . . . Explicit Medulla Gramatice
Noviter."
8. Harl. MS. 6514. Imperfect; the explanations in Latin are given
more fully than in some other copies.
9. Add. MS. in Brit. Mus. 24,640. This copy, in small folio, written on
parchment, is unfortunately imperfect at the beginning and the end.a It
is otherwise in fine condition, written in a neat legible hand ; probably not
much later than the middle of the fifteenth century. There are plain
rubricated initial letters ; and some marginal additions occur which seem to
be by a nearly contemporary hand. It begins with the word " Abhomina-
rium," and the concluding word is " Hec mantica, a male." It was
purchased from Mr. J. O. Halliwell in May, 1862, and, as stated in a
note written by his hand, it had been presented to him by Mr. Hunt of
Stratford-on-Avon.b
» On the fly-leaf at the end there is the following verse : —
Anno Milleno quadringentesimo trino
Bellurn Salopie fuit in Mag. nocte marie.
The fatal battle of Shrewsbury was fought on July 23, 1403 ; the festival of St. Mary
Magdalene here referred to being July 22.
b The entry by Mr. Halliwell is as follows : " This MS. was given to me by Mr. W. O.
Hunt of Stratford on Avon, April 23 (Shakespeare's birthday) 1862. I accepted it on
the condition that I was to be at liberty to sell it, adding the proceeds to the Shakespeare
fund.— J. O. H."
APPENDIX.
liii
10. MS. in the Library of St. John's College, Cambridge, thus described
in the Catalogue by the Rev. Morgan Cowie published by the Cambridge
Antiquarian Society, 1842, 4to. p. 30 :— " C. 22. Medulla Grammatices,
4to. MS. vellum and paper, principally the latter ; with date in the same
writing as the MS. 1468. It has the name ' William Jenour,' but this
seems to be the name of the owner. It is a Latin Dictionary; the
explanation of the words in Latin." This is one of the MSS. presented
to the college by Thomas Earl of Southampton; it is stated that
they were purchased from Mr. William Crashawe, brother of the poet, a
fellow of St. John's admitted 1593.
11. MS. in the Pepysian Library, Cambridge, erroneously described
amongst Pepys' MSS., Catal. MSS. Anglise, torn. ii. p. 209, as " Dictio-
nariurn Anglo-Lat. written about A.D. 1450, fol." It is, however, a
Latin-English Dictionary, apparently a variety of the Medulla.
12. MS. in the Library at Lincoln Cathedral, written on parchment
in double columns with numerous marginal additions. It consists of
146 pages. At the end is written, " Explicit Medulla Grammatice." A
Latin-English vocabulary -of 79 pages and three other works are bound up
in the volume, the last of these being a " Liber Hymnorum" attributed to
Galfridus, the author of the Promptorium. On a fly-leaf at the beginning
is written " Gabridus (sic for Galfridus) Grammaticus author Anglus
vixit circa A D. 1490." This MS. has been cited by Bishop Tanner, Bibl.
Brit. Hib. p. 305, as an English-Latin Dictionary, namely the " Promp-
tuarium," of which he mentions the MS. in Sir Symonds d'Ewes' library
(now Harl. MS. 221), and the edition by Pynson 1499. By the courtesy
of the Eev. G. F. Apthorp I have been enabled to ascertain the real
description of this volume, which is in good preservation.* The shelf-mark
was formerly H 35, altered in 1858, when the library was rearranged, to
A 3, 15.b
a See p. xvii. ante.
b Sir Frederic Madden has pointed out Bishop Tanner's original notes regarding the
Lincoln MSS., as given in his voluminous collections now in the British Museum, and
occurring in Add. MS. 6261, ff. 143,171. As before mentioned, I have little doubt
that the slight error in the learned Bishop's account of the MS. above described may
have arisen from the title of " Medulla " being occasionally given to the Promptorium in
the printed editions.
('AMD. SOC. h
llV APPENDIX.
13. MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart. No. 8244,
formerly in Heber's library, No. 1020 ; imperfect, on paper. It contains
many English words; the last word is " Vespilio."
14. MS. in the same collection as the last. No. 8306. Bound up
with a transcript of the Promptorium described p. xl. supra. The two dic-
tionaries appear to have been written by the same hand. The Medulla
begins on p. 167. It is imperfect in several parts, and ends with " Ticio,
abrond of fyre," p. 342. On paper. From Heber's library, No 1360.
15. MS. in the Library of King Edward's Grammar School at Shrews-
bury. " Incipit liber intitulatus Medulla gramatice, v' Fructum gramatice
qu' medullam de breuitate." The shelf mark is X. 29.
16. MS. in the library of the Earl of Leicester at Holkham, Norfolk.
It is cited by Sir Frederic Madden in his glossary to Havelok, edited by
him for the Eoxburghe Club in 1828, as a Latin-English vocabulary of
the middle of the fifteenth century, and substantially the same as the
Ortus Vocabulorum.* Chiefly on paper, partly on vellum. Its resemblance
to the Medulla appears by extracts, for which I am indebted to the Eev.
R. Collyer, Hon. Canon of Norwich.
17. In the enumeration " Librorum MSS. Henrici Worseley de Hos-
pitio Lincolniensi apud Londinium," c. 1697, occurs " No. 6914.66 ;
Medulla Grammatics sive Dictionarium Latino- Anglicum." Catal. MSS.
Anglian, torn. ii. p. 213. I have not been able to trace where this copy
may now be preserved.13
II. Ortus Vocabulorum. — The first Latin-English Dictionary printed in
this country; in great measure, as it would appear, based upon the Medulla
• The name of "Sire John Mendames," parson of " Bromenstrope " (Brunsthorp)
occurring in this MS., has been supposed to be that of the writer, but it is more probably
the name of a former owner of the book. In the list of incumbents of Brunsthorp
"John Mendham occurs. He was collated in 1529, and resigned the preferment in 1532.
Blomefield's Hist, of Norf. vol. vii. p. 7.
b There existed formerly a MS. in the Chapter Library at Exeter Cathedral, thus
noticed in the brief catalogue given in Catal. MSS. Anglise, torn. ii. p. 55. " 2057-3,
Dictionarium seu Glossarium Latinum, mutilum." This MS. which, from information
formerly received, I had hoped might prove to be a copy of the Medulla, is not to be
found, as I am assured by Mr. Charles Tucker, after careful search in the depositories
of the Chapter. It is not mentioned in the short enumeration of MSS. at Exeter in
1752. See Dr. Oliver's Lives of the Bishops of Exeter, App. p. 376.
APPENDIX. lv
Grammatice last described, but with considerable modifications and addi-
tions from other sources. Although comparatively of more frequent occur-
rence than the Promptorium, it is a book of great rarity. The earliest
edition hitherto noticed is that printed in 1500 by Wynkyn de Worde in
small folio, ranging with the editio princeps of the Promptorium issued
from the press of Pynson in the previous year. It is indeed probable that
it may have been intended to supply an accompaniment to that Dictionary.
This rare editio princeps of the Ortus has not been carefully described ;
the imperfect mention by Dibdin would lead us to suppose that, having
never examined a copy, he had relied on the brief notice by Herbert
chiefly derived from the Harleian Catalogue, in which two copies are
enumerated, Nos. 5213, 5304; I have been unable to ascertain where
these may now be found.a There is, however, a copy of this first edition
among the books, chiefly M-SS., bequeathed by Junius to the Bodleian; it
is thus described in Tanner's Catalogue of that precious lexicographical
collection. — " Hortns Vocabulorum, Impr. Lond. 1500, per Wynkyn de
Worde, intersparsis 01. Junii notis.'1 Catal. MSS. Anglise, t. i. p. 251.
The following description has been taken from a fine copy of this edition
in the British Museum, in the Grenville Library.
Fo. 1 recto. — " ^[ Ortus. Vocabulorum " — the lower portion of the page
being blank.
Fo. 1 verso. — " ^[ Prologus in lib ruin qui ortus Vocabulorum dicitur
feliciter incipit."
" Ut etenim multos (nostre precipue nationis anglicos : qui igitur quam
procul a latio vbi roma est in orbis angulo sumus constituti dicimur) bona-
rum artium studiosos ex latinarum dicctionum difficultate illarum signifi-
cationum se inscios censentes non solum magno tedio affici : verum studia
ex quibus summos magistratus emolimentum vtique maximum adipisce-
rentur paruifacere iutellexerim : multorum rogacionibus ad hoc exile opus
diuersis ex auctoribus collect urn vigil anterque correctum imprimendum
sum coactus quern propterea quod in eo fructuum copia reperiri possit or-
tum vocabulorum appellari decreuimus : omnes igitur, . . . . " Ending —
"p. primam conjugationem. s. secundam. t. tertiam. q'. quartam significat."
* Herbert, Typ. Ant., vol. i. p. 136, Dibdin, vol. ii. p. 88. It is described by the
last-named author as in quarto, like the subsequent editions by VV. de Worde, instead
of folio.
Ivi APPENDIX.
The dictionary commences on fo. 2, in two columns, sign. Aij. to
QQiiij., preceded by the leaf forming the title. The whole work consists
of 266 leaves, measuring 10§ by 1\ inches. There are running headings —
" A ante B ' and so forth ; each of the first six pages has also at the top,
in the middle of the page, the word " Vocabulorum," and the six following
have " Ortus " (twice printed " Oortus"); after these, this heading is
discontinued.
On fo. 266 recto, the dictionary concludes in the second column with the
word lt Zucara re. quedam species, anglice sugere ;" after which is the
following colophon : —
" Adest iste studiosissime lector opuscuJi finis quod non minus precep-
toribus vt vocabulorum significaciones memorie commendat quam scolas-
ticis ceterisque studiosis eas ignorantibus conducet. omnium enim vocabu-
lorum significiones (see) que in Catholicon Breuiloquo a Cornucopia b aut
Medulla grammatice ponuntur continet. quum igitur summa diligentia sit
collectum vigilantique studio correctum vt magis in lucem prodiret ipsum
a viris studiosis comparandum esse constat. Per virum laudabilem ciuem
prouidum magistrum Winandum de worde prope celeberrimum monaste-
riumquod Westmynstre appellatur. Annp incarnacionis dominice. M.CCCCC.
impressum."
Under this colophon there is a small woodcut of the device of Wynkyn
de Worde, being that given among the devices of that printer, with the
initials of Caxton and the Arabic numerals 74, Dibd. Typ. Ant., vol. ii. p.
30, No. II.C This cut measures 1| inch by 1^ inch.
Mr. Grenville's note in this choice volume is as follows : " This first
edition is so rare that it was sold to me as a unique copy, but, according to
Dibdin's Typog. Antiq. the Harleian Catalogue specifies two copies. I have
never seen or heard where they are to be found."d
a Sic. " Breviloquio "in edit. 1518. " Vocabularius Breviloquus;" Du Cange, Prsef.
§41.
b There is here no mention of the " Gemma Vocabulorum," as in the colophon in
subsequent editions.
c It may be remarked that the woodcut in the rare volume above described has the
background, not black as in Dibdin's lac-similes, but speckled with white dots. It mea-
sures If by 1} inch.
d There was an imperfect copy of this edition in Mr. Roger Wilbraham's library ;
the first and the last leaf, however, being lost. Dibdin, who seems, as previously observed,
APPENDIX. Ivii
The text in this editio princeps varies considerably from that of the later
editions which I have seen. In some instances, errors of the press seem to
have been corrected ; in others, the earlier edition is more accurate than the
later, and a large number of hexameter lines illustrating the meaning of
Latin words, here introduced with the heading " Versus," are not found in
subsequent editions ; these reprints do not appear in other respects to have
undergone any material abridgment.
The edition printed by Pynson in 1509, is not less rare than that of
1500 by W. de Worde. The following description has been taken from a
copy in the King's Library in the British Museum. It was in Herbert's
collection in 1773. It is a small 4to. measuring 7-| by 5 ; Sign. 3 iii.
is wanting. Fo. 1. Title partly printed in red.
" Ortus vocabulorum Alphabetico ordine fere omnia que in Catholicon :
Breuiloquo : Cornucopia : Gemma vocabulorum atque Medulla gramma-
tice ponuntur, cum vernacule lingue Anglicane expositione continens. Non
immerito ortus vocabulorum nuncupatus : quia sicut in hortulis florum,
herbarum, atque fructuum copia reperiuntur, quibus corpora roborantur,
atque spiritus recreantur : ita et in hoc opere diuersa continental vocabula,
tyrunculis et ad disciplinarum studia anhelantibus accommoda : quibus et
ipsi animum excolant, orationes ornent, ac tandem in doctissimos viros (sz
modo fata sinant) euadant. Et si per obliuionem (quod et sepe vsu venire
solef) ob multitudinem vocabulorum aliqua in aliis operibus, ab auctoribus
pretermissa fuerint : aut dictionum significantie cum opus fuerit, non sta-
tim introire occurrerint ad hoc opus confugiant ; et ibidem per alphabeti
ordinem (yt paulo ante diximus) quecunque optauerint, facile inuenient.
Cuius etiam generis, atque inflectionis, si nomina sint Cuius vero generis,
atque coniugationis, si sint verba, littere cuique dictioni subiuncte, edocent.
Opus sane omnibus ad artes, atque scientias anhelantibus vtile atque condu-
never to have seen the edition of 1500 (in perfect state), supposed that this book had
been printed by W. de Worde about the close of the fifteenth century, and that it
might be the editio princeps of the Ortus, ranging with Pynson's folio Promptorium. In
its present state this copy consists of 264 leaves, measuring 10 inches by 7^ inches; it com-
mences with Sign. A. ii. — " A est nomen prime littere," and ends, " Zinta)a,...i. parva
inusca, culex, f. p.," on the leaf following Sign. QQ. iiii. Dibdin recognised the type
as the earliest used by \V. de Worde and discontinued about 1510. This book was
presumed to be unique.
Iviii APPENDIX.
cibile. precipue tamen ob Anglicani sermonis expositionem region! Anglie
summe necessarium. Currite igitur Anglici omnes : et paruis ne parcite
nummis. Cum poterit paruo : tale volumen emi.
" ^[ Yenundatur London,, in vico nuncupate Fletestrete : sub intersignio
sancti Georgii : ab Bichardo Pynson Impressore Regio^
This title is printed in black and red, the latter being here indicated
by Italics, and in a singular fashion described by Herbert as " the form of
a jelly glass ;" the heading '« Ortus vocabulorum " is a long narrow wood-
cut of the full width of the page, and printed in red, the letters being
white.
Fo. 1 verso. The well known woodcut of the magister seated under a
canopy at a desk, on which is a large book; three other books and a penner
and inkhorn lie on the base of this lectrinum?
Fo. 2, (Sign. A. ij.) commencement of the Dictionary. " A est nomen
prime litere latine generis neutri," — ending " Zucara e. quedam species.
Anglice. sugere f. p."
f Finis
" Laus summo regi dicatur vocibus oris
Quod iam non cesset merces condigna laboris."
On the last leaf, recto, is the following colophon : —
" ^[ Adest studiosissimi lectores opusculi finis : quod non minus precep-
toribus (vt vocabulorum significationes memorie commendent) quam scho-
lasticis : ceterisque studiosis eas ignorantibus conducet : omnium enim
vocabulorum significationes que in Catholicon : Breuiloquo : Cornucopia :
Gemma vocabulorum : aut Medulla grammatice ponuntur, continet. Quum
igitur summa diligentia sit collectum, vigilantique studio correctum. vt
magis in lucem prodiret : ipsum a viris studiosis, comparandum esse con-
stat. Per virum autem laudabilem ac ciuem prouiduni Henricum Jacobi
prope nouam scholam ac celeberrirnam diui Pauli Apostoli ecclesiam, com-
morantem.
Impressum London, per Kichardum Pynson Regium Impressorem.
Commorantem in vico nuncupato Fletestrete : sub intersignio sancti
Georgii. Anno incarnationis Dominice M.ccccc.ix. vndecimo kalendas
Septembris."
a At the top of this page is the autograph " Wm Herbert, 1773."
APPENDIX. lix
Verso, woodcut device of Pynson, with his monogram on an escutcheon
ensigned with a helm and crest. a
Of subsequent editions by Wynkyn de Worde in small 4to., ranging as
before observed with those of the Promptorium issued from the same press,
and doubtless intended to be bound up with them, I may describe that of
1514 as an example.
The title, fo. 1, recto, is as follows : —
" ^[ Ortus vocabulorum Alphabetico ordine fere omnia que in Catho-
licon, Breuiloquo, Cornucopia, Gemma vocabulorum, atque Medulla gram-
matice ponuntur, cum perpulcris additionibus Asceii.b et vernacule Angli-
cane expositionem continens. Londini impressus per wynandum de worde,
ac in vrbe in parrochia Sancte Brigide (in the fletestrete) ad signum solis
moram trahentem." In the lower part of the page is the device of the
printer, with the initials of Caxton and interlaced numerals 74. On fo. 1,
verso, we find the prologue given above — " Ut etenim multos," &c.
On the last leaf, verso, is the following colophon : —
f Finis.
" IT Adest studiosissimi lectores opusculi finis :...." (as in edit, of
1500) "omnium enim vocabulorum significationes que in Catholicon, Bre-
uiloquo, Cornucopia, Gemma vocabulorum, aut Medulla grammatice po-
nuntur continet .... Impressum London, per wynandum de worde com-
morantem in vico nuncupate (the fletestrete) sub intersignio Solis. Anno
incarnacionis Dominice. M.ccccc.xiiii. die vero. xv. Februarii."
The dictionary is printed in double columns; sign. A. 1 1 to LL. iij. ; the
leaves measure nearly 7^ by 5^ inches.
a The rarity of these early books is so great, that a few examples of variations in the
text may be acceptable. In edit. 1500 I find — " Abamita est soror aui (angl* my fathers
aunte;" in edit. 1509..." an aunte)." Edit. 1500, " Ciniflo, qui flat in cinere, vel qui
preparat puluerem muliebrem, (angl. aske fyste, a fyre blawer or a yrne hotter)" edit.
1500 ; edit. 1509, "askye fyster, a fyre blawer, or a yren heter." Edit. 1500, " Colonia,
a stypell, vel nomen proprium ciuitatis vel regionis;" edit. 1509, ..."id est proprium
nomen...colen." Edit. 1500, " Dinodacio...a lawsynge;" edit. 1509. .."a lousynge."
Edit. 1500, "Fena (sic)...quedam bestia valde timida scilicet cerua, (anglice, a shoo
harte)1' edit. 1509, " Felena...a she harte," &c.
b This reference to additions from the works of the eminent scholar, Ascensius,
father-in-law of Robert Stephens, does not occur in the title in either of the previous
editions, and it is not found in that of 1518.
Ix APPENDIX.
Besides the editions issued from the press of Wynkyn de Worde, two
printed in France, and not mentioned by Dibdin or other bibliographers,
remain to be noticed. The first of these was printed for Jaques Cousin, of
Rouen, in 1520. The only copy known to me is in the Grenville Library
in the British Museum. In dimensions and general arrangement, the book
closely resembles the small quartos by W. de Worde ; on the first leaf is
introduced a woodcut of the arms of the city of Rouen, the escutcheon is
supported by two rams, and over it on a scroll is the motto " In te iesu
spes mea." On the field of the escutcheon appear the printer's initials,
and under it is a scroll inscribed " Jaques : cousin." The title is as
follows, printed at the head of the page, over the woodcut : —
" <ir Ortus vocabulorum Alphabetico ordine fere omnia que in Catholico.
Breuiloquio. Cornucopia. Gemma vocabulorum atque Medulla grammatice
ponuntur, cum vernacule lingue Anglicane expositione continens : nouiter
Impressus Anno salutis vicesimo supra millesimum et quingentesimum.
Die vero vicesima septima mensis Junii."
On the reverse of the leaf is found the " Prologus," as before. The
dictionary is printed in double columns, Sign. A. ii. to LL. iii. On the
reverse of the last leaf is the colophon : —
" Adest studiosissimi . , . . Quuin igitur summa diligentia sit collectum
vigilantique studio correctum : vt mains in lucem prodiret : ipsum a viris
studiosis comparandum esse constat. Impressum. Per Magistrum Petruni
Oliuier optimis caracteribus. Anno salutis christiane vigesimo supra
millesimum et quingentesimum Die vero quinta mensis Octobris."a
Dimensions, 7§ inches by 5 inches. Mr. Grenville observed that this
edition is not mentioned by Panzer, Maittaire, or in any work which he
had seen.
The second edition, to which allusion has been made as produced on the
continent, was likewise printed at Rouen, at the joint costs of a bookseller
of that city and of another, John Gachet, «* mercatoris librarii," as he is
elsewhere designated, and who appears to have carried on his trade at
* A missal of Salisbury use is mentioned in Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert, printed at
Rouen in 1521 by Peter Oliver for Jaques Cousin. I am unable to account for the
discrepancy in date which may be noticed in the colophon as compared with the title,
unless we may suppose that the printing commenced on June 27, and that nearly four
months were required for its completion.
APPENDIX. Ixi
Hereford possibly, and at York.a A single copy has been noticed, which
came in 1862 from the Hengwrt library, Merionethshire, into the posses-
sion of Mr. Kerslake, of Bristol, to whom I am indebted for permission to
examine this valuable book.b The title commences as before given, and
it concludes thus : —• " Impressum Rothomagi per Eustachium Hardy.
Impensis honestorum virorum Johannis Caillard librarii Rothomagi moram
trahentis. et Johannis Gachet Herfordensis commorantis Anno incarna-
tionis dominice Millesimo quingentesimo decimoseptimo incipit feliciter."
A small woodcut of the Annunciation is introduced at the bottom of the
page. In the colophon is likewise found the date 1517, " die vero pentil-
tima mensis Maii." On the last page there is a large woodcut ot
St. George and the arms of England. This unique volume is in the
original stamped binding, probably English ; on one of the sides are figures
of St. John the Evangelist, St. Barbara, St. Catharine, and St. Nicholas.
The following names of former possessors occur, — " Thomas Heapey. —
Thomas Keteylby owith this booke. — Iste liber pertinet ad Thomam
Ketylby." After the colophon there are woodcuts of the Greek letters,
strangely formed, with the heading, " Sequitur figura alphabet! greci."
The book is well printed and in fine condition ; sign. A iiii. to T T ii. ; di-
mensions 7 1 inches by 5|. The text appears to follow that of the
a John Gachet appears to have been established hi 151 6 at York; he there pursued
his calling near the Minster. Herbert possessed a copy of a folio edition of the York
Missal with the following title : — " Missale ad usum celeberrime ecclesie Eboracensis,
optimis caracteribus recenter Impressum, cura peruigili maximaque lucubratione, mendis
quam pluribus emen datum. Sumptibus et expensis Johannis Gachet, mercatoris librarii
bene meriti, juxtta prefatam ecclesiam commorantis anno domini decimo sexto supra
millesimum et quingentessimum. Die vero quinta Februarii completum atque per-
fectum." Ames1 Typ. Ant. by Herbert, vol. iii. p. 1437; Maittaire, Ann. Typ., Index,
vol. i. p. 74. Herbert notices also (p. 1438) a Breviary of York use, " in preclara
Parrhisiensi academia in edibus videlicet Francisci Regnault impressum, ac expensis
honesti viri Joannis Gascheti, in predicta Eboracensi civitate commorantis," 1526; and
a York Processional printed " Impensis Johannis Gachet, librarii Ebor. 1530." See
Gough's Brit. Top. vol. ii. p. 425.
b Within the cover is pasted a book-label — " R. Wmes Vaughan, Hengwrt," — being
that of Sir Robert Williames Vaughan, Bart., of Nanney, co. Merioneth, who died in
1859. His valuable collection of MSS. has come into the possession of W. W. E. Wynne,
Esq. M.P. of Peniarth.
CAMD. SOC. i
Ixii APPENDIX.
editions by Wjnkyn de Worde, and it is of the same small quarto form as
that of so many grammatical works from his press.
Having described the various editions of the Ortus Vocabulorum, a com-
pilation which may be placed amongst the most rare and instructive books
of its class and period in any country, it may suffice to notice briefly the
^•ammatical and lexicographical treatises from which materials for the
work were obtained. I have already pointed out that considerable assis-
tance may have been derived from the dictionary, precisely analogous in
character, attributed by Bale and other writers to the author of the Promp-
torium, namely the " Medulla Grammatice," to which the compiler in the
Prologue of the Ortus acknowledges his obligations. We here find like-
wise enumerated the " Catholicon," of which some notice has been pre-
viously given (see p. xxiii. ante) ; a compendium also of that voluminous
work entitled " Breviloquus " or " Vocabularius Breviloquus," attributed to
Guarinus, probably the learned grammarian of Verona, at the close of the
fourteenth century ;a the " Cornucopia" by Nicolas Perotti; b and the " Gem-
ma Vocabulorum," a dictionary which appears, by the number of editions
printed at Antwerp, the Hague, Strasburgh, and elsewhere, to have been
highly esteemed.0 On comparison of a copy of a Latin- German dictionary
in my own possession, printed at Strasburgh, 1508, and entitled " Voca-
bularius Gemma gemmarum," I find its contents for the most part iden-
tical with those of the Ortus, with the exception that English words are
a It was printed at Basle as early as 1480, and at Strasburgh in 1491. Of the Bre-
viloquus, see Fabric. Bibl. Med.et Inf. Lat., t. iii. pp. 119, 120; Du Cange, Gloss., prsef.
§51.
b Du Cange, utsitpra, § 52. The " Cornucopia, sive lingue Latine commentarii," was
frequently printed; the first edition being that given at Venice in 1489.
c Du Cange, praef. § 51, notices the Gemma Vocabulorum published at Deventer in
1502, or, according to Maittaire, Ann. Typ., t. i. p. 728, in 1500. There may, how-
ever, have been more than one such work, somewhat similar in title and not readily
to be distinguished. Among MSS. bequeathed by Junius to the Bodleian occurs —
" Gemma Gemmarum, Dictionarium Latino-Germanicum." Catal. MSS. Angl., t. i. p.
252. We find the " Vocabularius optimus Gemma Vocabulorum dictus; editio aucta
sub titulo Gemma Gemmarum ;" Argent. 1505, and also an edition printed at the same
place in 1518, " Dictionarium quod Gemma Gemmarum vocant," &c. but called " Voca-
bularius Gemma gemmarum " in the colophon. Panzer and Brunet cite several editions
also of the " Vocabulorum Gemmula," the two earliest being those printed at Antwerp in
1472 and 1487.
APPENDIX. Ixiii
found in the latter in place of German. In the title of the edition of the
Ortus in 1514, described p. lix. supra, we find these authorities combined
" cum perpulcris additionibus Asceii " (? for Ascensii, or Ascensianis),
to which no allusion is made in the earlier editions. Jodocus Ascensius,
father-in-law of the eminent scholar and lexicographer Robert Stephens,
was a writer of considerable note at the period of the revival of learning.
It may not easily be ascertained from which of his treatises these perpulcrce
additiones were selected to augment the Ortus. The " frugiferae annota-
tiones " of Ascensius enriched, as we are informed, the highly- esteemed
Lexicon by Calepin in 1525.a
I have sought in vain to ascertain who may have been the compiler of
this Latin-English dictionary ; to which I have been desirous to invite
attention as a work of considerable interest, and from its rare occurrence
comparatively unknown to the student of either mediaeval language or
antiquities. It will be seen, however, from the foregoing observations that
in the preparation of the Ortus, the earliest work of its class printed in
England, the most erudite authorities available at the period had been
consulted.
The following enumeration of editions of the Ortus Vocabulorum may
be acceptable in default of accurate notices of the work by bibliographical
writers.
1500. W. de Worde; folio.— Harl. Catal. nos. 5213,5304; Grenv.
Libr. Brit. Mus.; copy with notes by Junius among his MSS. in the
Bodleian ; imperfect copy in Mr. Wilbraham's Library.
1508. W. de Worde; 4to.— Harl. Catal. nos. 15169, 15170.
1509 Pynson; 4to. — Herbert's copy, in the King's Library, British
Museum.
1511. W. de Worde ; 4to.— Thorpe's Catal. in 1843, described as the
only copy known ; imperfect copy in possession of Albert Way.
a An account of the literary labors of Ascensius is given by Maittaire, Vit. Stepha-
norum, pp. 17, 109. His treatises " De Epistolis " and " De Orthographia Latinoruin
dictionum " were included in a collection published in 1501, to which he prefixed a pre-
face " ex officina nortra litteraria in Parrhis. Lutetia." Another of his works, the "Voca-
bulorum Interpretatio," may be found in the Opus Grammaticum of Sulpitius Verulanus,
printed by Pynson, 1505, and stated to be "cum textu Ascensiano recognito et aucto."
Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. i. p. 403.
Ixlv APPENDIX.
1514. W. de Worde; 4to.— Grenv. Libr.; and Gen. Libr. Brit. Mus.
Heber Catal. part vi. lot. 2583; copy, slightly imperfect, in possession of
Albert Way.
1516. W. de Worde, 4to.— Heber Catal. part vi. lot 2584. Maittaire,
t. II. p. 294.
1517. Eustace Hardy, Kouen, for Job. Caillard and Job. Gachet; 4to. —
See p. Ix. supra ; formerly in the Hengwrt library.
1518. W. de Worde; 4to.— Mr. Wilbraham's library; copy from
Heber's library in possession of Sir Frederic Madden.
1520. Peter Olivier, Kouen, for Jaques Cousin; 4to. — Grenv. Libr.
Brit. Mus.
1528. W. de Worde; 4to.— Gen. Libr. Brit. Mus.
1532. W. de Worde, 4to.— Gen. Libr. Brit. Mus; copy in possession
of Mr. Henry Huth.
1533. W. de Worde ; 4to.— Ames' Typ. Ant. by Herbert.
(3.) " Catholicon in Lingua materna." — The valuable English-Latin
Dictionary, frequently cited in the notes to this edition of the Prompto-
rium as the " Catholicon Anglicum," is a MS. which was kindly confided
to me in 1841 by Lord Monson, as before stated.* Its contents are
wholly distinct from those of the Promptorium ; the nouns, verbs, and
other parts of speech are arranged consecutively in alphabetical order,
instead of forming, as in the Promptorium, a Nominate and a Verlale.
The MS. consists of 16 "quaterni," or 192 leaves; dimensions 8f inches
by 6. At the end of the Dictionary, which forms 183 leaves, are the fol-
lowing note and colophon :
'* Nota. — Quum ad utilitatem et comodum singulorum, in grammatica
precipue proficere cupiencium, hanc brevem et summariam tabulam
extractam de tabula prescripta Catholicon breviter nuncupatur in linguam
maternam, Deo disponente, disposui, sic jam proferre respicienti seu
studenti, supplicans si qua in ea reprehensione digna invenerit, aut corrigat,
aut oculis clausis pertranseat, aut saltern humane ignorancie imputet.
TT Sed inquirendo quisque prudenter caveat, turn de variacione linguarum
* See Advertisement, p. x. I recall with pleasure that my attention was directed to this
remarkable MS. by a valued friend at Lincoln, the late Mr. E. J. "VVillson, by whom it
had been cited as explanatory of a few architectural terms.
APPENDIX. Ixv
diversarum, turn de translacione diversorum verborum Latinorum in
linguam maternam transformandorum.
IT Et quicquid inferius offendero, mihi parcat socialis dileccio. Amen.
Corpus scribentis benedicat lingua legentis.
Explicit Catholicon in lingua materna. Anno domini 1483."
I have found no clue to the author ; the dialectical peculiarities seem to
indicate that it was compiled in the North- Eastern parts of England ;
amongst names of places occurring in it, besides London, Salisbury, Bath,
Oxford and Cambridge, I notice Norwich, Lincoln, York, Richmond,
Ripon, Durham, and Carlisle ; no other places in the North- Western coun-
ties, however, are found. The chief authors and Latin works cited are
Virgil, Ysidore, Papias, Brito, Hugutio, the Catholicon, the Doctrinale,
the gloss on the Liber Equivocorum (by John de G'arlandia) ; many hexa-
meter verses also are given from some popular grammatical work, possibly
by that writer. A fenny district may have been familiar to the author, since
amongst other words we find sedge and sedge hill, rush and rush hill,
namely, as I imagine, the stack or pile of sedge or rushes ; also reed and
reed bed, fen, marsh, " natte " and " uatte " maker, li schergrysse,
carex" "jonkett for fish, nassa" &c. On the reverse of the last leaf is
the following indication of a former owner: — " Liber Thome Flowre Succ'
ecclesie Cathedralis beate Marie Lincoln. Anno domini M.ccccc.xx."a
This venerable relic of mediaeval learning is in very perfect condition.
Its value as a memorial of the state of our language at the period can
scarcely be too highly estimated, and it is probable the MS. may be the
author's holograph.5 At the end is found a Latin and English list of terms
of consanguinity commencing " Hie pater, a fader," &c.
(4.) I am indebted to Sir Frederic Madden for pointing out to me
another copy of the English- Latin Dictionary last described, written as he
a I do not find the sub-chanter Thomas Flower in the Fasti of Lincoln. John Flower
occurs amongst the prebendaries of that church in 1571. The owner of the MS. above
described may have been of Lincoln College, Oxford ; Thomas Flower was one of the
proctors of the university in 1519. Le Neve, edit. Hardy, vol. iii. p. 486.
b Some curious indications occur of popular notions, which may give a clue to the
country where the author lived. We find the belief in the Ignis fatuus, which is still
rife in some fenny districts, here shewn by the word " Hobb Trusse, hie prepes, hie ne-
gotius." In some parts of England the Will o' the wisp is known as " Hob and his
Lantern," or " Hob-thrush ;" Ang. Sax. thyrs. Brockett gives "Hob thrust," North
country dialect. Again, we find " Sterne slymc, assub,"" the jelly (trcmella) projected
Ixvi APPENDIX.
supposed about 1450. Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 15,562. It was purchased
at the sale of Newman's collection by Messrs. Sotheby in 1845, and is
unfortunately imperfect, beginning "... calumpniari" &c. an accusere,
hie accusator" and ending, f. 142 vo. "Wrathe, /ra," &c. On paper.
The various readings are numerous and of value : the text is, however,
mostly the same as that of Lord Monson's MS.
(5.) Latin-English Vocabulary, attributed to William Inggram, a
monk of Christ- Church, Canterbury. Harl. MS. 1587 ; which contains
other treatises of^the same class.
(6.) Latin-English Vocabulary, Brit. Mus. MS. Reg. 17 C. xvii.f. 21 r°.,
edited by Mr. T. Wright in his volume of Vocabularies published at the
expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer, p. 185. Early xv. cent. In the same
MS. may be found another similar list ; f. 38.
(7.) Latin-English Vocabulary, xv. cent. Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 25,238 ;
purchased from Lord Robert Montagu, in June, 1863. The words are
classed by subjects, beginning — " Hie pater, hie genitor, a Fadur," &c. On
paper, 58 leaves.
(8.) Latin-English Vocabulary by Nicholas de Munshulle, a writer not
noticed by Leland, Bale, or Pits. Bishop Tanner designates him " Anglus
Grammaticus insignis. Scripsit de generibus nominum, sive nominale,
cum interpretatione Anglica, — * Hie Deus, Anglice Gode.' — MS. Bibl.
Coll. Trin. Oxon. B. 1, 10. MS. Bibl. Bodl. super A. 1, art. 93. De
conjugationibus, &c. verborum, sive verbale : Pr. — labo, bas, avi, atum in
supinis, to glyde. MS. ibid." Tanner, Bibl. Brit. Hib. p. 537. Coxe,
Catal. Codd. MSS. Coll. S. Trin., No. xiv. I am uncertain whether this
according to popular belief from the stars, as noticed hereafter, p. 474. Reference to
the noisy flights of wild fowl frequent in Lincolnshire or Holderness is probably found in
" Gabriell rache, hie carnation:" Ratche signifies a hound; see p. 422, infra. Bishop
Kennett states in his Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, that " in Staffordshire the
coaliers going to their pits early in the morning hear the noise of a pack of hounds in
the air, to which they give the name of Gabriel's Hounds, tho' the more sober and
judicious take them duly to be wild geese making this noise in their flight." Hollo way
gives, in his Provincial Dictionary, " Gabble ratchets, birds which make a great noise iu
the air in the spring evenings (North).'1
APPENDIX. Ixvii
nominate is identical with the " Glossarium Latino- Anglicum " amongst
the Bodleian MSS. No. 2562, 67 ; Catal. MSS. Anglise, t. 1, p. 135,
where a list of the principal subjects under which the words in the MS.
are classed may be found.
(9.) " Nominale sub compendio compilatum tarn de fixis quam de mo-
bilibus ;" Latin-English Vocabulary, xv. cent., in the collection of Mr.
Joseph Mayer ; edited by Mr. T. Wright in his Volume of Vocabularies,
before noticed, p. 206. This nominate is very full, and more instructive
than any compilation of its class that I have seen.
(10.) Pictorial Latin-English Vocabulary, in Lord Londesborough's
Library ; it contains illustrative sketches which are copied in the edition
of this curious nominale given by Mr. T. Wright in his Volume of
Vocabularies, before noticed, p. 244. Date xv. cent.
(11.) Vocabulary of names of plants alphabetically arranged, Latin,
French, and English, xv. cent. Brit. Mus. Sloane MS. No. 5. — Compare
a similar list in three languages, but less full, Harl. MS. 978, f. 24 v°.,
which appears to have been written about 1265 ; it has been edited by Mr.
T. Wright in his Volume of Vocabularies, before noticed, p. 139. Com-
pilations of this class are numerous and deserving of attention ; I may
mention Latin-English lists of plants, Sloane MSS. 347, 3548, &c. In
the curious " Practica" of a skilful physician of the time of Edward III.,
John Arderne of Newark, a list of plants is given in French and English.
Sloane MSS. 56, 2002, Harl. MS. 549. In Arundel MS. 42 may be
found an Alphabet of Plants that contains curious matter on the virtues
of herbs, with incidental notices. The author mentions his garden "by
Stebenhythe by syde London," and relates that he brought a bough of
cypress with its apples from Bristol " into Estbriztlond," fresh in Septem-
ber, to show that it might be propagated by slips ; f. 68 v°. A Dictionary
of plants exists also in Reg. MS. 18 A. vi.a Of the earlier Herbaria and
Glossaries see the " Leech doms, &c., of Early England," edited by the
Rev. 0. Cockayne, for the Chronicles, &c., published under the direction
of the Master of the Rolls.
a Of the popular treatise attributed to .flSmilius Macer, a translation was made,
according to Bishop Tanner and Warton, by John Lelamar or Lelarmoure, master of
Ixviii APPENDIX.
(12.) " Liber Equivocorum vocabulorum," by John de Garlandia. —
Amongst grammatical treatises by this author, of whom some account has
been given pp. xxvi. — xxxii. supra, this and the " Synonyma " claim no-
tice on account of the English words occurring in the commentary or
" expositio," attributed to the author of the Promptorium. There are
numerous MSS. of both works, of which also several editions were printed
by Wynkyn de Worde and Pynson; See Herbert, and Dibdin, Typ. Ant.
vol. ii. pp. 96, 406. I have consulted chiefly the edition by W. de Worde,
Lond. 1499. As a specimen of the work and of the accompanying expo-
sitio by Galfridus, the learned recluse of Lynn, I may cite the following
curious passage : —
" Fungus boletus et fungus dicitur ales.
" ^[ Hie docet autor quod fungus habet duas significationes. Nam fun-
gus id est boletus : anglice paddokstole. Vel est quedam avis anglice an
ostrich : quia ut aliqui dicunt est ilia qui comedit ferrum .i. ferreos claves :
anglice horsenayles. ^f Fungus dicitur a fungor, fungeris, secundum
vocem : sed a defungor, defungeris, secundum significationem, defungor
id est mori, quia comedentes fungos, sicut plures faciunt in partibus trans-
marinis, sepius moriuntur. Unde Marcialis cocus, —
Defunctos fungis hominis mateme negabis,
Boleti leti causa fuere tui."
(13). " Synonyma," by John de Garlandia. — This work, formerly, as
was also that last mentioned, in high esteem for instruction of scholars,
has been already noticed. See p. xvii , supra. I have made use chiefly
of the edition by W. de Worde, 1500, "cum expositione magistri Gal-
fridi Anglici," namely, the author of the Promptorium, whose commentary
Hereford School, about 1373; Sloane MS. 5. A version printed by Robert Wyer,
without date, describes this Herbal as "practys'd by Doctor Lynacre." See Ames's Typ.
Ant. p. 158.
a It may deserve notice that the " Poetria nova," ascribed by Pits to Galfridus Gram-
maticus, as stated p. xviii. supra, but probably written by Gaifridus Vinesauf, as Bishop
Tanner observes, seems to have been regarded at this time as a production of the former.
Under the word " sanguis " is the explanation — " est idem quod progenies. Unde Gal-
fridus in Poetria, autor istius libri, — Egregius sanguis te con fert Bartholomei." If this
passage, however, may be taken as referring to the Friar of Lynn, it is obvious that we
must ascribe it to some later commentator, by whom additions were made to his expositio.
APPENDIX.
on this treatise is mentioned by Bale and Pits. The " Synonyma," and
likewise the " Equivoca," are written in hexameter verse, the former com-
mencing—
" Ad mare ne videar latices deferre cammino."
The Expositio by Galfridns Grammaticus begins, as given by Bale —
" IT Cum omnis libri divisio sit utilis," &c.
(14.) " Vocabula Magistri Stanbrigii." — John Stanbridge, a native of
Northamptonshire educated at Winchester, fellow of New College 1481,
took active part in establishing early grammar schools .; he was author of
treatises long in estimation. Of these his Latin- English Vocabulary in
hexameter verse with interlinear English explanations most deserves notice ;
it was printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1500, 4to. ; seven editions issued
subsequently from his press, the latest in 1532. Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. ii.
p. 91. Another Latin-English Vocabulary, " Vulgaria Stanbrigii," with
phrases, &c. was printed by W. de Worde, without date. Of the author,
see Bale, Pits, Tanner, and Ant. Wood. Robert Whyttynton of Lich-
field, " Protovates Anglice" whose numerous grammatical works are
described by Dibdin, vt sup. p. 173 — ?03, was one of Stanbridge's scho-
lars.
(15.) " Vulgaria," by William Herman. — This author, from whose
quaint sentences and phrases in English and Latin many illustrations have
been cited in the notes to the Promptorium, was a native of Salisbury,
educated at Winchester, Fellow of New College, 1477, Head-master and
Vice-provost of Eton, where he died in 1535.a The first edition of his
"Vulgaria Pueromm" was printed by Pynson in 1519, in small 4to. ;b
and reprinted by Wynkyn de Worde in 1530.c I may cite a remarkable
sentence as a specimen of this singular work. It occurs sign. O. ij. edit, by
Pynson. — " The prynters haue founde out a crafte to make bokis by brasen
a Atheme Oxon. ; Tanner, Bibl. Brit. Hib., p. 412; Fuller's Worthies, &c. Ac-
cording to Bale and Pits, Horman vas not of Oxford, but of King's College, Cambridge.
See Cooper's Athense Cantabr. vol. . p. 51.
b Described fully by Herbert, Typ. Ant. vol. i. p. 265; Dibdin, vol. ii. p. 480.
c Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. ii. p. 286, from a copy in Mr. Johnes' library; there is a
copy of this edition in the British Museum and another at Althorp.
CAMD. SOC. k
Ixx APPENDIX.
letters sette in ordre by a frame. Calcographi artem excogitauenmt im-
primendi libros qua literse formis sereis excudunt."
(16.) Withal's Short Dictionary. — Herbert, who remarks that this is a
vocabulary rather than a dictionary, notices an edition, without date, " Im-
printed in the late house of William Caxton " by "Wynkyn de Worde ;
4to. Typ. Ant. t. i. p. 293. It is an English-Latin Vocabulary, " ga-
thered especially out of Columel, Grapald, and Plinie," as stated in its
title. This popular little work was reprinted by Berthelet in 1554 and
1559, and by H. Wykes in 1567; it was revised by Lewis Evans and
printed by T. Purfoot in 1572; and, having been corrected by Fleming, it
was again put forth by the printer last named in 1594 and 1599. Of the
edition first noticed Dibdin remarks that he had never heard of a copy.
Typ. Ant., vol. ii. p. 323.
(17.) Huloet's English-Latin Dictionary. — The first edition is of great
rarity; it is entitled " Abecedarium Anglico-Latinum pro Tyrunculis,
Ricardo Huloeto Excriptore." Lond. Gul. Riddell, 1552, fol. At the
end is a " peroration to the English reader," shewing that the author had
been for ten years engaged on the work ; he promised to improve it if
brought to another impression. He dedicated it to the Bishop of Ely,
Thomas Goodricke, Lord Chancellor, a scholar of some note, employed in
the translation of the New Testament and the compilation of the Liturgy
in the time of Edward VI. An edition greatly augmented by John Hig-
gins was printed 1572 by Thomas Marsh, with addition of the French,
and many phrases, chiefly from Thierry's French and Latin Dictionary,
published in 1564. Anthony Wood speaks of this revised edition of Huloet's
work as almost a new book. It is dedicated to Sir George Peckham.
(18.) English-Latin Dictionary by Peter Levins, or Levens. — This
scarce volume is entitled «' Manipulus Vocabulorum. A Dictionarie of
English and Latin wordes set forthe in suche order as none heretofore
hath ben . . . necessary not onely for Schollers that want variety of Words,
but also for such as use to write in English meetre." Lond. H. Bynne-
man, 1570, 4to. In the dedication to Mr. Stanley, Treasurer of the
APPENDIX. 1XX1
Queen's mint, allusion is made to the fact, that " Maister Howlet" had
set forth a work of the same kind, but on a larger scale. The author was
a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1557 ; he retired in 1560 into the
country, and occupied himself in the instruction of youth, and the practice
of medicine. See Wood's Athenae, and Tanner. I have seen one copy only
of this work, preserved amongst the books given by Selden to the Bodleian
Library.
Early Treatises, Dictionaries, $c. for teaching French.
(19.) Treatise by Walter de Bibelesworth. — The early works compiled
to give instructions in French may be consulted with advantage, as throw-
ing light on archaisms occurring in the Promptorium. Of this class of
grammatical writings, comparatively little known, may first be mentioned
the " Doctrine," or " Treytyz ke moun sire Gauter de Bibelesworthe fist a
ma dame Dyonisie de Mounchensy pur aprise de langwage." Of this
curious metrical treatise, in French verse with English glosses, I have
consulted a copy in Arundel MS. 220, and the little roll, Sloane MS.
809.a It has been edited by Mr. Thomas Wright from the Arundel MS.
with various readings from other copies, and may be found in his Volume
of Vocabularies, printed in 1857 at the expense of Mr. Joseph Mayer.b
* See also Sloane MS. 513, f. 139; Harl. MSS. 490, 740 ; a fragment in Cott. MS.
Vesp. A. vi. f. 60; a MS. at All Souls' Coll. Oxford, No. 1429; Catal. MSS. Angliae; and
a copy in the Public Library at Cambridge, No. 1396, but attributed to *' mun seignur
Gauter de Bitheswey." Catal. of MSS. Libr. Univ. Camb. vol. iii. p. 3. Mr. T. Wright
has printed numerous English glosses from this MS. in Reliquiae Ant. vol. ii. p. 78. A
valuable copy formerly in the Heber Library is now in possession of Sir Thomas Phil-
lipps, Bart. Notices of the treatise by Bibelesworth may be found in M. G^nin's Preface
to the edition of Palsgrave's Esclarcissement de la langue Franchise, Documents inddits
sur 1'histoire de France, &c. Paris, 1852, p. 27.
b I may here refer to an elementary treatise which I have not had the opportunity of
examining, preserved at Magdalen College, Oxford, No. 188, thus described by Mr.
Coxe : " Institutiones linguae Gallicanee cum onomastico exemplisque Latina lingua
Anglicanaque editis. Incipit — Diccio gallica," &c. Catal. MSS. Bibl. S. M. Magd.
p. 86. It is noticed at some length by M. Genin, Introd. to Palsgrave's " Esclarcisse-
ment de la langue Francoyse," reprinted in Coll. de Doc. Ined. Paris, 1852, p. 29. A
similar work, supposed by the Abbe de la Rue to have been written tenq). Edw. I., may
be seen in Harl. MS. 4971.
Ixxii APPENDIX.
The " Treytyz " is supposed to have been written in the time of
Edward I., or possibly as early as the reign of Henry III. The father of the
lady for whom it was composed was William de Mounchensy, a leader of
note at the battle of Lewes, and among the captives and disinherited at
Kenilworth ; Joan, his only sister, espoused William de Valence, half-brother
of Hemy III. He was killed by the Welsh in 1289 ; Dionysia, his heiress,
married the second son of the Earl of Oxford. Of the author of this, the
earliest elementary work of its class, little is known. Mr. Wright cites
some Anglo-Norman verses in a MS. in the Bodleian, in which Walter
occurs in a discussion with his friend Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, on
the crusade.a Amongst many kindnesses which I recall with pleasure,
rendered by the late Mr. Holmes of the British Museum, I may here
mention the gift of a transcript of a Writ of Privy Seal addressed to the
Chancellor, 22 Jan., 30 Edw. I.; being for a pardon under the great seal,
in consideration of good services rendered in Scotland, to Walter " de
Bibisworthe," for breach of the park of Robert de Scales at Revenhale,
and of the king's prison at Colchester.
(20.) " Femina," MS. formerly preserved in the Library at Trinity
College, Cambridge — Although of later date than the treatise last de-
scribed, this remarkable MS. is perhaps of even greater value and interest.
It was first noticed by Hickes, who printed a portion of the first chapter,
entitled " de assimilitudine bestiarum," with some pertinent remarks on
the philological interest of this curious composition. By the liberal per-
mission of the Master and Seniors of Trinity College the MS. was entrusted
to me in 1843, and I have thus been enabled to offer the following descrip-
tion. The work is composed of numerous chapters, — of the body and its
members, of the first clothing in infancy, of rural matters, of the craft of
baking and of brewing (" de arte pistons " and " braciatricis "), of fishing,
of the names of herbs, birds, beasts, &c., of building houses, and various
matters connected with social or daily life. These subjects are set forth in
distiches, alternately French and English, with marginal notes to guide
the learner in regard to pronunciation. The author's intention is thus
• This interesting fragment, date about 1300, preserved in Fairfax MS. No. 24, has
been printed by Sir F. Madden ; Reliquiae Ant. vol. i. p. 134.
APPENDIX. Ixxiii
declared at the commencement : — " Liber iste vocatur femina quia sicut
femina docet infantem loqui maternam sic docet iste liber juvenes retho-
rice loqui gallicum." The concluding chapter, " De moribus infantis,"
gives admonitions for discreet behaviour in the various relations of social
life, citing the favorite moral treatise by Magnus Cato, the Proverbs of
Solomon, and the like, and ending as follows : —
" f Ore priez dieu issint puissetez finer,
Qe a so an joye purrez vener.
Now prayeth God so 36 may end,
That to hys joye 36 may kome, so be hyt. Amen,"
Then follows a " kalender " or alphabetical table of words in three
columns, " linia scripcionis," the word written according to the orthography
of the period ; " Regula locucionis," the proper pronunciation; " Regula
construccionis," the English rendering of the word. For instance, " Chien
secundum pikardiam, Chaan secundum parisium," as written under the
first head, is to be pronounced "cheen vel chann, an hounde;" and
" Chiet secundum pikardiam, Chiat secundum parisium," has the pronun-
ciation " cheet vel chaat, an kat." This curious table ends with the aspi-
ration " Qiii scripsit carmen sit benedictus. Amen. — Explicit Femina
nova."a
I learn, with great regret, from the librarian, Mr. Aldis Wright, that this
precious volume, which was restored by me in Feb. 1844, is no longer to
be found amongst the MSS. at Trinity College. It is fortunate that some
portions should have been preserved by Hickes, although insufficient to
make amends to the philologist for so untoward a loss.b
a The volume was thus entered in the catalogue,— " B. 14, 39; Liber de Ordine
Creaturarum; B. 14, 40 ; the Life of St. Margaret in very old English verse; Liber
rhetoricus dictus Femina, et Miscell. alia." Its value was well known through notices and
fac-similes given by Hickes, Ling. Septentr. Thes. vol. i. pp. 144, 154. The Life of St.
Margaret is there printed entire, pp. 224, 231, and described as " Dialecti Normanno-
Saxonicse omnium longe nobilissimum specimen ;" thirteen distiches are also given from
" Femina." Some notice of the MS. is given by Sir Henry Ellis, Orig. Letters, third
series, vol. ii. p. 209.
b At the close of the " Femina " is a treatise of the same kind but of later date,
giving phrases, idioms, and dialogues suited for the requirements of a traveller ; one of
these is between a person fresh from the wars of Henry V. and another who asks the
Ixxiv APPENDIX.
(21.) The Book for Travellers. — The earliest printed Treatise for in-
struction in French is Caxton's " Boke for Travellers," thus cited in my
notes infra, and so entitled in Dibdin's Bibl. Spenc. vol. iv. p. 319. See
also his Typ. Ant. vol. i. pp. 315, 317. This rare production of Caxton's
press is a folio, without date, printed at Westminster, as Ames supposed,
before 1484. The author has not been ascertained. It is printed in two
columns in form of a vocabulary French and English ; being a compen-
dium of household matters, animals, birds, fishes, fruits, viands, merchan-
dise, &c. From the copy at Althorp, the only perfect one known to Dib-
din, previously in possession of Mr. Lister Parker, I was permitted to
extract many curious illustrations of words in the Promptorium. Mr.
Blades mentions in his Life of Caxton, vol. ii. p. 133, a fine copy in the
Cathedral Library at Ripon ; another at Bamborough Castle ; an imper-
fect copy (Spencer duplicate) in possession of the Duke of Devonshire;
and a fragment, two leaves, formerly in Ames's possession, now in the
Douce collection in the Bodleian.
(22.) " Introductory to write and to pronounce Frenche, by Alexander
Barcley." — This scarce volume issued from the press of Robert Coplande :
London, 1521, fol. The author states that he undertook the work " at
the comaundement of the ryght hye, excellent, and myghty prynce, Tho-
mas, Duke of Norfolke," namely, Thomas Howard, High Treasurer to
Henry VII. ; appointed Earl Marshal 2 Hen. VIII., chief commander at
Flodden. Sir Henry Ellis has pointed out with much probability that
Barclay a may have compiled his " Introductory " from materials of earlier
news; the traveller relates the siege of Harfleur, the memorable battle of Agincourt, the
deaths of the Duke of York and the Earl of Suffolk. The King, he says, is on his way
home, the prisoners had reached Dover, the Londoners had gone forth to Blackheath
well armed that these foreigners might see what stout men the King had left at home
for the safeguard of the realm. Doubtless the arrival of Katherine of France made the
study of French fashionable ; the name of William Kyngesmylle, an Oxford pedagogue
who kept an " ostelle" in that University, is mentioned ; he may have been the author
of this portion of the MS.
a Bale, p. 723, gives amongst his numerous writings one entitled " De pronunciatione
Gallica," beginning — " Multi ac varii homines literati ;" this is repeated by Pits, p. 745.
For further notices of Barclay see Wood's Athense ; Warton's Eng. Poet. sect, xxix.;
Ritson's Bibliogr. Poet. p. 46.
APPENDIX. 1XXV
date. He was, however, a scholar of more than ordinary attainments,
conversant with languages ; his principal work, the " Ship of Fools," is
stated to have been translated out of Latin, French, and Dutch, whilst he
was chaplain in the college of St. Mary Ottery, Devon.
•
(23.) " A good boke to lerne to speke French." — A rare little manual
intended probably for the use of travellers and merchants. Printed by
Pynson, without date (Brit. Mus.); and Wynkyn de Worde. (ibid. Grenv.
Libr.)
(24.) Introductory to learn French, by Giles Dewes. — This very scarce
work was compiled by a teacher of note in the sixteenth century, whose
name should perhaps be written du Wes, or du Guez — de Vadis. It is sup-
posed that he was a native of France ; he was clerk of the library at West-
minster to Henry VII. and Henry VIII., and instructor in French to
Prince Arthur and the Lady Mary. His work is entitled, " An Intro-
ductorie for to lerne to rede, to pronounce and to speke French trewly,"
&c. compiled for the Lady Mary, daughter of Henry VIII. London,
John Waley, 4to. It consists of grammatical rules, a large vocabulary,
letters, dialogues, &c. which seem to have passed between the princess,
her teacher, and her almoner, as exercises. It appears by internal evidence
that the work was compiled about 1527, when the Lady Mary was eleven
years of age.a A copy of this edition is in the Grenville Library, Brit.
Mus. The work was likewise printed by Thomas Godfray, Lond. s. d.
and by N. Bourman for John Reynes [1532 ?] (Grenv. Libr.) Of the
edition by Godfray a reprint has been edited by M. Genin, and is appended
to that of Palsgrave's " Esclarcissement," noticed hereafter. These
reprints of two works of extreme rarity form a volume of the series pub-
lished by the Minister of Public Instruction ; Coll. de Docum. Inedits sur
1'Hist. de France, IIme serie, 1852.
» See the account of Dewes in the Introduction by M. Genin, p. 14. Weever has
preserved his epitaph formerly in St. Olave's Church. See also Warton's Hist. Eng.
Poet. vol. ii. sect, xxxv., where it is stated that he died in 1535. Stowe states that he
was preceptor, not only to the personages of the English court above mentioned, but also
to the King of France, the King of Scots, and the Marquis of Exeter. Hist. London,
p. 230.
APPENDIX.
(25.) " Lesclarcissement de la langue Francoyse," by John Palsgrave,
1530. — A minute description of this important book, which is dedicated to
Henry VIII.8 is given by Dibdin, and more recently by M. Genin in the
Introduction to the reprint edited by him for the collection of " Documents
Inedits sur 1'histoire de Frai*e."b The work, the earliest existing grammar
of the French tongue, consists of rules for pronunciation, a very full voca-
bulary of substantives in English and French alphabetically arranged,
similar tables of pronouns, adjectives, and other parts of speech, an
ample list of verbs being specially valuable to the student of obsolete
expressions, on account of the quaint sentences by which each verb is
illustrated. The author, who styles himself in the Title " Angloys natyf
de Londres, et gradue de Paris," and who studied also both at Cambridge
and Oxford, had been chosen to instruct the Lady Mary, sister of Henry
VIII., previously to her marriage with Louis XII. In the Privy Purse
Expenses of Henry VIII., 1513, Palsgrave is designated " scolemaster to
my lady Princes," and he accompanied her to France in the following year.
His services are very favorably recognised by Henry in the privilege for
seven years prefixed to the work, and dated Sept. 2, 22 Hen. VIII. (1530),
shortly after its completion, as thus stated in the colophon, — "The imprint-
yng fynysshed by Johan Haukyns the xvm. daye of July," in the year
beforementioned. It has, however, been supposed that the book may have
been produced from the press of Pynson, by whom it is certain that copies
were sold under the author's direction.0 On his return from France with
the youthful Queen, Palsgrave was much in request as a teacher of the
young nobility ; he enjoyed considerable preferment in the church, and
was collated by Oanmer to the rectory of St. Dunstan's in the East,
a Typ. Ant. vol. iii. p. 365.
b Deuxieme Serie, Histoire des Lettres et des Sciences, Paris, 1852, 4to. A single
copy of the work was found in France in the Bibliotheque Mazarine. A reprint of the
rare grammar by Giles Dewes before described is given in the same volume, and an
ample Index to Palsgrave's work is a most valuable accessory to this reprint.
c In a letter to Cromwell from Stephen Vaughan, who was very desirous to obtain
a copy of the work, it is said that Palsgrave had instructed Pynson to sell it only to
such persons as he might direct, " lest his promt by teching the Frenche tonge myght
be mynished by the sale of the same/' Sir H. Ellis, Orig. Letters, third series, vol. ii.
p. 214.
APPENDIX. Ixxvii
London.8 The " Esclarcissement " is a volume of great rarity ; the only
copy known to Anthony Wood was that among Selden's books in the
Bodleian, but five copies are noticed by Dibdin ; it may be found in the
British Museum, and in the University Library at Cambridge.
(26.) " Catholicum Parvum." — The first printed Vocabulary, Latin
and French, appears to be the rare volume printed for Louis Cruse, al.
Garbin, at Geneva, 1487, entitled " Catholicum parvtim." A Latin-French
dictionary was printed by Martin Havard at Lyons, 1499. The lt Catholi-
cnm abbreviatum," or " Vocabularius brevidicus," was published by An-
thony Cayllaut at Paris about the close of the fifteenth century, and re-
printed there by John Lambert in 1506.b
(27.) French-Latin Dictionary by Robert Estienne (Stephanus). The
earliest French-Latin Dictionary is that published by Estienne at Paris,
1539, reprinted with additions in 1549. In 1538 he issued his " Dic-
tionarium Latino- Gallicum ;" an edition " multo locupletius" appeared in
1546 ; the work was apparently founded on his " Thesaurus linguae latinse,"
of which the first edition was published at Paris in 1531, and the second
in 1536. In these last he introduced French interpretations of the Latin
words. In 1557 this learned lexicographer brought out at Geneva a
" Dictionnaire des mots Fra^ois." See Brunet under Estienne, Nicot, &c.
(28.) " Dictionaire Francoislatin, &c. corrige" et augmente par Maistre
Jehan Thierry. Paris, chez Jacques du Puys, 1564 ;" folio. This is the
French-Latin Dictionary by Robert Estienne abovementioned, and reprinted
a For more full particulars regarding this remarkable scholar see Athense Oxon. by
Bliss, vol. i. p. 122; Beloe's Anecdotes of Literature, vol. vi. p. 344; Baker's Biogr.
Dramat; Cooper's Athense Cantabr. vol. i. p. 119; Ellis's Orig. Letters, third series, vol.
ii. p. 211.
t> I may here notice the " Petit Vocabulaire Latin- Fran^ais du xiiie siecle," recently
published by Chassant from a MS. at Evreux, and formerly in the library of the abbey
of. Lyra. It is accompanied by a short Nominale arranged by subjects. Paris, 1857,
12mo.
CAM I). SOC. /
Ixxviii APPENDIX.
from a copy left by him at his death, in which many additions had been
made by Thierry and other learned scholars.8
(29.) Latin, English, and French Dictionary by John Veron. — This
scarce little volume is entitled " Dictionariolum Puerorum, tribus linguis,
Latina, Anglica, et Gallica conscriptum. In hoc midae tantnm pura?que
sunt dictiones, &c. Latino gallicum nuper ediderat Rob. Stephanus
Parisiis, cui Anglicam interpretationem Joannes Veron nunc primum ad-
iecit. Londini, apud Reginaldum Wolfium. Anno MDLII." 4to. On the
reverse is an address in Latin verse by Veron (misprinted Heron) " ad
puemm linguarum studiosum," and in a subsequent address to British
youth he says that he was induced by the sight of Stephens's Dictionary to
undertake the work. There are two signatures A. i , on the second of
which the Dictionary begins, concluding on the reverse of the leaf follow-
ing sign. Gggg. v. The Latin words are printed in Roman, the English
in black letter, the French in Italic. This dictionary contains curious ar-
chaisms.b It is very rarely to be found, owing doubtless to the destruc-
tion of such elementary books in the hands of heedless learners, amongst
whom the book must have been much in request, not only as an auxiliary
to instruction in the French tongue, but as the most convenient Latin-
English dictionary produced subsequently to the Promptorium.
(30.) I cannot close this section of notices of early lexicography without
mention of the valuable work of Randle Cotgrave, frequently cited in the
following pages. Subsequently to the appearance of Palsgrave's French
grammar and vocabularies in 1530, no French and English word-book of
a This may have been the work which occurs in the Inventory of the books of Mary
Queen of Scots in Edinburgh Castle, 1578. " Dictionar in Frenche and Latine. Ane
vther Dictionar in Frenche and Latine." Inventaires de la royne Descosse, edited for the
Bannatyne Club by Mr. Joseph Robertson, Pref. p. cxlv. contributed to the Club by the
late Marquis of Dalhousie, 1863.
b Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. iv. p. 18. Lowndes notices only a Dictionary in Latin and
English by John Veron, newly corrected and enlarged by R. W. (Rodolph Waddington),
Lond. 1575 and 1584. See also the notice by Watt. The author's name is sometimes
given as Vernon ; in one of his theological works he styles himself " Scnonoys," and he
was probably a native of Sens.
APPENDIX. Ixxix
note is found, with the exception of Claudius Hollyband's French and Eng-
lish Dictionary published in 1593, 4to., a volume of some rarity,a pre-
ceded in 1573 by his " French Schoolemaister," to which a brief vocabu-
lary was annexed, until the publication of Cotgrave's " Dictionnaire of the
French and English Tongues," first printed by Adam Islip, London, 1611.
It was dedicated to the author's " very good Lord and Maister, Sir William
Cecil, knight, Lord Burghley," eldest son of the Earle of Exeter,b and
commended " au favorable Lecteur Francois " by J. L'oiseau de Tourval,
Parisien." The work must have proved highly acceptable, and may still
be consulted with advantage by the students of obsolete language. In
1632 it received the desirable addition of an English-French Dictionary
by Robert Sherwood.0
Glossaries of Provincial and obsolete Words, fyc.
(31.) *' A Collection of English Words not generally used ;" by John
Ray, F.R S. — The first edition of this well-known and valuable glossary
was published in 1674 ; the second, much augmented, in 1691 ; and it was
republished in the fourth edition of the author's " Collection of English
Proverbs," 1768.
a The elementary works by this teacher of languages were in much esteem. Lowndes
does not mention the rare " Campo di Fior, or else the Flourie Field of foure languages,
of M. Claudius Desainliens, alias Holiband ;" Lond. Thos. Vautrouillier, 15S3, 12mo.
It contains dialogues in Italian, Latin, French, and English. In regard to early aids to
the study of Italian I may cite the Italian-English Dictionary by William Thomas, 1548,
as containing obsolete English words.
b Sir William was grandson of the Lord High Treasurer, created Baron Burgh-
ley by Elizabeth in 1571 . He appears by the preface to have been well skilled in French,
and may have received instruction from the author.
c I may here mention the useful " Alvearie, or Triple Dictionarie in Englishe, Latin,
and French," by John Baret, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Cooper's Athense
Can tab r. vol. i. p. 421. It was printed by Denham in 1573, and again in 1580, with
the addition of Greek to the three languages before mentioned. Several early and rare
polyglot vocabularies might be enumerated as containing archaisms not undeserving of the
attention of the student of our language in the Tudor age. I recall a curious " Nomen-
clator" in six tongues, including Latin, French, Italian, and English, Nuremberg, 1548;
Joh. Daubmann ; of which a copy was shewn to me by Mr. David Laing in the Signet
Library at Edinburgh ; the Italian is designated as "
Ixxx APPENDIX.
(32 ) Glossarial Collections by Bishop Kennett. — The Glossary appended
by the learned Bishop of Peterborough to his " Parochial Antiquities," of
which the first edition appeared in 1695, is highly to be appreciated. I
would invite attention to his valuable collection of obsolete and provincial
expressions preserved in the British Museum, in Lansdowne MS. 1033,
which I have cited frequently in the following pages. This large compila-
tion is wholly distinct from the printed Glossary, and seems well deserving
of publication ; independently of the value of the etymological sugges-
tions, there can be little doubt that numerous dialectic words are here to
be found, which have subsequently been wholly disused and forgotten.*
(33.) Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words, by the late Rev.
Jonathan Boucher, Vicar of Epsom. — A portion of this work, containing
the letter A, was printed after the death of the author in 1804 by Sir F.
Morton Eden ; Lond. 1807, 4to. It was entitled " A Supplement to Dr.
Johnson's Dictionary, or a Glossary of Obsolete and Provincial Words."
In 1832 another edition commenced under the editorial care of the late
Mr. Hunter, author of the Hallamshire Glossary, and of Mr. Joseph Ste-
venson. Two pails were published in 4to. containing Boucher's Introduc-
tory Essay, with the Glossary as far as the word " Blade." Mr. Boucher's
MSS. remained in Mr. Hunter's hands ; at the dispersion of his library,
after his death in 1861, these Glossarial collections were purchased by Mr.
Russell Smith, and sold by him to Mr. Halliwell ; they were again sold at
Messrs. Sotheby's in 1864, and came into the possession, as I believe, of
Mr. C. E. Hodgkin, West Derby, Lancashire.
(34.) " Glossary of Words, Phrases, &c. in the works of English au-
thors, particularly Shakespeare and his contemporaries ;" by Archdeacon
Nares.— This valuable work, which I have often cited as explaining ar-
chaisms of an earlier period than that set forth in the title, is replete with
curious illustrations of early language and literature. It was first pub-
lished in 1822, Lond. 4to. ; a second edition, considerably augmented, was
a The Bishop died in 1728 ; these collections were probably compiled towards the
close of the previous century, and not long after the earliest printed notice of local words,
namely that published by Ray as early as 1674, but brief and meagre as compared with
the MS. Glossary above cited.
APPENDIX. Ixxxi
produced in 1859 by Mr. J. 0. Halliwell and Mr. Thomas Wright ;
Lond. 2 vols. 8vo.
(35.) " General Dictionary of Provincialisms ; by William tlolloway."
London, 1840, 8vo. — In the Introduction certain local expressions, chiefly
occurring in the Eastern and Northern parts of England, are enumerated,
supposed to be of Danish origin.
(36.) " Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases,
&c. from the fourteenth century ;" by Mr. James Orchard Halliwell,
F.R.S. 2 vols. 8vo. 1847.
(37.) " Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English, containing
words from the English Writers previous to the nineteenth century which
are no longer in use or are not used in the same sense, and words which
are now used only in the Provincial Dialects :" compiled by Mr. Thomas
Wright, M.A. London, 1857, 12mo. — In this useful work of reference
numerous illustrations of East Anglian dialect will be found, communicated
by the Rev. E. Gillett, Vicar of Runham, Norfolk.
(38.) " Vocabulary of East Anglia, an attempt to record the vulgar
tongue of the twin sister counties, Norfolk and Suffolk, as it existed in the
last twenty years of the eighteenth century," &c. By the late Rev. Robert
Forby. London, 1830. Edited by the Rev. George Turner, 2 vols. 12mo.
A supplementary volume was published in 1858, from collections made by
the late Rev. W. T. Spurdens of North Walsham, 1840. Mr. Forby's
autograph papers, containing the originals of his Vocabulary, are preserved
in the library of Caius College, Cambridge, to which they were presented
in 1846 by the Rev. George Miller. Catalogue of MSS. Gonville and
Caius Coll. by the Rev. J. J. Smith, p. 304. About the time when Mr.
Forby commenced his glossarial collection, a similar work was compiled by
Mr. Anthony Norris, described as a " Glossary or Dictionary explaining
the obsolete words used by old English writers, with references to exam-
ples where they occur ; to which is added a catalogue of local and vulgar
words used in the county of Norfolk, about 1780." This MS. volume is
supposed to have formed part of the collection made by Mr. Norris for the
illustration of the county of Norfolk, which came into the possession of the
Lxxxii APPENDIX.
Eight Hon. J. H. Frere. It was subsequently in Sir John Fenn's Li-
brary, and passed into the hands of the Rev. Jonathan Boucher, deceased in
1804 ; the MS. was then added to the late Mr. Dawson Turner's Norfolk
collections, and at their dispersion it was purchased by the Hon. F. Wai-
pole of Bainthorpe Park, Norfolk. In regard to the numerous provin-
cialisms which occur in Norfolk, relics of the peculiar dialect with which
the author of the Promptorium declared that he was exclusively conver-
sant, it is not without interest to observe that a writer on agricultural sub-
jects, eighty years since, Mr. Marshall, has stated that, during a very short
time whilst pursuing his observations, he registered in Norfolk nearly 1000
local expressions or deviations from established language. He has given
those words only that relate to rural affairs.a The late Mr. Goddard
Johnson of Norwich made large collections of Norfolk words ; he informed
me that he had gathered 3000 or upwards which did not come under Mr.
Forby's notice.b His MSS. are, as I believe, in possession of Mr. R.
Fitch, F.S.A., at Norwich.
(38.) " Suffolk Words and Phrases ; an attempt to collect the Lingual
Localisms of that County : by Edward Moor, F.S.A." Woodbridge,
1823, 12mo.
The foregoing notices may doubtless appear tediously diffuse ; and I have
thought it inexpedient to extend them by an enumeration of certain books,
those especially that relate to provincial dialect, cited in the following pages.
The bibliography of early elementary works on Language would form an
instructive chapter in the History of English Literature ; it has been my
endeavor to offer some contribution towards a subject which the disserta-
tions of Mr. Mayor, already cited, have in no slight measure tended to
* Rural Economy of Norfolk, vol. ii. p. 376, published in 1787.
b A short list of Norfolk provincialisms is given by Sir Thomas Browne in his " Certain
Miscellany Tracts," Lond. 1684, p. 146. Mr. Halliwell points out a Vocabulary of the
xvth century written in Norfolk ; Add. MS. 12,195. In Cullum's Hist, of Hawsted, 1784,
a list of Suffolk words may be found. I have frequently cited the " Points of good Hus-
bandry " by Tusser, whose quaint verses, first published in 1557, are full of illustrations
of East Anglian dialect and of words occurring in the Promptorium. I cannot omit to
mention a recent Version of the Song of Solomon in Norfolk dialect, by the Rev. Edward
Gillett, Vicar of Runhani, a diligent collector of relics of the ancient vernacular of his
county.
APPENDIX. Ixxxiii
bring under consideration. I may refer to his erudite account of Elyot,
Cooper, and Holyoke, by whom the revival of learning in the sixteenth
century was essentially aided in this country. a To the " Copious Dic-
tionary " of Francis Gouldman, however, published at a comparatively late
time, in 1664, and often cited in my notes, I would advert not merely as
combining the labors of his learned predecessors, of whom an ample notice
is set forth in the Preface, but as containing archaisms of interest to the
student of language, with certain expressions mostly of North-country
vernacular. To Dr. Jamieson's Dictionary of the Scottish Language I
have also often been indebted, and scarcely less frequently to the re-
searches of Brockett, of Hunter, and of others to whose timely care we owe
the preservation of many of the fast-fading traces of provincial dialects.b
THE CAMPUS FLORUM ; see p. xxv. ante.
Whilst the foregoing pages were in the press, Sir Frederic Madden, to
whose friendly assistance I have frequently been indebted, has called
my attention to a writer who probably may have been the authority often
cited by the compiler of the Promptorium as " Mirivalensis in Campo
Florum," and whom, as before stated, I have long in vain sought to
identify.
Leland has given many particulars relating to " Thomas Guallensis,
a Leandro Alberto Bononiensi Thomas Anglicus de Malleisc corrupte
" Latin-English and English-Latin Lexicography," by the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor
(Librarian of the Public Library of the University of Cambridge), Journal of Ancient
and Sacred Philology, vol. iv. 1857.
b I may refer to the Bibliographical List of works illustrative of the Provincial Dialects
of England, by John Russell Smith, Lond. 1839, in which various volumes occasionally
cited in the notes and not enumerated above will be found. The numerous additions to
this class of philological literature render an enlarged edition of Mr. Russell Smith's
useful Hand-list very desirable.
c Probably for Walleis or Waleys, as he is sometimes called. Leland cites several of
his treatises on the authority of Leander Albertus, de Viris Illustr., lib. iv. It may be
well to notice that there was a writer of an earlier period, Johannes Guallensis, a Fran-
ciscan of Worcester, about 1260, of whose voluminous works see Bale, p. 317, Pits,
p. 242; some confusion seems to have arisen in regard to his writings and those of
Thomas Guallensis. There was moreover another Thomas, professor of theology at
Oxford, in the time of Henry III., elected Bishop of St. David's in 1247.
IXXXIV APPENDIX.
dictus ;" a Dominican whose commentaries on various books of the Old
Testament he had seen in the library of Warden Abbey, Bedfordshire.
Amongst numerous writings of this author, probably of Welsh origin,
Leland thus mentions one existing at Oxford in the Public Library : —
" Extat in bibliotheca publica Isiaci liber, cui titulus Campus Florum, a
Guallensi scriptus, copiosus videlicet Juris Canonici index." Leland ob-
serves that previous writers had not ascribed a date to the works of Gual-
lensis ; according to his own conjecture that eminent scholar lived about
the times of Edward II. Comm. de Script. Brit., vol. ii., p. 333.
Bale and Pits give some additional notices. a From the former we
learn that Thomas Walleys (alias Gualensis) a theologian of Oxford, was
a strenuous opponent of tenets advanced by Pope John XXIII., and that
in consequence, about the year 1332, he suffered imprisonment. Bale
gives a list of treatises attributed to Walleys, including one thus entitled :
" Campum Florurn Juris Canonici, lib. i. Disciplina claustrali deditus"
The enumeration of his writings is augmented by Pits, with references to
MSS. in the collegiate libraries of both the universities. This list in-
cludes several MSS. in the library of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, and
it may deserve notice that I there found, as previously stated (p. xxv.
supra), a treatise entitled " Campus Florum," and also several works attri-
buted to Johannes Wallensis. Of the author, however, of the " Campus
Florum" there preserved, I have found no indication; it commences with
the words " Fulcite me floribus," which differ, as will presently appear,
from those given as the incipial words of the treatise by Thomas Walleis
to which my attention has been called by Sir Frederic Madden.
It is stated by Pits that Thomas Walleis, or Guallensis, lived in 1333 ;
according to some accounts, however, he was living as late as 1410.
The autograph Collections by Bishop Bale, alphabetically arranged, for
the continuation of his work, are preserved, as I am informed by Sir
Frederic Madden, in the Bodleian Library amongst Selden's MSS. (No.
64, B. ; No. 3452, Codd. Jo. Seldeni, Catal. MSS. Anglise). They were
compiled after the first edition printed at Ipswich in 1548, and before
that, largely augmented, printed at Basle in 1557. These Collections well
deserve to be printed, as Sir Frederic observes ; their value being greatly
enhanced by the circumstance that, in all instances, Bale has stated
a Bale, Script. Bryt. p. 406; Pitseus, de Illustr. Ang. Script, p. 429.
APPENDIX. IxXXV
the authorities, which are omitted in his printed work. The following
notices of the Campus Florum occur at fol. 30, but not under the author's
name : — " Campus Florum vocabularius quidam erat apud Miram vallem,
locum devotis monachis valde amenum, factus circa annum Domini
1359. — Nicholaus Brigan in Collectionibus.
Campus Florum (Thomas Gualensis interlined) li. i.; incipit, ' Disciplina
claustrali deditus apud Miram vallem.' Claruit autor anno Domini 1359.
— Ex Collegia Magdalene Oxon."
Under the article of Thomas Walleys, fol. 176, the work is thus noticed
more briefly : — " Thomas Walleys Dominicanus, doctor Wallicus," &c.
and at the end of the list of his writings, — " Campus Florum, copiosus
index juris Canonici, li. i. — Ex Lelando de viris illustribus."
Nicholas Brigan, or Brigham, called by Bale in his printed work
" Brigamus," was his contemporary,—" Anglicarum antiquitatum amator
maxiinus;" he compiled, about 1550, certain collections which seem to
have been used by Bale, entitled " Venationes rerum memorabilium," also
" Rerum quotidianorum, lib. xii." Bale, Script., p. 718.a
Sir Frederic Madden notices that the name " Thomae Gualensis " had
been added above the line in the passage above cited ; he considers this
interlineation to be subsequent to the original entry, but not later than
1552, the latest date that he found in the volume. It would seem that
Bale had really seen a copy of the work at Magdalen College ; he certainly
assumes that Thomas Walleys was the author No MS. corresponding
with his description appears to be found at the present time, and I have
sought for it in vain, either in the enumeration of MSS. in the library
of Magdalen College, given about 1697 in Catal. MSS. Angl., torn. 1,
part 2, p. 71, or in the recent and valuable Catalogue compiled by Mr.
Coxe. I have been equally unsuccessful in my endeavors to trace the
MS. described by Leland as existing in the Public Library at Oxford.
» Pits, p. 749, writes in commendation of the erudition of Brigham, of his repute as a
lawyer, historian, poet, and antiquary. In 1555 Brigham caused the remains of Chaucer
to be removed to the chapel of St. Blaise in Westminster Abbey, and deposited in the
marble tomb which bears a Latin verse composed by him. See Wood's Athense.
CAMD. SOC. m
INDEX
OF THE PRINCIPAL AUTHORS AND WORKS NOTICED IN THE PREFACE.
Abecedarium Ang.-Lat., by Huloet, Ixx.
Alvearie, by John Baret, Ixxix. n.
Anglia que fulget, by Job. de Garlandia,
Balbis, Job. de, or de Janua, xxiii.
Bale, his account of the author of the Promp-
torium, xvi. ; his unpublished collections
in the Bodleian, Ixxxiv.
Barclay, John, Introductory to French,
Ixxiv.
Baret, John, his Dictionary, Ixxix.
Bibelesworth, Walter de, Ixxi.
Boetius, references to his works, xxxvi.
Book for Travellers, by Caxton, Ixxiv.
Boucher, Rev. J., his Glossary, Ixxx.
Breviloquus, Ixii.
Brigham, Nicholas, Ixxxv.
Brito, William, xxiv.
Campus Florum, xxv.; Ixxxiii.
Catholicon, by Johannes de Janua, xxiii.
lingua materna, Ixiv.
parvum, Ixxvii.
abbreviatum, Ixxvii.
Caxton, his Book for Travellers, Ixxiv.
Commentarius Curialium, xxviii.
Cornucopia, by Nic. Perotti, Ixii.
Cornutus, or Disticha, xxxii. n.
Cotgrave, his French Dictionary, Ixxviii.
Decretum Gratiani, xxxv.
Dewes, Giles, Ixxv.
Dictionarius,by Joh. de Garlandia, xxvi. xxix.
by Ugutio, xxiv. n.
Distigius, by Joh. de Garlandia, xxxi.
Elementarium, by Papias, xxiii.
Equus, Liber vocatus, xxxii. xxxv.
Estienne, Robert, his Dictionaries, Ixxvii.
Femina, liber vocatus, Ixxii.
Forby, his East Anglian Glossary, Ixxxi.
Gachet, John, bookseller at Hereford and
York, Ixi.
Gara, Joh. de, xxxv.
Garlandia, Joh. de, notices of, xxvi.
. Synonyma, xvii. Ixviii.
. Equivoca, xvii. Ixviii.
Dictionarius, xxvi.
• De Triumphis Ecclesie,
xxvii.
• "Anglia que fulget, xxix.
•• Merarius, xxx.
• Distigius, xxxi.
Gemma Vocabulorum, 1.
Good Book to learn French, Ixxv.
Gouldman, Francis, his Dictionary, Ixxxiii.
Gratian, Decretum, xxxv.
Gregory the Great, reference to his works,
xxxv.
Guallensis, or Wallensis, Johannes, Ixxxiii.
Halliwell, Mr. his Dictionary of Archaisms,
Ixxxvi.
Higgins, John, his edition of Huloet's Dic-
tionary, Ixx.
Historia Scholastica, xxxiv.
Holloway, his Dictionary of Provincialisms,
Ixxxi.
Hollyband, his Dictionary, Ixxix.
his Campo di Fior, ibid. n.
Horman, William, his Vulgaria, Ixix.
Horologium Sapientiae, xxxv.
Hugutio, or Ugutio, his Vocabularium,
xxiii.
Huloet, his Dictionary, Ixv.
Introductory to write French, by Barclay,
Ixxiv.
• by Giles Dewes, Ixxv.
Janua, Johannes de, his Catholicon, xxiii.
INDEX.
Ixxxvii
Johnson, Mr. Goddard, his East Anglian
Glossary, Ixxxii.
Kennett, Bishop, his Glossaries, Ixxx.
Kylwardby, Robert, xxxii.
Levasey, Levsay, author thus cited, xxxvi.
Levins, Peter, his Dictionary, Ixx.
Libellus Misteriorum, xxix.
Mayer, Mr. J. ancient Vocabularies published
by him, see Wright, Mr. Thomas.
Mayor, Rev. J. E. B. his notices of the
Promptorium, xix.; of Joh. de Garlandia,
xxvii.
Manipulus Vocabulorum, by P. Levins, Ixx.
Marshall, his Glossary of Norfolk words,
Ixxxii.
Medulla Grammatice, descriptions of the
various MSS. liii. liv.
Merarius, xxx.
Mirivalensis, his Campus Florum, xxv.
Ixxxiii.
Moor, Major, his Suffolk Glossary, Ixxxii.
Munshulle, Nicholas, his Vocabulary, Ixvi.
Nares, his Glossary, Ixxx.
Neccham, Alexander, xxxiii.
Nomenclator, in six languages, (by
Daubmann,) Ixxix. n.
Norris, Anthony, his Glossary, Ixxxi.
John
Ortus Vocabulorum, lv.; list of editions, Ixiii.
Palsgrave, John, his French Grammar and
Vocabularies, Ixxvi.
Papias, xxiii.
Pits, his account of the author of the Promp-
torium, xviii.
Pratum Florum, xxv. n.
Promptorium Parvulorum, its author, xiv. ;
MSS. in the Brit. Mus. xxxvi. xxxviii. xl. ;
MS. at King's Coll. Camb. xxxviii. ; at Win-
chester Cathedral, xxxix.; in Sir Thomas
Phillipps' Library, xl.; formerly in Mr.
Singer's Library, ibid.; printed by Pynson,
xlii.; by Wynkyn de Worde, xliv. ; by
Julian Notary, xlvi.
Ray, his Provincial Glossary, Ixxix.
Sherwood, Robert, his Eng. Fr. Dictionary,
Ixxix.
Spurdens, Rev. W. his East Anglian Glos-
sary, Ixxxi.
Stanbridge, John, Ixix.
Stephens (Estienne), his Dictionaries, Ixxvii.
Summa, by Johannes de Janua, xxiii.
by Brito, xxiv.
by Raimund de Pennaforte, xxxv.
Synonyma, by Johannes de Garlandia, xvii. ;
Ixviii.
by Brito, xxv.
Tanner, Bishop, his account of the author of
the Promptorium, xviii.
Thierry, his Dictionary, Ixxvii.
Ugutio, or Hugutio, xxiii.
Veron, or Vernon, John, Ixxviii.
Vitae Patrum, xxxv.
Vocabula, by John Stanbridge, Ixix.
Vocabularies, collection of, published by Mr.
Joseph Mayer, xxvi. xxxiii. Ixvi.
Vocabularium, by Hugutio, xxiii.
Vocabularius, by Brito, xxiv.
Vocabulary, Latin-English, Ixvi. Ixvii.
-• of plants, Ixvii.
brevidicus, Ixxvii.
Vulgaria, by W. Horman, Ixix.
Wallensis, or Walleis, Johannes, Ixxxiii.
Withal, his Short Dictionary, Ixx.
Wright, Mr. Thomas, Vocabularies edited by,
xxvi. xxxiii. xxxv. Ixvi. Ixvii.; his edition
of the Treatise by Walter de Bibelesworth,
Ixxi.
his Dictionary of Obsolete Words,
Ixxxi.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORTJM.
i
INCIPIT PREAMBULUM.1 Cernentibus sollicite clericorum con-
diciones, nunc statuum et graduum diversorum numerose videntur
jam varii clerical! se nomine gloriantes, qui tamen in suis colloquiis
passim quotidieque barbarizando, sic 2 usum et artem Latine loquele,
aut pene, aut penitus perdiderunt, quod eorum quam plures quasi
de doctis indoctos, de sciolis inscios, noverca virtutum et viciorum
mater degenerans produxit oblivio. Unde ego, dictus indigne
frater predicator,3 et Lenne sub regula paupertatis astrictus, ta-
libus ut valeo compassus, ac juvenum clericorum gramaticare4
volencium misertus, presentem libellum non tarn rudem5 sed quam
utilem eisdem scribendum curavi; potissime cum ipsis qui nunc
ad usum6 clericalis loquele velut cervi ad fontes aquarum deside-
rant, sed Latina vocabula ignorantes, et instructorum ad libitum
copiam ut cupiunt non habentes, singultu et suspiriis ut onagri
in siti sua deficiunt, ac velut interna fame, sic eciam tabescunt, quod
pene de eis illud Trenorum eloquium merito cum mesticia jam
poterit recitari, Parvuli petierunt panem, et non erat qui frangeret
eis.7 Igitur ego prefatus, quamvis rudis et inscius, plusque8
aptus discere quam docere, tamen ut ex libris gramaticorum in-
1 Incipit prologus in libellum qui dicitur 5 Rudem quam, K. p.
Promptorius Puerorutn, P. Promptorius 6 K. P. the word usum is omitted in
parvulorum, K. Harl. MS.
2 Sic quod, p. 7 Lamentations, iv. 4.
3 Predicatorum, K. p. 8 K. p. plus is omitted in Harl. MS.
4 Grammatizare, K. P.
CAMD. SOC. B
2 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
tellexi, ad predictorum profectum, exile hoc opus collegi, precipue
Catholicon, Campo florum, Diccionario, aliisque opusculis et
*tractibus, sepius vero ex inquisicione meliorum,1 sed rarissime
quamvis quandoque ex ingenio fallibili, et capite proprio personal!.
In quo quidem libello primo Anglicana vocabula2 secundum ordinem
alphabet!, prout gramaticalia gramaticorum in libris reperiuntur
ac scribuntur, conscripsi, et postea correspondencia sibi Latina,
cum notulis parcium, generum, ac declinacionum ;3 sic tamen ut
in4 qualibet litera alphabet!, nomina et cetere partes, verbis tamen
exceptis,5 primo pariter sunt inserta, et tune tandem ipsorum verba
breviter declinata, ordine quo supra sunt secuta.6 Comitatus
tamen Northfolchie 7 modum loquendi solum sum secutus, quern
solum ab infancia didici, et solotenus plenius perfectiusque cog-
no vi. Opus autem istud Promptorium parvulorum, sive cleri-
corum, peto si placeat appellari, eo quod hie seclusis scrip tis
gramatice curiosis, sub quodam quasi breviloquio, medullam tamen8
verborum continens, pre brevitate sui aut in promptu, aut de facili,
a cunctis clericis valeat possideri ; et quod in eo queritur non dis-
currendo per multa, sed statim et in promptu poterit inveniri.9
Cunctos tamen pedagogos, didasculos, sive eciam magistros, precibus
humiliter deposco, ut cum exile hoc opus perspexerint, quod Deo
me juvante sit recte scriptum approbent, et quod male aut devie
pie corrigant et emendent;10 quatinus gramatici exiles et pueri in
volumello hoc brevi, tanquam in speculo, possint inspicere, et
communia vocabula que sunt ad linguam Latinam spectantia libere
et statissime invenire: necnon et quam plures alii absque rubore
1 Majorum, K. rated in one alphabetical arrangement with
2 K. P. omitted in Harl. MS. the other parts of speech.
3 These have been omitted in the pre- 6 Subsecuta, K. perscripta, p.
sent edition. See Preface. 7 Comitatus tamen Orientalium An-
* Sub. K. p. glorum modum loquendi quern, &c. P.
5 This arrangement has, for greater fa- 8 Tantum, p.
cility of reference, been changed in the 9 K. p. invenire, Harl. MS.
present edition : the verbs are incorpo- 10 Emendant, K.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 3
post terga metencium l spicas eciam possint cblligere, qui forte aut
etatis, aut aliarum causarum pre pudore confusi, id quod minus
sciunt ab aliis discere erubescunt. Igitur quicunque sibi in hoc
opere inculto2 utilitatis aliquid solaciive perspexerint, Deo gratia s
reddant, et pro me peccatore misericorditer intercedant. EXPLICIT
preambulum in libellum predictum,3 secundum vulgarem modum
loquendi orientalium Anglorum.
Isti sunt auctores ex quorum libris collecta sunt vocabula hujus
libelli, per fratrem predicatorem reclusum Lenne Episcopi, Anno
Domini millesimo CCCC. XL0. Cujus anime propicieter Deus.
Et intitulatur liber iste Promptorium parvulorum. Hoc modo
scribuntur nomina auctorum infra in hoc libro.
Januensis in suo Catholicon . . CATH.
Uguitio in majori volumine . . UG-.
Uguitio versificatus .... UG. v.
Brito BRIT.
Mirivalensis in campo florum . . C. F.
Johannes de Garlondia, in Diccionario )
i . t D1OC.
scolastico .... 3
Commentarius curialium . . . COMM.
Libellus misteriorum qui dicitur Anglia 7
>LIB. MlbT.
que lulget .... >
Merarius . .... MER.
Distigius ...... DIST
Robertus Kylwarbi .... KYL»
Alexander Neccham .... NECC'.
Cum aliis variis libris et libellis inspectis et intellectis, Deo aclju-
vante cum tota curia celesti.4
1 K. H. P. metuencium, Harl. MS. 2 K. P. inculte, Harl. MS.
3 Qui dicitur Promptorius parvulorum, K. H. In the edition byW.de Worde the
work is entitled, Promptuarium parvulorum clericorum, quod apud nos Medulla gram-
matice appellatur.
4 This list of the Latin authorities consulted by the compiler of the Promptorium is
4 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Nota, quod quicimque alterius patrie vocabula, a dicte prime
vocabulis aut sillaba aut littera aliquo modo discrepancia, voluerit
in hoc libro inserere, caveat nt semper secunda1 litera cum prima
observetur, ut puta, non scribat HONDE pro HANDE, nee NOSE pro
NESE, aut MON pro MAN, nee KATE pro KEYE,2 et sic de aliis;
sed3 sic scribat, HANDE vel HOND, NESE vel NOSE, et sic de aliis:
quia aliter liber cito viciabitur et ordo scribendi confundetur, ac
scrutatores vocabulorum scrutando deficient, dum ea que scru-
tabuntur in locis debitis non inveniant.*
found only in the Harl. MS. and is now printed for the first time. See in the Preface
notices of the writings above enumerated.
1 K. secundam, Harl. MS.
2 In locis debitis secundum vocem literarum scribantur, K. 3 Vel K.
4 Invenient, Harl. MS. The list of authors is in the Harl. MS. placed before the
Preambulum, but has been here transposed. In the King's MS. the admonitory Note
alone, which is above given, is found at the end of the volume.
PKOMPTORIUM PABVULOBUM.
A-BACKE, or backwarde. Retro,
retrorsum.
A-BASCHYD, or a-ferdc. Territus,
perterritus,
A-BASCHEMENT, or a-fer. Terror,
pavor, formido.
A-BATYN. Subtraho.
A-BATEMENT, or wythdrawynge of
wyghte,1 or mesure, or other
thyngys, Subtractio, defalca-
tio.
ABBEYE. Abbacia.
ABBESSE. Abbatissa.
A-BYDYNNE. Expecto, prestolor.
ABYDYNGE. Expectacio.
ABYTE, i. clothynge. Habitus.
ABLE, or abulle, or abylle. Ha-
bilisj idoneus.
ABLYN, or to make able. Habi-
lito.
A-BOCCHEMENT, or a-bocchynge.2
Augmentum, CATH. Amplifica-
mentum, CATH.
ABHOMINABLE. Abhominabilis.
ABHOMINACYON. Abhominacw.
ABBOTT. Abbas.
ABOVE. Supra, superius.
ABOWTE. Circum, circa.
ABREGGYN. Abbrevio.
ABBROCHYN or attamyn a vesselle
of drynke.3 Attamino, CATH.
depleo.
ABSENCE, or beynge a-way. Ab-
sentia.
ABSENT, not here, (or a-\vay, K.)
Absens.
ABSTEYNYN. Abstineo.
ABSTYNENCE. Abstinentia.
ABSTYNENT, or absteynynge, or
he that dothe abstynence. Ab-
stinens.
ABULLE, supra in able. Habilis,
idoneus.
ABULNESSE. Habilitas, aptitudo,
idoneitas.
ABUNDANCE, or grete plente.
Abundancia.
ABUNDYN, or haue plente. Abundo.
ACENT, or assent, or grawntynge.
Assensus.
ACENTYN, (assentinge, P.) or
grawntyn. Assencio.
A-CETHEN for trespas (acethe,
K. aceth, p.).4 Satisfactio.
1 Wyghte, King's MS. weyte, P. The Harl. MS. reads mete.
8 Augmentum, adaugma, a-bocchement. MED. OR. MS. PHILL.
3 " Thilke tonne, that I shal abroche." CHAUC. Wif of Bathes Prol.
4 " And if it suffice not for asseth.1' P. PLOUHM. See Jamieson, under Assyth,
and Spelman,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ACHE, an erbe.1 Apium.
A-CHETYN. Confiscor.
ACHWYN, or fleyn. Vito, devito.
ACHUYNGE, or beynge ware (ache-
wynge, K. achue, p) Precavens,
vitans.
A-CYDE, or a-cydenandys, or a-slet,
or a-slonte (acydnande, K. acyd-
enam, p.) Oblique, vel a latere.
A-CYNEN, or ordeyn. Assigno.
A-CLOYED.2 Acclaudicatus, incla-
vatus.
ACLOYJEN, (acloyin, K.) Acclau-
dico, acclavo, inclavo.
A-COLDE. Frigidus, algidus, fri-
gorosus.
(ACOLYTE. Acolytus, P.)
A- GOMEL YD for coulde, or a-
clommyde (acomyrd, P. acorn-
bred, w.)3 Eviratus, enervatus.
A-coMERYD,4 (acombred, w. acou-
tyrd, P») Vexatus.
A-COMERYNGE, or a-comerment,
(acombrynge or a-combrement)
w. a-comyrment, P.) Vexacio.
A-CORDYD, or of
a-corde.
Concors.
(ACORDYD, or made at one,
Concordatus, P.)
A-CORDYN. Concordo.
(ACORDYNG. Concordancia, K. p.)
A-CORDYNGE, or beynge fytte or
mete. Convenio.
ACCORNE, or archarde, frute of the
oke.5 Glans.
ACCUSYD. Accusatus.
(ACCUSYN. Accuse, H. p.)
ACCUSYNGE (accusacyon, P.) Ac-
cusacio.
ADAM, propyr name. Adam.
ADAMANT, precyowse stone.6 Ada-
mas.
ADDYCYON, or puttynge to for
encrese. (addyng or puttynge
to, p.) Addicio.
ADMYTYN, or grawntyn. Admitto. ,
1 Ache, or hoppe, ORT. voc. Skinner gives ache, for smallage, from Fr. Vache,
parsley. See Cotgr.
3 " To acloye with a nayle as an yuell smythe dothe an horse foote, enclouer. Ac-
loyed as a horse's foot, enclou&." PALSG. The more usual sense of the word is as
Herman uses it. " My stomake is accloyed, fastidiosus, nauseabundus.'1'' Florio
renders inchiodare, " to clow, or pricke a horse with a naile."
3 "Jo ay la mayn si estoniye, so acomeled." GAUT. DE BIBELESW. Arundel
MS. 220. Acomlyt. MS. Phill. In the later Wycliffite version, Isaiah xxxv. 3, is read,
" Coumfort je clumsid, ether comelid hondis, and make 36 strong feble knees." MS.
Cott. Claud. E. II. In the earlier version the passage is rendered, " Coumforteth the
hondes loosid atwynne," MS. Douce. In the Latin, tlmanus dissolutas."
4 "lam accombered with corrupt humours, olruor pituita. The snoffe acombreth
the match e, that he can nat burn clere, fungi elyclmiuni obsident.'' HORM. Piers
Ploughman uses the word in the sense of to overcome, or destroy.
" And let his shepe acomber in the mire." CHAUC.
See Depos. of Ric. II. published by the Camden Society, pp. 29, 30.
5 Glans, an acharne, Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. Accharne, okecorne, ORT. v. A.S.
secern. In the curious inventory of the effects of Sir Simon Burley, who was be-
headed 1388, are enumerated, " deux pairs des pater nosters de aumlre blanc, fun coun-
trefait de Atchernes, rautre rounde" MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps.
" Lapis ferrum attrahens, an adamounde stone, magnet." WHITINTON GRAMM.
Aymant. PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
A-DO, or grete bysynesse. Sollici-
tudo.
A-DEWE, or farewelle (adwe or far
wel, P.) Vale.
AFFODYLLE herbe (affadylle, K.
p.)1 Affodillus, albucea. (A/a-
dilla, K.)
AFFECCYON, or hertyly wellwyll-
ynge. Affectio.
AFFECTE, or welwyllynge. Affec-
tus, CATH.
A-FENCE, or offence. 0/ensa.
AFENDYD, or offendyd. 0/ensus.
A-FERRE, not nye (afer, p.) ProcuL
A-FERDE (or trobelid, K. H. p.)2
Territus, perterritus (turbatus,
perturbatus, K. p.)
AFFERMYD, or grawntyd be worde.
AFFYRMYN, or grawntyn. Affirmo,
assero.
AFFERMYNGE. Affirmacio.
AFFYNYTE, or alyaunce. Affinitas?
A-FORNE (afore, p.)4 Ante, co-
ram.
A-FORNANDE (aformande, H. p.
afromhand, j. aforehande, w.)
Antea.
A-FRAY. Pavor, terror, formido.
AFFRAYED, supra. Territus, pa-
vore percussus.
AFTYR. Post.
AFTYR PARTE of a beste, or the
hyndyr (parte, p.), or the
crowpe. Clunis.
AFTYR PARTE, or hynder parte of
the schyppe. Puppis, CATH.
AFTYRWARD. Postea, postmodum
AGAS.S
AGAS, propyr name. Agatha.
A-GASTE, supra in a-ferde.
AGE. Etas, senium, senectus,
senecta.
THE vij AGYS. Prima, infancia.
quce continet vij annos ; se-
cunda, puericia, usque ad quar-
tumdecimum annum ; tercia
adolescentia, usque ad xxixm.
annum ; quarta juventus, usque
ad quinquagesimum annum ;
quinta gravitas, usqui ad lxxm.
annum ; sexta senectus, que
nullo terminatur termino (non
terminatur certo numero, p.) ;
senium est ultima pars senec-
tutis. Septima erit in resur-
rectione finali CATH.
A-GAYNE, or a-3eyne (ayen, p.).
Iterum, adhuc.
A-GEYNE, or a-gaynewarde. Retro.
A-GAYNBYER, or a raumsomere.
Redemptor.
(AGEYN BYINGE. Redemptio,
K. H. P.)
" Aifadyll, a yelowe floure, ajfrodille." PALSG.
2 Forby, in enumerating among the provincialisms of Norfolk the word afeard,
noticed that formerly it was not, as at present, synonymous with afraid.
" This wif was not aferdene affraide." CHAUC.
The Harl. MS. indeed, renders both aferde and afrayed by territus, but the reading of
the King's MS. agreeing with the printed editions, seems preferable. Aferde or tro-
belid, turbatvs, perturbatus. Compare ABASCHYD or aferde. A.S. afered, territus.
3 After AFFYNYTE, the Harl. MS. has the word A-FOYSTE, lirida. See under the
letter F.
* Aforen, aforne, afore. CHAUC. A.S. set foran.
5 The Harl. MS. gives AGAS twice, first without any corresponding Latin word,
but probably it is the same as HAGAS puddynge, tucetum.
8
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
AGYD. Antiquatus, senectus, ve-
teranus, veteratus.
AGYN, or growyn agyd. Seneo,
senesco.
AGGLOT, or an aglet to lace
wyth alle.1 Acus, aculus, (acu-
la, P.)
AGGREGGYN, or to greue more.
Aggravo.*
AGGROGGYD, or aggreuyd. Ag-
gravatus.
AGGRUGGYNGE, or a-greuynge.
Aggravacio, aggravamen.
AGGREUAUNS, Gravamen, no-
cumentum, tedium.
AGREUYD. Gravatus, ut supra.
AGRIMONY, or egrimony, herbe.
Agrimonia.
AGROTONE wyth mete or drynke
(agrotonyn, K.). Ingurgito.
AGROTONYD, or sorporryd wyth
mete or drynke.3 Ingurgitatus.
AGROTONYNGE, or sorporrynge.
Ingurgitacio.
AGWE, sekenes (ague, w.). Acuta,
querquera. c. F. CATH.
A-HA. Evax.
AKE, or ache, or akynge. Dolor.
AKYN. Doleo, CATH.
AKYR of londe. Acra.
AKYR of the see flownyge (aker,
p.)4 Impetus mar is.
ALLE, or euery dele. Totus.
ALLE, or ylke. Omnis, quilibet.
ALABASTER, a stone. Alabas-
trum, Parium, c. F.
1 "Agglet of a lace or poynt, /er. To agglet a poynt, or set on an agglet vpon a
poynt or lace, ferrer. PALSG, Wyll you set none agglettes vpon your poyntes ? en-
ferrer voz esguylettes."" This word denotes properly the tag, but is often used to signify
the lace to which it was attached. " Myn aglet, mon lasset, a point, laferrure d\n lasset.
R. PYNSON, Good boke to lerne to speke French.
2 ** Agregier, supporter avec peine." ROQUEF. LACOMBE.
3 Agroted, CHAUCER, Legend of Gr. W. is explained cloyed, surfeited.
4 This word is still of local use to denote the commotion caused in some tidal rivers,
at the flow of the tide. In the Ouse, near Downham bridge, above Lynn, the name is
eager, as also in the Nene, between Wisbeach and Peterborough, and the Ouse near York,
and other rivers. Camden calls the meeting of the Avon and Severn, higre. Compare
Skinner, under the word eager. In Craven Dial, acker is a ripple on the water. Aker
seems, however, to have had a more extended meaning, as applied to some turbulent
currents, or commotions of the deep. The MS. Poem entitled Of Knyghthode and
Batayle, Cott. MS. Titus A. xxm. f. 49, commending the skill of mariners in judging
of the signs of weather, makes the following allusion to the aker.
" Wei know they the remue yf it a-ryse,
An aker is it clept, I vnderstonde,
Whos myght there may no shippe or wynd wyt stonde.
This remue in th'occian of propre kynde
Wyt oute wynde hathe his commotioun ;
The maryneer therof may not be blynde,
But when and where in euery regioun
It regnethe, he moste haue inspectioun,
For in viage it may bothe haste and tary,
And vnavised thereof, almyscary."
Aker seems to be derived from A.S. se, water, and cer, a turn; sse-cir signifies the ebb
of the sea. C*DM. See Nares, under Higre.
1'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ALLABOWTE. Undique, circum-
Temperatus, remissus,
quaque
A-LAYDE.
permixtus.
A-LANGE, or straunge (alyande, P.)
Extraneus, exoticus.
A-LANGELY, or straungely (aly-
aundly, j.) Extranee.
A-LANGENESSE, or strawngenesse.
(alyaundnesse, J.) Extraneitas.
ALAS. Euge, euge, prodolor.
ABLASTE (alblast, P.) Balista.
ALBLASTERE. Alblastarius, (ba-
listarius, K. p.)
ALBEREY, vel alebrey (albry, p.)1
Alebrodium, fictum est.
ALKAMYE metalle (alcamyn, p.)2
Alkamia.
ALDYR TRE, or oryelle tre. Al-
nus, c. F.
ALDYRBESTE. Optimus.
ALDYRKYR (alderkerre, K. alder-
kar, p.)3 Alnetum, viz. locus ubi
alni et tales arbores crescunt,
c. F.
Minimus.
Aldirmannus, se-
ALDYRLESTE.4
ALDYRMANN.
nior.
ALDYRMOSTE.
ALDYRNEXTE.
Maximus.
Propin quiss imus.
ALE. Cervisia, c. F. cervisia
quasi Cereris vis in aqua, hec
Ceres, i. Dea frumenti ; (et hie
nota bene quod est potus Anglo-
rum, P.)
ALE whyle hys (it is, K.) newe.5
Celia, c. F. COMM.
ALLEGYANCE, or softynge of dys-
ese. Alleviacio.
ALEGGYN, or to softe, or relese
peyne. Allevio, mitigo.
ALLEGYAUNCE of auctoryte (of
auctours, P.) Allegacio.
ALEGGYN awtowrs. Allego.
ALEY yn gardeyne. Peribolus,
CATH. c. F. perambulatorium et
periobolum, UG. (perambulum,
DICO. P.)
ALEYNE, propyr name. Alanus.
ALLEFEYNTE, or feynte. Segnis.
ALLEFEYNTELYE (alfeynly, K.)
Segniter.
ALLEFULLY. Totaliter, complete.
ALGATYS, or allewey.6 Omnino,
omnimode, penitus.
ALLEHOLE fro brekynge. Integer.
ALLEHOLE, or alleheyle. Sanus,
incolumis.
ALLEHOOLY (all holy, p.) In-
tegre, integraliter, totaliter.
1 " Alebery for a sicke man, chaudeau," PALSG. ; which Cotgrave renders, caudle,
warm broth.
2 Alcamyne, arquemie, PALSG. A mixed metal, supposed to be produced by alchymy,
and which received thence the name. See Nares.
3 Carre, a wood of alder, or other trees in a moist boggy place, RAY. See Forby and
Moore. Ducange gives Icaheir, kaeyum, salictum.
4 Aller, the gen. plur. ealra, A.S. is used by Chaucer, both by itself, and compounded :
" Shall have a souper at your aller cost." Prol. Cant. Tales.
There occur also, alderfirst, alderlast, alderlevest, that is dearest of all, and alderfastest.
5 Compare GTYLDE or GILE, new ale. Celia, Orosius informs us, was the name of
a Spanish drink made of wheat, and here seems to signify the sweet and unhopped
wort.
6 " Wyll you algates do it? le voulez vous faire tout ci force?" PALSG. "I damned
thee, thou must algates be dead." CHAUC. Sompnour's Tale. A.S. Algeats, omnino.
CAMD. SOC. C
10
1'UOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ALYAUNCE, or affyriyte. Affinitas.
ALYSAUNDER, herbe, or stan-
marche.1 Macedonia.
ALYSAUNDER, propyr name. A-
lexander.
A-LYKE, or euyn lyke. Equalis.
ALLELYKELY, or euynly (a lyke
wyse or euynly, K. P.) Equal-
iter.
A-LYKE, or lyke yn lykenes. Si-
milis.
A-LYTYLLE. Modicum, parum.
A-LYVE. Vivus.
ALYEN, straunger. Extraneus,
alienus.
ALYEN, straunger of an other
londe. Altellus, altella, UG. c. F,
ALYE. Affinis.
ALY, or alyaunce. Affinitas.
ALKENKENGY, herbe morub. Mo~
rella rubea.
ALKENET herbe. Alkanea, (vlicus,
eklicus, P.)
ALMAUNDE frute (almon, p.)
Amigdalum.
(ALMAUND TRE, K. almon tre, p.
Amigdala, amigdalus, CATH.)
ALMARY, or almery.2 Almarium,
c. F. almariolum, (armarium,
p.).
ALMERY of mete kepynge, or a
saue for mete.3 Cibutum, c. F.
ALMESSE, or almos (elmesse, H. p.)
Elimosina, roga, c. F. et dicitur
elimosina db el, quod est Deus,
et moys quod est aqua, quasi
aqua Dei ; quia sicut aqua ex-
tinguit ignem, ita elemosina ex-
tinguit peccatum.
ALMESSE of mete yeuyn to powre
men, whan men haue ete. Mes-
telenium, COMM.
ALMESMANN, or woman (almesful-
man, p.). Elimosinariusy roga-
torius, rogatoria, c. F.
ALMESSHOWSE. Xenodochium,
c. F. vel xenodocium, et xeno-
dium, orphanotropliium, pro-
seuca, CATH.
ALLMY3GHTY (almyghty, p.)
Omnipotens, cunctipotens.
ALLMYGHTYHEDE. Omnipotencia,
cunctipotencia.
ALMOSTE. fere, pene, ferme.
ALONE. Solus.
ALOWANS. Allocacio.
ALOWEDE. Allocates.
ALLOWYN yn rekenynge (or re-
ken, p.). Alloco.
ALPE, a bryde.4 Ficedula, c. F.
ALLWEY. Semper, continue.
ALOM, or alym, lyke glasse (alum
glas, P.) Alumen, CATH.
ALURE, or alurys of a towre or
stepylle.5 Canal, CATH. UG.
grunda, (Canalis, P.)
1 Gerarde gives the name alexanders to the great or horse parsley, hipposelinum.
a " Almariolum, a lytell almary or a cobborde. Scrinium,Anglic6 almery." ORT. voc.
"All my lytell bokes I putt in almeries, (scriniis chartophilaciis,forulis, vel armariis)
all my greatter bokis I put in my lyberary." HORM. A.S. Almeri^a, scrinium.
3 " Almery, aumbry to put meate in, unes almoires." PALSG.
4 " Ficedula, a wodewale or an alpe." MED. GR. In Norfolk . the bull- finch is called
blood-olph, and the green grosbeak, green-olf, probably a corruption of alpe. FORBT.
Ray gives alp as generally signifying the bull-finch. See Moore.
5 The alure seems in its primary sense to have been the passage behind the battle-
ments, allorium, ambulacrum, in French alleure or allee : and which, Serving as a
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
11
AMBROSE herbe. Ambrosia, sal-
gia silvestris, OATH.1
AMBROSE, propyr name. Am-
brosius.
AMENDYD. Correctus, emendatus.
AMENDYNGE. Correctio, emen-
dacio.
AMENDYNGE, or reparacyon of
thyngys ]?at byn weryd or
a-peyryd (worn, p.) JReparacio.
AMENDYN, or reparyn. Reparo.
AMENDYN. Emendo.
AMENDYN thyngys J>at ar done
fawty. Corrigo.
AMERCYN yn a corte, or lete.
Amercio.
AMEREL of j?e see. Amirellus,
classicarius, CATH. c. F.
AMYE (Amy, propre name, P.)
Amia.
AMYSSE, or wykkydly (or euyll
done, P.) Male, nequiter.
AMYCE (amyte, H. K. p.)2 Amita,
amictus.
(AMYSE furred.3 Almicia, c. F.
K.P.).
AMONGE, or sum tyme. Inter-
dum, quandoque.
AMONGE sundry thyngys. Inter.
A-MOWYNTYN, or sygnifyyn. De-
notOj significo.
AMSOTE, or a fole (anysot, H. p.
a folt, p.) Stolidus, baburius,
c. F. insons.
AMUCE of an hare. Almucium,
habetur in horologio divine sa~
piencie.
ANCLE, infra in ankle.
ANNYS, propyr name (Anneys, H.
Annyce, p.) Agnes.
ANEYS seede or spyce.4 Anetum,
anisum.
ANELYD, or enelyd, infra in
anoyntyd.
ANELYNGE, or enelynge, infra in
anoyntynge.
ANELYN, or enelyn metalle, or
other lyke.5
channel to collect the waters that fell upon the roof, and were carried off through
the gargoilles, the term alure came to be applied to the channel itself, as it is here
rendered. See Ducange, under the words Alatorta, Allorium. Alure occurs in Ro-
bert of Gloucester.
'* Up the alurs of the castles the ladies then stood,
And beheld this noble game, and which knights were good."
" The towrs to take and the torellis,
Vautes, alouris and corneris." Kyng Alisaunder.
1 Ambrose, ache champestre, PALSG. Ambrosia, herla predulcts, wylde sawge, ORT.
voc. " Ambrose, amlroisie, the herbe called oke of Cappadocia, or Jerusalem." COTGR.
2 The amice is the first of the sacerdotal vestments : it is a piece of fine linen, of an
oblong square form, which was formerly worn on the head, until the priest arrived
before the altar, and then thrown back upon the shoulders. It was ornamented with a
rich parure, often set with jewels, which in ancient representations appears like a
standing collar round the neck of the priest. Dugdale gives an inventory in his History
of St. Paul's, taken 1295, which details the costly enrichments of the amice.
a " Ammys for a channon, aumusse" PALSG. This was the canonical vestment lined
with fur, that served to cover the head and shoulders, and was perfectly distinct from
the amyce. See almucium in Ducange.
4 The King's MS. gives Aneys herbe, anisum, and Aneyssede, anetum.
5 The word to anele was used in two senses, " to aneele a sicke man, anoynt hym with
PROMPTORItJM PARVULORUM.
ANETHY8.1 VlX.
ANTYFENERE (antyphanere, P. an-
phenere, H.) Antiphonarius,
(antiphanarium, P.)
ANGYLLE to take wyth fysche.2
Piscale, fistuca, fuscina, c. F.
(hamillus, p.)
ANGURE, or angwys (angyr K. p.)
Angor, c. F. angustia.
ANGUR, or wrathe (angyr or
wretthe, K. H. p.) Ira, ira-
cundia.
ANGRYE. Iracundus, bilosus, fel-
litus, felleus, malencolicus.
ANGWYSCHE. Angustia, agonia,
angaria.
ANYYNTYSCHYN, or enyntyschyn.
Exinanio.
ANNIUERSARY, or yereday (3er-
day, K. H.) Anniversarium, an-
niversarius.
ANKYL. Cavilla, verticillum.
ANKYR of a shyppe. Ancora.
ANKYR, recluse. Anachorita.
ANOYNTYD, or enoynted (anelyd,
or enelyd, ut supra). Inunctus.
ANOYNTYN (or enoynten, p.)
Inungo, ungo.
ANOYNTYNGE, or enoyntynge (an-
elynge, or enelynge, ut supra).
Inunctio.
A-NOON, or as-faste (anon, H.P.)
Confestim, protinus, mox, cito,
statim, illico.
A-NOTHYR. Alter, alius.
ANSWERE. Responsum, respon-
sio, antiphona.
AWNSWERYN. Respondeo.
ANTYLOPPE, beste. Tatula, c. F.
(ANTYM. Antiphona, K. H. P.)
ANTONY, propyr name. Antonius.
APE, a beste. Simia.
A-PECE (abce, P. apecy, K.3) Al-
phabetum, abecedarium, c. F.
A-PECE (abce, P.) lerner, or he J>at
lernythe ]?e abece. Alphabeticus,
abecedarius, c. F.
APECHYNGE.-* Appellacio.
A-PECHOWRE, or a-pelowre. Ap-
pellator.
APEYRYNGE, or apeyrement.5 Pe-
joracio, deterioracio.
APPEYRYN, or make wors. Pe-
joro, deterioro.
A-PEEL, or apelynge, supra in
apechynge (apel, H.)
holy oyle. I lefte hym so farre past, that he was houseled and aneeled, communie et en-
huylle : and to aneel a potte of erthe or suche lyke with a coloure, plommer." PALSG.
As applied to metal it signifies to enamel, and occurs in that sense. Lacombe and
Roquefort give the word neelle, emaille.
1 In Robert of Glouc. Wiclif and Chaucer, this word is written vnnethe, vnnethis.
A. Saxon Un-eafte, vix.
2 A. Sax. Angel, hamus. In the St. Alban's Book, 1496, is a treatyse of fysshynge
with an angle; Shakespeare uses the word to signify the implement of fishing. " Angle
rodde, verge ci pescher." PALSG. Angle twache, lumbricus, which occurs in Vocabida
Stanbrigii, 1513, seems to be the worm serving for a bait. A. Sax. Angeltwecca. ELFR.
3 Cotgrave renders Abect, an abcee, the crosse row.
4 Appeyching, accusement. PALSG. Fabyan relates that, in 1425, many honeste
men of the cytye were apeched of treason." Apescher, to impeach. KELHAM.
5 "A litil sourdow apeyreth al the gobet " 1 Cor. v. WICL. R. Brunne uses the
•verb to apeire, which occurs also in Chaucer, Cant. Tales :
" To apeiren any man, or him defame."
" To appyre, or waxe worse, empirer." PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
13
APPELYN. Appello, CATH.
A-PELE of belle ryngynge (apele
of bellis, P.) Classicum, CATH.
APPERYN. Appareo, compareo.
A-PLEGGE (apledge, P.) Obses,
CATH. vas.
APPLYED. Applicatus.
APPLY YN. Applico, oppono.
APPLYYNGE. Applicacio.
(APOSEN, or oposyn. Oppono,
K. H. P.)
APOSTATA, he J>at leuythe hys
ordyr. Apostata.
APOSTUME (apostym, K. p.) Apos-
tema.
APOSTYLLE. Apostolus.
APRYLE monythe (Aprel, H.)
April*.
APPULLE, frute. Pomum, malum.
APPULLHORDE. Pomarium,
CATH.
APPULKEPER. Pomarius, po-
milio, porno, c. P.
APPULMOCE, dyschmete (appul-
mos, p.)1 Pomacium, c. p.
APPULLSELLER. Pomilius, po-
milia, CATH. pomilio, c. F. UG.
APPULLE tree. Pomus.
APPULLYERDE, or gardeyne, or
orcherde. Pomerium, CATH. c. F.
cum e et non cum a.
A-QUEYNTE, or knowen. Notus,
cognitus, agnitus.
A-QUEYNTAWN8E. Notida, COg-
nitio, agnitio.
AQUEYNTYN, or to make know-
leche (make knowen, p.) Noti-
fico, notum facto.
AQWYTTE. Quietatus, acquie-
tatus.
AQWYTAWNCE (or quitaunce, P.)
Acquietancia.
AQWYTYN, or to make qwyte and
sekyr. Acquieto*
AQWYTYN, or qwytyn and yeldyn.
JReddo,
ARAGE, herbe.2 Attriplex (artri-
plex, P.)
A- RAY, or a-rayment. Orna-
tus, apparatus, ornamentum,
cultus.
ARAYMENT. Paramentum.
A-RAYN, or clo]?yn (arayen, p.)
Induo, vestio.
A-RAYN, or to make honeste (ara-
yen, P.) Orno, . adorno, ho-
nesto, decuso, decora, c. F.
KYLW.
ARAYNE, or ordeynyd (arayen or
ordeyne, P.) Ordino, paro.
ARAYNYE, or erenye, or sonde.3
Arena.
1 Recipes for making this dish occur in the Form of Cury, pp. 42, 96, and other
ancient books of cookery. See Harl. MS. 279, f. 16 b. Kalendare de Potages dyuers,
Apple muse ; and Cott. MS. Julius, D. vin. f. 97. The following is taken from a MS.
of the XV. cent, in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps. " Appyl mose. Take and
sethe appyllys in water, or perys, or bothe togyder, and stamp heme, and strayne heme,
and put heme in a dry potte, with hony, peper, safferone, and let hit haue but a boyle,
and serue hit forthe as mortrewys."
2 " Atrip lex domestica, Arage, or medlus." ROY. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 66 b, where its
virtues are detailed. Arage, (troche. PALSG.
3 There seems evidently here an error of the scribe in the Harl. MS. Arayn, ac-
cording to Ray, is the name given in Nottinghamshire to the larger kind of spiders. It
is used also in Yorkshire. The Latin-English Dictionary in Mr. Wilbraham's library
renders aranea an arayne, arantinus, an erayn webbe : the former word is in the Me-
dulla rendered, an attercoppe. See further, under ERANYE.
14
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(ARANYE, or erayne. Aranea,
K. H. P.)
ARBYTROWRE. Arbiter.
ARCHANGEL yn heuyn (arcawngel,
H.). Archangelus.
ARCHANGEL, defe nettylle (arc-
aungell, P.) Archangelus.
ARS, or arce (aars, H.) Anus,
culus, podex.
ARSWYSPE. Maniperium, Dice.
anitergium.
ARCETER, or he fat lernethe or
techethe arte (arcetyr, H. K. p.)1
Artista.
ARCH yn a walle. Archus.
ARCHER. Sagittarius.
ARCHERYE. Sagittaria, arcus,
CATH.
A-RECHYN, or strecchyn (astretch-
yn, P.) Attingo.
A-RENGE, or a-rewe (arowe, p.)2
Seriatim.
A-RESTE, or resty, as flesche (arees-
tyd, K. areest or reestyd, p.)
Rancidus.
A-RESTER, or a-tacher, or a catch-
erel, or a catchepolle. An-
garius, apparitor, CATH. c. F.
A-RESTE, or a-restyuge. Ares-
tacio.
A-RE8TENE8SE, or a-restenesse of
flesshe.3 Rancor, rancitas.
ARESTYN, or a-tachyn. Aresto,
attachio.
ARGUMENTE. Argumentum.
(ARKAWNGELL, or archaungel.
Archangelus, H. p.)
ARME. Brachium.
ARMEHOOLE. Acella, subyrcus,
CATH. in brachium.
ARMYN. Anno.
ARMYS, of auncetrye. Anna.
ARMURE (armoure, P.) Anna,
armamentum, c. F. armatura.
ARNESTE, or hanselle (or ernest,
H. P. ansal, K. Strena, p.).
ARNESTE, or erneste, seryowste.
Seriositas.
ARNESTELY, or ernestely. Seriose.
A-ROWME, or morevttere.4 Remote,
deprope, seorsum.
ARTE. Ars.
ARTYN, or constraynyn. Arto,
coarto, stringo, astringo, con-
stringo.
AROWE. Sagitta.
ARWE, or ferefulle (arwhe, K.
arowe, or ferdfull, (p.)5 Ti-
midus, pavidus, formidolus,
formidolosus.
1 Arcetour, arcien. PALSG. Roquefort explains arcien, as etudiant en philosophic,
artifex, artalus.
2 " I shall tell the all the story a-rewe, perpetuo tenore rem txpUcabo." HORM.
The monkish chronicler Dowglas relates of the miracles " the wiche God schowed for
Seinte Thomas of Lancaster, that a blind priest dreamed that if he went to the place
where the Earl had been slain he schulde have ayenne his sighte ; and so he dremed
iij nightes arewe." Harl. MS. 4690, f. 64 b.
* Among recipes of the XIV. century in a MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps
is one "to sauen venesone of rasticiphe (or rastischipe)." See the Roll of A.D. 1381, in
Forme of Cury, p. Ill, "to do away Resty ng of Venisone." Skinner derives resty
from A. Sax. rust, rubigo.
4 " Aroume he hovyd, and withstood." Rich. C. de Lion. The word occurs in K.
Alls, 3340, Chaucer, Book of Fame, B. n. 32. See Wilbraham's Cheshire Glossary,
under the word rynt.
5 A. Sax. earj, ignavus, eargian, torpescere pro timore. The word arwe occurs in
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
15
ARWYGYLL worme.1 Aurealle.
(aurialis, r.) UG. in auris.
As. Quasi, sic, veluti.
A-SAYYD. Temptatus, probatus.
A-SAYYN. TemptOj attempto.
A-SAYLYD. InSultUS.
A-SAYLYN. InSllio. CATH.
A-SAYLYNGE. InSultUS.
A-SCHAMYD, or made a-shamyd.
Verecundatus.
A-SHAMYD, or shamefaste. Vere-
cundus, pudorosus.
ASSE, a beste. Asinus.
ASSENEL, poyson (assenyke, py-
sone, K. H. P.) Squilla, c. F.
ASSENT, or acent, or a graunte.
Assensus.
ASFASTE, or a-noon (asfast, or
anone, P.) Statim, confestim,
protinus, mox.
ASSYNGNYN, supra in acynyfi
(asynyn or acynyn, p.)
ASKER. Petitor, postulator.
ASKYS, or aschys (aske or asche,
K. H. p.)2 Ciner^ cinis, c. F.
ASKYSYE (askefise", K. p. aske-
fyse, H.3) Ciniflo, UG. in flo,
CATH.
ASKYN. Peto, postulo, posco.
ASKYNGE. Peticio, postulacio.
ASCHE tre. Fraxinus.
ASLET or a-slowte (asloppe, H.
a slope, P.) Oblique.
ASOYLYN of synnys (or defautes,
p.) Absolve.
ASOYNYD, or refusyd. Refutatus,
ASOYNYN.
ASOYNYNGE, or refusynge. Re-
futacio.
ASPE tre. Tremulus.
A-SPYJE (aspye, K. H. p.), or a
spye. Explorator.
ASPYYN. Explore.
ASPYYNGE. Exploracio.
ASPYYD (aspyed, or perceytied,
perceptus, H. P.) Exploratus.
C. de Lion, i. 3821. " Frensche men am arwe and feynte." In Yorkshire arfe is used
in the sense of fearful. See Boucher, under the words Arew, Arf, Arghe, and Arwe ;
and Jamieson, under Erf, and Ergh. P. Ploughman uses the verb to arwe, to render
timid.
1 This insect is called in Norfolk, erriwiggle. FORBY. In the Suffolk dialect, arra-
wiggle. MOORE. A. S. ear-wi^ga, vermis auricularis.
2 A. Sax. Axe, axsa, cinis. See Boucher, under the word Ass.
3 The reading of the Harl. MS. Askysye, is here given, although probably it is an error,
by inadvertence of the scribe. The printed editions all agree with the other MSS. in
giving the word Askefise. In the MS. of the Medulla Gramm. in the possession of Sir
Thomas Phillipps, No. 1022, ciniflo is rendered, an aske fyse ; and in another, No. 1360,
" ciniphlo, a fyre blowere, an yryn hetere, an askefyce." The word does not occur in
several MSS. of the Medulla in the Brit. Mus., nor in the Ortus Vocabulorum, but in
Mr. Wilbraham's curious Latin-English Dictionary, printed about the same time as
the Promptuarium, ciniflo is explained to be one " qui fiat in cinere, vel qui preparat
pulverem muliebrem. Anglice, aske fyste, a fyre blawer, or an yrne hotter." The
Harl. MS. 2257, a variety of the Medulla, renders the word "a heter of blode iren, or
an axe wadelle ; " and it appears in Ihre's Lexic. Suiogoth. v. Aska, that askefis was
applied as a term of reproach to those who remained indolently at home by the fireside,
as axewaddle is used in Devonshire. See Palmer's Glossary, and Boucher under the
word Axewaddle.
16
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ASTELLE, a schyyd (astyl schyde.1
K. shyde, P.) Teda. c. F. as-
tute, CATH, cadia.
ASTYLLABYRE, instrument (as-
tyrlaby, p.) Astrolabium,
C. F.
ASTONYED, or a-stoyned yn man-
nys wytte. Attonitus, conster-
natus, stupefactus, perculsus.
ASTONYD, as mannys wytte. At •
tonOj CATH. UG. in tono,
ASTONYNGE, or a-stoynynge yn
wytte. Stupefactio, conster-
natio, attonicio.
ASTOYNYN, or brese werkys.
(astoyn, or brosyn, P.) Quatio,
quassOj CATH.
ASTORYN, or instoryn wyth nede-
fulle thyngys. Instauro.
ASTRAY, or a best J?at goythe
astray. Palans, c. F. vagula,
CATH.
ASTRAYLY (astray, or astrayly,
p.) Palabunde, KYLW.
(ASTRETCHYN or arechyn. At-
tingo, P.)
(ASTROLOGERE. Astrologus, p.)
(ASTROLOGY. Astrologia, p.)
ASTRONOMERE. Astronomus.
ASTRONOMYE. Astronomia.
A- STRUT, or stmtyngly (strowt-
ingly, P.) Turgide.
A-SUNDYR. Distinctus, divisus,
disjunctus.
A-SONDYR, or brokyn. Fractus.
A-SUNDERLY. Disjunctim, separ-
atim, divisim.
AsuRE.2 Asura.
ASURYN, or insuryn. Assecuro,
securo.
ATTACHYN, supra in arestyn.
ATHAMYD, as a wessel wyth drynke,
(atamed, p.)3 Attaminatus,i>icc.
depletus, CATH.
ATTAMYN a wesselle wyth drynke,
or abbrochyn. Attamino, depleo.
ATTHAMYNGE of a wesselle wyth
drynke. Attaminacio, depletio.
A-TASTYN. Pregusto.
ATTEYNYN, supra in strechyn
(astretchyn, P.).
ATTEYNTYN. Convince.
ATTYR, fylthe.4 Sanies.
ATTYRCOPPE.S Aranea.
1 See SCHYYD. Astelte, estelle, copeau, tclat de bois, ROQUEF. a piece of a wooden
log cleft for burning.
3 " Lazirium, i. e* incaustum, or aaur colour," ORT. voc. See Ducange, under the word
Lazur; and directions " for to make fyn azure of lapis lazuli," and distinguishing lapis
lazuly from " lapis almaine, of whiche men maken a blew bis azure." Sloan. MS. 73,
f. 215 b.
3 John de Garlandia says, " Precones vini clamant gtda hiante vinum attaminatum, in
tabernis, portando vinum temptandum, fusum in cratere," which the gloss renders
atamyd. Liber dictus Diccionarius, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 177 b.
4 A. Sax. Atter, venenum. "This sore is full of matter, or ater; purulenlum."
HORM. Atter has the same sense in Norfolk at the present time, and Skinner mentions
the word as commonly used in Lincolnshire. See WHYTOUWRE.
5 A. Sax. Atter-coppa, aranea, literally a cup, or head of poison. See a curious tale
of the effect of the venom of the atturcoppe at Shrewsbury, in the Preface to Lang-
toft's Chron Hearne, i. p. cc. The Medulla renders aranea, an attercoppe, and the
English Gloss, on the " Liber vocatus Equus," Harl. MS. 1002, f. 114, explains the
same word as addurcop. Palsgrave gives " Addircop or Spiners web, Araignte ;" and
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
17
A-TYRE, or tyre of women.1 Re-
dimiculum, CATH. cultus, c. F.
A-TYRYN yn womeyns a-ray, supra
in ARAYN. Redimio, orno, CATH.
ATREET (atrete, P.) Tractatim,
(tractim, distincte, K.)
A-TWYXYN (atwexyn, H. atwyxt,
p.) Inter.
A-TURNEYE (aturne, K. H. P.)
Suffectus, c. F. atturnatus, sub-
stitutus.
ATTE ]JE LASTE. Tandem, de-
mum, novissime.
A-WHYLE (avayle, K. p. awayt,
w.)2 Profectus, proventus,
emolumentum.
A-VAYLYN, or profytyn. Valeo,
prosum, CATH.
A-WAYTE, or waytynge (awayt-
inge, P.) Exploracio, explo-
ratus.
(AWAYTINGE, or takinge heede,
p. Attendens.')
A-VAUNCEMENT. Beneficium.
A-VAUNCYD (avauntyd, H. avaunt-
ed, P.) Beneficiatus.
A-VAUNCE, orboste (avaunt, K. p.)
Jactancia, arrogancia.
A-VAUNTYN, or boostyn.3 Jacto,
arrogo, ostento.
A-VANTAGE (auauntage, P.) Pro-
ventus, CATH. emolumentum,
avauntagium, (prerogativa, p.)
AWBE (awlbe, P.) Alba, poderis,
CATH.
AWBEL or ebelle tre (ebeltre,
K. p.)4 Ebonus, viburnus,
Dice, (ebenus, p.)
AWBURNE coloure. Citrinus.
AWE or drede. Timor, pavor, ter-
ror, formido.
A-WEY, or nott here. Absens.
AUELONGE (awelonge, H. awey-
longe, p.)5 Oblongus.
AVENCE herbe.6 Avancia, sana-
munda.
Ray says that in Cumberland the word attercob signifies the web, as it does also in York-
shire. See BOUCHER and JAMIESON. In the Legenda Aurea, spiders are called spyn-
coppes. Saynt Felyx, f. 72. In Trevisa's version of the Polychronicon, it is said that
in Ireland " there ben attercoppes, bloode-soukers, and eeftes that doon none harme."
Caxton, f. 63, b.
1 " Atyre for a gentilwomans heed, atour.'"" PALSG. See hereafter under TYRE.
2 " Auayle, prouffit" PALSG. See an enactment in Rot. Parl. VI. 203, regarding
certain manors " with all proufites and avayles to the same perteyning."
3 " Though you do neuer so many good dedes, you lese your mede if you auaunte
you of them, se vanter."* PALSG. The word occurs in another sense in Elyot's Librarie,
"Vendito, to sell often, to auaunt, venditatio, an auaunt."
4 It is very doubtful what tree is here intended. Forby observes that in Norfolk
the asp tree, populus tremula, is called ebble, which seems to be merely a variation of
abele, the name given by botanists to the populus alba. In a vocabulary in Harl.
MS. 1002, viburnum is rendered "a awberne." The Promptuary gives hereafter EBAN
TRE, Ebanus. In early French writers the " lois cTaubor " is often mentioned as in
esteem for making bows ; but its nature has not been satisfactorily explained, and pos-
sibly it may have been identical with the awbel. In German the yew tree is called eben.
6 This word occurs again hereafter, WARPYN, or wex wronge or avelonge as vesselle,
oblongo. In Harl. MS. 1002, f. 119, oblongo is rendered to make auelonge ; and in the
editor's MS. of the Medulla, oblongus is rendered auelonge. A. S. Awoh, oblique.
Moore gives the word arellong, used in Suffolk, when the irregular shape of a field
interferes with the equal distribution of the work.
6 Avens, caryophillata, SKIN.NER. The virtues attributed, at the time the Promp-
CAMD. 80C. D
18
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
AVENE of corn (awene, K. awne,
p.)1 Arista, CATH.
AvENERE.2 Abatis, duorum ge-
nerum, CATH.
A- VENTURE. Fortuna.
A-AVERE, or dowte (awe, K. p.)3
Dubium, ambiguum, per-
plexus.
AWFYN of ]>e chekar.4 Alfinus.
AwcRYM.5 Algarismus.
AVYSEMENT. Indicie, deliberacio.
AVYSYD. Provisus, avisatus.
A-VYSYN. Delibero.
AWKE, or angry.6 Contrarius,
bilosus, perversus.
AWKE, or wronge. Sinister.
(AWKLY, or wrongly, K. Sinistre.)
AWKELY, or wrawely. Perverse,
contrarie, bilose.
AWMBRERE, or awemenere (awm-
nere, K. awmener or amner, p.)7
Elemosinator, rogatorius, c. F.
AWMEBRY, or awmery. Elemosi-
narium, rogatorium.
torium was compiled, to auaunce, by some called barefoot, which it resembles, may be
found in Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 67, b. It was used in cookery ; see the Forme of
Cury, p. 13. By modern botanists it is known as i\\sgeum.
1 "Arista, spica, an awne of corne, an ere, or a glene." DICT. WILBR.
2 The avenere was an officer of the household who had the charge of supplying pro-
vender for the horses. A curious account of his duties occurs in MS. Sloane, 1986, f.
28, b. quoted in Boucher's Glossary. See Abatis in Ducange and Spelman. The
Clerk Avenar occurs in the Household Book of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511 ; his
duties were " for breving daily of horssemete and liuereis of fewell." Ant. Repert, iv. 233.
3 " I stand in a wer, whether I may go or turne agayne, hesito." HORM.
4 The awfyn or alphyn was anciently the name of the bishop in the game of chess.
Hyde derives it from the Arabic, al-fil, an elephant. The piece was called by the French
fol, at an early period, and subsequently aufin. The third chap, of the seconde trac-
tate of Caxton's game of the Chesse, 1474, " tretethe of the Alphyns, her office ande
maners. The Alphyns oughte to be made ande formede in manere of Juges syttynge
in a chayer withe a book open to fore their eyen. Theyr offyce is for to counceylle
the Kynge." " Alfyn, a man of the chesse horde, avlfin." PALSG. See Ducange,
Douce's Remarks on the European names of Chessmen, Archseol. xi. p. 400, and Sir F.
Madden 's remarks on the chess-men found in Lewis, Archseol. xxiv. p. 225. Horman,
speaking of chess, says, " We shulde have 2 kyngis, and 2 quyens, 4 alfyns, 4 knyghtis,
4 rokis, and 16 paunis." f. 282. b.
5 " Augrym, algorisme. To counte, reken by cyfers of agryme, enchifrer. To cast
an accomptes in aulgorisme with a penne, enchifrer. To cast an accomptes with
counters, after the aulgorisme maner, calculer. To cast an accomptes after the comen
maner, with counters, compter par iect. I shall reken it syxe times by aulgorisme, or
you can caste it ones by counters." PALSG. It would hence appear that towards the
commencement of the XVIth century the use of the Arabic numerals had in some
degree superseded the ancient mode of calculating by the abacus ; and counters, which,
at the period when the Promptorium was compiled, were generally used. Hereafter we
find the word COUNTINGE BORDE as an evidence. They were not indeed wholly dis-
used at a time long subsequent : an allusion to calculation by counters occurs in Shake-
speare, and later authors prove that they had not been entirely discarded. Algorithm
or algorism, a term universally used in the XlVth and XVth centuries to denote the
science of calculation by 9 figures and zero, is of Arabic derivation.
6 " Aukwarde frowarde, peruers. Aukwar leftehanded, gauche, Auke stroke, reuers."
PALSG.
7 " Saynt Johan the Elemosner was mercyfull in suche wyse that he was called al-
PROMPTORIUM PAHVULOKUM.
19
AWMBLARE, as a horse (awmilere,
K.H. aumlinge horse, p.)1 Gra-
darius, c. F. ambulator, ambu-
larius.
AWMYR, or ainbyr (awmbyr, K. H.
p.) Ambra, c. F.
(AUMENERE, H. awmener or am-
nere, p. Elemosinarius.}
AWNCETYR. Progenitor.
AWNCETRYE. Progcnitura, pro-
sapia, herilitas.
AWNDERNE (awndyryn, K. awn-
dyrn, p.)2 Andena, ipoporgium,
c. F.
AWNGEL. Angelus.
AWNSCHENYD (auncenyd, p.)
Antiquatus, veteranus.
AWNTE, moderys systyr. Ma-
teria, CATH. Tia, c. F.
AWNTE, faderys systyr. Amita,
CATH. (aunta, p.)
AWNTYR or happe (auuter, p.)3
Fortuna, fortuitus.
AWNTRON (awntryn, K. aventryn,
p.)4 Fortuno, CATH.
AWNTEROWS, or dowtefulle. For-
tunalis, fortuitus.
AWNTEROWSLY. Forte, fortasse,
forsan.
A-VOYDAWNCE. EvaCUdtio.
A-VOYDYD. Evacuatus.
A-voYDEN.5 JEvacuo, devacuo.
A-vowE.6 Votum.
A-WOWYN, or to make a-wowe.
(auowen, or make auowe, p.)7
Voveo.
A-VOWYN, or stonde by the for-
sayde worde or dede. Advoco,
CATH.8
A-VOWTERE (avoutrere, H.P. ayow-
terere, K.) Adulter, Adultera.
A-VOWTRYE. Adulterium,
mosner, or amener." LEG. AUR. f. 83. At the inthronization of Abp. Warham, 1504,
to each of the tables was appointed an almner, with sewer, panter, and other officers.
LEL. COLL. vi. 18. Of the duties of the " aumenere " at the table of a great lord, see
a curious English poem, of the times of Henry VI. appended to the " Boke of Cur-
tasye." Sloan. MS. 1986, f. 43. De offidariis in curiis Dominorum.
" Amblyng horse, kacqiienee." PALSG.
2 Among " thingis that ben vsed after the hous," in Caxton's Boke for Travellers,
"upon the herthe belongeth woode or turues, two andyrons of yron (brandeiirs) , a
tonge, a gredyron." " Awndyrene, andena." Vocab. Roy. MS. " Aundyern, chenet."
PALSG. " I lacke a fyre pan and andyars to bere up the fuel. Alaribus vel ypopyrgiis"
HORM. It appears that andyrons and dogs were not identical, as generally is understood,
for in the Inventory of Sir Henry Unton's effects, 1596, printed by the Berkshire Ash-
molean Society, the two are enumerated as occurring together, and both occur also
singly. Cotgrave renders " chenets, and landiers, andirons ; harpon defer pour retenir
et arrester u>i poultre, dogge of iron."
" Aunter, adventure." PALSG. " He bosteth his dedes of aunters." HORM.
' To aunter, put a thyng in daunger, or aduenture, aduenturer." PALSG.
5 " To auoyde as water dothe that ronneth by a gutter or sytike, se vuyder. To blede,
or auoyde bloode." PALSG.
6 Ji Auowe, veu." PALSG. This word occurs in R. de Brunne, Wiclif, and Chaucer.
The phrase " perfourmed his auowe " occurs in the Legenda Aurea, f. 47.
7 "I have auowed my pylgrymage unto our lady of Walsyngham, fai aduoue."
PALSG. In the same book the word is used in a sense somewhat different. " To auowe,
warrant, or make good or upholde, as in marchaundyse or such like. Take this clothe
of my worde, I auowe it for good,> le pleuuyt."
8 " But I wol not avowen that I say." CHAUC.
20
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
AWTERE. Altare, ara.
AWTERSTONE. Superctltare.
AWTORYTE (auctorite, p.) Auc-
toritas.
AWTOWRE. Auctor.
AXYLTRE, or exyltre. Axis.
( AXE, or exe to hewe, P. Securis,
dolabra.)
A-JENE (ayen, p.) Iterum, adhuc,
rursum, rursus.
A-JENS, or a-gens (ayens or ageyne,
p.) Contra, adversus.
A-3ENWARDE (ayenwarde, P.) E
contrario, e converse.
A-JEN WYLLE (ayen wyll, P.) In-
vite.
BABE, or lytylle chylde. Infans,
puerilus, pusillus, pusio, DIST.
BABEWYN, or babewen (babwyn,
or babwen, p.)1 Detippus, c. F.
ipos, figmentum, chimera.
BABLYN, or waveryn (babelyn, p.)
Librillo.
BABELYNGE, or wauerynge. Va-
cillacio, librillacio.
BABULLE, or bable (babyll, p. )2 Li-
brilla, CATH. pegma, c. F. CATH.
BABYRLYPPYD. Labrosus, CATH.S
BAKER or baxter (bakstar, p.)
Pistor, panicius, CATH. pani-
jicus, panifex, panificator.
BACE, or fundament. Basis.
BACE, fysche.4
BACE CHAMBYR. JBassaria, vel
camera bassaria, sive camera
bassa.
BACE PLEYE. Barrus. Barri, bar-
rorum, dantur ludi puerorum.
BACENETT. Cassis, CATH. in gated.
BACHELERE. Bacularius, bach-
illarius, bachalarius.
BACUN FLESCHE. PetasO) baco.
BAD, or wykyde. Mains.
BADDE, or nowght worthe. In-
validus.
BADLY, or wykkydly. Male, inique.
(BAFFYN as howndys, K. H. p.
Baulo, baffo, latro.}
BAFFYNGE as howndys folowynge
her pray. Nicto, CATH. UG.
glatio.
BAFFYNGE or bawlynge of
howndys. Baulatus, baffatus.
BAGE, or bagge of armys (badge,
p.)5 Banidium,) bannidium,
KYLW.
1 " Babwyne beest, 'baboyn.'" PALSG.
" Librilla, baculus cum corrigia plumbata ad librandum carnes. Pegma, baculus
cum massa plumli in summitate pendente, et ut (Licit Ccrnutits tuli baculo scenici lude-
lant.'1'1 CATH. " Librilla dicilur instrumentum librandi, idem est perculiendi lapides in
castra, i. mangonus, a bable, or a dogge malyote." ORT. voc. In the Vocabulary, Roy.
MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 56, b. occur under Nomina armorum, with mase and other weapons,
" Dog babulle, babrilla, Babulle, Pegr/na." Palsgrave renders " Bable for a foole,
marolte." See Douce's Illustrations of Shakespeare, where will be found numerous
representations of the bauble. Baulella, in old French babioles, trinkets, gewgaws.
3 Piers Ploughman describes Covetyse as " byttel browede and baberlupped." In old
French the thick lips of some animals are called babeines. ROQOEP.
4 " Bace, ung bar." PALSG. " Lubin, a base, or sea wolfe. Ear, the fish called a
base." COTGR. The basse, or sea perch, the lupus of the Romans, latrax lupus,
cuv. seems to be the fish here intended, and not the coal-fish, according to the explan-
ation in Boucher's Glossary.
" Badge of a gentylman, la deuise d'ung Seigneur."" PALSG. It was a cognisance
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
21
BAGGE, or poke (pocke, K.) Sac-
culus,
BAGGE, or sacchelle (sechelle, K.)
Saccellus.
BAGGYN, or bocyn owte, quere
infra in bocyn. Tumeo.
BAGGE PYPE. Panduca, KYLW.
(BAGGE PYPERE. Panducarius, P.)
(BAHCHE, orbakynge, K.batche, p.
Pistura.)
BAY frute. Bacca.
BAY, or wyth-stondynge. Obsta-
culum.
BAYYD, as a horse (bay, p.) Ba-
dius, UG. et ibi nota omnes
colores equorum.
BAYYN, or berkyn a-yene (ageyne,
p.) Relatro.
BAYNYD, as benys or pesyn.1 Fre-
sus.
(BAKKE, flyinge best, K. bak,
p. fleynge byrde, w.2 Vesper-
tilio.)
BAKKE. Dor sum.
BAKKE of a beste. Tergus, CATH.
BAKKE of man, or woman. Ter-
gum, CATH.
BAKKE of egge toole. Ebiculum.
BAKKEBYTERE. Detractor, de-
tractrix, oblocutor, oblocutrix.
BAGBYTYN (bakbyten, p.) De-
traho, detracto, CATH.
(BAKBYTYNG, K. backebytinge, p.
Detraction oblocutio.}
BAKHOWSE, or bakynge howse.
Pistrina, pistrinum, CATH.
BAKYN, or to bake. Pinso, pani-
fico.
BAKYN, or bake (baked, p.)
Pistus.
BAKYN vnder ]>e askys (aschys,
K.). Subcinericius.
BAKYNGE (or bahche, K.) Pis-
tura.
BAKYNGE howse. Panificium.
BAKWARD, or bakstale.3 A retro.
BAXTER, supra in baker (bakstare,
K. P.)
BAKUN, supra in bacun.
BAKWARDE. Retro, retrorsum.
BALLE of pley. Pila.
BALLE of fe ye (iye, p.) Pupilla.
BALKE yn a howse.4 Trabes,
trabecula, COMM.
or ornament, forming part of the livery assigned by a chieftain to his followers, which
led to the use of uniforms. The word is probably derived from A.S. beag, corona,
armilla. See in Harl. MS. 4632, an interesting list of badges of cognisance, printed in
Collect. Topogr. et Genealogica, vol. III. p. 54.
1 This word seems to signify shelled, and consequently prepared for the table, from
bayn, ready. See Jamieson and Boucher. In Norfolk bein means pliant or limber,
FORBY. Compare BEYN or plyaunte, which occurs hereafter.
3 " Lucifuga, quedam avis lucem fugiens, a backe." OUT. voc. " Backe, a beest
that flyeth, chauvesouris." PALSG. " Vespertilio, a reremouse or backe." ELIOT.
A.S. Hrere-mus.
3 Bakstale may be derived from A. S. stael, stal, locus, status. In German stellen
signifies to place.
4 " With his owen hand than made he ladders three,
To climben by the renges and the stalkes
Unto the tubbes honging in the balkes." CHAUC. Miller's Tale.
A.S. Bale, trabs. " Trades, a beame, or a balke of a hous." ORT. voc. " Balke,
pouste," i. e. poutre. PALSG.
22
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BALPLEY, or pley (plainge, P.)
at ]>e balle. Pililudus.
BALPLEYERE. Pililudius, lipi-
dulus idem est, ludipilus.
BALAUNCE. Statera, libra, falanx
(balanx, p.) trutina.
BALDEMOYN (baldmony, K. balde-
monye, p.)1 Genciana.
BALE, or bane.2 Mortiferum,
toxicum, letiferum, letale.
BALE of spycery, or other lyke.
Bulga, c. F.
BALLE, schepys name. Ballator,
ballatrix (balator, P.)
BALEYS.S Virga.
BALY (baley, p.)4 Ballivus.
BALY, or seriaunt men arestynge.
Angarius, OATH, apparitor.
BALLYD. Calvus.
BALLYDNESSE. Calvicies.
BALYSCHEPE (balyshype, K.)
Balliatus.
BALKE in a howse, supra. Trabs.
BALKE of (on, p.) a londe eryd.5
Porca, OATH.
BALKYN, or to make a balke yn a
londe (in erynge of londe, P.)
Porco, c. F. in porca.
BJCLKYN, or ouerskyppyn. Omitto.
BALHEW,or pleyn (balwe,or playne,
p.)6 Planus.
BANNARE, or cursere. Impre-
cator, imprecatrix, maledicus,
maledica.
BANE, or poyson (supra in bale,
p.) Vide supra. Mortiferum,
exitium, intoxicum, letiferum.
BANE of a pley (or manage, p.)
Banna, coragium, c. F. (pre-
ludium, P.)
1 " Look how a sick man for his hele
Takith baldemoyn with the canele." GOWER.
Of the virtues attributed to this herb, see Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. " Genciana ys an herbe
that me clepyth baldemoyne, or feldewort."
2 The signification here given to bale is uncommon ; its usual meaning is mischief,
woe or calamity. Thus Hampole, in the Pricke of Conscience, calls the day of doom
" the day of bale and bitterness." A.S. Balew, exitium.
3 Hereafter occurs in the Promptorium JERDE baleys, virga. Virga is rendered a ^erde
or a rodde, MED. and ORT. voc. ; and such the baleys seems to have been, and not a
besom, balai, in the present sense of the word. Matthew Paris relates that in 1252 a
person came to perform penance at St. Alban's, "ferens in manu mrgam quatn vulga-
riter baleis appellamus," with which he was disciplined by each of the brethren. Wats
in the Glossary observes, " Ita Norfolcienses mei vacant mrgam majorem, et ex pluribus
longioribus viminibus ; qualibus utuntur pcedagogi severiores in scholis^ Baleys occurs
in Piers Ploughman in the same sense. Forby does not notice it ; but the verb to balase
occurs amongst the provincialisms of Shropshire ; see Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua.
4 In the Wicliffite version Baili seems to imply the charge or office, " jelde reken-
ynge of thi baili, for thou myght not now be baylyf." Luc. 16. " He is my ryue and
bayly, Inquilinus prediorum urbicorum et rusticorum." HORM.
5 " Crebro, a balke bitwyne two furrowes. Porca vorat furfur, aratrum wilt vertere
porcam" MED. HARL. MS. 2257. " He hath made a balke in the lande, scannum fecit,
itive crudum solum etinmotiim reliquit." HORM. " Baulke of lande, separaison." PALSQ.
A.S. Bale, porca. The word is still in use in Norfolk and Suffolk.
6 In Gawayn and the Green Knyjt occur the expressions " a balj berg," and " balje
hawnchej," which are explained by Sir F. Madden to mean ample, swelling. Mr. Steven-
son, however, in Boucher's Glossary, interprets the word as smooth or unwrinkled.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
23
BANERE. Vexillum.
BANNYN, or waryyn. Imprecor,
maledico, execror.
BANYNGE, or cursynge. Impre-
catio, maledictio.
BANYOWRE, or bannerberere. Vex-
illariuSj vexillifer, primipilus,
UG.
BANKE of watyr. Ripa.
BANKE of be see. Litus.
BANKER.! Scamnarium, amphi-
taba, c. F. UG.
BANYSCHYD (banysshed, p.) Ban-
nituSj exulatus*
BANSCHYN (banysshe, P.) Bannio.
BANNYSCHYNGE. Bannicio, ban-
nitus, exilium.
BAPTYM.2 Baptismus, baptisma,
CATH.
(BAPTYST, or baptisar, p. Bap-
tista.)
BAPTYZYN (baptyse, p.) Baptizo.
BARATOWRE.3 PugnCtX, CATH.
rixosus, c. F. jurgosus.
BARBARYN frute. Barbeum, c. F.
BARBARYN tre (barbery, p.) Bar-
baris.
BARBICAN by-fore a castelle.4
Antemurale, KYLW.
BARBOURE. Barbitonsor.
1 The banker was a cloth, carpet, or covering of tapestry for a form or bench, from
the French "banquier, tapis pour mettre sur un bane, strag^llum abaci.'"' NICOT. COTGR.
" Amphitapa est tapetum circumfilosum, a woll loke." ORT. " Tapes utrinque villosus."
DUG. ; denoting the coverings of arras and tapestry work, wrought, perhaps, on both
sides, such as are enumerated in the Inventory of Sir John Fastolfe's effects, 1459.
Archseol. xxi. 257, 265. We there also find " Banker, hangyng tapestry worke,"
which may mean the tapestry commonly in use for hangings, or that the Banker was in
this instance the covering of a high-backed seat, over which it was hung. In an earlier
Inventory of the Priory, Durham, 1446, occur " iij Bankquerez paleat' de blodio intenso
et remisso ; costerce pro ornatu murorum ejusdem camera," these last being of the
same suit as the Bankers, that is, of cloth of say, paly dark blue and light. Inventories
published by the Surtees Society, i. 92. In the Teutonic, lanck-werck is rendered by
Kilian, " tapes, opus polymitum, vulgo bancalia, scamnalia, subsellii straguium." A
Vocabulary of nearly the same date as the Promptorium gives " pepotasina bachis,
banquere." ROY. MS. 17. C. XVII. This word has been in Boucher's Glossary incor-
rectly explained to mean a table-cloth.
2 Baptym is not an error of the scribes, but a singular corruption of orthography.
In the other MSS. as well as the printed editions, the same spelling occurs. In
the Wicliffite version it is thus written, as also baptym, and baptem, in the Legenda
Aurea. The observation would be trivial, did it not afford an evidence of the pre-
dominant influence of the French language in England at the period; the word is
evidently thence received, and not from the Latin.
3 Compare hereafter DEBATE MAKER, or barator, incentor. FEYGHTARE, or baratowre,
pugnax, which is distinguished from FEYGHTARE, pugnator, showing that the word
implies one of a contentious disposition, and not an actual combatant.
4 Spelman explains the barbacan to be " munimen a fronle castri, aliter antemurale
dictum ; etiam foramen in urbium castrorumque mceniis ad tragicienda missilia. Sax.
burgekening. Vox Arabica." Pennant asserts that the Saxons called the barbican to
the north-west of Cripplegate, burgh- kenning ; other writers have suggested a different
etymology, A.S. burk-beacn, urbis specula. Bullet would derive it from the Celtic, bar,
before, bach, an inclosure. Lye gives barbacan as a word adopted in the Anglo-Saxon
language, and we must certainly not seek thence its derivation. The best specimens of
the outworks to which this name was given were at York, and called the Bars, of which
one still exists in good preservation.
24
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(BARBORERY, or barborysh hous,
K. barbours hous for shauynge.
p. Barbitondium.}
BARBYLLE fysche (barbell fisshe,
p.) Barbyllus.
BARBULLE, sekenes of fe mowthe.1
BARE. Nudus.
BARYN, or to make bare. Nudo,
denudo.
BARYNE (bareyn, p.) Sterilis.
BAREYNTE (bareynesse, P.) Ste-
rilitas.
BARELLE. Cadus,
BARENESSE. Nuditas.
BARRE of a gyrdylle, or oper
barneys.2 Stipcn
BARRE of }>e scbyttynge of a dore
(shettinge, P.) Pessulum, re-
pagulum, vectis, claims, CATH.
BARRE abowte a graue or awter
(barres, P.) Barre, plur. c. F.
TTG. in gero, (cerre, P.)
(BARRED as a girdell, p. Stipatus.}
BARRYD wyth yren. Garratus,
UG. (cerratus, P.)
BARREN harnes. Stipo, constipo.
BARRYN dorys, (wyndowus, K.) or
ober sbyttynge. Pessulo, repa-
gulo.
BARRYNGE of dorys (or other
shettynge, P.) Repagulacio,
obseracio.
BARRYNGE of harneys. Stipacio,
constipacio.
BARRERE, or barreere (barker,
K.) Pararium, barraria, bar-
rus, c. F.
BARGAYNE (bargany, p.) Lici-
tactOj stipulacio, CATH.
BARGANYYN, or to make a bar-
gayne. Stipulo, CATH. mercor,
licito, UG. c. F.
BARGE, schyppe. Barcha.
BARKE. Cortex.
BARKE, powdyr of (for, P.) lethyr.
Ferunium (frunium, p.) CATH.
BARKERE (barkar, p.) Cerdo,
frunio, c. F.
BARKARYS barkewatyr (barkars
water, p.) Naucea, c. F.
1 Burbul, papula. HOY. MS. 17 C. XVII. de infirmitatilus. It is probably the same as
" barbes, pushes or little bladders under the tongues of horses and cattell, the which
they kill, if they be not speedily cured. Barbes aux veaux, the barbies." COTGR.
2 The ornaments of the girdle, which frequently were of the richest description, were
termed barres, and in French cloux ; they were perforated to allow the tongue of the
buckle to pass through them. Originally they were attached transversely to the wide
tissue of which the girdle was formed, but subsequently were round or square, or fa-
shioned like the heads of lions, and similar devices, the name of barre being still re-
tained, though improperly. Thus a citizen of Bristol bequeathed in 1430, " zonam
harnizatam cum barris argenti rotundis." In the description of the girdle of Richesse,
in Chaucer's Romaunt of the Rose, we read,
" The barris were of gold full fine
Upon a tissue of sattin,
Full hevie, grete and nothing light,
In everiche was a besaunt wight."
In the original, " Us cloux furent d'or epure" The word was similarly applied to
the ornaments of other parts of costume, such as the garter, worn by the Knight of the
Order, or spur-leathers, as in Gawayn and the Green Knyjt, i. 287.
' ' clene spures under
Of bryjt golde vpon silke hordes
Barred ful ryche."
PKOMPTOR1UM PARVULORITM.
25
BARKYN lethyr. Frunio, tanno,
tannio, c. F.
BARKYNGE of lethyr (lethyr or
ledyr, p.) Frunicio.
BARLYLEPE, to kepe yn corne
(barlep, p.)1 Cumera, UG. in
camos.
BARLY CORNE. Ordeum, triticum,
c. F.
BARLYSELE.2 Tempus ordeacium.
BARLYMELE. Alphita, UG. in al.
BARME.S Gremium.
BARMCLOTHE, or naprun.4 Limas,
CATH.
BARNYSKYN (barme skyn, p.)5
Melotes, CATH. c. F. melota,
UG. in mellese.
BAROONE lorde (barun or baron,
p.) Baro.
BARONESSE. Baronissa,
BARONYE. Baronia.
BARTRYN or changyn, or chafare
oone thynge for a othere. Gam-
bia, camp so, CATH.
BARTRYNGE, or changynge of
chafyre. Cambium, c. F.
BAROWE.6 Cenovectorium, ce-
novium, UG. in cenon, c. F.
BASELARDE.T Sica, c. F. cluna-
bulum, CATH. (pugio, BRIT. P.)
1 " Sporta, a here lepe, or basket." OUT. voc. In one MS. of the Medulla it is
rendered " a berynge lep." A.S. Bere, hordeum, leap, corbis. See BERINGE LEPE.
3 In Norfolk at the present time the season of sowing barley is termed barley-sele, in
Suffolk, barsel. FORBY, MOORE. A S. sel. occasio.
3 " And in hire barme this litel child she leid." CHAUC. A.S. bearm, gremium.
4 Chaucer uses the word ; it occurs in the Miller's Tale :
" A barme cloth as white as morrow milke
Upon her lends, full of many a gore."
The Medulla explains limas to be " vestis que protenditur ab umbilico usque ad pedes, qua
utuntur servi cod el femine. Anglice, barm cloth." A.S. barm-riegl, or barm-da's,
mappula, ELFRIC.
5 The melotes is explained in the Catholicon to be " quedam vestis de pilis vel pellibus
taxi facta, a collo pendens usque ad lumbos, qud monachi utuntur, Et iste habitus est
necessarius proprie ad operis exercitium, eadem ut pera ut dicunt." Uguitio says,
" melota ex pellibus caprinis esse dicitur, ex und vero parte dependens.'1'1 See Ducange.
The King's MS. gives barniskyn, but the reading of the printed editions appears to be
preferable, barme-skyn, implying simply an apron formed of the skin of a beast. Barm-
skin is preserved in the dialect of Lancashire, where it means a leathern apron.
6 A barowe or crowde was a small vehicle, whether precisely similar or not to the
barrow of the present times, cannot be asserted. When Sir Amiloun was worn out with
leprosy, and reduced to "tvelf pans of catel," the faithful Amoraunt expended that
little sum in the purchase of a barowe, therein to carry the knight about.
" Therwith thai went ful yare
And bought hem a gode croude wain." Amis and Amiloun, 1867.
A.S. berewe, vectula. " Cenovectorium, a berw. Instrumentum cum quo deportatur
ceitus" MED. See CROWDS, barowe.
7 The Baselard was a kind of long dagger, which was suspended to the girdle, and
worn, not only by the armed knight, but by civilians, and even priests. Thus Piers
Ploughman, in allusion to the neglect of clerical propriety, says,
" Sir John and Sir Jeffery hath a girdle of silver,
A baselard, or a ballocke knife, with bottons ouergilt."
Knighton tells us that the weapon with which Sir William Walworth put Jack Straw to
death was a basillard. Sir William was a member of the Fishmongers' Company, who
CAMD. SOC. E
PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BASKET, or panyere (panere, P.)
Calathus.
BASKET, or a lepe.1 Sporta, corbes
(canistrum, cartallum, P.)
BASSENETT, supra in bacenett
(basnet, p.)
BASONE wesselle (basun or bason,
vessell, P.) Pelvis.
BAASTE, not wedloke (bast, p.)
Bastardia.
BASTARDE. Bastardus, nothus.2
BASTARDE, comyn of fadyr and
modyr genteylle (comyn of im-
gentyl fadyr and gentyl moder,
p.) Spurius, spuria, CATH,
BASTARDE, of fadyr gentylle, and
modyr vngentylle. Nothus,
notha, CATH.
BASTYLE of a castelle or cytye.3
Fascennia, UG. in facio.
BASTYN clothys.4 Subsuo, CATH.
sutulo.
BASTYNGE of clothe. Subsutura,
CATH.
BATAYLE. Bellum, pugna, du~
ellum.
BATTE staffe.5 Perticulus, CATH.
fustis, batillus, UG. in bachis.
BATTYN, or betyn wyth stavys
(battis, p.) Fustigo, baculo.
BATYN, or abaten of weyte or
mesure. Subtraho.
BATYN, or make debate. Jurgor,
vel seminare discordias, vel dis-
cordare.
BATTFOWLERE. Aucubaculator,
CATH.
BATFOWLYN (or go to take birdes
in the nyght, P.) Aucubaculo.
BATTEFOWLYNGE.6 AuCubaCU-
latus, (CATH. in hamis, P.)
BATHE. Balneum, balnearium,
balneatorium, UG.
BATHYNGE. Balneacio.
still preserve the weapon traditionally recorded to have been used by him on this
occasion, and which he presented to the Company. Among Songs and Carols edited by
Thos. Wright, is a spirited poem describing the baselard. " Pugio, a dagger or a
baslarde." OUT. " A hoked baslarde (bizachius) is a perels wepon with the Turkes."
HORM. In old French bazelaire, badelaire, from lalthearis, ROQUEF. See Ducange,
lasalardus. •
1 See LEEP, or baskett. " Lepe, or a basket, corleille." PALSG. A.S. leap, corbis.
9 " Bast* batard." ROQUEF. " He was bigeten o baste, God it wot." Artour and
Merlin. Weber, iii. 360.
3 Fascenia is explained to be " clausibilis vallatio circa castra et civitates que solet
fieri quibusdarn fascibus slipularum et lignorum." CATH. " Closture de bois, palis.'1''
CATH. ABBREV. Roquefort gives " Bo.stiller chateau de bois." In Caxton's boke of the
Fayt of armes, part ii. c. xxini. of habillements that behouen to an assawte, are direc-
tions at length respecting bastylles and bolwerks of wood, formed with palebordes
called penelles, with defences after the manner of towers, and other batellements. See
also c. xxxiv. Lord Berners, in his translation of Froissart, writes, "They landed lytell
and lytell, and so lodged in Calays, and there about, in bastylles that they made dayly."
4 " This dublet was nat well basted at the first, and that maketh it to wrinkle thus, ce
pourpoynt n'estoit pas lien basty." PALSG. Chaucer uses this word, Rom. of the Rose,
" With a threde basting my slevis." "Besten. Fris. Sicambr. fainter consuere.'" KILIAN.
8 This word occurs in the Wicliffite version, Matt. xxvi. 47. " Lo Judas, oon of the
twelve, cam, and with him a greet cumpany with swordis and battis." A.S. batt, fustis.
6 " Batfowlynge, la pipee." PALSG. The Catholicon explains hamis to be "fustis
cAicupabilii, tcil. virgulo que sitntinet rhete in quo capiuntw fere, vel que levat rhete in
quo copiuntur aves.""1
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
27
BATYLDOURE, or wasshynge be-
tylle.1 Feretorium, Dice.
BATYLMENT of a walle. Pro-
pugnaculum.
BATOWRE of flowre and mele wyth
water (batour, p.) Mola, c. F.
BAWDE. Leno.
BAWDEKYN clothe, or (of P.)
sylke. Olosericus, c. F. olo-
serica, CATH. UG.
BAWDERYKE.2 StrOphlUS, CATH.
BAWME, herbe or tre. Balsamus,
melissa, melago.
BAWME, oyle (baume, p. beaume,
j. N.) Balsamum.
BAWMYN (balmyn, p.). Bahama.
BAWSTONE, or bawsone, or a gray
(baunsey or banston, best, p.)3
Taxus, melota, CATH.
BEE, a beste. Apis.
BE BETYN. Vapulo.
BE BESY. Solicitor.
BE BORNE. Nascor.
BE BUXUM, or obedyent to anopyr
(obeyyn, K. Obedio.)
BESEGYDE. Obsessus.
BECEGYN. Obsideo.
BESEGYNGE. Obsidio.
BECEKYN, or prey (beseche or
pray, P.) Rogo, oro, deprecor.
BESEKYNGE, or prayere. Depre-
cacio, supplicacio, oracio, ro-
gatus, ragacio.
BECEMYN. Decet.
BESEMYNGE, or comelynesse. De
cencia.
BECHE, tre. Fagus, CATH.
BECYDYN. Juxta, secus.
BESYTTYN, or dysposyn (becettyn,
K. besette, P.) Dispono.
BED. LectuSj thorns, stratus,
stratorium, grabatum.
BEDCLOTHE, or a rayment for a
bed. Lectisternium.
BEDE, or bedys. Numeralia, de-
preculce. c. F. (vagule, P.)
1 " Batyldore, battouer a lessive, betyl to bete clothes with, battoyr." PALSG. Feritorium,
is explained in the Medulla to be " instrumentum cum quo midieres verberant vesturas in
lavando, a battyng staffe," " or a betyll." ORT. voc.
2 <4 Baudrike, carquant, baldrike for a ladyes necke, carqvan." PALSQ. Thus is found
in the Ort. Voc. " Anabola est ornamenlum mulieris a collo dependetis, a baudrik."
The word had, however, a more general signification ; it is derived, probably, from
baudrier, a strap or girdle of leather, but was afterwards used to denote similar appliances
of any material, and of costly decoration. In Gawayn and the Grene Kn^t, bauderyk
is the appellation of the guige, or transverse strap by which the shield was suspended
round the neck. Hall relates that " Sir Thomas Brandon wore a great baudericke of
gold, greate and massy, trauerse his body ;" and he further describes the Earl of South-
ampton, Great Admiral of England, as " wearing baudrick-wise a chayne at the whych
did hang a whistle of gold, set with ryche stones," which was a badge of office. It
would appear that the bauderyke was properly a belt worn transversely, as was the
" baudre de serico, argento munitum pro cornu Regis." LIB. GARDEROB. EDW. i. 1299.
It signified also the cingulum, or military belt, and in the 16th century the jewelled
ornament worn round the neck both by ladies and noblemen. See Hall's Chronicle,
p. 508, baldrellus and baldringus in Ducange, and Boucher's Glossary.
3 " Bawcyn, or brok, fiber, castor, taxus, meteta." GARL. SYNONYM. These words
are in the Medulla and Ortus explained as signifying the brocke. A. S. broc, a badger.
The word bausene3 occurs Cott. MS. Nero, A. x. f. 62 : and baucinas in William and
the Werwolf. See Bawson in Boucher's Glossary.
28
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
BEDE, or prayers.1 Oracio, sup-
plicacio, interventus.
BEDMAN. Orator, supplicator,
exorator.
BEDEWOMAN. Oratrix, suppli-
catrix.
BEDELE. Preco, bidellus.
BEDERED-MAN, or woman.2 De-
cumbens, clinicus, clinica. CATH.
BEDYN, or proferyn.3 Offero. CATH.
BEDYNGE, or proferynge. Oblacio.
BEDDYNGE. Lectisternium, lec-
tuarium.
BEDYS, supra in bede.
BEDDYS syde. Sponda, KYLW. C.F.
(BEDLAWYR, supra in bedered.4
K. P. Decumbens.)
BE-DRABYLYD, or drabelyde. Pa-
ludosus.
BEDSTEDE. Stratum.
BE FAYNE, or welle plesyde. Letor.
BYFFE, flesche (beff, p.) Bo-
villa, bosor.
BEFYCE, Films (Jilinius, vel pul-
cher filius, P.)
BEFORESEYDE. Predictus, pre-
fatus.
BEFORESETTE. Prefixus.
BEFORETYME. Ante, antea.
BEFORNE a thynge (before, P.)
Coram, ante.
BE-FOTE, or on fote (afote, p.)
Pedestre, adv. vel pedestris,
pedester, CATH.
BEGGAR. Mendicus, mendica.
BEGETARE as a fathyr. Genitor.
BEGETARE as mothere. Geni-
trix.
BEGETYN. Genero, gigno.
BEGETYNGE. Genitura, gene-
racio.
BYGYLYN (begyle, p.) Decipio,
fraudo, seduco, circumvenio.
BEGYLYNGE, or dysseyte. De-
cepcio, fraus.
BEGYLE. Fraus.
BEGGYN or thyggyn (thigge, p.)5
Mendico.
BEGGYN bodely fode, as mete and
drynke. Victo, CATH.
BEGGYNGE. Mendicacio.
BEGYNNARE. Inceptor, inchoator.
BEGYNNYN. Incipio, inchoo.
BEGYN a-yene (ageyne, p.) Itero.
BEGYNNYNGE. Incepcio, incho-
acio, initium, exordium.
BEGYNNYNGE, or rote of a J>ynge.
Origo, ortus.
BE GLAD, or mery. Letor, jo-
cundor.
BEHOLDERE, or lokar vpon yn
seyynge. Inspector.
BEHOLDYN, or seen. Intuor, in-
spicio, aspicio.
BEHOLDYN, or bowndyn (beholde
or bounde, p.) Obligor, teneor.
BEHOLDYNGE. Inspeccio, intuicio.
BE-HERTE. Cordetenus.
1 In the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs " rogacio, orada,
deprecacio, a bede or prayer." A.S. bidde, oratio, biddan, petere.
2 A.S. bedredda, dinicus.
3 The verb is used in the sense of proffering in Gawayn and the Green Knyjt, in
Robert de Brunne's Chronicle, and in Sir Tristrem. A.S. beodan, jubere.
* In the will of Sir Thomas de Hemgrave, dated 1419, among the Hengrave evidences
in the possession of John Gage Rokewode, Esq. is the following bequest to the bed-
ridden poor in Norwich : " Item lego cuilibet pauperum vocatontm bedlawermen infra
civitatem predictam iiiid. od orandum pro anima me&."
s See hereafter THYGGYNGE, mendicacio. A.S. pigan, accipere cibum.
PROMPTOKiUM PARVULORUM.
29
Re-
BEHESTE.1 Promissio.
BEHYNDE. Retro, a retro,
BEHYNDE, or bakewarde.
trorsum.
BEHOTYN, or make a beheste (or
behestyn, H. behote or beheste,
p.)2 Promitto, pollicior.
BEHOUELY (behouable, p ) Opor-
tunus.
BEHOUELYNESSE "(behouablenesse,
p.) Oportunitas.
BEHOUYN. Oportet.
BEY, or boy. Scurrus.
BEYKYNGE, or streykynge (strek-
inge, J. N.) Protemio, extencio.
BEYN, or plyaunte (beykn, p.)3
Flexibilis.
BEYTON hoorse.
BEYTON wyth howndys,berys,bolys,
or other lyke. Commordio,CATH.
vel canibus agitare, (oblatro, P.)
BEYTYNGE of horse. Pabulacio.
BEYTYNGE of bestys wyth howndys.
Exagitacio.
(BEYTINGE of houndes, p. Obla-
tratus.)
BEK, or lowte. Conquiniscio, c. F.
(inclinacio, P.)
BEK WATYR, rendylle.4 Rivulus,
torrens.
(BEKE, tokyn, p. N ictus.}
(BEKEN with the iye, P. Annuto,
conniveo. Connivet hie oculis,
annuit ipse manu.)
BEKNYN (bekyn, p.) Annucio
(annuOj P.) annuto, nuto, c. F.
UG.
BEKNYNGE, or a bek (bekenynge,
p.) Annutus, nutus (annic-
tus, P.)
BEEKNE, or fyrebome (bekne, K )
Far, c. F. et UG. in fos. (Pha-
rus, P.)
BE-LAGGYD.S Madidatus (palu-
dosus, P.)
BELAMY. Amicus pulcher, et est
Gallicum, et Anglice dicitur,
fay re frynde.
BE LAWFULLE. Licet.
BE LEFULLE, idem est.
BELDAM, moderys modyr. Bel-
lona, c. F.
BELDAM, faders and moders
modyr, bothe (beldame, faders
or moders whether it be, p.)6
Avia, CATH. c. F.
1 See BEHOTYN, or make a beheste. In the Wicliffite version Acts ii. 39 is rendered,
"the biheeste is to 3011 and to joure sones." Horman speaks of making " behestes to
I haue behest a pygge to Saynt Antony, voto nuncupavi.''
' Nutio, i.
God and sayntis.
promissio, a promyse, or behyghtynge. Promissio, a beheste." OUT.
2 "To behest or promesse, to behyght." PALSG. A. S. behatan, vovere. The
Chronicler of Glastonbury, Douglas, relates, amongst the miracles of St. Thomas of
Lancaster, that a certain sick man " beheten to God and to Seinte Thomas thatte iff he
werre hole thatte he schulde come thider to seke him " (at Pomfret). Harl. MS. 4690,
f. 64, b. In the Wicliffite version we read, " what euere God hath bihi3t he is
to do," Rom. iv. 21.
3 Bane in the dialects of Yorkshire and Somerset signifies near, or convenient.
4 .t Torrens, aqua sordida ex inundationibiis pluviarum, a beke or ryndell."
becc, rivulus. The word is commonly used in the North. See Brockett.
5 A passage in Gautier de Bibelesworth, where he speaks of one who has been splashed
by horses in miry places, " Cy vent vn garsoun esclate," or esclauote, has this gloss in
the margin, " bilagged wit swirting." Arund. MS. 220, f. 303. A.S. lagu, aqua.
6 " Recommaunde me to your bel-fadre, and to your beldame, a vostre tayon et a
vostre laye" BOKE FOR TRAV. CAXT.
A.S.
30
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
BEELDYNGE, or byggynge (bild-
inge, P.) Edificacio, structura,
BELLE. Campana.
BELLEVENESSE, or feythe. Fides.
BELLFRAY. Ccmipanarium, UG.
BELY. Venter, alvus, uterus.
BELLYN, or lowyn as nette (ro-
ryn, p.)1 Mugio.
BELLYNGE, of rorynge of bestys
(bellinge of nete, P.) Mu-
gitus.
BELSCHYD, or made fayre (belched,
p.) Venustus, decoratus.
BELCHYN, or make fayre. De-
coro, venusto.
BELSHYNGE (belchinge, p.) Ve-
nustacio, decoracio.
BELSYRE, or belfather, faders or
moders fader. Avus, CATH.
(BELT, or ax, p.2 Securis.}
BELTE, or gyrdylle. Zona.
BELOWE (belows, p.) Follis.
BELWEDYR, shepe. Titurus, C.F.
BELLEJTARE (belle3eter, K. bell-
yatere, p.)3 Campanarius, CATH.
BE-LYTYLLE and lytylle. Para-
tim, paulisper, paulatim.
BEEME, or balke, supra. Trabs.
BEEME, or (of P.) lyjhte (lyjthe,
K.) Radius.
BEME lygthte. Radio.
BEEME of webstarrys lome. Li-
ciatorium, CATH.
BE MERY and gladde. Jocundor,
letor, jocor.
BENCHE. Scamnum.
BENDYNGE of bowys, or ober
lyke. Tencio.
BENDE bowys. Tendo, CATH.
BEEN,or tohaue beynge (be or haue
be, P.) Sum, existo, subsisto.
BEEN abowte yn bysynes, as wyvys
and men yn occupacyon (or ben
besy, P.) Satago.
BEEN abowtyn, or be abowte-warde
(be abowte or am abowte, p.)
Nitor, conor.
BEEN A-KNOWE wyllfully. Con-
fiteor.
BE A-KNOWE a-geyne wylle, or be
constreynynge. Fateor. (Con-
fiteor sponte, fateor mea facta
coacte. P.)
BEEN a-qweyntyd or knowyn
(aqtieynt, p.) Noscor.
BEEN a-schamyde. Erubeo, pudeo.
BEEN ydylle. Vaco.
BENE corne (been, p.) Faba.
(BENEDAY, p.4 Precare.)
BENEFYCE. Beneficium.
BENEFYJYD. Beneficiatus.
BENETT, ordyr.5 Exorcista.
1 " C/wueimix cheyrist et tor torreye, kide motereth, bole belleth." G. DE BIBELESW.
" de naturele noyse des bestes." This word is retained in the dialect of Shropshire, and
in Somerset to belg has the same sense. See Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua, and
Jenning's Glossary. A.S. bellan, boare.
2 This word appears of rather questionable introduction : the printed editions in which
it appears omit the next word BELTE, or gyrdylle. It is not found in the MSS.
3 Campananus is explained in the Catholicon to be a bell-founder. See hereafter
JETYN metel, JETYNGE of metelle as bellys,/?m'o. A.S. geotore,/Msor.
4 A. Sax. bene, precatio, dag, dies. The word seems synonymous with A. Sax.
bentiid, rogationum dies, by which name the three days preceding Ascension Day were
known.
4 " Exorcista, id est adjiirator vel increpator, a benette or a conjurer." OUT. The
lesser orders in the Christian Church were four, Ostiarius, Lector, Exorcista, Acolythtis.
The
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
31
BENETT, propyr name. Bene-
dictus.
BENETHYN (benethe, P.) Inferius.
(BENWYTTRE, K. benew.ith tre, p.)1
BENGERE of corne (bengge, p.)2
Techa.
BENGERE of a mylle (bengge, P.)
Ferricapsia, Dice.
BEPYR, or bewpyr (beawpere, P.)
Pulcher pater.
BE-PLOTMELE.3 Particularitcr,
partitive.
BE-QWETHYN, or qwethyn yn
testament. Lego.
BERE, a drynke. Hummulina, vel
hummuli potus, aut cervisia
hummulina (berziza, P.)
BERE, or beryn. Porto,
fero.
BERYN a-way (or bere awey, p.)
Asporto, aufero.
BERE downe, or presse downe.
Comprimo, deprimo.
BEERE downe vndyr ]>e fote. Sub-
pedito.
BERE downe, or caste downe to
grown de. Sterno, prosterno.
BERE fellyschyppe (felaweshepe or
companye, p.) Associo.
BERE YN. Infero.
BERE OWTE. Effero.
BERE PARTE, or be partenere.
Participo, CATH.
BERE WYTNESSE. Testificor.
BERBERYN tre, supra in barbaryn
tre.
BEERDE (berde, p.) Barba, ge-
nobardum. CATH.
The functions of the third extended to the expulsion of evil spirits by the imposition of
hands upon persons possessed, recently baptized, and catechumens. The ceremony was
always accompanied with aspersion, and the name benett was doubtless taken from the
aqua benedicta, eau benite, or, perhaps, from the vessel called in French benitier, which
contained the holy-water. In a will dated 1449 is a bequest of "a gret holy-water
scoppe of silver, with a staff benature, the sayd benature and staff weying xx nobles in
plate." The staff benature was the aspersorium, termed in the Promptorium STRENKYJL,
halywater stye. Fox, relating the death of Hooper, states that it was part of the cere-
mony of degrading Bishops to " take from them the lowest vesture which they had in
taking bennet and collet" (j. e. acolyte). Eccles. Hist. iii. 152, A.D. 1555. T. Becon,
in the Reliques of Rome, says, " Boniface V. decreed that such as were but benet and
colet should not touch the reliques of saints, but they only which are subdeacons, deacons,
and priests." Edit. 1563, f. 183.
1 This appears to be the wood-bine, which in Swedish is called beenwed. Linn. Flor.
Suec. Verelius explains the Icelandic beinwid to be ossea pericliminis species, a bony
kind of honeysuckle, beinwid signifying bone-wood. Ivy is in the North called bind-
wood. See Jamieson.
2 See BYNGGER and BYNGE, theca, cumera, A.S. bin. In Norfolk and Suffolk still
pronounced bing, as in Danish, bing, cumulus. FORBY.
2 This is one of the number of words in which the A.S. Mael, pars, occurs in com-
position. The A.S. form of these adverbs is mselum, in parts, bit-mselum, dsel-maelum,
&c. We have retained piecemeal, but the rest are wholly obsolete. See in Nares,
drop-meal, inch-meal, and limb-meal. P. Ploughman uses pounde-mele and percel-
mele. In the Liber Festivalis we read that William Tracy, after the murder of St.
Thomas of Canterbury, " fylle syke and roted all his body, in somoche that himselfe
with his owne hondes cast away his owne flesshe lompe-mele." Palsgrave gives " by
ynche-meale, menuemenl, par poulcees, and flock-meale, par troupeaux."
" Only that point his peple bare so sore
That flockmel on a day to him they went." CHAUC. Clerke's T.
32
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BERDE, or brynke of a wesselle,
or other lyke. Margo.
BERDYD. JBarbatus.
BERCEL (berseel, P.) Meta.1
BERE, beste. Ursus.
BEERE of (for P.) dede men. Fe-
retrum, liUtina, loculus.
BEREYNYD, or wete wyth rayne.
Complutus, UG. in pluo.
BEREWARDE.2 Ursarius.
BERY, frute. Morum, CATH.
c. F.
BERYL, precyous stone.3 Beril-
lus.
BERYNGE. Portagium, latura.
BERYNGE a-way. Asportacio, ab-
lacio.
BERYNGE yn. Illacio.
(BERINGE LEPE, p.4 Canistra,
CATH.)
BERKAR, as a dogge. Latrator.
BERKYN. Latro, ba/o, baulo.
BERKYNGE. Latratus.
BERME of ale or other lyke.
Spuma, CATH.
BERMYN, or spurgyn as ale, or
other lyke.5 Spumo.
BARNAKYLLE, byrde (bernack, K.
bernak, p.)6 Barnacus, bar-
nita, barnites, c. F.
1 See hereafter BUT, or bercel.
2 " Bearwarde, gardeur d'ours." PALSG. A curious representation of the bear-ward,
and baiting the bear, occurs in the Louterel Psalter, illuminated in the early part of the
reign of Edw. III. It has been engraved in Vetust. Monum. VI. pi. xxiv. In the
Household Book of the Earl of Northumberland in 1511, under the head of Rewards,
is one of " 6s. 8d. to the Kyngs or Queenes Barward, if they have one," when they
come to the Earl. Ant. Rep. iv. p. 253. The Earl had also in his own family an official
of the same kind, whose reward was 20s. Shakespeare uses the word, and also
bearard or bear-yerd, which are synonymous.
3 Beryl is used by Chaucer and the authors of the XlVth and XVth centuries to
denote the precious stone so called, and also a finer description of crystal glass, which
resembled it in transparency or colour. This distinction is not preserved here ; but it
is made by Palsgrave: "Berall, fyne glass, beril. Beryll, a precious stone, beril."
Elyot renders " Glessum, crystal or berylle." See Whitaker's Cathedral of St. Germains,
ii. 280.
4 One of the MSS. of the Medulla renders sporta, a berynge lep ; in the Ortus, it
is explained as a here lepe, or basket. The word is perhaps synonymous with BARLY-
LEPE, to kepe yn come, which occurs above, and in the printed editions is spelled
BARLEP. A. S. bere, kordeum, leap, corlis.
5 A. S. beorma, fermentum. See hereafter SPORGYN, taken from the French, espurger.
6 Alexander Neccham, who died in 1227, gives in his treatise de naturis rerum, a curious
account " de ave que vulgo dicitur bernekke," which grew, as he asserts, from wood
steeped in the sea, or trees growing on the shores. Roy. MS. 12 G. XI. f. 31. The
marvellous tales respecting this bird, which has been supposed to be the chenalopeces,
mentioned by Pliny as a native of Britain, are to be found in length in Gesner, Olaus
Magnus, and many ancient writers. Giraldus gives in his Topographia Hiberniae, c. xi. a
detailed account " de bernacis ex abiete nascentibus,'' as a phenomenon of which he had
been an eye-witness on the Irish shores, and states that these birds were, on account of
their half-fishy extraction, eaten during Lent. This indulgence, of which the propriety
was argued by Michael Meyer in his treatise de volucri arborea, was sanctioned by the
authority of the Sorbonne. It is scarcely needful to observe that the origin of these
strange statements is to be found in the multivalve shell-fish, the lepas anatifera, which
attaches itself to submerged wood, or the bottom of ships. " Ciconia, i. ibis, a ber-
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
33
BERNAK for horse (bernakill, p.)1
Chamus, CATH.
BERNE of lathe (or lathe, p.)2
Horreum, c. F.
BERWHAM, horsys colere (beru-
ham for hors, p.)3 Ephiplnum,
epifium, CATH. vel collare equi.
BERWE, or schadewe (berowe or
shadowe, p.)4 Umbraculum,
umbra.
BESAUNTE. Talentum, mna,
dragma, UG. c. F.
BESME or besowme (besym, p.)
Scopa, c. F.
BESTE, or alle the beste (aldyrbest,
K.) Optimus.
BESTAD, or wythe-holdyn yn wele
or wo (in hard plyt set, K. with-
holden in harde plyte or nede, p.)
Detentus.
BERSTAYLE (bestali, K. bestayle,
(p.)5 Armentum, CATH.
BESTE (beest, p.) Bestia, pecus,
animal, jumentum.
BEESTELY, or lyke a beste (bestly,
p.) Bestialis.
BESTYLYNESSE (bestlynesse, P.)
Bestialitas.
BESTYLYWYSE, Bestialiter.
BE STYLLE, and not speke. Taceo,
sileo, obmutesco.
BEESTNYNGE, mylke (bestnynge,
K. p.)6 Collustrum, c. F. KYLW.
UG. in colo.
nacle, a inyrdrummyll or a buture." CRT. voc. " A barnak." MED. GRAMM. Junius
derives the name from the fabulous origin of the bird, A. S. beam, filius, and ac,
guercus. See Claik, in Jamieson, and barnache in Menage.
1 " Chamus est quoddam genus freni, vel capistrum, an halter or bernacle." ORT. voc.
Junius derives the word from the French berner, comprimere petulantiam ; and Roque-
fort mentions a kind of torture practised by the Saracens, termed bernicles. The
Wicliffite version renders 2 Kings, xix. 28, " y schal putte a sercle in J>i nose Jnrlis, and
a bernacle in >i lippis." Cott. MS. Claud. E. u.
2 Berne is the contraction of A. S. bere, hordeum, and ern, locus. Lathe, which does
not occur in its proper place in the Promptorium, is possibly a word of Danish intro-
duction into the eastern counties, Lade, horreum, DAN. Skinner observes that it was
very commonly used in Lincolnshire. It occurs in Chaucer :
" Why ne hadst thou put the capell in the lathe." Reves Tale.
" Horreum, locus uli reponitur annona, a barne, a lathe." ORT. voc. *' Granarium,
lathe." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "A lathe, apotheca, horreum." CATH. ANGL.
3 " Bargheame, epiphiiim." CATH. ANGL. This word is still retained in the North of
England ; see Barkhaam in Brockett's Glossary, Barkham, Craven dialect, Brauchin,
Cumberland, Brechame, Jamieson. It occurs in the curious marginal gloss on Gautier
de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, f. 302.
" Les cous de chiuaus poriunt esteles,
Coleres de quyr, et bourle hoceles."
hames (hamberwes, MS. Phill.)
beruhames.
4 A.S. bearw, berwe, nemus.
5 The reading of the Harl. MS. seems here to be erroneous ; the word is doubtless
adopted from the French, lestail, cattle.
6 "Bestynge, colustrum." CATH. ANGL. " Colostrum, novum lac quod statim prime
mulgetur post fetum, quod cito coagnlatur, beestnynge. Coluslrum, beestynge or
ruddys." ORT. voc. A.S. beost, bystinfc, colustrum.
CAMD. 80C. F
34
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BETAYNE, herbe (batany, or be-
tony, p.)1 Betomca.
BETAKYN' a thynge to anothere.
Committo, commendo.
BETE, or Betune,propyr name (Be-
tryse, K.) Beatrix.
BETHYNKYN'. Cogito, recogito,
meditor.
BETYDEN', or happen'. Accidit,
evenit.
BETYLLE. Malleus, malleolus, uo.
BETYN', or bete. Verbero, cedo.
BETYN', or smytyn'. Percucio,ferio.
BETYNGE. Verberacio, verber.
BETYNGE (instrument, p.) In-
strumentum, verberaculum, UG.
BETTYR. Melior.
BETTYR. Melius, adv.
BETYS herbe. Beta vel bleta.
BETONYE supra in BETAYNE.
BETRAYYN'. Prodo, CATH. trado.
(BEUER, drinkinge tyme, p.2 Bi-
berrium.)
BEUERECHE, drynke(beueriche, P.)
Hibria, biberia, KYLW.(J*Waa, p.)
BEVYR, beste.3 Bever, c. F. cas-
tor, fiber.
BE WARE. Caveo, CATH. precaveo.
BE WOODE, or madde.4 Furio,
insanio.
BE WONE, or vsyd(wonte,p.) Soleo.
BEWRAYER of counsel. Recelator,
recelatrix, CATH. in celo. Et
nota alia infra in LABLE,
BEWRETHYN', or wreyyn' (be-
wreyen,p.) Prodo, recelo, revelo
1 See a curious account of the virtues attributed to betony in the XVth century, Roy.
MS. 18 A. VI. f. 68, where it is said to be " also clepyd byschuppyswort." Horman
observes that "nesynge is caused with by ten (betonica) thrust in the nostril." The
powdered root of hellebore was another homely sternutatory anciently much in request.
2 " Merendula, a beuer after none. Merenda, comestio in meridie vel cibus qui
declinante die sumitur." ORT. Harrison, in his description of England, prefixed to
Holinshed's Chronicles, i. 170, remarks that " of old we had breakefastes in the fore-
noone, beuerages or nuntions after dinner, and thereto reare suppers, generallie when
it was time to go to rest, a toie brought into England by bardie Canutus ; but nowe
those are very well past, and ech one, except some yoong hungrie stomach that cannot
fast till dinner time, coutenteth himself with dinner and supper." The higher classes,
he observes, dine at 11 and sup at 5, merchants seldom before 12 and 6. This was
written about 1579. Sherwood renders, " Bever, or drinking, un reciner, collation,
ff ouster. To bever, reciner ; " and Cotgrave explains un rtciner as " an afternoones
nuncheon, or collation, an Aunders-meat." See hereafter NUNMETE, which seems to
have been much the same as the intermediate refection here called BEUER. The word
bever still signifies in Suffolk an afternoon snack. MOORE.
3 A.S. beofer, castor. That the beaver was anciently an inhabitant of these islands,
the laws of Howel Dha, and the curious description of its habits given by Giraldus, in
his Itinerary of Wales, 1. ii. c. 3, satisfactorily prove. The fur of this animal was in
estimation from an early period. Piers Ploughman says,
" And yet vnder that cope, a cote hath he furred
With foyns, or with fichewes, or with fyn beuere."
" Me fyndeth furres of beuers, of lombes, pylches of hares and of conyes. On treuue
fourrures d^escurieus," &c. CAXTON, Boke for Travellers. The beuer hat is mentioned by
Chaucer as a part of female attire, and by Hall as worn by the Stradiote light horsemen
in 1513.
4 See WOODE or madde. A.S. wod, furiosus,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
35
BE WROTHE. Irascor.
BE WRATHE yn valewe (be worthe,
p.) Valeo, CATH.
BEWTE (beawtye, p.) Decor,
species, pulchritude.
BY AND BY. Sigillatim.1
BY THY SELFE (by the selfe, P.)
Seorsum.
BYARE. Emptor, institor, CATH.
BYBLE, or bybulle. Biblia.
BYCE, coloure.2
BYDDYN', or coraawndyn'. Mando,
precipio, hortor, exortor.
BYDDYN' bedys, or seyn' prayers
(bydde or pray, p.)3 Oro.
BYDDYNGE, or commawndement
(commaundinge, P ) Manda-
tum, preceptum, imperium.
BYDDYNGE, or praynge. Oracio,de-
precacio, exoracio, supplicacio.
BYE, or boye.4 Bostio, UG.
BYGGYN', or byldyn'.5 Edifico.
BYGGYNGE,OI- beeldynge (byldinge,
p.) Edificacio, structura.
(BYGGYNGE, or thyng that is byg-
gyd, H. Edificmm.)
BYCCHE, hownde or bylke (bycke,
p.) Licista, COMM.
BYKER, cuppe (bikyr, p.)6 Cim-
bium, COMM.
BIKYR of fytynge (bykere or feight-
inge, P.)T Pugna.
1 The Medulla renders " sigillatim, fro seel to seel." Harl. MS. 2257.
3 Palsgrave renders byce by azur : the word is, however, probably taken from the
French couleur bise, which properly means a brownish or blackish hue. In some
curious instructions respecting the production of fine azure from lapis lazuli, it is
observed that, to distinguish this last " from lapis almaine of whiche men maken a
blewe-bis azure,'' they should be exposed to fire, in which the inferior material turns
rather black, and becomes " brokel." Sloan. MS. 73, f. 215, b. Probably byce, or rather
blue byce, as it was in ancient times usually termed, was a preparation of zaffre, of a dim
and brownish cast of colour, in comparison with the brilliancy of the true azure.
3 A.S. biddan, orare. In the Book of Curtasye, the young child, on coming to
church, is thus admonished,
" Rede, or synge, or byd prayeris
To Crist for all thy Cristen ferys." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 22 b.
4 " BostiO) an oxe dryver." ORT. Compare BEY or boy, scurrus.
5 " To byge, fundare, condere, edificare. A bygynge, construccio, structura. Bygynge
vndyr erthe, subterraneus.1" CATH. ANGL. A.S. byggan, cedificare. See Big, in Boucher's
Glossary, and Jamieson.
6 What was the precise kind of cup called byker, or beaker, it is not easy to deter-
mine. This word occurs as early as 1348, in the accounts of the Treasurer of Edward,
Prince of Wales : " ii magne pecie argenti, vacate Bikers, emellate in fundo, cum coo-
perculis cum batellis, et ex und parte deauratis." In this instance they were destined to
be presented to ladies, (Beltz, Memor. of the Garter, p. 385.) Becher in German
signifies a cup or goblet, as does beker in Dutch and Teutonic ; possibly we derived
the vessel to which the name was originally given from Flanders or Germany. Of
cognate derivation is the Italian bicchiero. In the later Latinity bacar, bacckarium
have the same meaning ; see Ducange. The common root of these words was perhaps
the Greek /3/xaj, vas habens ansas. MENAGE.
7 " Beckeryng, scrimysshe, mtslte. Bicker, fyghtyng, escarmouche.'" PALSG. "Anon
after the fylde began to beker." HORM. Skinner suggests the Welsh bicre, conflictus, as
the etymon of this word, which, however, he inclines to think of Anglo-Saxon origin.
36
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BEKERYN', or fyghtyn' (bikker-
inge, P.) Pugno, dimico.
BYLLE of a byrde. Rostrum.
BYLLE of (or, p.) a mattoke. Ligo,
marra.
BYLE, sore. Pustula, UG.
BYLLERNE, watyr herbe.1 Berula,
c. F.
BYLET, schyde. Tedula, CATH.
BYLET, scrowe (bille, K.)2 Ma-
tricula, CATH. (billa, K.)
BOLLYN', or jowyn' wythe the by lie
as byrdys (byllen or iobbyn as
bryddys, K. iobbyn with the byl,
H. p.)3 flostro.
BYLLYN' wythe mattokys. Ligo-
nizOj marro, CATH.
BYLLYNGE of byrdys. Rostratus.
BYLLYNGE of mattokys. Ligo-
nizacio, marratura.
BYNDE, or wode bynde. Corrigiola,
vitella, CATH. (edera volubilis,
K.)
BYNDE, a twyste of a wyne (vyne,
p.) Capriolus, c. F.
BYNDYN' wythe bondys. Ligo, al-
ligo, vincio.
BYNDYN' wythe comawnt* or scrip-
ture (comavndement, K. cum-
naunt, H. couenaunt, p.) Obligo.
BYNDYNGE, lyste of a sore lyme.
Fasciola, KYLW. UG.
BYNDYNGE. Ligacio.
BYNGGER, supra in BENGERE.
BYYN a thynge. JEmo, mercor,
compare.
BYYN' a-jen' (ageyne, P.) Redimo.
BYYNGE. Empcio.
BYYNGE a-jen (ageyne, P.) Re-
demcio.
BYYNGE place, or place of byynge.
Emptorium, c. F.
BYNGE.S Theca, cumera.
BYPATHE. Semita, orbita, callis,
c. F. trames, UG.
BYRCHE tre. Lentiscus, cinus,
CATH.
BYRDUNE (byrdeyne, P.) Pon-
dus, onus, sarcina.
BYRYN' (beryyn, H.) Sepelio,
humo, funero.
BYRYYN', or grauyn', or hydde
vndur the grownde. Humo, se-
pelio, UG.
1 The curious treatise of the nature and properties of herbs, Roy. MS. A. VI. f. 69, b.
gives " JBiUura, an herbe that me clepyth billure ; he ys much worth to rype bocch."
Elyot explains lauer to be " an herbe growyng in the water, lyke to alisaunder, but
hauyng lesse leaues. Some do call it bylders."
a The Catholicon explains matricula to signify carta promissionis, and cites the life
of St. Silvester, which says that he inscribed the names of widows and orphans " in
matricula." Spelman gives A.S. bille, sckedula; the word BYLET was, however, pro-
bably of French introduction, as also was scrowe or scroll, escrou.
3 To job signifies still in Norfolk and Suffolk to peck with a sharp and strong beak.
FORBY. Tusser calls the pecking of turkies jobbing.
4 The word is thus written, but the correct reading probably is comnawnt. See
hereafter CUMNAWNTE, pactum.
5 Forby gives bing in the dialect of East Anglia, Danish, bing, cumulus. A.S. bin,
praisepe. The word binna occurs in a deed of the year 1263, in Chron. W. Thorn,
1912, where it signifies a receptacle for grain. Cumera is explained by Uguitio to be
" vas fmmentarium de festucis" and no doubt the bin was anciently formed of wicker-
work, as in German benne crates, Belg. benn, corlis. In the Indenture of delivery of
Berwick Castle, in 1539, occurs " in the pantre, a large bynge of okyn tymbar with 3
partitions." Archaeol. xi. 440.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
37
BYRYYDE (biryed, p.) Sepultus,
tumulatus.
BERYYNGE (biryinge, p.) Sepul-
tura, tumula.
BYRYELE (beryel, H. biriell, p.)1
Sepulchrum, tumulus.
BYRTHE. Nativitas, partus.
BYSCHELLE, or buschelle (bysshell
otherwyse called busshell, P.)
Modius, chorus, bussellus.
BYSSHOPPE (byschop or buschop,
H.) Episcopus, antistes, pon-
tifex, presul.
BYSCHYPRYCHE (bysshoperike, P.)
Episcopatus, diocesis.
BYSY (besy, p.) Assiduus, so-
licitus, jugis.
BYSYLY. Assidue, jugiter.
BYSYNESSE. Assiduitas, diligencia,
solicitude, opera, CATH.
BYSCUTE brede (bysqwyte, H.
bysket, p.) Biscoctus.
BYSJYN' chyldur (bissyn chyldryn,
K.) Sopio, nemor, lallo, XJG.
BYSSYNGE of chyldyrne (bysjing,
H.) Sepicio, c. F.
BYSSYNGE songys (bys3ing, H.)
Fascinnina, c. F. nenia, CATH.
BYTT of a brydylle. Lupatum, c. F.
BYTT or bytynge (byte, p.) Morsus.
BYTYLLE worme (bityl wyrme, K.)
Buboscus.
BYTYN', or byte. Mordeo.
BYTYNGE. Morsura.
BYTYNGE or grevows fretynge.
Mordax.
BYTTYR. Amarus.
BYTTYRNESSE. Amaritudo.
BYTTYRSWETE.2 Amarimellus,
musceum KYLW.
supra in byinge, H. By-
snge, P. Emptio.)
BLABBE or labbe, wreyare of cown-
selle (bewreyar, H. p.)3 Futilis,
anubicus, CATH.
BLABERYN, or speke wythe-owte
resone (with owtyn, K. oute of,
p.) Blatero, CATH.
BLADE. Scindula.
BLADE of an lierbe (blad or blade,
p.) Tirsus, c. F.
BLADYN' haftys (bladen heftis,
K. H. P.) Scindulo.
BLADYN' herbys, or take away
the bladys. Detirso, CATH.
BLADSMYTHE. Scindifaber.
BLAFFOORDE or warlare (blad-
fard, H. blaffere, p.)4 Traulus.
(Traulus peccat in jR, peccat
in S sidunus, p.)
1 The more ancient sense of this word, as denoting the place, and not the act of inter-
ment, is here distinctly preserved. A.S. byrigels, sepulchrum. In the Wicliffite
version biriel occurs often in this sense. " And the kyng seide, what is this biriel which
I se ? And the citeseyns of that cite answeriden to him, it is the sepulcre of the man of
God that cam fro Juda." IVth Book of Kings, xxiii. 17 Harl. MS. 2249. In Mark v. 5,
the demoniac is said to have "hadde an hous in birielis." So likewise in Leg. Aur.
" It happed after, that vpon the buryels grewe a ryght fayre flouredelyse." f. cxi. The
Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 145, gives "Mausoleum, a byryelle,
anabatrum, a chyrchestyle."
2 The Solanum dulcamara, or woody nightshade.
3 See hereafter LABLE, or labbe, which occurs in Chaucer. This word is doubtless
derived from the same source as blabbe and blaberyn. Skinner would deriye the
verb to blabber from the Latin, " q. d. elabiare, i. e. labiis quicquid occurrit effutire"
Compare TEUT. blapperen, garrire, BELG. lapperen, blaterare.
4 This word signifies a person who stammers, or has any defect in his speech. The
38
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BLAK. Niger, ater.
BLAKENESSE. Nigredo.
BLAKYN', or make blake. Denigro,
ritupero, increpo.
BLAKE THORNE. (Prunus, P.)
BLAME. Culpa, noxa, vitupe-
rium.
(BLAMEN, p. Culpo, vitupero, in-
crepo.)
BLAMEWORTHY. Culpabilis.
BLAMYNGE. Vituperium.
BLANKETT, vollon clothe.1 Lodix.
BLANKETT, lawngelle. Langellus.
BLASFEMARE. Blasphemator.
BLASFEMYN'. Blasfemo.
BLASFEMYNGE. Blasphemia.
BLASYN', as lowe of fyre (as doth
the leme of a fyre, P.) Flammo.
BLASYN', or dyscry armys. De-
scribo.
BLASYNGE, or flamynge of fyre.
Flammacio.
BLASYNGE of armys. Descripcio.
BLASTE of wynde. Flatus.
BLANKS plumbe (blavmblumbe,
K. H. blawmblumb, otherwyse
called whyte lede, p.)2 Album
plumbum.
BLANCHYN' almandys, or ober
lyke (blaunchyn, p.) Dealbo,
decortico.
BLANCHYNGE of almondys or other
lyke. Dealbacio, decorticacio.
BLAWNDRELLE, frute (blaunderel,
K.)3 Melonis, c. F.
BLEDYN'. Sanguino, cruento.
BLEDYNGE. Sanguinacio, fleo-
botomia.
BLEDYNGE boyste.4 Ventosa, guna,
Ortus renders " traulus, a ratelare." It appears in Ducange that balbus and llesus are
synonymous with traulus ; the first of these is rendered in Cooper's Thesaurus, one
" that cannot well pronounce words, a maffler in the mouth."
1 Blanket is taken from the French blancket, woollen cloth, no doubt of a white
colour ; the distinction here made is not very clear, but lodix appears to have been a
bed-covering, as we now use the word blanket, langellus, blanket cloth generally.
" Langeul, langais, blanchet, drap de laine" ROQUEF. The Medulla explains lodex
to be " a blanchet or a whytil ;" the latter word, which is merely a version of the
French, is still retained in North Britain to denote a woollen wrapper used by females."
"Lodix, quicquid in lecto supponitur, et proprie pannus villosus, Anglice, a blanket."
ORT. voc. See hereafter DAGGYSWEYNE, lodix.
2 In Sloan. MS. 73, f. 213, are directions for making blanc plumb, album plumbum,
with "strong reed wine drestis, and brode platis of newe leed, in a great erthen pot or
barel, and closed for six wokis or more in hoot horsdunge." This MS. is of the close of
the XVth century ; an earlier receipt occurs in Sloan. MS. 2584, f. 6.
3 Lydgate mentions this among the fruits more choice than " pechis, costardes,
et'iam wardens."
" Pipus, quinces, blaunderelle to disport,
And the pome-cedre corageos to recomfort. Minor Poems, p. 15.
" Blaundrell, an apple, brandureau."1"1 PALSG. " Blanduriau, tres blanc; pommes de
Caleville blanc, qui venoient d'Auvergne." ROQUEF. " Elandureau, the white apple,
called in some parts of England a blaundrell." COTGR.
4 The Catholicon gives the following explanation : " Guna vel guina, vas vitreum
quod et Latinis a simiiitudine cucurbitce veatosa vocatur, qua animata xpiritu per igni-
culum in superjwiem trahit sanguinem." PAPIAS; see Ducange. The operation of
cupping, which is one of ancient use, was doubtless well known to the Friar of Lynn,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BLEDYNGE yryn. Fleosotomium,
c. F. (Jleobothomiwn, p.)
BLEDDYR. Vesica.
BLEDDERYD. Vesicatus.
BLEYKE of coloure.1 Pallidus,
subalbus.
BLEYKCLobE, or qwysters (ble-
chen clothe, K. p. blekyn, H.)2
Candida.
BLEYSTARE, or wytstare (bleyster,
K. bleyestare or qwytstare, H.
bleykester or whytster, p.)3
Candidarius, CATH. c. F.
BLEYNE. Papula, CATH. et UG.
in popa.
BLEKE (blecke, p.)2 Atr amentum.
BLEKKYN wythe bleke (blacky n
with blecke, p.) Atramento.
(BLEXTERE, K. Obfuscator.)
BLEMSCHYDE (blemysshed, p.) Ob-
fuscatus.
BLENSCHYN' (blemysshen, p.) Ob-
fuSCO, CATH.
BLEMSCHYNGE. Obfuscacio.
BLERE YED (blere iyed, p.)5Lippus.
BLERYDNESSE (blere iyednesse,
P.) Lippitudo.
BLERYNGE or mowynge wythe the
mowthe. Valgia.
BLERYNGE wythe mowe makynge.6
Patento, valgio.
BLESE or flame of fyre (blase or
lowe, P.) Flammella.
BLESCHYN', or qwenchyn' (blessh-
yn, p.) Extinguo.
BLESCHYNGE, or qwenchynge of
fyre (blensshinge, P.) Ex-
tinctio.
BLETYN', as a schepe. Balo.
BLETYNGE of a schepo. Balatus.
BLEVYN, or levyn aftyrwarde (ble-
vyn or abydyn, K. p.) Remaneo,
restat.
BLEVYNGE, or releve, or relefe (or
levynge or relef, K.)7 Reliquia,
vel reliquiae.
who compiled the Promptorium, as one of the means resorted to when, according to the
monastic institutions, there were at stated seasons (temporibus minucionis) general
blood-lettings. See Martene de Antiq. Ritibus, and Mr. Rokewode's note on Chron.
Joe. de Brakelonda, p. 11. In the Chirurgica of John Arderne, surgeon to Edw. III.
where he speaks of cupping, " ventosacio,'" a representation is given of the bledynge
boyste. Sloane MS. 65, f. 70. Compare the verb BOYSTON.
1 " Bleke, wan of colour, blesme." PALSG. A.S. blsec, pallidus.
" Some one, for she is pale and bleche." GOWER, Conf. Am. B. v.
Bleek is still used in Norfolk to signify pale and sickly. FORBY.
2 TEUT. bleycken, excandefacere insolando. A.S. ablaecan, dealbare.
3 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1587, renders " Albatrix, candidaria,
blecherre or lawnderre." " Whitstarre, Uanchisseur de toylles." PALSG. See WHYT-
STARE.
4 Herman says, " Wryttera ynke shulde be fyner than blatche, atramentum scriptorium
lectius esset sutorio." "Bleche for souters, attrarnent noyr." PALSG. A.S. blaec,
atramentum.
& " Lippus dicitur qui habet oculos lachrymantes cum palpebris euersatis, blered of the
eye." ORT. voc. In Piers Ploughman the verb to blere occurs, used metaphorically.
*' He blessede hem with his bulles, and blerede hure eye." " To bleare ones eye,
begyle him, enguigner." PALSG.
6 " I gyue him the best counsayle I can, and the knaue bleareth his tonge at me,
tirer la langue." PALSG. See MOWE, or skorne.
7 See RELEEF, or brocaly of mete.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BLEYLY, or gladely (blythely, p.)
Libenter, sponte, spontanee.
BLYNDE. Cecus.
BLYNDEFYLDE (blyndfellyd, H.)
Excecatus.
BLYNDYN', or make blynde. Exceco.
BLYNDFELLEN', idem est.
BLYNDNESSE. Cecitas.
BLYNNYN, or cesun, or leve-warke.1
Desisto, cesso.
BLYSSE. Beatitudo, gaudium.
BLYSSYD, hevynly. Beatus.
BLESS YD, erthely. Benedictus,
felix.
BLYSSYN', or blesse. Benedict).
BLESSYNGE. Benedictio.
BLYTHE and mery. Letus, hillaris.
BLYM, or gladde, or make glad
(blyym or glathyn in herte, K.
blithen or gladden, p.) Letifico.
BLYTHYN', or welle-cheryn'. Ex-
hillero.
BLOO coloure. JLividus, luridus,
c. F.
BLO ERYE (bio erthe, p.)2 Argilla.
BLOBURE (blobyr, p.)3 Burbu-
lium, UG. burbaliurrij c. F.
BLODE. Sanguis, cruor.
BLOODE hownde. Molosus, c. F.
BLODY. Sanguinolentus.
BLOODE YRYN, supra in BLED-
YNGE YRYN.
BLOODE LATARE. Fleobotomator,
c. F.
BLOKE or stoke (blooc, H.)4
Truncus, codex, CATH.
BLOME flowre. Flos-.
BLOMYN', or blosmyn' (blosym, p.)
Floreo, floresco.
BLONESSE. Livor.
BLORYYN' or wepyn' (bleren, p.)6
Ploro,fleo.
BLORYYNGE or wepynge (bloringe,
p.) Ploratus, fletus.
1 Hampole, in the Pricke of Conscience, terms the day of final doom " the day of
sorowe that neuer salle blyne." Harl. MS. 6923. Fabyan, in the Prologe to vol. ii.
speaks of the great devotion that occupied, without any intermission, the numerous
religious houses in London,
" When one hath done, another begyn,
So that of prayer they neuer blyn."
" To blynne, rest or cease of, cesser. He neuer felt wo or neuer sail blynne, that hath
a bysshoppe to his kin." PALSG. A.S. blinnan, cessare.
3 The reading of the Harl. MS. ERYE may at first sight appear to be corrupt ; it
is, however, retained, because hereafter there occur ERYE, or ERTHE, and ERYYN, or of
the erthe.
3 This word occurs in Chaucer, Test, of Creseide.
" And at his mouth a blubber stode of fome."
" Blober upon water (or bubble) bouteillis.'' PALSG. The verb to blubre occurs in an
analogous sense, in Syr Gawayn and the Grene Kny^t, lin. 2174. " The borne blubred
ther inne as hit boyled hade." Blubber still signifies in Norfolk a bubble, from blob,
as Forby says. See Bleb in Skinner, and Jamieson.
" Blocke of a tree, tronchet, tronc. Blocke of tynne, saumon d'estain." PALSG.
5 Skinner gives blare as an English word, from Belg. blaren, mugire. Teut. blerren,
clamitare. It is retained in the dialect of Norfolk, as applied to calves, sheep, asses,
and children. FORBY. Blore signifies a roaring wind, as in the Mirrour for Magistrates,
p. 838, " hurried headlong with the south-west blore."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
41
BLOSME, or blossura. Frons.
BLOSMYNGE, or blossummynge.
Frondositas.
BLOTTE vpon a boke. Oblitum, C.F.
BLOTTYN' bokys. Oblitero.
BLOTTYNGE. Oblitteracio.
(BLOTTYD, p. Oblitteratus.)
BLOWYN' as wynde. Flo.
BLOWYN' wytlie home. Corno,
C.F. cornicino, KYLW.
BLOWN as a man wythe honde
(blowen with sounde, P.) Ex-
sufflo, sufflo (insufflO) P.)
BLOYNGE (blowynge, P.) Flacio,
flatus.
BLEWE of coloure. BlodiuS) blue-
tUS, DICC.
BLUNDERER or blunt warkere (wor-
ker, P.) Hebefactor, hebeficus.
BLUNDERYNGE, or blunt warkynge.
Hebefaccw.
BLUNESSE, supra in BLONESSE.
BLUNT of wytte. Hebes.
BLUNT of edge, and bluternesse
(bluntnesse, P.) quere post in
DUL and DULNESSE.
BoBET.1 Collafa, collafus, CATH.
BOBETTYN'. Collaphizo.
BOBETYNGE. Collafizacio.
Booc or boos, netystalle (boce, K.
bose, netis stall, H. p.)2 Boscar,
CATH. bucetum, presepe.
BOCE or boos of a booke or ober
lyke (booce, HI) Turgiolwn, UG»
BOCYN' owte or strowtyn'.3 Tur-
geoj c. F. UG.
BOCYNGE or strowtynge. Turgor.
BOCHERE. Carnifex, macellarius*
BOCHERYE. Macellum, CATH.
carnificina.
BOCLE or boculle (bocul, K. H»
bokyll or bocle, P.) Pluscula^
DICC. KYLW.
BOCLYD as shone or botys (boke*
led, P.) Plusculatus.
BODE or massage (boode, H.)4
Nuncium.
BODY. Corpus.
BODYLY. Corporaliter>
BODYLY. Corporalis.
BOFFETE. Alapa*
BUFFETYN', or suffetyn'5 (bofeten,
p.) Alapizo, alapo, CATH.
BOFETYNGE. Alapizacio.
BOFET, thre fotyd stole (boffet
stole, p.)6 Tripes.
1 " Bobet on the heed, coup de poing.^ PALSG.
3 In the Midland and Northern counties, a Stall where cattle stand all night in winter
is called a boose ; in Scotland, a bowe. See Craven Dialect, and Jamieson. Ang. Sax.
bosg, prcesepe.
3 This word occurs in Palsgrave as a verb active. " To booce or boce out as worke-
men do a holowe thynge to make it seem more apparent to the eye, endocer. This brod-
erer hath boced this pece of worke very well."
4 A.S. bod, jussum.
* The word suffetyn', which occurs here only, and is not found in the other MSS.,
or the printed editions, may be an erroneous reading, but possibly it is a corruption of
the French word souffleter, to cuff on the ear. Jamieson gives the verb to souff, or strike.
6 Skinner gives " Buffet-stole, vox agro Line, usitatissima ; est autem sella lerior
portatiliS) sine ullo cubitorum aut dorsi fulcro, credo parum dejtexo sensu a G. buffet,
mensa; menses enim vicem satis commode supplere potest." The buffet, however, was
the court-cupboard ; in France termed also the credence ; and under this a low stool
without a back might be placed, but for what special purposes does not appear. Hickes
derives the word from A.S. beod, mensa, and fset, vas. Forby explains the buffet-
OAMD. SOC. G
42
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BAGGYSCHYN (boggysche, K. H,
boggisshe, p.) Tumidus.
BOGGYSCHELY. Tumide.
BOCHCHARE, or vn-crafty (bot-
char, p,)1 Iners, c. F.
(BOTCHARE of olde thinges, P. He-
sartor.)
BOHCHE, sore (botche, p.) Ulcus,
CATH.
BOCHMENT (botchement, P.) Ad-
ditamentum, amplificamentum,
CATH. augmentum, auctorium.
BOY, supra in BEY. Scurrus.
BOYDEKYN, or bodekyn. Subucula,
perforatorium.
BOYSTE or box2. Fix (pixis, P.)
alabastrum, c. F.
BoYSToN'.3 Scaro, ventoso, UG.
BoYSTOws.4 Eudis.
BOYSTOWS garment. Birrus, CATH.
BOYSTOWESNESSE (boystousnesse,
p.) Euditas.
BOOK (boke, P.) Liber, codex.
BOOKBYNDER, or amendere. So-
sius, UG. in -soros.
BOKELERE. Pelta, ancile, KYLW.
c. F. parma, CATH.
BOKELYN, or spere wythe bokylle.
Plusculo.
BOKERAM, clothe.5
BOKETT. Situla, mergus, c. F.
BOKULLE, supra in BOCLE (bokyll,
*)
BOKULLE makere. Pluscularius,
DICT.
BOLAS frute (bollas, p.) Pepulum.r
mespilum, KYLW. CATH.
BOLAS tre.6 Pepulus.
stool in Norfolk to be a four-legged stool set on a frame like a table, and serving as
the poor man's sideboard, stool, or table. In the History of Hawsted, by Sir John-
Cullum, p. 25, the bequest occurs in 1553 of " a buffed stool," which is explained to
be an oval stool without a back, and generally having a hole in the seat, for the con-
venience of lifting it. The Inventory of the effects of Katharine Lady Hedworth, 1568,
comprises the following articles: " In my Ladyes Chamber, 2 cupbords, 6s, 8d. 2 cup-
bord stoulles, 3s. 4cL 3 buffett formes, Ss. one litle buffet stole, 6d." Wills and Invent.
i. 282. printed by the Surtees Society. See hereafter BUFFETT stole.
1 Palsgrave gives the verb " to botche, or bungyll a garment as he dothe that is nat
a perfyte workeman, fatrouiller." " Thou hast but bodchyd and countrefeat Latten,
imaginarie umbratilisque figure." HORM.
2 "A buyste, alalastrum, pi'xis hosliarium pro kosiiit.'" CATH. ANGL. " Lechitou
estvas olei amplum, vel ampulla ampla que auricaico sol et fieri, Aiifflice, a boyste or
kytte for oyle." ORT. voc. This word is from the old French boiste, bostia, in late
Latinity bustea, or bustula, and these are derived from pyxis, or, as Menage supposes,
from luxus, the material chiefly employed. See Buist, in Jamieson.
3 See above BLEDYNGE BOYSTE.
4 " Bustus, rudis, rigidus. To be bustus, rudere." CATH. ANGL. " Rudis, indoctus,
inordinatus, quasi mri datus, boystous. Ritdo, to make boystous." ORT. voc. " Boy-
stous, styffe or rude, lourd, royde. Unweldly, boystouse, lourd, Boystousnesse, roydeur,
impeiuosite." Chaucer uses the word thus: " I am a boistous man, right thus say I."
Manciple's Tale. The Wicliffite version renders Matt. ix. 16, " No man puttith a clout
of bostous cloth into an olde clothing ;" in the original the sense is raw, un wrought cloth.
5 " Buckeram, bovgueram." PALSG. In medieval Latinity boquerannus. DUG. If
it signified a coarse-grained cloth, the name may be of French derivation, from bourre,
flocks of wool, and grain ; but some ancient writers describe it as telce subtilis, species.
See MENAGE. William Thomas, in his Principal Rules of Italian Grammar, 1548,
renders " bucherawe, buckeramme, and some there is white, made of bombase, so
thinne that a man nua see through it.""
0 " A bulas tre, pepulus." CATH. ANGL. " Pepulus, a bolaster." ORT. voc.
PROMPTOiUUM PARVULORUM.
BOOLDE, or hardy (bolde, p.)
Audax, animosus, magnani-
mus.
BOLDE, or to homely. Presump-
tuosus, e/rons, c. F.
BOLDELY, or hardely. Audacter.
BOLDELY, or malapertly. Effronter,
c. F. presumptuose.
BOLDENESSE, or hardynesse. Au-
dacia.
BOLDENESSE, or homelynesse (to-
homlynes, K.) Presumpcio.
BOOLE, a beste (bole, net, beste, H.)
Taurus.
BOLLE, vesselle. Concha, Inter,
c. F. UG.
BOLLE, dysche. Cantare.
BOLLE of a balaunce, or skole
(scoole, H.) Lanx, CATH.
BOYLYD mete.
BOLYYN' or boylyn'. Bullio.
BOYLYN ouyr, as pottys on ]?e
fyre (bullyn, H.) Ebullio.
BOLYYNGE, or boylynge of pottys
or othere lyke.1 Bullicio, bailor,
BOLLYNGE owere as pottys plawyn.
Ebullicio, c. F.
BOLKE, or hepe. Cumulus, acervus.
BoLKYN'.2 Ructo, eructo, orexo,
CATH. C. F.
BOLKYNGE, or bulkyuge. Orexis,
eructuacio, c. F.
BOLNYD. Tumidus.
BOLNYN'.S Tumeo, turgeo, tumesco.
BOLNYNGE. Tumor.
BQLSTYR of a bedde.4 Culcitra.
BOLTE. Petilium, tribulum, KYLW.
BONE. Os.
BONDE. Vinculum, ligamen.
BONDAGE. Servitus.
BONDE, as a man or woman. Ser-
vus, serva.
BONDMAN. Servus nativus.
BONDSCHEPE. Nativitas.
BONDOGGE (bonde dogge, p.)5
Molosus.
BONE, or graunte of prayer (boone,
p.) Precarium, CATH. c. F.
peticio.
BONET of a seyle. Artemo, CATH.
sirapum, c. F. •
BONY, or hnrtynge (of hurtynge,
K. H. p.)6 Fleumon, CATH. fleg-
men, c. F. (tumor, p.)
1 " Bulla, tumor, laticum, i. acjuarum, a bollynge or a bloure." GARLAND. EQUIV.
2 "Ructo, to bolkyn." MED. GR. " Bolke nat as a bene were in thy throte, ne
route point" PYNSON, boke to lerne French. " To booke, belche, roucter. Bolkyng
of the stomake, routtement." PALSG. A.S. bealcan, eructare. Skinner gives " Boke, vox
agro Lincolniensi familiar is, significat nauseare, eructare." See Boke, or Yoke, Forby.
3 In theWicliffite version, 1 Cor. v. 2, " Ghe ben bolnun with pride." Chaucer speaks
of "bollen hartes." "Bollynge yes out se but febely, oculi prominentes." HORM.
" Bolnyng or swellyng of a bruise or sore. See how this tode bolneth, s'enfle" PALSG.
" iJolstarre, trauersin, chevecel.'" PALSG. AS. bolster, cervical,
5 " A bande doge, Molosus.'1 CATH. ANGL. Skinner conjectures that the word
bandog is derived from " band, vinculum, q. d. canis vinctus, ne scilicet noceat ; vel ti
malis, ab A.S. bana, interfector.'1''
6 The Catholicon explains flegmen to be " tumor sanc/uinis. Item flegmina sunt
quando in manilus et pedibus callosi sulci sunt.^ It would appear to be the same as a
bunnian, the derivation of which has been traced from the French, "biyne, bosse, en-
flure, tumeur." ROQUEF. Cotgrave renders it a bump or knob, and he gives also
" Bigne, club-footed." Sir Thos. Browne, Forby, and Moore give the word bunny, a
small swelling caused by a fall or blow ; in Essex " a boine on the head." In Cullum's
Hawsted, among the words of local use, is given bunny, a swelling from a blow.
44
PROMPT OR 1UM PARVULORUM.
BONY, or grete knobbe (knowe, w.)
Gibbus, gibber, callus, CATH.
BONSCHAWE, sekenesse (bonshawe,
p.)1 Tessedo, sciasis.
BOORE, swyne. Aper, verres,
CATH.
BORAGE, herbe. Borago.
Stultis, leprosis, scabidis, tumi-
dis, furiosis, \_ago-
Dicit borago, gaudia semper
BOORDE. Tabula, mensa, asser.
BORDECLOTHE. Mappa, gausape,
c. F.
BOORDE, or game.2 Ludus, jocus.
BOORDON, or pleyyn' (bordyn, p.)
Ludo, jocor.
BORDELE. Lupanar, prostibulum.
BORDYOURE, or pleyare (bordere,
p.)3 Lusor, joculator.
BOORDEKNYFE. Mensacula, COMM.
UG. KYLW.
BORDURE abowte a thynge (bor-
dore, K. round a-bo\vtyn, H.)
Limbus, orarium, c. F. ora.
BORDERYN', or to make a bordur
(maken a border about, p.)
Limbo.
BORE, or hole. Foramen.
BORYN', or holyn (make an hole,
p.) Perforo, penetro, cavo.
BORYNGE, or percynge. Perfo-
racio, cavatura.
BORMYN', or pulchyn' (bornyn,
K.P. boornyn, H.)4 Polio, CATH.
Bo*iwAGE (borweshepe, K. boro-
wage, P.) Fidejussio, c. F.
BORWARE (borower, P.) Mutu-
ator, c. F. sponsor, CATH.
BORWYNGE. Mutuacio, mutuum.
(BORWE for a-nothire person, K.
borowe, H.
sponsor.)
p.
Fidejussor,
1 "The baneschawe, oscedo." CATH. ANGL. <- Oscedo, quedam infirmitas quo ora
infantium exulcerantur , i. e. oscitatio, oris apertio, a boneshawe." OUT. " De in-
firmitatilus. Baneschaw, cratica, i. passus." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 40. John
Arderne, who was surgeon to Edward III., says in his Chirurgica, "ad guttam in osse
que dicitur bonschawe, multum valet oleum de mtellis ovorum, si inde ungatur.1" Sloan.
MS. 56 f. 18 b. In Sloan. MS. 100, f. 7, is given the recipe for "a good medicyn
for boonschawe. Take bawme and fe}>irfoie, )>e oon deel bawme, and J>e Jjridde parte
fejnrfoie, and staumpe hem, and tempere hem wij> stale ale, and lete J>e sike drinke
J>erof." In Devonshire the sciatica is termed bone -shave, and the same word signifies
in Somerset an horny excrescence on the heel of an horse. ? A.S. sceorfa, scabies.
3 " A bowrde, jocus. A bowrdeword, dicerium, dictorium." CATH. ANGL. " Mis-
tilogia, a bourde, i. fabula. Nugaciter, bourdly." ORT. voc. " Bourde or game, jeu.
Bourdyng, jestyng, joncherie. To bourde or iape with one in sporte, truffler, border,
iouncher." PALSG.
3 " A bowrder, mimilarius, mimilogus, lusor, joculator, et cet' ubi a harlotte." CATH.
ANGL. " Mistilogus, a bourder, i. fabulator vel gesticulator,'1 ORT. voc.
4 " Bornysch, burnir." PALSG. Chaucer and Gower use burned in this sense fre-
quently, as in the Knightes tale, " wrought all of burned steele."
" An harnois as for a lustie knight,
Which burned was as silver bright." Conf. Am.
The word is taken from the old French word, burni ; in modern orthography, bruni.
" A borgh, fidejussor, vas, sponsor, obses. To be borghe, fidejubere, spondere."
CATH. ANGL. " Fidejussor, a borowe, qui pro alio se obligat, a suerty." ORT. voc.
The word occurs in Piers Ploughman's Vision, line 13951.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
45
^ or plegge (borwe, K. H.)
Vas, CATH.
BOROWYN' of anodur '(borwyn of
another, K. borowen, P.) Mu-
tuor.
BORWON owt of preson, or stresse
(borvyn, H. borwne, p.)1 Vador,
CATH.
BOSARDE byrde. Capus, vultur.
BOSOME, or bosnm'. Sinus, UG.
gremium.
BOST (boost, P.) Jactancia, ar-
rogancia, ostentacio.
BOSTARE, or bostowre. Jactator,
arrogans, philocompus, c. F.
BOOSTON'. Jacto, ostento.
BOOT. Navicula, scapha, simba.
BOTE for a mannys legge (bote or
cokyr, H. coker, p.)2 Bota,
ocrea.
BOTE of (or, P.) helthe. Salus.
BOTELLE vesselle. Uter, obba.
BOTELLE of hey.3 Fenifascis.
BOTLERE (boteler, p.) Pincerna,
promus, propinator, acaliculis,
CATH.
BOTERAS of a walle.4 Machinis,
muripula, muripellus, fultura.
BOTERYE. Celarium, boteria, pin-
cernaculum (promptuarium, p.)
BOTEW. Coturnus, botula, crepita.
BOOTHYR. Potomium, CATH. c. F.
BOTWRYTHE (botewright, P.) Na-
vicularius, UG.
BOTYNGE, or encrese yn byynge 5
Licitamentum, CATH. liciarium,
C. F.
BoTUNE,6 or botum' (botym, P.)
Fundum.
BOTUN, or yeue more owere in
bargaynys (botyn, or 30116 more-
ouere in barganynge, K. botown,
H. bote, P.) Licitor, CATH. vel
in precio superaddo.
BOTME, or fundament (botym, p.)
Basis.
BOTME of threde, infra in CLOW-
CHEN, or clowe (botym, p.)7
BOTOWRE, byrde (botore, K. p.)
Onocroculus, botorius, c. F.
BOTWN (botun, P.) Boto, fibula,
nodulus, DICT.
" Ne wight noon wol ben his borugh,
Ne wed hath noon to legge."
It is found also not infrequently in Chaucer and Spenser.
" That now nill be quitt with baile nor borow." Sheph. CalJMay.
" Vas, i. sponsor vel fidejussor, Anglice a borowe" (borghe, in another Edition). GAR-
LAND, Equiv. "Borowe, a pledge, pleige."1"1 PALSG. A.S. borh, foenus,fidejussor.
1 " If thou be taken prisoner in this quarrell, I wyll nat borowe the, I promesse the,
je ne te pledgeray point." PALSG.
2 See BOTEW, and COKYR, botew. " Boote of lether, Aowseaw." PALSG.
3 " Botelle of haye, botteau de foyn. Aske you for the hosteller, he is aboue in the
haye lofte makynge botelles (or hotels) of hay, loteller." PALSG. In Norfolk it denotes
the quantity of hay that may serve for one feed. FORBY.
4 " Bottras, portant." PALSG. " Arc boutant." COTOR.
* " To boote in corsyng," (horse-dealing) " or chaunging one thyng for another,
gyue money or some other thynge above the thyng. What wyll you boote bytwene my
horse and yours ? mettre ou bouter dauaniaige." PALSG. A.S. betan, emendare.
* The correct reading is probably BOTME. " A bothome, fundus," CATH. ANGL.
7 " A bothome of threde, filarium." CATH. ANGL. " Bottome of threde, gliceav.x,
plotton dejil." PALSG. Skinner derives it from the French, bateau, fasciculus.
46
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BOTHON clothys (botonyn, K bo-
ton, P.) Botono, fibttio.
BOTURE (botyr, K.) Butirum.
BOTURFLYE, PaplllO.
BOWE of a tre (boughe, branche,
p.) Ramus.
BOWALLE, or bowelle (bowaly,
K. H. bawelly, P.) Viscus.
BOWALYNGE. Evisceracio, exen-
teracio.
BOWAYLYN', or take owte bowalys.
Eviscero, CATH.
BOWDE, malte-worme (bonde of
malte, p.)1 Gurgulio, KYLW.
BOWE. Arcus.
BOWETT, or lanteme.2 Lucerna,
lanterna.
BOWJERE (bowyere, P.) Arcu-
arius, architenens, DICT.
BOWYN'. Flecto, curvo.
BOWYN', or lowtyn' (lowyn, bulkyn,
or bowyn, H. P.) Inclino.
BOWGE. Bulga, c. F.
BOWLE. Bolus.
BOWLYN, or pley wythe bowlys.
Solo.
BOWNDE, or marke. Meta, limes.
BONTYVASNESSE (bountyuous-
nesse, P.) Munificentia, libe-
ralitas, largitas.
BONTYVESE (bountyuous, P.) Mu-
nificus, liberalis, largus.
BOWRE, chambyr. Thalamus,
conclave.
Box, or buffett. Alapa.
(Box, or boyste, K. H. p. Pixis.)
Box tre. Buxus.
BOTHE, or bothyn (bothen, P.)
Uterque, ambo, CATH.
BO)?E, chapmannys schoppe. Pella,
selda (opella, apotecha, p.)
BOYUL or bothule, herbe, or cow-
slope (bothil, H. boyl, p.)3 Vac-
tinia, c. F. menelaca, marciana,
C. F.
BRACE, or (of, p.) a balke. Un-
cus, loramentum, c. F.
BRACE of howndys.
BRACYN, or sette streyte. Tendo.
BRAGETT, dryiike (bragot or bra-
ket, K. H. p.)4 Mellibrodium,
bragetum (sed hoc estfictum, p.)
BRAY, or brakene, baxteiis instru-
ment. Pinsa, c. F.
1 Bouds, in the Eastern counties, are weovils in malt. TUSSER, FORBY, MOORE.
* Among appliances for sacred use in the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17.
C. XVII. f. 46. are " absconsa, sconsse, ventifuga, bowyt, crucibulum, cressett." The
word was no doubt taken from the French boete ; in Latin, boieta, capsula.
3 In the treatise of herbs and their qualities, Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 72 b. is mentioned
bothume, " Consolida media is an herbe that me clepyth wyth bothume, or whyte
goldys, thys herbe hath leuvs that beth enelong."
4 " Bragott, idromellum." CATH. ANGL. "Hire mouth was swete as braket or the
meth." CHAUC. Milleres Tale. Skinner explains bragget to be "species hydromelitis,
vel potius cerevisice melle et aromatibus conditce Lancastrensilus valde usitata." The
Welsh bragod has the same signification. Grose says bracket is in the North a drink
compounded of honey and spices. See bragwort, in Jamieson and Nares. Harrison,
who lived in Essex about 1575, relates in his description of England, prefixed to Holin-
shed's Chronicles, ii. c. 6, how his wife was accustomed to make brackwoort, reserving
a portion of the woort unmixed with hops, which she shut up close, allowing no air to
come to it till it became yellow, calling it brackwort, or charwort, to which finally she
added arras, and bay-berries powdered.
PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
47
BRAYNE. Cerebrum.
BRAYYN' in sownde (brayne in
sowndynge, p.)1 Barrio, CATH.
BRAYYN', as baxters her pastys
(brayn, vide in knedying, K.)
Pinso, CATH.
BRAYYN, or stampyn in a mortere,
Tero.
BRAYYNGE, or stampynge. Tri-
tura.
BRAYYNGE yn sownde. Barritus,
c. F.
BRAYNYN' (brayne, P.) Excerebro.
BRAYNYD, or kyllyd. Excere-
bratus.
BRANYD, or full of brayne. Ce-
rebrosus, cerebro plenus.
BRAYNYNGE, or kyllyiige. Ex-
cerebracio.
BRAYNLES. Incerebrosus.
BRAKE, herbe, or ferme.2 Filix.
BRAKEBUSHE, or fernebrake.
Filicetum, filicarium, UG. in
filaxe.
BRAKENE, supra in BRAY (brake-
nesse, j.)3
BRAKYN, or castyn, or spewe.4
Vomo, CATH. evomo.
BRAKYNGE, or parbrakynge. Vo-
mitus, evomitus.
BRANDELEDE (branlet, K. branlede
or treuet, p.) Tripes, NECC.
BRAS (brasse, P.) Es.
BRASYLE.S Gaudo, Dice, vel
lignum Alexandrinum.
BRASYN' (brased, p.) Ereus, eneus.
BRASYERE. Erarius.
BRAS-POTT. Emola, BRIT.
1 " The moders of the chyldern" (slain by Constantine) " camen cryenge and brayenge
for sorowe of theyr ohyldern." LEGEND. AUR. " To bray as a deere doth, or other beest,
brayre. There is a deer kylled, for I here hym bray." PALSG.
2 " A brakane, filix, a brakanbuske, fificarium.'" CATH. ANGL. "Filix, Anglice,
feme or brakans." ORT. voc. " Brake, feme, fusiere" PALSO. In the Household
Book of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511, it appears that water of braks was stilled
yearly, for domestic use. Ray gives the word brakes as generally used ; it is retained in-
Norfolk and Suffolk. See FORBY and NARES.
3 " A brake, pinsella, vibra, rastellum.'1'' CATH. ANGL.
* "He wyll nat cease fro surfettynge, tyll he be reddy to parbrake." HORM. " To-
parbrake, vomir. It is a shrewde turne, he parbraketh thus." PALSG. This word does
not occur again in its proper place in the Promptorium. See Braking, in Jamieson.
5 It is not a little singular to find so many notices as occur of Brasil-wood, con-
siderably anterior to the discovery of Brasil, by the Portuguese Captain, Peter Alvarez
Capralis, which occurred 3d May, 1500. He named it the land of the Holy Cross,
" since of store of that wood, called Brasill." Purchas's Pilgrimes, vol. i. It is probable
that some wood which supplied a red dye had been brought from the East Indies, and
received the name of Brasil, long previous to the discovery of America. See Huetiana,
p. 268. In the Canterbury Tales, the host, commending the Nonne's preeste for his
health and vigour, says,
" Him nedeth not his colour for to dien,
With Brasil, ne with grain of Portingale."
Among the valuable effects of Henry V. taken shortly after his decease in 1422, there
occur "ii. graundes peces du Bracile, pris vi. s. mii. d." ROT. PARL. In Sloan. MS.
2584, p. 3, will be found directions " for to make brasil to florische lettres, or to rewle
wyth bookes."
48
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BRAWLERE. Litigator, litigiosus,
jurgosus.
BRAWLYN', or strywen'. Litigo,
jurgo. Quere plura in STRY-
VEN.
BRAWLYNGE. Jurgium, litigium.
BRAWNE of a bore.1 Aprina*
(BRAWNE of a checun, H. cheken, p.
Pulpa, c. F.)
BRAWNE of mannys leggys or ar-
rays. Musculus, lacertus, pul-
pa
C. F.
BRANCHE of a tre. Palmes, c. F.
(ramws, ramusculus, P.)
(BRAWNCHE of a vyny, K. p.
Palmes.)
BRAWNDESCHYN' (brawnchyn as
man, K.) Vibro.
BRAWNDYSCHYNGE (brawnchyng,
K.) Vibracio.
BRECHE, or breke.2 Brace®, plur.
BREDDE or hecchyd, of byrdys
(hetched, p.) Pullificatus.
BREDE, mannys fode. Pants.
BREDE twyys bakyn, as krakenelle
or symnel,3 or other lyke (twyes
bake, or a craknell, P.) Ru-
bidns, c. F. (artocopus, P.)
BREDE, bysqwyte, supra (bred cle-
pyd bysqwyte, H. p.) Biscoctus.
BREDE, or lytylle borde. Men^
sula, tabella, asserulus,
BREDE-HUCHE (bredhitithe, P.)
Turrundula, UG. in turgeo.
BREDECHESE (bredchese, p.)4
Jumtata (junctata, p.)
1 Brawne, which Tooke conjectured to be boaren, flesh being understood, was applied
anciently in a more general sense than at present. The etymology of the word may be
traced with much probability to the Latin, aprugnum, callum. Piers Ploughman speaks
of " brawn and blod of the goos, bacon and colhopes ; " and Chaucer, in the Knight's
Tale, applies the word, as it has been here, to the muscular parts of the human frame.
" His limmes gret, his braunes hard and strong.''
The gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth gives the word in this sense,
" En la jambe est la sure, (the caalf.)
E taunt cum braoun rest ensure, (the brahun.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 298.
" \>e brawne of a man, musculus." CATH. ANOL. " Lacerna, vel lacertus, proprie superior
pars brachii vel musculus, brawne of the arme." MED. Harl. MS. 2257. " He hath eate
all the braune of the lopster, callum.'1 HORM. " JBraon, le gras des f esses." ROQUEF.
Roman de Rou.
2 " Breke, bracce, femorale, perizoma, sardballa. Breke of women, feminalia."
CATH. ANGL. A curious illustration of the use by the fair sex of this last-mentioned
article of dress is supplied by the Roll of Expenses of Alianore Countess of Leicester,
A.D. 1265, edited by Mr. Botfield for the Roxburghe Club. " Item, pro m pellibus
baszeni ad cruralia Comitissce, per Hicqe Cissorem, xxi d. pro Hi ulnis tarentinilli ad
eadem, per eundem, xii d. pro pluma ad eadem, xii d.1' page 10. " Bathini dicuntur
vestes linee usque ad genua pertinentes, a breche." ORT. voc. " Breche of hosen,
Iraiette, Iraie, braies."" PALSG. Elyot gives in his Librarie a quaint synonyme in his
rendering of the word " subligaculum , a nether coyfe or breche."
3 See CRAKENELLE, brede, and SYMNEL.
4 Juncata, which is written also juncta, juncheta, and jumentata, is explained to be
" lac concretum, et juncis involutum, mattes or crudde." ORT. voc. In French, jonchee,
which is " a greene cheese or fresh cheese made of milke that's curdled without any
runnet, and served in a fraile of green rushes." COTGR. Bred, in the Eastern counties,
signifies at the present time the board used to press curd for cheese, somewhat less in
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
49
BREDE of mesure.1 Latitude.
BREDYN' or hetchyn', as byrdys
(foules or birdes, p.) Pullifico.
BREDYN', or make more brode.
Dilato.
BREDE vermyne. Vermesco.
BREDYNGE, or brodynge (or forthe
bringinge, p.) of birdys. Ebro-
caciOj focio, CATH. fomentacio.
BREDYNGE, or makynge brode.
Dilatacio.
BREYDE lacys. Necto, torqueo,
UG. laqueo, fibulo.
BREDYNGE of lacys, or o]>er lyke.
Laqueacio, nectio, connectio.
BREYDYN', or vpbreydyn'. Impro-
pero.
(BRAYDE, sawte, or brunt, p.2
Impetus.)
BREKE, or brekynge. Ruptura,
fractura.
BREKYN' or breston' (brasten, p.)
Frango.
BRAKYN' a-sunder cordys and ropis
and oper lyke.
(BREKEN claddis, p.3 Occo, UG )
BREKYNGE. Fraccio.
BREME, fysche. Bremulus.
BREN, or bryn, or paley.4 Can-
tabrum, furfur, CATH.
BRENNAR, or he bat settythe a
thynge a-fyre. Combustor.
BRENNYN, or settyn' on fyre, or
make bren'. Incendo, cremo,
comburo.
BREN', by the selfe (brenne, P.)
Ardeo.
BRENNYNGE. Ustio, combustio,
incendiwn.
BRENT. Combustus, incensus.
BRERE, or brymmeylle (bremmyll,
or brymbyll, p.) Tribulus,
vepris.
BRESE.S Locusta, asilus, UG.
BREST, or wantynge, of nede (at
nede, p.)6 Indigencia.
BREESTE of a beste. Pectus.
BREESTE-BONE. Torax, UG. in
torqueo.
(BRASTEN, supra in BREKEN, P.)
circumference than the vat ; the bred-chese may have been one freshly taken from the
press, or perhaps so called as being served on such a " bred," or broad platter.
" Brede or squarenesse, croisure." PALSG. A.S. brsed, latitude.
2 " Brayde, or hastynesse of mynde, colle. At a brayde, faisant mon effort. At the
first brayde, de prime face. To brayde or take a thyng sodaynly in haste, je me mets
a prendre hastiuement. I breyde, I make a brayde to do a thing sodaynly, je m'efforce.
I breyde out of my slepe, je tressaulx." PALSG. See brade, in Jamieson.
3 " Occo, scindere, glebas, rangere, Anglice to clotte." ORT. voc. Compare BRESTYN
clottys.
4 See PALY of bryne. " Paille, chaffe, the huske wherein corn lieth." COTGR. From
the Latin palea.
5 "A brese, atelabits, brucits, vel locusta." CATH. ANGL. " Atelabus, a waspe or a
brese." ORT. voc. " Brese or long flye, poster." PALSG. A.S. briosa, tabanus.
6 Hampole uses this word in the Pricke of Conscience.
" Lorde, when sawe we the hafe hunger or thriste,
Or of herbar haue grete briste." Harl. MS. 6723, f. 84.
It is perhaps taken from the Danish, " brost, default, have brost, to want or lack a
thing." WOLFF.
CAMD. SOC. H
50
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BRESTYN', or cleue by }>e selfe
(brasten, p.) Crepo.
BRESTE clottys, as plowmen (clod-
des, P.) Occo.
BRESTE downe (brast, p.) Sterno,
dejiciOj obruo.
BREKE couenant. Fidifrago.
BREKE lawys. Legirumpo.
BRESTYN owte. Erumpo, eructo.
BRESTYNGE, supra in BREKYNGE.
BRESTYNGE downe. Prostracio,
consternacio.
BETRAX of a walle (bretasce, K.
bretays, H. p.)1 Propugnacu-
lum, Dice.
BRETHE. Anelitus, alitus, spi-
ramen.
BRETHYN', or ondyn.' Spiro, anelo,
aspiro.
BREUETOWRE. Brevigerulus,
CATH.
BREYEL. Brollus^ brolla, miser-
culus.
BRYBERY, or brybe. Manticulum,
o. F.
BRYBYN'. Manticulo, latrocinor.
BRYBOWRE.S Manticulus, man-
ticula, CATH.
BRYD. Avis, volucris.
BRYDALE. Nupcice.
BRYDALE howse. Nuptorium,
CATH.
BRYDBOLT, or burdebolt. Epi-
tilium.
BRYDE, infra in SPOWSE (man or
woman, infra in spowse, P.
mayde or woman, w. Spon-
suSj sponsa.}
BRYDYLLE (bridell, P.) Frenum,
erica, CATH.
BRYDELYN'. Freno.
BRYDELYN', or refreynyn'. Re-
freno.
BRYDELYME. Viscus.
BRYGE, or debate (bryggyng, K.)3
Briga, discensio.
1 "A bretasynge, propugnaculum." CAIH. ANGL. The Catholicon says, " dicuntur
propugnacula pinne murorum sive summe paries, quia ex his propugnatur" In the
Treatise " de Utensilibus," written by Alex. Neccham, about the year 1225, in the
chapter relating to a castle, the French gloss renders propugnacula, brestaches, and
pinne, Jcarneus. Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. f. 196. " Bretesse, bretecke, bretesque,
forteresse, tour de bois mobile, parapet, creneaux, palissade." ROQUEF. This word was
applied rather indefinitely to denote various appliances of ancient fortification. See
bretachice, in Ducange. It more properly signified the battlements ; thus it is said of
the valiant Normans,
" As berteiches monterent, et au mur guernele.'' Roman de Rou.
In Lydgate's Troy we read that,
" Every tower bretexed was so clene."
In a contract made at Durham in 1401, is the clause, " JSt supra istas fenestras faciet
in utroque muro ailours, et bretissementa batellata.""1
" Who saveth a thefe when the rope is knet,
With some false turne the bribour will him quite." LYDGATE.
In Piers Ploughman bribers are classed with " pilors and pikeharneis." In Rot. Parl.
22 Edw. IV. n. 30, are mentioned persons who " have stolen and bribed signetts," that
is, young swans. "A bribur, cinwmforaneus, luslro, sicefanta." CATH. ANGL. "To
bribe, pull, pyll, briber, Romant, derobber. He bribeth, and he polleth, and he gothe to
worke." PALSG.
3 This word occurs in Chaucer, T. of Melib. " min adversaries han begonne this
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM.
51
BRYGGE. Pons.
BRYGYRDYLL.1 Lumbare, renale.
BRYGOWS, or debate-makar. Bri-
gosus.
BRYLLARE of drynke, or schen-
kare (drinkshankere, P.) Pro-
pinator, propinatrix.
BRYLLYN', or schenk drynke.2
Propino.
BRYLLYNGE of drynke (of ale, K.)
Propinacio.
BRYM, or fers.3 Ferus, ferox.
BRYMBYLL, supra in BRERE.
BRYNGARE. Allator, lator.
BRYNGE to. A/ero, perduco.
BRYNGE forthe chyldyr, or chyl-
drun. Parturio, pario, edo.
(BRYNGYN forthe, orshewyn forthe,
K. P. Profero.)
BRYNGE forthe frute. Fructifico.
BRYNGE forthe kynlynge. Feto.
BRYNGE yn to a place. Infero,
induce.
BRYNGYN, or ledyn. Induco, in-
troduco.
BRYNGE to mynde. Reminiscor,
commemoro.
BRYNGE owte of place. Educo,
BRYNGYNGE. Allatura.
BRYNE, or brow of }>e eye. Su-
percilium.
(BRYNNE of corn, K. Cantdbrum,
furfur.)
BRYNE of salt. Salsugo, OATH. C.F.
debat and brige by his outrage." Roquefort gives " JBriga, querelle, demele, combat.
Brigueux, queretleur : " and Cotrave, " Brigue, contention, altercation." Skinner
would however trace the word to A.S. brice, ruptura. Horman says, " beware of
such brygous matters (abstineas omni calumnid), for thou oughtest nat to hold courrishly
ageynst thy maister." See Briga, in Kennett's Glossary.
1 " Lumbare, Anglice a breke-gyrdle, cingulum circa lumbos, et dicitur a lumbis,
quia eo cinguntur et religantur, vel quia lumbis inhereat. Item dicitur et coxale, et
bracharium, et renale, sed proprie renale quod renibus assignatur, sicut ventrale circa
ventrem cingulum." ORT. voc. from the Catholicon. " Braccale, braccarium, a breke-
girdul. Marcipium, a brigirdele." MED. " Perisoma, braygurdylle." Harl. MS.
1002, f. 116. The terms brekegirdle and bygirdle are occasionally confounded together,
and it may be questioned which of the two was here intended : the latter is the Anglo-
Saxon bigyrdel, zona, saccus, fiscus, which properly signifies a purse attached to the
girdle. In this sense it occurs in P. Ploughman, " the bagges and the bigirdles."
Vision, lin. 5072. "A bygyrdylle, marsupium, renale." CATH. ANGL. "Renale, a
bygyrdyll, est zona circa renes. Brachile, i. lumbare, dicitur etiam cingulum renum,
a bygyrdell. Cruma vel crumena est bursa, vel saccus pecunie, vel marsupium, a bygyr-
dell." ORT. voc. On the Northern coast of Norfolk, opposite Burnhain Westgate, is
an island of singular shape, resembling the letter S : it is about a mile in length,
following the direction of its tortuous form, and very narrow throughout. It still bears
the name of Bridgirdle, evidently from its supposed similarity to the ancient article of
dress called the BRYGYRDYLE. See No. LXIX. of the Ordnance Survey.
"To byrle, propinare, miscere." CATH. ANGL. Ang. S. byrlian, haurire, byrle,
pincertia. Jamieson gives the same sense of the verb to birle. See hereafter SCHENKYN
drynke. A.S. scencan, propinare.
3 This word occurs in 11. Brunne, and Chaucer. See also Gawayn and Golagros.
"He come lyke a breme bare." Sir Amadas. " Brimme, feirse, far." PALSG. A.S.
bremman, furere. In the dialects of Norfolk and Suffolk, brim is retained only in the
following sense: "a brymmyng as a bore of a sowe doth, en, rouyr.'" PALSG. "To
bryme, svbare." CATH. ANGL. Elyot renders " subo, to brymme as a boore doth, whan
he getteth pygges." See further in Ray, Jamieson, and Forby.
52
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Mar go.
supra in
BRYNKE of a wesselle.
BRYNKE of watyr,
BANKE.
BRYSYDE (brissed, p.) Quassatus,
contusus.
BROSYN or qwaschyn' (brysyn, K.
bryszyn, H. brissen, p.)1 Briso,
CATH. quasso, brisco, c. F.
allido.
(BRISYNG, or brissoure, K. bryss-
ynge or bryssure, H. Quas-
satio, contusio, collisio.*)
BRYSTYLLE, or brustylle (burs-
tyll, P.) Seta.
BRYGHTE. Clarus, splendidus,
rutilans.
BRYGHTENESSE. Splendor.
BRYGHTE SWERDE. Splendona.
BROCALE, or lewynge of mete
(brokaly of mete, p.)2 Frag-
mentum, COMM.
BROCHE of threde. Vericulum.
BROCHE, juelle (jowell, p.)3 Mo-
nile, armilla.
BROCHE for a thacstare.4 Fir-
maculum.
BROCHE, or spete (without-yn
mete, H. withoute, p.)5 Veru.
(BROCHE or spete, whan mete is
vpon it, P. Verutum.)
BROCHE for spyrlynge or herynge.6
Spiculum, COMM.
BROCHYN', or settyn a vesselle
broche (a-broche, K. p.) Atta-
mino, clipsidro, KYLW.
ERODE, or wyde. Latus, amplus.
1 *'To bryse, quatere, quarsare. Brysille, fragilis, Jtsilis, fracticius, fractillis."
CATH. ANGL. A.S. brysan, conterere. The word bryse is, however, probably taken
more directly from the French. Palsgrave gives " to brise or bray herbes or suche
like in a mortar, briser." In the curious treatise of the virtues of herbs, Roy. MS.
18 A. VI. f. 72 b. is mentioned " bryse-wort, or bon-wort, or daysye, consolida minor,
good to breke bocches."
2 Elyot renders " Analecta, fragmentes of meate whiche fall vnder the table. Ana-
lectes, he that gadereth vp brokelettes."
3 The broche was an ornament common to both sexes ; of the largesse of Queen
Guenever it is related, " Everych knyjt she jaf broche other ryng." LAUNFAL MILES.
" Fibula, a boton, or broche, prykke, or a pynne, or a lace. Monile, ornamentum est
quod solet ex feminarum pendere collo, quod alio nomine dicitur firmaculum, a broche."
ORT. voc. The jewel which it was usual about the commencement of the XVIth Cen-
tury to wear in the cap was called a broche. Palsgrave gives " Broche for ones cappe,
broche, ymage, ataiche, qfficquet. Make this brotche fast in your cappe. Broche with
a scripture, deuise." The beautiful designs of Holbein executed for Henry VIII. and
preserved in Sloan. MS. 5308, afford the best examples of ornaments of this description.
See also the Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary, edited by Sir F. Madden.
4 Broaches are explained by Forby to be " rods of sallow, or other tough and pliant
wood split, sharpened at each end, and bent in the middle ; used by thatchers to pierce
and fix their work. Fr. brocke."
5 " A soudear for lacke of a brotche or a spyt, rosteth his meate upon his wepon
made lyke a broche." HORM. Thomas, in his Principal Rules of Italian Grammar,
1548, renders "stocco, an armyng swoorde made like a broche." In the Earl of
Northumberland's Household Book, 1511, it appears that the broches were turned by
a " child of the keching." ANT. REP. TV. 233. Palsgrave alludes to the same primitive
usage, " when you hauo broched the meate (embroch£) lette the boye tourne, and come
you to churche/1 See also Leland's Coll. vi. 4.
"A sperlynge, ipimera, sperlingus," CATH. ANGL. "Spurlin, a smelt. Fr. esperlan "
SKINNER. The name is retained in Scotland ; see sparlyng and spirling in Jamieson.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
53
ERODE or large of space. Spa-
ciosus.
ERODE of byrdys. Pullificacio.
ERODE hedlese nayle. Clavus
acephalus.
BROOD arowe (brodarwe, K.)1
Catapulta, OATH.
BROOD axe, or exe. Dolabrum,
CATH.
BRODYN, as byrdys (andfowles,p.)
FoveOj fetifico, c. F. in alcyon.
BRODYNGE of byrdys. Focio,
CATH. (focacio, P.)
BROYDYN (broyded, p.) Laqueatus.
BROYLYD. Ustulatus.
BROYLYD mete, or rostyd only on
j>e colys. Frixum, frixitura.
BROLYYN', or broylyn'. Ustulo,
ustillo, torreot CATH.
(BROLYYD, supra in BROYLYD, K.)
(BROLYYNGE, or broylinge, K. Us-
tulacio.}
(BROK, best, K. brocke, p.2 Taxus,
castor, melota, pictorius.)
BROKE, watyr. Rivulus, torrens.
BROKE bakkyde. Gibbosus.
BROOKE mete, or drynke (broken,
p.)3 Retineo, vel digerendo re-
tinere.
BROKYNGE of mete and drynke.
Retencio (retencio cibi vel
potuSj digestio, P.)
BROKDOL, or frees (brokyl or fres,
H. brokill or feers, p.) Fragilis.
BROME, brusche. Genesta, mirica,
CATH. tamaricium, c. F.
BRONDE of fyre. Facula, fax,
ticio, torris, c. F.
BRONDYDE. Cauterizatus, c. F.
BRONNYN'wythe an yren'(brondyn,
p.) Cauterizo.
BRONDYNGE. Cauterizacio, c. F.
BRONDYNGE yren'. Cauterium, C.F.
BROSTYN, or broke. Fractus,
ruptus.
BROSTYN man, yn ]?e cod. Her-
niosus, c. F.
BROTHE. Brodium, liquamen,
c. F.
BROWDYD, or ynbrowdyd (brow-
dred, or browden, P.) Intextus,
acupictus, c. F. frigiatus, UG.
BROWDYN', or imbrowdyn' (in-
browdyr, P.) Intexo, c. F. frigio,
UG. in frigid.
BROWDYOURE (browderere, p.) In-
textor, c. F. frigiOj CATH. UG.
BROWE. Supercilium.
BROWESSE (browes, H. p.)4 Adi-
patum, c. F.
1 The Catholicon explains catapulta to be " sagitta, cum ferro lipenni, guam sagitlam
barbatam vacant." Palsgrave renders broad arrow, " raillon : " and Cotgrave gives
"fer de fliche a raillon, a shoot-head, a forked or barbed head."
2 See above BAWSTONE. " Fiber, id est castor, a brocke. Fibrina vestis que tramam
de fibri lana habet, a clothe of brocke woll." OUT. voc. " Brocke a best, taxe." PALSG.
The Wickliffite version renders Hebr. xi. 37, " Thei wenten about in brok skynnes, and
in skynnes of geet." A.S. broc, grumus.
3 " To brooke meate, digerer, aualer. I can nat brooke this pylles. He hath eaten
raw quayles, I fear me he shall neuer be able to brooke them." PALSG. A.S. brucan,
/rut'. Margaret Paston, writing about the sickness of her cousin Bernay, 14 Edw. IV.
1476, 7, says, "I remember yat water of mynte, or water of millefole, were good for
my cosyn Bernay to drynke, for to make hym to browke.'* Paston Corresp. V. 156.
4 Skinner explains brewse to be " panis jiire intinctus" which is the precise meaning
54
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
BROWETT.! Brodiellum.
BROWNE. Fuscus, subniger, ni-
gellus, c. F. UG. in A.
BROWNE ale, or other drynke
(brwyn, K. p. bruwyn, H.2
browyn, w.) Pandoxor.
BROWSTAR, or brewere. Pan-
doxatur, pandoxatrix.
BROTHYR. Frater.
BRODYR yn lawe. Sororius, c. F.
BRODYR by the modyr syde onely
(alonly by moder, p.) Ger-
manus.
BROWNWORTE herbe (brother
wort, P.) Pulio, peruleium
(puleium, p.)
BRUNSTONE, or brymstone. Sul-
phur.
BRUNSWYNE, or delfyne.3 Foca,
delphinus, suillus, CATH.
BRUNT.4 Insultus, impetus.
BRUNTUN, or make a soden stert-
ynge (burtyn, p.) Insilio, CATH.
BRUSCHE. Bruscus, c. F.
BRUSCHALLE (brushaly, K.) Sar-
mentum, CATH. ramentum, UG.
in rado, ramalia, arbustum.
(BRUSTYL of a swyne, K. P. Seta.)
BUDDE of a tre. Gemma, c. F.
botrio, from, UG. inforos.
BUDDE FLYE.
BUDDUN' as trees. Gemmo, c. F.
pampino, pululo, frondeo.
BUFFETT. Alapa.
(BUFFETYN, K. H. P. Alapo,
alapizo, CATH.)
of brewis in the North of England. BROCKETT. Huloet, in the reign of Edward VI.
speaks of " browesse, made with bread and fat meat."
" A proverbe sayde in ful old langage,
That tendre browyce made with a mary-boon,
For fieble stomakes is holsum in potage."
Lydgate, Order of Fooles, Harl. MS. 2251, f. 303.
The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives " browys, adepatum,
brewett, ffarrus," distinguishing these two words, as the Promptorium does. Brewes is
derived from the plural of A.S. briw, jusculum ; but brewett is a word adopted from the
French, Irouet, potage or broth. Palsgrave, however, gives " brewesse, potage of fysshe
or flesshe, brouet."
1 In the Forme of Cury, and other books of ancient cookery, will be found a variety
of recipes for making brewets, such as brewet of Almony, or Germany, of ayrenne, or
eggs, eels, and other fish in bruet. In a MS. of the XVth century, in the possession of
Sir Thomas Phillipps, No. 8336, occur " Bruet seec, bruet salmene, and bruet sara-
zineys blanc." The word seems to have been applied generally to any description of
potage ; but Roquefort defines the original meaning of brouet as " chaudeau, et ce que
les nouveaux marits donnoient a leurs compagnons pour boire, le jour de leurs noces."
2 Gautier de Bibelesworth, in hisTretyz de Langage, written in the reign of Edward I.
gives a detailed and curious account of malting and brewing, " de breser, et de bracer."
Arund. MS. 220. In Harrison's Description of Britaine, Book ii. ch. 6, prefixed to
Holinshed's Chronicles, will be found a minute description of the process of brewing, as
practised in the Eastern counties in the XVIth century.
3 In Anglo-Saxon mere-swyn signifies a dolphin ; the epithet brun, fuscus, is pro-
bably in reference to the colour of the fish. It is the porpesse, perhaps, which is in
many places called sea-swine, in Italian porcopesse, that is here intended.
4 "Brunt, hastynesse, chavlde-colle. Brunt of a daunger, escousse, effort." PALSO.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
55
BUFFET YNGE. Alapacio.
BUFFETT stole.1 Scabellum, tripos,
trisilis, c. F.
BUGGE, or buglarde.2 Maurus,
Ducius.
BUGLE, or beste (bugyll, p.)3
Bubalus.
BUK, best. Dama.
BUK, roo. Caprius (caprinus, p.)
BULLE (of the Pope, K.) Bulla.
BULLOK. Boculus, biculus.
BULTE flowre. Attamino, CATH.
taratantarizo, UG. in tardo.
BULTURE (bultar, p.) Taratan-
tarizator, politrudinator.
BuTYD.4 Taratantarizatus.
BULTYNGE. Taratantarizacio.
BULTE POOKE, or bulstare. Ta-
ratantarare, c. F. taratantarum,
UG. in tardo, politrudum.
BOMBON' as been' (bnmmyn or
bumbyn, K. H. p.)5 Bombizo,
CATH. bombilo, bombio.
BuNCHdN'.6 Tundo, trudo.
BUNCHYNGE. TuHClO.
BUNDELLE. Fasciculus.
BUNNE, brede. • Placenta.
BUNKYYDE (bunne kyx. Cala-
mus, K.)7
BUNGE of a wesselle, as a tonne,
1 See above, BOFET, thre fotyd stole.
a « Rnrrrro spectrum, larva, lemures." BARET.
This word has been derived from
the Welsh bwg, larva. Higins, in his version of Junius' Nomenclator, 1585, renders
" lemures nocturni, hobgoblins or night-walking spirits, blacke bugs. Ten-iculamentum,
a scarebug, a bulbegger, a sight that frayeth and frighteth." See Nares, and Boggarde
and Bogith in Jamieson. St. Augustin and other writers mention " quosdam dcemones
quos Dusios Galli nuncupant," namely incubi. See Ducange. To this word Ducius, by
which the bugge is here rendered, the origin of the vulgar term, the deuce, is evidently
to be traced.
3 " Bugle beest, bevgle." PALSG. "Bugle, buffle, loeuf sauvage." ROQUEF. " Buffle,
buifes or bugles, wild beasts like oxen, uri. Buffe leather, aluta bubalina." BARET.
" Preciouse cuppis be made of bugull hornys, urorum cornibus, noti bubalorum.'"' HORM.
The bugle was introduced into England in 1252, as a present to Richard, Earl of
Cornwall, brother of Henry III. " Missi sunt Comiti Richardo de partibus transmarinis
Bubali, pars vero sexus masadini, pars feminini, ut in his partibus occidentalibus, ipsa
animalia non prius hie visa multiplicarentur. Est autem Bubalus genus jumenti bovi
consimile, ad onera portanda vel trahenda aptissimum, cocodrillo inimicissimum, undis
amicum, magnis cornibiis communitum." Matt. Paris.
4 " Bulted, sasse, boultyng clothe or bulter, bluteau. To boulte meale, bulter."
PALSG. He gives the word also in a metaphorical sense, "to boulte out a mater, trye
out the trouthe in a doubtfull thynge, saicher." See bulter-cloth, in Kennett's Glos-
sary.
" To bomme as a fly dothe, or husse, bruire. This waspe bommeth about myne
eare, I am afrayed leste she stynge me." PALSG.
6 " To bounche or pushhe one ; he buncheth me and beateth me, il me pousse. Thou
bunchest me so that I can nat syt in rest by the." PALSG. " He came home with a face
all to bounced, contusa." HORM.
7 The Harl. MS. appears here to be faulty, and the correct reading probably is,
BUNNE, kyx. See hereafter KYX, or bunnes or drye weed. A.S. bune, fistula. In
Joh. Arderne's Chirurgica, Sloane MS. 56, p. 3, in a list of French and English names
of plants, occurs " chauynot, i. bunes ; " the reading should probably be chenevette,
which signifies the stalk of hemp. Forby and Moore give bunds or bund- weed, as the
name by which in the Eastern counties weeds infesting grass-land are known. Jamieson
explains bune to be the inner part of the stalk of flax, or the core.
56
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
barelle, botelle, or othere lyke .
(kyx of vessell, P.) Lura,
CATH. C. F.
BUNTYNGE, byrde. Pratellus.
BURBLON, as ale or ober lykore
(burbelyn, p.) Bullo.
BURBULLE, or burble (burbyll, p.)1
Bulla, c. P.
BURDON' of a boke. Burdo.
BURRE. Lappa, glis.
BURGEYS. Burgensis.
BURGYN, or burryn as trees.2
Gennino, f rondo, CATH. gemmo,
frondeo, supra.
BURGYNYNGE (burgynge, K. P.)
Germen, pullulacio.
BURLE of clothe (a clothe, p.)
Tumentum, CATH. c. F.
BuRMAYDEN7.3 Pedissequa, ancilla.
BURNET colowre. Burnetum, bur-
netus, Dice. KYLW.
BURTARE, beste (burter, p.) Cor-
nupeta.
BURTON', as horny d bestys. Cor-
nupeto, arieto.
BURTYNGE. Cornupetus, c. F.
BURWHE, sercle (burrowe, p.)4
Orbiculus, c. F.
BORWHE, towne (burwth, K. burwe,
H. burrowe, p.) Burgus.
BUSCEL (buschelle, K.) Modius,
(chorus, buscellus, p.)
BUSKE, or busshe.5 Rubus, du-
mus.
BUSCHOPE (busshop, p.) supra in
BISSHOPPE.
BUSCHEMENT, or verement. Cun-
eus, c. F.
BUT, or bertel, or bysselle (ber-
sell, p.)6 Meta.
BUT, fysche.7 Pecten.
BUTTOK. Nates, CATH. piga.
BUTTON', or caste forthe (butt, p.)
Pello.
BUTTYR, or botyr (butture, K.)
Buturum.
1 " Bulliculus, id est parvus bullio, a burble, tumor ague. Bullio, a wellynge." CRT.
voc. " Burble in the water, biibette. To boyle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a
spring, bouillonner." PALSG.
3 " Gramino, to burion, or kyrnell, or sprynge." CRT. voc. " Burryon or budde of
a tree, burion. To burgen, put forthe as a tree dothe his blossomes, bourgonner."
PALSG.
3 This word is compounded of A.S. bur, conclave, casa, and mseden, puella, a bower-
maiden, a chamber-maid : in like manner, as bur-J>egn signifies a chamberlain.
4 Burr signifies in Norfolk, according to Forby, a mistiness around the moon ; and in
North Britain a halo is termed brugh, brogh, or brough ; Jamieson suggests from its
encircling the moon like the circular fortifications which are also called brugh. Ang. S.
beorg, munimentum. The expression, " a burre about the moone" occurs in " Whim-
zies, or a new cast of Characters," p. 173. The same derivation may possibly apply to
the terms, burr of a lance, which is a projecting circular ring that protected the hand ;
as also the burr of a stag's horn, or projecting rim by which it is surrounded close to the
head.
5 " A buske, arbustum, dumus, frutex, rubus.'1 CATH. ANGL. Buske or boske, as bush
was anciently written, occurs in R. Brunne and Chaucer. Spenser uses the word buskets,
and boskie is to be found in Shakespeare, Tempest, Act IV. In old French, bosc and
bosche. ROQUEF.
6 Buttes are explained by Bp. Kennet to be the ends or short pieces of land in
arable ridges or farrows. " Limes, buttynge or bound in fields." ELYOT. Celtic, but,
limes.
7 Yarrell, in his History of British Fishes, observes that the flounder is called at
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
57
Buxun'.1 Olediens.
BUXUM, or lowly or make (lowe
or meke, K. p.) Humilis, pius,
mansiietus, benignus.
BUXUMNESSE, mekenesse and good-
lynesse. Humilitas, mansue-
tudo, benignitas.
BUXUMNESSE. Obediencia, obe-
ditio, OATH.
CABAN', lytylle howse. Pretori-
olum, CATH. c. F. capana.
CABLE, or cabulle, grete shyppe
(cabyl or schyp roop, H. p.) Cur-
cula, CATH. currilia, UG. in
curvo, curculia, restis, rudens.
CABOCHE. Currulia, UG. in
curvo.
CASE of closynge. Capsa.
CASE or happe (or chaunce, P.)
Casus, eventus.
CAD As.2 Bombicinium.
CADAW, or keo, or chowghe (ca-
dowe or koo, K. p. ko, H.)3 Mo-
nedula.
CADE of herynge (or spirlinge,
K. P.) or obyr lyke.4 Cada,
lacista, KYLW. ligatura.
CAGE. Catasta.
CAHCHARE, or dryvare (catcher,
p.) Minatory abactor.
CACHYN' a-way (catchinge away,
p.) Abigo.
Yarmouth a butt, which is a Northern term ; the name is likewise given by Pennant,
but does not occur in the Glossaries of Northern dialect.
1 " Ne yan sal na man be boxsome,
Ne obedyent to ye kirke of Rome."
Hampole, Prick of Conscience, Harl. MS. 6923, f. 53, b.
" And be lofande to hym and bouxsome," namely, to God, ib. f. 101, b. " Boxome,
obedient, obeissant." PALSG. A.S. bocsum, obediens.
2 Gadas appears to have signified flocks of silk, cotton, tow, or wool, used for stuffing
gamboised garments. In the curious poem by Hue de Tabarie, at Middle Hill, entitled
" Coment lefiz Deufu arms en la croyz," is this passage,
" Pur aketoun ly bayle blaunche char e pure,
Pur cadaz e cotoun de saunJc fu le encusture." MS. Heber, No. 8336.
In the petition against excess of apparel, 1463, it is thus mentioned: "No yoman, &e.
to were in the aray for his body eny bolsters, nor stuffe of woole, coton, or cadas, nor
other stuffer in his doubtlet, save lynyng accordyng to the same." ROT. PARL. " Cadas
or crule, saijette.'1'' PALSG. " Cadarce pour faire caption, the tow, or coursest part of
silke, whereof sleaue is made." COTGR. Nares explains caddis to be a sort of worsted
lace.
3 Caddow is still the name given to the jackdaw in Norfolk, as Coles and Forby have
recorded. Palsgrave gives' " Caddawe a byrde, ckucas," and Withal renders " Caddow
or dawe, nodulus." " Monedula, a choughe or cadess." ELYOT. Keo is from A.S. ceo,
comix. See hereafter coo BYRDE, or schowhe.
4 The quantity of fish contained in a cade is determined by the Accounts of the
Cellarist of Berking Abbey, MON. ANG. I. 83 : "a barrel of berrying shold contene 1000,
and a cade of herryng six hundred, six score to the hundreth." Palsgrave renders cade
escade ; but the word does not occur in the Dictionaries. In 1511 it appears, by the
Northumberland Household Book, that the cade of red herring was rated at 6s. 4rL, the
cade of u sproytts, 2s." The spirling mentioned here was the smelt, called in Frenoh
esperlan. See hereafter SPIRLYNGE, epimera.
CAMD. SOC. I
58
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CHASYN', or drvye furbe (catchyn
or dryue forth bestis, P.)
Mino.
CAHCHPOLLE, or pety-seriawnte.
Angarius, exceptor, UG. c. F.
CAHCHYNGE, or hentynge (catch-
inge or takyng, K. p.) Appre-
hencio, decapcio, captura.
CAHCHYNGE, or drywynge a-wey
or forthe. Minatus, dbactio,
CATH. in dbigo.
CAYTYFFE. Calamitosus, dolo-
rosus, UG. BRIT.
CAKE. Torta, placenta, colirida,
c. F. libum.
CAKELYN' of hennys. Gracillo.
CAKELYNGE, or callynge of hennys.
Gracillacio,
CAKKYN', or fyystyn'. Caco, CATH.
CALAMYNT, herbe. Calamenta,
balsamita (balsiata, p.)
CALENDIS (calende, j.) Calende.
CALENDERE. Kalendarium, KYLW.
CALFE, beste. Vitulus.
CALFE of a legge. Sura, OATH.
c. F. UG. in suo.
CALKE or chalke, erye. Calx, creta.
CALKYN'.I Calculo.
CALLYN' or clepyn'. Voco.
CALLYN' yn', or owte, be name,
a~3ene, to-gedyr, to mete, quere
infra in CLEPYJ?'.
CALLYNGE or clepynge. Vocacio.
CALLYNGE or clepynge a-jene.
Revocacio.
CALLYNGE or clepynge yn to a
place. Invocacio.
CALLYNGE or clepynge to-gedyr.
Convocacio.
CALLYNGE or clepynge to mete.
Invitacio.
(CALYON, rounde stone, p.2 Eu-
dus. Hie rudus esto lapis,
durus, pariterque rotundus.)
CALME orsofte,wythe-owte wynde.
Calmus, c. F. tranquillus.
CALME-WEDYR . Malaria, cal-
macia, c. F.
CALKESTOKE (calstoke, p.)3 Ma-
guderis.
CALTRAP, herbe.4 Saliunca, c. F.
1 " He calketb (vestigaf) vpon my natyuyte." HORM. Palsgrave gives the verb " to
calkyll as an astronomer doth when he casteth a fygure, calculer. I dare nat calkyll for
your horse that is stollen, for feare of my bysshoppe." See also Paston Letters, i. 114.
2 In the accounts of the Churchwardens of Walden, Essex, 1466, 7, among the costs
of making the porch, is a charge " for the foundacyon, and calyon, and sonde." Hist, of
Audley End, p. 225. Among the disbursements for the erection of Little Saxham hall
in 1505, is one to the chief mason, for the foundation within the inner part of the moat,
" to be wrought with calyons and breke, with foreyns and other necessaries concerning
the same." Rokewode's Hundred of Thingoe, 141. " Calyon, stone, caliou." PALSG.
In the dialect of Northern England a hard stone is termed a callierd.
8 "A cale stok, maguderis.'" CATH. ANGL. " Maguderis est secundus caulis gui
nascitur in tyrso absciso, vel ipse tyrsus abscisus, a koolestocke." ORT. voc. " A calstok."
MED. In Harl. MS. 1587, occur " maguderis, wortestokk, cauletum., cawlegarthe."
" Calstocke, kalstocke, pie de chou.''1 PALSG. In Scotland " castock or kail-castock, the
stem of the colewort," according to Jamieson.
4 In the Dictionary of Synonyms of names of plants, in Latin, French, and English,
Sloan. MS. 5, compiled about the middle of the XVth century, occurs "Saliunca,
spica Celtica, Gall, spike seltic, Any. calketrappe." A.Sax. coltrseppe, rhamnus. " Cal-
trops, tribulus, sen carduus stellatus.'*'' SKINNER. In French chausse-trappe, according to
Cotgrave, signifies both the thistle, and the caltrop used in war.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOHUM. 59
CALTRAP of yryn, fote hurtynge.1
Hamus, OATH. c. F. UG.
CALTRAPPYN'. Hamo.
CALVUR as samoon, or oj>yr fysshe.2
CAMAMYLE, herbe. Camamilla.
CAMELLE, or chamelle. Camelus.
CAMMYD, or schort nosyd.3 Simus,
c. F.
CHAMMYDNESSE (cammednesse,
p.) Simitas.
1 " A calle trappe, hamus, pedica." CATH. ANGL. " Caltrapa, a caltrappe." ORT. voc.
The Catholicon gives the following explanation of hamus : " Dicitur et hamus asser cum
clavis quo s^tbtegitur terra in vineis sub arboribus defendendis, vel in domo circa scrinia et
thesauros, ut si aliyuando fur ingrediatur, ejus pedibus infigatur.'1'' In the contemporary
poem describing the Siege of Rouen by Henry V. the city is said to have been defended
by a deep and wide dike, full of pitfalls, " of a spere of heyth."
" Also fulle of caltrappys hyt was sette
As meschys beth made wythinne a nette." Archseol. xxi. p. 51.
" They hydde pretely vnder the grounde caltroppys of yron to steke in horse or mennys
fete, murices ferreos leviter condiderunt.'1'' HORM. Chaussetrappe is explained by
Cotgrave to be an " iron engine of warre made with four sharp points, whereof one,
howsoever it is cast, ever stands upward." Among the " municyons and habyllyments
of warre" belonging to Berwick Castle, 1539, occur "15 pece of lettes calteroopes."
Archseol. xi. 439. Caltraps are mentioned by Quintus Curtius in the Life of Alexander
as having been spread over the ground by the Persians to annoy the Macedonian cavalry.
This circumstance is thus described, Kyng Alisaunder, line 6070 :
" And calketrappen maden ynowe,
In weyes undur wode and bowe,
Alisaundris men to aqwelle,
And synfulliche heom to spille."
Vegetius calls them tribuli. A representation of a caltrap, from the Tower collection,
will be found in Skelton's Illustrations of the Armoury at Goodrich Court, ii. pi. 132.
'2 The recipe in the Forme of Cury, p. 48, directs for *' vyande Cypre of samone,
take almandus and bray hem unblaunched, take calwar samone, and seeth it in lewe
water," &c. See also p. 75 : " sal war salmone ysode." Palsgrave renders " caluer of
samon, escume de saulmoti." This term appears to denote the state of the fish freshly
taken, when its substance appears interspersed with white flakes like curd ; thus in
Lancashire the fish dressed as soon as it is caught is termed calver salmon, and in North
Britain caller or callour signifies fresh, according to Jamieson. " Quhen the salmondis
faillis thair loup, thay fall callour in the said caldrounis, and ar than maist delitious to
the mouth." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 11. Calvered salmon is mentioned by Ben Jonson
and Massinger as a delicacy ; and Isaac Walton applies the term to the grayling.
R. Holme, however, would make it appear that calver was a term applied to fish dressed
in oil, vinegar, and spices. See also Nares. The word " caleweis," which occurs in
Chaucer, Rom. of Rose, and has been by the earlier glossarists interpreted as calvured
salmon, is in the original "poire de caillouel," a sort of sweet pear, called by Roquefort
caillos, or cailloel.
3 This word seems to be taken from the French, " camus, qui a le nez court."
LACOMBE. Cotgrave renders camus, flat-nosed.
" Round was his face, and camuse was his nose." CHAUC. Reve's Tale.
Hence also the sea-gull appears to have received a name, which is given by Elyot,
" Candosoccus, a sea-gull, or a camose." See Camy, and Camow-nosed, in Jamieson '»
Dictionary.
60
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CAMPAR, or pleyar at foottballe.1
Pendilusor, pedipilusor.
CAMPYN'. Pedipilo.
CAMPYNGE. Pedipiludium.
CAMPYON, or champyon. Athleta,
pugil, campio, CATH.
CANCELLYNGE, or strekynge owte
a false word. Obelus, c. F.
CANCET, soore or kankere (cankyr,
K.) Pustula, UG. in puteo,
cancer, c. F.
CANDYLLE (candell, P.) Candela.
CANDELERE.* Candelarius, can-
delabra.
CANDYLRYSCHE (candelrushe, K.)
Papirus, CATH.
CANDELBEM' (candell beme, P.)
Lucernarium.
CANDELSTYKKE. Candelabrum,
lucernarium, c. F.
(CANEL of a belle, K. Canellus.)
CANEL, spyce. Cinamomum, amo-
mum.
CANEL, or chanelle (in the weye,
H. in the strete, P.) Canalis,
(aquagium, p.)
CANVAS, clothe. Carentinilla,
NECC. DICC. canabeus, canalbus,
canabus, KYLW. candbasium,
CANKER, sekenesse. Cancer.
CANKYR, worme of a tre. Teredo,
UG. in tero, termus, termes, c. F.
CANNYN', or grucchyn' (canyyn or
grochyn, K. chanyyn, H. canyen,
p.) Murmur o, remurmuro (ca-
niso, P.)
CANONYZYDE. Canonizatus.
CANONIZACION. Canonizacio.
CANOPE.S Canopeum.
CANTEL,4 of what euer hyt be.
Quadra, UG. minutal.
CANTYN', or departyn'. Partior,
divido.
CAPPE.S Cappa, pilleum, CATH.
DICC. Campedulum, c. F. (capa,
K. caracalla, P.)
1 Forby and Moore have given ample illustrations of the nature of the game at ball
called to this day in Norfolk and Suffolk camping : the former agrees with Ray, in
deriving the word from the A. Sax. campian, prceliari. The camping-land appropriated
to this game occurs, in several instances, in authorities of the XVth century ; in Cullum's
Hawsted, mention is found, in 1466, of the camping-pightle.
3 This word seems to be taken from the French chandelier, a candlestick ; candelanus
signifies properly a maker of candles. See hereafter CHAWNDELEEE.
3 " Canopeum, reticulum subtile factum de canalo. Canopeum, a gnate nette, rete
quo culices vel musce excluduntur." DICT. WILBR. The Canope alluded to in the Promp-
torium was very probably the Vmbraculum under which the Sacred Host was carried in
the procession on Palm Sunday. " Canapy to be borne over the sacrament, or ouer a
Kynges heed, palle, del." PALSG. See the word canapeum jn Ducange.
4 " Minutal, a lompe of brede, or cantel.1' ORT. voc. " "Cantel of bredde, cantel or
•hyuer, chanteau." PALSG.
" Of Florentys scheld a kantell
He cleft thonryght." Octouian, line 1113.
The term occurs also in " the Anturs of Arther at the Tarnewathelan." Hall, in his
account of the marriage of the Princess Mary to Lewis XII. at Paris, in 1514, describes
the entry of the Dauphin, whose " apparell and bardes were cloth of golde, cloth of
syluer, and crymsyn veluet kanteled together." Hall's Chron. 6 Hen. VIII. Roquefort
gives " Chantel, un morceau de pain," from cantellus. See Ducange, and Mon. Angl.
j. 411. In Norfolk, to cant is to set a thing up on edge ; see Forby, Moore, and Nares.
4 The priestly vestment generally known as the cope is here intended. " Capa, a
PROMPTOKIUM PARVULOltUM.
61
CAPPE, or hure, for clerkys.1
Tena, CATH. c. F.
CAPPE of a fleyle.2 Meditentum.
COMM.
CAPYTLE, or chapytle, or captur
(capytyll or chapytyll, p.) Ca-
pitulwn.
CAPUL, or caple, horse.3 Cabullus,
c. F.
CAPVNE or capone. Capo, OATH.
gallinacius.
CAPTEYN. Capitaneus.
CARANYE, or careyn'.4 Cadaver.
CARE-AWEY, sorowles (carawey
cappe or a cope ; caracalla, a sclauyn or a cape." DICT. WILBR. " A cope." OUT.
Pilleum, according to the Catholicon, signifies a garment made of skins, but, in its more
usual sense, a covering for the head. In early times the cappa was an ordinary upper
garment worn by ecclesiastics indiscriminately, and Ecgbert, Abp. of York, ordained
in the Vlllth century that none of the clergy should appear in the church "sine colobio
vel cappd." Of the various modifications of this vestment, and the names by which
they were distinguished, a detailed account will be found in Ducange. At a later period
the cope was a vestment reserved for occasions of ceremony : when worn by prelates and
dignitaries, the richest tissues were chosen, and covered with a gorgeous display of
jewels, orfrays, and embroidery ; but its use was not confined to them, for, with the
exception of the priest officiating at the altar, who was vested in the sacred garments
appropriated to the service of the mass, the cope appears to have been worn by all the
assisting clergy, and even the choristers. In A. Sax. the name cappa, or cseppa, was
adopted from the Latin, probably as early as the mission of St. Augustine, A.D. 601 ;
and a cappa oloserica, one of the gifts of Gregory the Great, was preserved at Canterbury
until the Reformation. See hereafter COOPE, cupa.
1 The use of a small cap by the clergy as a covering of the tonsure is one of con-
siderable antiquity; it was usually termed the coif, coypha, and this term occurs hereafter
in the Promptorium. This was identical, as Job. de Athona asserts, with the fence or
infulce ; but these appear more properly to have been lappets appended to the coif, and
which occasionally were fastened under the chin. At various periods, when the clergy,
disregarding strict propriety in demeanour and dress, became assimilated in externals to
the laity, the coif was specially decried by the Church. Thus, in the Council of London
in 1267, the Legate Othobonus ordained that the clergy should never appear in public
with the coif, except in travelling, because thereby the corona, or circlet of hair left by
the tonsure, was concealed, and therein " prcecipue depositio terrenorum, et regalis
sacerdotii dignitas designautur." See Lynwode, Provinciale, p. 88. Hure, howe, or
howfe, are synonymous, and are derived from A. Sax. hufa, cidaris. See hereafter
HOWE or hure, heed hyllynge, and HWYB, cappe.
2 " Cappe of a flaylle, cappa." CATH. ANGL. " Cappe of a flayle, liasse d'un flaiau,"
PALSG.
3 This word, which, as Skinner observes, is evidently a corruption of caballus, is used
by Chaucer : the Cambridge Scholar exclaims, when the Miller lets his horse loose,
" Why ne hadst thou put the capell in the lathe." Reve's Tale.
" The knyjt kachej his caple and com to the lawe."
Gawayn and the Green Knyjt, line 2175.
" Capull, a horse, rottmVi." PALSG. Cotgrave explains roussin to be " a curtail, a
strong German horse." Elyot gives " Caballus, a horse ; yet in some partes of England
they do call an horse a cable."
4 This word is written by R. of Gloucester and P. Ploughman caroyne, by Chaucer
careyne. In the Wicliffite version likewise, Hebr. iii. 17, is rendered, " Whether not to
hem that synneden, whos careyns weren cast doun in desert ?" It is taken from the
French " caroigne, cadavre." ROQUEF.
62
PHOMPTORIUM PARYULORUM.
sorweles, H. caraway, p. care-
awaye, w.) Tristicia procul.
CARAWAY herbe. Carwy, sic
scribitur in campo florum.
GARDE, wommanys instrument.
Cardus, c. F. discerpiculum.
GARDE maker. Cardifactor.
CARDYN' wolle. Carpo.
CARDENALE (cardynall, p.) Car-
dinalis.
CARDYACLE (cardyakyll, p.) Car-
diaca, UG. in Cardyan.
CARE. Tristicia, mesticia, dolor.
CARE, of hert-besynesse (hertlybe-
synesse, P.) Solicitudo.
CARYN' yn' herte. Solicitor.
CARRE, carte. Carrus, c. F. currus.
CARRE, or lytylle cart J>at oone hors
drawythe. Monocosmus, CATH.
CARYARE. Vector, vectitor.
CARYAGE. Vectura, portagium,
cariagium.
CARYYNGE (cariynge, P.) idem est.
CARYN', or cary (caryen, p.)
Veho, transveho.
CARYYNGE vesselle, or instrument
of caryynge. Vectorium, CATH.
CARTEHOWSE (carfax, or carfans,
H. p.1) Quadrivium.
CARKEYS. Corpus, cadaver.
CARLE, or chorle.2 Rusticus.
CARLE, or chorle, bondeman or
woman. Servus nativus, serva
nativa.
CARLOK, herbe.3 Eruca.
CARAL, songe (caroll, p.)4 Pali-
nodium, UG. in paluri (psalmo-
dium, psalmodinacio. K.)
CAROOLYN', or synge carowlys
(carallyn, p.) Psalmodio (pal-
linodio, P.)
CAROL YNGE. Palinodiacio.
CARFARE. Fabulator, garula-
tor, garula.
CARPYN', or talkyn'.5 Fabulor,
confabulor, garrulo.
CARPE, fysche. Carpus.
CARPYNGE. Loquacitas, garu-
lacio, collocutio.
CART. Biga, reda, quadriga.
CARTARE. Bigarius, redarius,
auriga.
CARTYN', or lede wythe a carte.6
Carruco, CATH.
1 The Harl. MS. gives here CABTEHOWSE, which appears wholly erroneous. The
word does not occur in the MS. at King's College. Skinner derives the name of the
Carfax at Oxford from the French carrefour, or possibly from quatre faces : another
derivation has been proposed, from quatre votes. See an article on the Oxford Carfax,
in the Antiq. Repert. iii. 267.
" Harke ho we the fat carle puffeth, le gros vilain." PALSG. A. Sax. ceorl, carlman,
rusticus.
3 According to Gerarde, carlock, charlocke, or chadlocke, is a sort of wild rape or
turnip, rapistrum arvorum, now known as the sinapis arvensis. In Arderne's Practica,
however, aubfoyn, which is properly the corn-flower, is rendered karloke. (Sloan. MS. 56.)
A. Sax. cerlice, rapum sylvestre. " Eruca, a coleworm or a carlok." ORT. voc.
1 "A caralle, corea, chorus." CATH. ANGL. "Carole a song, carolle, chanson de
Noel." PALSG. A. Sax. kyrriole, a chanting at the Nativity.
5 Palsgrave gives the verb, " to carpe, Lydgate, this is a farre northen verbe, cac-
gueter.'1'' Gower uses it, Conf. Am. lib. vii.
" So gone thei forthe, carpende fast
On this, on that."
* The Promptorium does not give again the verb to lead, as it is here used, in the
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(33
(CASARD, netes donge, P. casen,
w.1 Bozetum.)
CAST, or castyd. Jactatus, pro-
jectus.
(CASTE DOWNE, K. p. Prostra-
tus, projectus.}
CASTYN', or brakyn' (as man owt
the stomack, K.)2 Vomot evomo.
CASTYN' A-VAY. Abjicio, projicio.
CASTYN', or throwyn'. Jacto, jacio.
CASTYN' DOWNE. Dejicio.
CASTE for to goon', or purpose for
to don' any othyr thynge (caste
for to go, or any other thinge
done, P.) Tendo intendo, CATH.
CASTE lootte. Sorcior.
CASTE warke (werkys, K.) or dys-
posyn'. Dispono, propono.
CASTYNGE, or a caste. Jactus,
jactura.
CASTYNGE downe, or a-wey. Pro-
jectio.
CATTE, beste. Cattus, mureligus,
pilax, CATH.
CATELLE (catal, K.) Catallum,
census, CATH.
CATYRPEL, wyrm' amonge frute.3
Erugo, UG.
CATON' or Catvn' (propre name,
p.)* Cato, CATH.
CAUCYON, or wedde.5 Cautio,
CATH.
signification of to carry. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, '• Richer the carter
shall lede dong (mettra) on my land, whan it shall be ered, and on my herber (courtil)
whan it shall be doluen."
" Casings, stercus siccum jumentorum, quod pauperes agri Lincolniensis ad usum
foci colligunt ; a Teut. Koth, fimus, q. d. cothings." SKINNER. In the North, ac-
cording to Brockett, casings, or cassons, are cow-dung dried for fuel. It is still the
usage in the neighbourhood of Lynn to employ cow-dung for this purpose. Richards'
Hist. i. 80.
2 The Wicliffite version renders, ii. Pet. 2, 22, " The hounde turnyde agen to his
castyng." In Sloan. MS. 100, f. 5, b. is given the following prescription : " For castinge,
For hem that may not browke her mete. Take centorie, and sethe it in watir, and lete
the sike drink it leuc warm iii daies, and he schal be hool, for this medicyn spourgith the
brest, and the stomak."
" Catyrpyllar, worme, chatte pelleuse." PALSG.
4 In the middle ages a metrical system of ethics, entitled " Disticha de moribus ad
fiHum," attributed to Dionysius Cato, or Magnus Cato, had attained the highest degree
of estimation. It was illustrated by the comments of the most learned men of several
centuries, and served as a manual for the instruction of youth. It is not certain who
was the author ; a translation from the Latin was made about 1480, by Benedict Burgh,
Archdeacon of Colchester, for the use of his pupil Lord Bourchier ; and in 1483
Caxton published his translation from a French version, entitled " The Booke called
Cathon." Chaucer frequently quotes Cato : see Miller's Tale, 3227, Marchaunt's Tale,
9261. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " George the booke sellar hath doc-
trinals, catons, cures of our Lady, Donettis, partis, accidents." See Warton's Hist, of
Eng. Poetry, ii. 166, Dibdin's Typogr. Antiq. i. 195.
5 Caucyon may here signify a pledge, as in Palsgrave, " causion, pledge, caution.1"
See hereafter WEDDE, or thynge leyyd yn plegge. The Catholicon, however, explains
cautio to be a simple promise, without oath, pledge, or surety, but idonea cautio implied
those additional securities. It is further interpreted to be a writing, as Papias says,
" Cautio est breve recordationis chirograpkum. Unde in Evang. Luc. : Accipe cautionem.
tuam." In the Wicliffite Version this passage is rendered " and he seide to him, take
thy caucioun and wryte fifty." Luke xvi. 6.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CAWDELLE.' Vttellium, caldea-
rium, caldellum, et hoc nomen
habetur in commentario Johan-
nis de Gara (puls, ofasium, P.)
CAWDRON, vesselle (cavdryn, H.)
Cacabus, caldaria, lebes, OATH.
CAWCEWEY (cavuce, K. H. cawcy
wey, p.)2 Calcetum.
CAWSE (skyll, K.) or enchesone
(cause or cawze, H.) Causa.
(CAVTELE, or sleyte, K. H. caw-
tele or sleight, p.3 Cautela.)
GEE. Mare, fretum, pontus.
CEK, or cekclothe, or poke. Saccus.
CEC, or seeke (ceke, or sekenes,
p.) Infirmus, eger, languidus.
CECHELLE. Saccellus.
CECYN'. Gesso.
CECYNGE (cecenynge, H. p.) Ces-
sacio.
CEEDE (ced, H.) Semen.
CEEDE of corne, as kyrnel.4 Gra-
num, semen.
CEDYN', as corne or herbe. Se-
mento, CATH.
CEDYR, drynke. Cisera.
CEED LEPE, or hopyr.5 Satorium
(satitolum, H. P.)
CEDYR, tree. Cedrus.
CEGE of (for, P.) syttynge. Se-
dile.
CEGE of enmyes a-bowte a castelle
or cyte. Obsidium.
CEGGE, or wylde gladone.6 Ac-
corns.
CEGGE, or stare.? Carix, c. F.
1 " Caldarium, a cawdell." ORT. voc. Palsgrave renders it chaudeau, which, according
to Roquefort, was " bouillon qu'on donnoit aux epoux le matin du lendemain des noces,
calens jusculum." In Caxton's Boke for Travellers occur as "Potages. Caudell for
the seke, chaudel. Growell and wortes." Skinner and Junius interpret it to be merely
a spicy drink ; but in the ancient terms of cookery cawdel signifies generally anything
stewed down to a pur&e ; see in the Forme of Cury, pp. 24, 27, " Chykens in cawdel,
cawdell ferry ;" and in Cott. MS. Julius, D. vin. f. 100, " Caudelle of samone, caudelle
of muskles." See further, calenum, in Charpentier.
2 Cawcewey is derived directly from the French chaussee, a word taken, as Menage
and other writers have observed, from the Latin calciata, so called, as some conjecture,
from its being continually trodden, via calcata, but probably rather from the mode of
forming such a road, with stones imbedded in mortar, via calceata, from calx, lime. See
Spelman, Ducange, and Kennet, under the word calcea. There was a causeway at Lynn
leading to Gay wood, on which was situated the Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, and
among the benefactors to the Hospital of St. John Baptist occurs Uf ketel filius sancti-
monialis de Sceringes, who grants " totam terram in Linne super calcetam." Mon. Ang.
vi. 648, new edit. Palsgrave gives " Causey in a hye way, chausee."1"1
3 Coigrave renders " cautelle, a wile, cautell, sleight, guilefull devise, subtilty."
Fabyan relates that, in 1448, the town of Pont-de-1'arche was taken by the " cautele"
of the Frenchmen, who introduced two men disguised as carpenters ; and Hall, speaking
of the same occurrence, calls it " a praty cautele and slighte imposture." In Elyot's
Librarie occurs " Offucice, cawtelles, crafty wayes to deceyue."
4 See hereafter KYRNKL of frute, granum.
5 In Norfolk the basket carried by the sower is still called a seed-lep. FORBY. A. Sax.
ssed-leap, seminatoris corbis. See hereafter HOPUR, and SEEDLEP.
6 See hereafter SEGGE of the fenne, or wyld gladone. A. Sax. secg, gladiolus. Nares ex-
plains segs to be the water flower-de luce. " Glayeul de riviere, sedge, water flags." COTGR.
7 The name sedge is now applied indiscriminately to the genus carex, which, probably
from the stiffness of its growth, was called also stare. In Su. G. it is denominated starr,
PROMPTORTTJM PARVULORUM.
(CEGE, or preuy, P. Latrina,
cathacumba.)
CEYLE of a schyppe, or mylle.
Velum, carbasus.
CEYL YERDE. Antenna, c. p.
CEYLYN vpon' watyr. Velifico.
CEYLYNGE. Velificacio.
(CEK, supra in CEC, p.)
CEEKENESSE. Infirmitas, ecjri-
tudo.
CEKYN', or wexe seke. Injirmor,
egroto.
CEKYN'. Quero, inquire.
CEKYN', or serchyn'. Scrutor.
CEEL (ceall, p.) Sigillum.
CEELE, i. solde (celde, H. P.) Ven-
ditus.
CEELDAM (celdoin, p.) Raro.
CEEL, fysche. Porous marinus.
CELE, or ceele, tyme.1 Tempus.
CEELLE, or stodyynge howse (cell
or stody hows, p.) Cella.
CELER. Cellarium, promptuarium.
CELERERE of J>e howse. Cellerar-*
ius, promus (promptuarius, p.)
CELYDONY, herbe. Celidonia.
CELYN' letters. Sigillo.
CEELYN' wythe syllure.2 Celo.
CELLYN'. Vendo.
CELLYNGE, Vendicio.
CELWYLLY, infra quere in SEL-
WYLLY. Effrenatus.
CEEM, of a clothe (or other lyke, p.)
Sutura.
CEME, or quarter of corne. Quar-
terium.
CEMELY, or comely yn syghte,
Decens.
CEMELY, or on seemely wyse
(comly wyse, p.) Decenter.
Isl. stb'r, " quum kerba sit perquam rigida." IHRE. See hereafter SEGGE, star of the
fenne, and STARE.
1 Ray, in his East Country Words, and Forby, have recorded the use of the word seal,
signifying time, or season, from A. Sax. ssel, opportunitas. BARLYSELE has occurred
already in the Promptorium. See hereafter SEEL, tyme.
2 The Catholicon explains celo to signify sculpere, pingere, and celamen or celatura,
sculptured or painted decoration. Lydgate, in the Troye Boke, uses the word celature
to describe vaulted work of an elaborate character. It appears doubtful whether the
verb to cele, and the word ceiling, which is still in familiar use, are derivable from ccelo,
or may not be traced more directly to coelum and the French del signifying not only
vaulting or ceiling, but also the canopy or baldaquin over an altar ; the hangings of
estate over a throne, which are sometimes termed dais, from the throne being placed in
the part of the apartment to which that name properly belonged ; and, lastly, the canopy
of a bed, " celler for a bedde, del de lit.'"' PALSO. Gervase of Dover uses the term in his
graphic description of the conflagration of Canterbury Cathedral in 1174, occasioned by
sparks having been carried by the wind, and lodged between the roof and the interior
vaulting of the church : " coelum inferius egregie depictum, superius vero tabulce plumbeas
ignem interius accensum celamrunt.^ Twysden, Hist. Angl. Script. 1289. Thomas
Stubbs, among the benefactions of Aldred, Archbishop of York 1061 — 1070, records
that " totain ecclesiam a presbyterio usque ad turrim ab antecessore suo constrnctam,
superius opere pictorio quod ccelum vacant, auro multiformiter intermixto mirabili arte
construxit." Ibid. 1704. The word had a still further signification, denoting not
merely the decoration of the vaulting or roof of a chamber, but also the wainscot-work
upon the walls. Thus Herman says, " These wallvs shal be celyd with cyprusse. The
rofe shal be celed vautwyse and with cheker work." See hereafter SYLURE of valle, and
SKLYN wythe sylure.
CAMD. SOC. K
66
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CEMELYXESSE. Decencia.
CEMY, or sotelle (subtyll, p.)
Subtilis.
CEMELY, or sotely. Subtiliter.
CEMELYN'. or lykyn' (cemlyn, H.
cemblen, P.) Assimulo.
CEMYN, schowyn or apparen'. Ap-
pareo.
CEMYN, or becemyn. Decet.
CEMYNGE, or a cemys (or cemys,
p.) Apparencia.
CEMYNGE, or hope (n) schowynge
(opyn, K. H. open, p.) Apparens.
CENSE, or incense, or rychelle.
Incensum, thus.
CENSERE. Thuribulum, icjnibu-
luill, CATH.
CENSYN', or caste pe sensere.
Thurifico.
(CENMINGE, p. Thurjficatio.)
CENDEL. Sindon.
CENDYN' by massage. Mitto.
CENDYNGE. Missio.
CENE, or besene. Apparens, ma-
nifestus.
CEENE of clerkys.1 Sinodus, CATH.
(^4 sancto sinodo redeunt burse
sine nodo, P.)
CENGYLLE (cengylly, H. P.) Sin-
gularis.
CENY, or tokyn. Signum.
CENY, or tokyn of an in or ostrye.2
Texera, CATH. tessera, c. F.
CENTENCE. Sentencia.
CEPTYR, or mace. Ceptrum,
clava.
CEERCLE. Circulus, girus, c. F.
CERCLE, clepyd the snayle, as of
pentys, and other lyke.3 Sjrira,
UG. in spacium.
1 " A seyne, sinodus, est congregacio clericorum." CATH. ANGL. Ceene or a synod
is from the French " senne, assemllee de gens d' Eglise ; de ccenaculum, licit d'assem-
blee, suivant Barbazan."1"1 ROQUEF. Sene is explained by Cotgrave to be " a Synod or
assembly of curates before their Ordinarie or Diocesan." " Cene of clerk es, con-
uocation." PALSG. In the Legenda Aurea mention is made of the " Ceene of
Calcydone." f. xxvi.
2 Tessera is rendered in the Ortus " a dyce," and texera has the same meaning ; the
Catholicon, however, gives another explanation, " Texere dicuntur lapides quadrati ad
modum talorum, unde pavimenta sternuntur." There can be little doubt that the token
of an inn here referred to is the ancient sign of the chequers, scaccarium, the chess-
board or playing-tables. It has been questioned whether this symbol denoted in
England, as it did where it occurs at Pompeii, a house of entertainment where play was
practised, or rather had its origin in the painted lattices at the doors and windows,
which, as has been affirmed, were part of the external indications of an hostelry as late
as 1700. The ordinary use of such lattices is mentioned by Harrison in his description of
England. " Of old time our countrie houses in steed of glasse did vse much lattise, and
that made either of wicker or fine rifts of oke in checker-wise." B. ii. c, 12, in Holinshed.
Among the deeds and benefactions of Thomas Chillenden, Prior of the church of
Canterbury from 1390 to 1411, it is recorded in the obituary, "in civitate Cantuarice
mium Hospitium famosum, vocatum le Cheker, nobiliter cedificavit: in eadem civitate
Hospitium de la Crowne." ANG. SACRA, i. 143. The " red lattice" is a term often used to
signify an ale-house ; Shakespeare alludes to it, Hen. IV. pt. ii, ; it occurs in Marston,
Chapman, and other early dramatists, and Massinger speaks of the " red grates next the
door" of a tavern. Of this and other inn-signs see Brand's Popular Antiq. ii. 247,
Gent. Mag. xl. 403, Ixiii. 531, Ixiv. 797.
3 The term helix was applied to denote the volute of a capital ; but here it seems
possible that the term relates to a spiral or newel staircase. There was, however, a
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUH.
CERGYN, supra m CEKYN'. S cm-
tor, rimor.
CEERCHYNGE (cergyu, K. cerg-
ynge, H. p.) Scrutinium, per-
scrutacio.
CERIAWNT. Indagator.
CERIAWNT of mace. Apparitor,
angarius, CATH.
CERYN' and dryyn', as trees or
herbys. Areo, marceo.
CEREIOWRE (ceriore, K. ceriowre,
p.) Scrutator, per scrutator.
CERYOWS. Seriositas.
CERTAYNE, or sekyr. Certus, se-
curus.
CERTENLY. Certe.
CERVAWNTE. Servus, vernaculus.
CERUYCYABLE (ceruysable, p.)
Servilis.
CERUYCYABLE, or redy alle waye.
Obsequiosus.
CERUYCE. Serviciwn, obsequium.
CERUYN'. Servio, famulor.
CESSYONE. Cessio.
CESTERNE, or cysterne. Cisterna,
c. F.
CESUN', or tyme. Tempus.
CESONE in londe, or obyr go(o)d
takynge. Seisina.
(CESYN, supra in CECYN, p.)
CESYN' (cesun, p.) or welle aray
mete or drynke. Tempera.
CESUN, or yeve sesenynge yn
londe, or other goodys. Cesino.
CESONYD, yn tyme (cesynde in
tyme, or other suche lyke, p.)
Tempestus, tempestivus, UG.
CETTE, or putt. Positus.
CETTYN', or puttyn' (plantyn, p.)
Planto.
(CETTYN, or putten, p. Pono.)
CETTYNGE, leynge, or putty nge.
Posicio, collocacio.
CETTYNGE, or plantynge. Plan-
tacio.
CETEWALE, herbe (cetuall, P.)
Zedorium, Dice.
CETHYN' mete. Coquo, decoquo.
CEWARE at mete.1 Depositor,
dapifer, sepulator.
CEWE. Sepulatum.
CEWYN' (yn halle, P.) Cepulo.
CEVENE, numbyr. Septem.
CEVYN HUNDRYD, Septingenti.
CEVYNTENE. Septemdecem.
CEVYNTYE. Septuaginta.
CEVENTYMES. Septies.
CEXE. Sex.
CEX HUNDRYD. Sexcenti.
CEXTY. Sexaginta.
CEXTENE. Sedecim.
CEXTEYNE (cyxten, J. N.) Sa-
crista, CATH.
CEXTRYE. Sacristia.
military engine, a variety of the testudo, used in battering walls, to which the name of
the snail is given in the curious version of Vegecius, made at the bidding of Sir Thomas
of Berkeley, 1408. " The gynne that is clepede the snayle or the welke is a frame made
of goode tyniber, shaped square, keuerede and hillede alle a-boute wythe rawe hydes, or
wythe feltes and heyres, for drede of brynnyng. This gynne hath wythe in hym a grete
beme meuabely hangede wythe ropes, the which e beme may wythe draughte of men
wythe- in be drawe bacward, and let fle wythe his owene pais forewarde to the walle, and
so astonye and shake the walle. This gynne is cleped \>e snaile, for righte as J>3 snaile
hath his hous ouer hym where he walkethe or restethe, and oute of his nous he shetethe
his hede whan he wolle, and drawethe hym inne a-yene, so doth this gynne." B. iv. c.
xiv. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 105.
1 See hereafter SKWARE, SEW, and SEWYN.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Quere plura vocabula habencia
in primd sillabd hunc sonum C,
in S litterd, ubi E sequitur im-
mediate S.
CHACE of tenys pley, or o]>yr
lyke. Sistencia, obstaculum,
obiculum (fuga, P.)
CACCHYN' a-way (chas away, p.)
Fugo, agito, abigo, effugo.
CHACYNGE a-wey. Fugacio, abac-
tWj effugacio.
CHAFFE. Palea.
CnAFFARE.1 Mercimonium, mer-
catum, commercium.
CHAFFARYN'. Negocior, mercor.
CHAFFERYNGE. Mercacio, mer-
catus, negociacio, negocium.
CHAFFENETTE, to take byrdys.
Reciaculum, COMM.
CAFFYNCHE, byrde (chaffynche,
K.) Furfurio, c. F.
CHAFYN',OI- hetyn'. Calefacio,frico.
(CHAFYN, or rubbyn, K. H. P.
Frico, confrico.}
CHAFYNGE. Confricado.
CHAFOWRE, panne (to make hot
handys, H.) Scutra, OATH.
CHAFOWRE, to make whote a
thynge as watur. Calefacto-
rium.
CHAYERE (chayjer, H.) Cathe-
dra.
CHALAUNGE, or cleyme (chalenge,
p.)2 Vendicacio.
CHALENGYN', or cleymyn'. Ven-
dico.
CHALENGYN', or vndyrtakyfi'.3 Re-
prehendo, deprehendo.
CHALANGYNGE, or vndurnemynge.
Improperium, vituperium.
CHALYS. Calix.
CHALKE, supra in CALKE (cals, K.)
CHALUN (or chalone, K. H.) bedde
clothe.4 Thorale, chalo.
1 Chaffare or merchandise is a word derived by Lye from the Alamannic chauphen,
emere. See Junius. Gautier de Bibelesworth says,
" Ly lyure (a pound) sert en marchaundye, (chaffare)
Mais le lyure ()>e bok) nous aprent clergy.'"' Arund. MS. 220.
It occurs not unfrequently in Chaucer and Gower. In 1441 a complaint was made by
the King's tenants of the forest of Knaresborough, that the Archbishop of York pre-
vented their coming to Ripon, "so that none might utter their caffer, wherewith to pay
his (the King's) farme att tearmes accustomed." Plumpton Corresp. p. liv. " Chaffre,
ware." PALSG.
2 " Calenge, dispute, contradiction, contestation.'1'' ROQUEF. " Chalenge or cleyme."
PALSG. In the Wicliffite version, Jerem. vii. 6 is rendered, " If ye maken not fals caleng
to a comelyng, and to a faderless child, and to a widewe."
3 The distinction is here clearly made between the two significations of the verb to
challenge. Thus also Cotgrave explains " Chalanger, to claime, challenge, make title
unto : also to accuse of, charge with an offence." Robert of Gloucester, Brunne, and
Chaucer use the word in the former sense. " To chalange, vendi<Mret calumpniari. A
chalange, calumpnia." CATH. ANGL. " Calanger, accuser, disputes, demander, etre en
conquerance." ROQULF. "The tribune dredde lest the iewis wolde take him bi the
waie and sle him, and aftirward he myght be chalengid as he hadde take money."
Wicliffite version, Dedis, c. 23.
4 Chalo or chalomis is explained by Ducange to be " pars supellectilis lecti, slraguli
species." In the M on. Angl. ii. 720, chaluns are thus mentioned, " aut pannos pictos,
QUI vocantur chaluns, loco lectistermi." The word occurs in Chaucer, Reves Tale.
PROMP.TOIUUM PARVULORUM.
69
(CHAMELL, best, K. P. Camelus.}
CHAMPYON, or campyon, K. P.
Campio, atleta, pugil.)
(CHAMLOT, clothe, P.)
CHANELLE (or canell, P.) of a
strete. Canalis, aquagium, c. F.
CHANONE. Chanonicus.
CHAPE of a schethe (sheede, K.
scliede, H.)1 Spirula.
CHAPELL. Capella.
CHAPELEYNE. Capellanus.
CAPELET (chapelet, K. H.) Ca-
pellus.
(CHAPYTTYL, K. chapytle, H. clia-
petyll, p.2 Capitulum.}
CHAPMAN.3 Negotiator, merca-
tor.
CHAPMANHODE. Mercatus, UG.
CHARCOLE (or charkole, P.) Carbo.
CnARE.4 Currus, quadriga, pe-
torica, c. F. pilentum, c. F. bel-
giga, COMM. \reda. P.)
CHARGE. Cura, onus.
CHARGYD wythe byrdenys, or obyr
lyke. Onustus, oneratus.
CHARYAWNT. Onerosus.
CHARGYN wythe byrdenys, or o]>yr
J>yngys. Onero.
CHARGYN', or gretely sett a thynge
to herte. Penso.
" And in his owen chambre hem made a bedde
With shetes and with chalons faire yspredde."
Tyrwhitt thinks they were probably so called from having been made at Chalons. " A
chalone, amphitapetum." CATH. ANGL. In an Inventory taken at the Hospital of
St. Edmund, Gateshead, 1325, there occurs, " In Choro, Unum frontale de Chalonns."
Wills and Invent. Surtees Society, i. 22.
1 "Chape of a knyfe, vomtllvt." CATH. ANGL. "Chape of a shethe, louterolle de
gayne. To chape a sword or dagger." PALSG. The word is derived from the French
chappe, which Cotgrave explains to be "the locket of a scabbard," but Skinner more
correctly " vayiiue mucro ferr&H.'* The chape of a sword was a badge assumed by the
De la Warr family, in memorial of the part taken by Sir Roger de la Warr, at Poitiers,
1356, in the capture of John King of France, when he took possession of the royal
sword.
2 " A chapitrye, capitulum.'1'' CATH. ANGL.
3 " A chapman, negotiator, et cetera ubi a merchande. A chapmanry, negociacio. A
chapmanware, vendibilis. To chappe, mercari, nimdinari, negotiaTiS"1 CATH. ANGL.
" Chapman, marchant, ckallant." PALSG. Ang. S. ceapman, mercaior.
4 The term chare seems to have been the earliest appellation in England of vehicles
used to convey persons of distinction. It has been derived from the Anglo-Saxon cyran,
vertere ; but probably we derived both the vehicle and its appellation from France,
where, as early as 1294, the use of the char had become so prevalent that it was for-
bidden to the wives of citizens by an ordinance of Philippe le Bel. A description of
the rich chare prepared for the Princess of Hungary will be found in the Squyr of low
degree, Ellis's Specimens, vol. i., and is beautifully illustrated by an illumination in
the Louterell Psalter, executed in the reign of Edward II. See Mr. Rokewode's valuable
paper in the Vetusta Mon. vol. vi. plate xx. A variety of representations are also
given by Mr. Markland, with his remarks on the early use of carriages in England,
Archseol. xx. 443. The appellation chare continued in use in the XVIth century.
Horman says, " The quyene came in a chare, pilento. He came in a chare or a wagen."
It occurs in Hall and Fabyan ; and in Strype's Memoirs, Edward VI. 1557, is mentioned
a " chair drawn by six chariot horses."
70
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CHARGYN', rekkyn' or yeve tale
(reckyn or jeuyn tale, H. rechen,
or gyue tale, P.) Curo.
CHARYETT, supra in CHARE. l
CHARYETTER. Aurigarius, qua-
drigariuSj CATH. redarius.
CHARYN a-way, supra in CAC-
CHYN'.2
CHARYN, or geynecopyn' (ajen-
stondyn, K.) Sisto, CATH.
obsto.
CHARYOWRE, vesselle.3 Cati-
num.
CHARYTE. Caritas.
CHARKYN', as a carte, or barow,
or oj>yr thynge lyke.4 Arguo,
UG. alii dicunt stridere.
CHARLET, dyschemete.5 Pepo,
KYLW.
CHARLYS, propyr name. Carolus.
CHARME. Incantacio.
CHARMYD. Incantatus.
CHARMYD, or bygylyd, or for-
spekyn. Fascinatus, CATH.
CHARMYN'. Incanto.
CHARMYN', begylyn', or for-
spekyn'. Fascino.
CHARMYNGE, idem quod CHARME.
CHARNEL, or chernel. Carnarium.
CHARTERE. Carta.
CHAASTE. Castus.
CHASTYZED. Castigatus.
CHASTYZYN'. Castigo.
CHASTYSYNGE. Castigacio.
CHASTYSOWRE. Castigator.
CHASTYSOWRE pat beryth an
instrument of chastysynge, to
make pees. Castifer.
CHASTYTE. Castitas, pudidcia.
CHATERYN'. Garrio.
CHAVYLBONE, or chawlbone
(chaule bone, P.)6 Mandibula.
CHAWMBYR, or chambyr. Ca-
mera, thalamus.
CHAWMBYRLEYNE. Camerarius,
cubicularius.
CHAWNCE, or happe. Eventus,
casus.
1 " Easterna, est theca manualis vel itineris, a carre, or a chareot, or horslytter."
ORT. VOC. In the Catholicon Basterna is explained to be " vehiculus itineris, quasi
vesterna, guia mollibus vestibits sternitur, et a duobus animalibus trahitur, ubi nobiles
femine deferuntur." " Charryet, chariot, branlant." PALSG.
8 "To chare, vbi to chase." CATH. ANGL. A. Sax. cerrau, vertere.
" Parapsis, discus, sive vas ex omni parte halens latera equalia, a platter, or a dobler,
or a charger. Lanx, latus discus, a charger." ORT. voc. " Charger, a great platter,
ung grant plat" PALSG. " One swanne is ynoughe to fyll a charger. This fysshe fylleth
a charger, namozanum applet." HORM.
* Gower uses this word to express the creaking of a door, Conf. Am. lib. iv.
" There is no dore, which maie charcke."
Compare CHYRKYM, sibilo, CHERKYN, or chorkyn", or fracchyn as newe cartys or plowys,
strideo. Ang. Sax. cearcian, stridere.
5 In the Forme of Cury, p. 27, will be found directions for making " charlet, and
charlet yforced." It appears to have been a kind of omelet, sometimes compounded
with minced pork. Pegge derives the term from the French cliair. Pepo is explained,
however, in the Ortus, as " herba quedam, i. melo, or mortrews, et est similis cucur-
bite."
" A chafte, a chawylle, a chekebone, maxilla, mala, faiix, mandubila, mandula,
mola.'' CATH. ANGL. " Chawe bone, machovere." PALSG. In the Latin-English
Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 140, occurs the word " brancus, a gole, or a chawle."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
71
CHADNCEL. Cancellus, CATH.
CHADNCELER. Cancellarius.
CHAUNCEMELE (chavncemely, K.)1
Subtelaris, c. F. CATH.
CHAUNCEPE, or schoynge home
(chaucepe, p.)2 Parcopollex,
CATH.
CHAUNCERYE. Cancellaria.
CHAWNDELERE.3 CerCLTlUS, CATH.
CHAWNGYN', Muto, permuto.
CHAWNGYN', or roryn', supra in
BARTERYN', et infra in RORYN'.
CHAWNGYNGE. Mutacioy per-
mutacio, commutacio.
CHAWNGYNGE, or yeuynge (ro-
ryng, K. H. roringe, P.) oone
thinge for a-nothere.4 Cambium,
Dice.
CHAWNIORE of money (chaungere,
p.) Cambitor, camsor (camp-
sor, P.) trapezeta, Dice.
CHAWNTERYE. Cantaria.
CnAWNTYNGE.5 Discantus, can-
tus organicus.
CHAWNTON'. Discanto, organise .
CHAWNTOWRE. Cantor.
CAWEPYS, or chavepys, or stran-
gury, sekenesse. Stranguria.
CHEP, or hap (chefe, p.) For-
tuna, eventus.
CHEFE, or princypale. Precipuus.
CHEK. Scactifactio, scaccatus.
1 "Subtelaris, vnder the hele," ORT. voc. A similar explanation is given in the
Catholicon, with this addition, " Sotular autem, vel sotularis nihil aliud est, ut dicit
Magister Bene. sed aliqui contrarium dicunt.^
2 The Catholicon gives the following explanation, " Parcopollex, i. tramellura^"1 which
is properly a thimble ; chauncepe appears to be a corruption of the French chaussepied.',
3 Of the office of the chandeler in the household of a great lord, see the curious poem
appended to the Boke of Curtasye, written about the time of Henry VI. Sloane MS.
1986, f. 46, b.
" Now speke I wylle a lytulle whyle
Of the chandeler wyth-outen gyle,
That torches and tortes and preketes con make,
Perchours, smale condel, I vndertake."
Chandler signified not only the maker of candles, but the candlestick, from the French
chandelier. Thus in the Legenda Aurea mention occurs of a " chaundeler or candyl-
stycke," f. vii. b. See above CANDELERE, and the word chandler in Jamieson.
4 See hereafter ROORYN or chaungyn on chaffare for another, cambio.
5 It has been stated that the usage of chanting in the English churches was introduced
by Osmund, Bishop of Sarum, 1 090 ; but we learn from Bede that Benedict, Abbot of
Weremouth, brought Abbot John, the arch-chanter, from Rome to this country about
A.D. 678, at which period Archbishop Theodoric, a Greek by birth, made a visitation of
the whole island, and caused instruction to be given in the art " sonos cantandi in
ecclesia^ until then known only in Kent. Bede states even that at an earlier period in
the same century Paulinus left at York James the Deacon, who was " cantandi in
ecclesia peritissivms," and who " magister ecclesiastice cantionis juxta morem Momanorum,
sen CanhiarioTum multis ccepit existere." Bede, lib. ii. 40. See also lib. iv. 3, and
v. 20, and the appendix, edit, by Smith, p. 719. The most important treatises on the
subject of Church Music are those of St. Nicetus in the Vlth century, and Aurelian in
the IXth, subsequent to the great change introduced by St. Gregory. A curious notice of
the ancient system of notation has been given among the " Instructions du Comite His-
torique. Collection de documents inedits." 1839. Chanting or " deschaunt" was among
the practices violently opposed by Wickliffe, as was all Church-melody by the innovators
of a later period.
72
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOKUM.
CHEKE. Maxilla, fans, gena, mala.
CHEKEBONE, supra in chavylbone.
CHEKENYD, or qwerkenyd (chowk-
ed or querkened, p.) Suffoca-
tus, strangulatus.
CHEKENYNGE (chowkinge, p.) or
qwerkenynge. Suffocacio.
CHEKYN', or qwerchyri' (querken,
p.) Suffoco.
CHEKKYN' (checken, p.) Scacti-
fico, KYLW.
CHEKKYNGE (checkynge, P.) Scac-
catus, supra.
CHEKYR. Scaccarium.
CHEKRYE, as clo]>ys and o)>yr
thynge (chekered, p.) Scacca-
riatus.
CHEKYR, tabulle. Scaccarium,
stipadium, CATH.
CHELYNGE, fysche.1
CHEYNE (chene, P.) Cathena, boia.
CHEYNYN', or put yn cheynys.
Catheno.
CHEEP (chep or pryse, K. chepe,
p.) Precium.
CnEPYN'.2 Licitor, UG. in liceo,
prepalmito.
CHEPYNGE, or barganynge. Li-
citacio, stipulacio.
CHEERE. Vultus.
CHERY, or chery frute. Cerasum.
CHERISTONE. Petrilla, cerpeta
(ceripetra, p.)
CHERYTRE. Cerasus.
CHERYN', or make good chere.
Hillaro, exhillaro, letifico.
CHERELLE, or cliarle (churle or
carle, P.) Rusticus, rustica-
nus.
CHERLYCHE or charlysche (chur-
lisshe, P.) Rusticalis.
(CHERLICHLY, K. cherlyschely, H.
churlisshly, p. JRusticaliter.)
CHERLYCHE, or charlyche preste
(churlisshe prest, p.)3 Ego,
CATH. vel eco, c. F.
1 " A kelynge, moms, piscis est." CATH. ANGL. " Morus, quidam piscis, a hadok, a
kelynge, or a codlynge." OUT. voc. At the inthronization feast of Abp. Nevill, 1464,
there was served " Kelyng, codlyng, and hadocke boyled." (Leland Coll. vi. 6.) Ac-
cording to Ray, the keeling is the same as the cod-fish.
2 " To chepe, taxare. Chepe, precium.'1'' CATH. ANGL. In Caxton's Boke for Tra-
vellers a servant who is sent to market is thus directed : " So chepe for us of the venyson,
si nous largaigne." Palsgrave gives the verb " To bargen, chepe, bye and sell, mar-
chander. Go cheape a cappe for me, and I wyll come anone and bye it." Ang. Sax.
ceapian, neyotiari. The following use of the substantive occurs in the Will of Sir John
Lumley, 1420 : " I wille J?at my brothere William haue J?e landes and rentys bettir chepe
>en any othir man, by a reasonable some." Wills published by the Surtees Society, i. 63.
Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, says, " He byeth in tyme and at hour, so that he hath
not of the dere chepe, du chier marchiet.""1
3 " Ut dicit Papias, JSgones sunt sacerdotes rustici." CATH. In the Glossary of
St. Isidore of Seville, who lived in the Vllth century, occur, " JZcones, sacerdotes rustici.
Egones, sacerdotes rusticorvm." The compiler of the Promptorium was a Friar-Preacher,
and the insertion of this word may possibly be attributed to the contentious feeling which
subsisted between the monastic orders and the secular clergy. The illiterate condition,
however, of the rural or " uplandish" clergy brought them generally into contempt, and
occasioned their receiving the nick-name "Sir John," and other appellations of invidious
obloquy.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
73
CHERSYDDE (cheryschyd, H.
cherisshed, p.) Fotus, nutritus.
CHERSYN'.! Foveo.
CHERSYNGE (cherschyng, H. che-
risshinge, P.) Focio, nutricio.
CHERVELL, herbe. Cerifolium,
apium, risus.
CHERWYN', or tetyn' (chervyn or
fretyn, H. cheruen or freten, p.)
Torqueo, CATH.
CHERVYNGE, or fretynge in be
wombe. Tor do ^ c. F.
CHESE. Caseus.
CnESSE.2 Scaccarium.
CnESEBOLLE.3 Papctver, tadici, C.F.
CHESEKAKE. Ortacius, ortoca-
turia, UG. in tigro (artocaseus,
artocira. P.)
CHESEFATTE. Casearium, fiscina.
CHESYN'. Eligo.
CHESYN', or cullyn' owte. Elicio.
CHESYNGE, or choyse. Electio.
CHESYPYLLE (chesible, p.)4 CCL-
sula.
CASTANY, fhite or tre, idem.
(chesteyne, p.) Castanea.
CHESTE. Cista.
CHESUN, or cawse (chesen, p.)5
Causa (occasio, p.)
CHETE for the lorde. Caducum,
c. F. confiscarium, fisca.
CHETYN'. Confiscor, fisco, UG.
CHETYNGE. Confiscacio.
CHETOWRE. Confiscator, cadu-
carius, CATH.
CHEUERELLE, leddare (cheueler
lether, p.)6
CHEUETUN, or ledar, or capteyn'
(chefteyne, P.) Capecerius,
capitaneus, stratiles, c. F.
CHEVYN, or thryvyn'.T Vigeo.
CHEW METE. Mastico.
1 "To cherische or dawnte, blanditractare." CATH. ANG.
2 See above CHEKYR.
3 Papiever, MS. " A chesse bolle, papaver, cinolus." CATH. ANG. The Promptorium
gives also CHYBOLLE, cinollus. "Papaver est herba somnifera, Anglice a chebole."
CRT. voc. " Cheese bowls, flores papaveris hort. a similitudine aliqua vasculorum
caseaceorum sic dicti" SKINNER. See the words Chasbol and Chesbow in Jamieson.
4 "A chesabylle, casula, infula, planeta" CATH. ANG. " Casula, a chesuble."
ORTUS. At the Reformation there was still preserved at Canterbury among the vest-
ments supposed to have been sent by St. Gregory to Augustine A.D. 601, "casula,
oloserica purpurei colons aured textura, et lapidibus superiiis a parte posteriori ornata.^
Bede, App. p. 691.
5 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives in relation to suits
at law, Causa, occasio, pretextus, cheson." See hereafter ENCHESONE, or cause. " Acheison,
encheison, occasion heumise, plainte, querelle." ROQUEF. In low Latin, " acheso, occasio,
Us contra jus intentata." DUC.
6 In Sloan. MS. 73. f. 211, will be found directions " for to make cheuerel lether of
perchemyne," by means of a solution of alum mixed with yolks of eggs and flour ; and
also " to mak of whit cheuerel, reed cheuerell," the colour being given by a compound of
brazil. " Cheuerell lether, cheverotin." PALSG.
7 The verb to cheve is used by R. Gloucester and R. Brunne, and likewise in Piers
Ploughman,
" The poore is but feble,
And if he chide or chatre,
Hym cheveth the worse." Vision, line 9375.
CAMD. SOC. L
74
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CHEWYNGE of metys or oper
jjynngys. Masticacio.
CHEW the cood, of bestys (as
bestis done whan the rest, p.)
Jtumino.
CHEVESAUNCE.1 Providencia.
CHEVYSTYN', or purveyn' (chevy-
schen, H. cheuesshen, p.)2 Pro-
video.
CHYBOLLE, herbe. Cinollus, KYLW.
CHEKYN'. Pullus.
CH(EK)YN' WEDE, herbe (cheken-
wede, p.)3 Hospia, vel hospia
major, et minor dicitur oculus
Christi, morsus galline (hispia,
CHYDAR. Intentor (contentor,
p.) litigator.
CHYDYN', or flytyn'.4 Contendo,
CATH. litigo.
CHYDYNGE. Contencio, litigacio.
CHYKKYN, as corne, or spyryn, or
sp(r)owtyn'.5 Pulilo (pupulo, p.)
CHYKKYN', as hennys byrdys
(chycke, as henne byrdes, P.)
Pipio, pululo.
(CHICKYNG, or spyryng of corne,
K. sprowtinge of corne, p. Ger-
minacio, pululatus, pululacio.)
CHYKKYNGE, or wyppynge of
yonge byrdys (chickyng or jip-
pyng of bryddys, K. H. yeppinge,
p.) Pupulatus, KYLW. pupu-
lacio.
CHYLANDER, or chylawndur.6
Chyndrus (chillindrus, K. p.)
CHYLDE. Puer, infans.
CHYLDE, whyle hyt can not speke.
Proles, soboles.
CHYLDE BEDDE, or women whan
pey haue chyldryn' (childyng
or bringyng forthe of child ryn,
K. H.)7 Decubie, c. F. puer-
perium.
CHYLDEHODDE. Infancia, pue-
ricia.
CHYYLDYN', or bryngyn' furthe
chylde.8 Pario.
Roquefort gives " Chevir, agir, posseder, jouir, en las lat. cJieviare." " To cheve,
brynge to an ende. aschieuer ." PALSG.
1 This word is used by Piers Ploughman, Chaucer, and Gower. " Schift, cheue-
saunce, cheuesance." PALSG.
2 In the Legenda Aurea, f. 64, b. it is related of Becket, "and the nexte nyght after he
departed in thabyte of a brother of Sympryngham, and so cheuyssed yl he wente ouer
see.'' Fabyan states that Rufus said of the Earl of Poytiers, " I well assaye to haue hys
Erldom in morgage, for welle I knowe he must cheuyche for money to perfourme that
journey'' (to Jerusalem).
3 " Chekynwede, herbe, movron." PALSG. In Norfolk the alsine media according to
Forby, is called Chickensmeat. Ang. Sax. cicena mete, alsine. ELFRIC.
4 See hereafter FLYTIN, or chydin. The Cath. Ang. gives, " To chyde, litigare,
certare, el cetera ubi to flyte."
8 To chick signifies still in Norfolk and Suffolk to germinate, as seeds in the earth or
leaves from the bud. FORBY.
6 Chilindrus, in French chilandre, PALSG. was a name of Greek derivation, applied to
some venomous kind of water-serpent.
7 The English gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth explains " gysine, childing." " There
was a woman with chylde grete vpon her delyueraunce, and at ye tyme of chyldynge she
myght not be delyuered." (Leg. Aurea.) " Partus, puerperium, chyldyng." (Vocab.
Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII.)
8 " To chiide, parturire, eniti, fetare, parere. Femina vull parere, sed non vult ilia
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
75
CHYLDYNGE, or woman wythe
chylde.1 Pregnans.
CHYLDYS BELLE. Bulla, BRIT.
o. F. nola.
CHYLDYS CAPPE. Calamacium, UG.
CHYLLE, herbe. Cilium vel psil-
lium.
CHYLLYN', or (for, p.) colde.
Frigucio.
CHYLLYNGE of tethe or oj?er
lyke. Frigidor, CATH.
CH(Y)MME BELLE (chyme, H. p.)
Cimbalum.
CHYMYN', or chenken' wythe belly s
(clynke bell, P.) Tintillo.
(CHYMER, K. H. p. Abella, K.
obellci) H. p.)
CHYMERYNGE, or chyuerynge, or
dyderynge. Frigutus.
CHYMNEY. Fumarium, CATH. ca-
minus, epicaustorium.
CHYN'. Mentum.
parere." CATH. ANG. The Wicliffite version renders Levit. xii. 2, " If a woman
a knaue child, sche schal be vncleene bi vii daies." (Cott. MS. Claud. E. n.)
1 Ang. Sax. cildiung-wif, a child-bearing woman.
2 "A chinche, tenax, &c. ubi cowatus. Chinchery, tenaciias, <bc. ubi cowatyse."
CATH. ANG. " Tenax, a toughe halder, or chinche." MED. Chaucer says in the Tale of
Melibeus, " Men blamen an avaricious man, because of his scarcitee and chincherie."
" Bothe he was scars and chinche." Sevyn Sages, 1244.
R. Wimbeldon said in his Sermon at Paul's Cross, A.D. 1389, " forsoth wete ye, that
euerych auouterer, or vncleane man, that is gloton, other chynch, shal neuer haue heritage
in the realme of Christ and of God." (Fox, Acts and Mon.) The word is occasionally
written chiche, as by Chaucer, Rom. of R. In French, " chice, mesquin ; chichete,
avarice, mlenie." ROQUEF.
3 Shingles of wood, a covering both light and durable, were probably still, at the time
the Promptorium was compiled, in very general use for roofing houses, although the
regulations for the dimension of the various kinds of tiles are a proof of their being
likewise employed to a considerable extent. See Stat. 17 Edvv. IV. c. 4, A.D. 1477.
The term seems derived from the French eschandole, or Latin scindula, and is occasionally
written shindies. See Holland's Pliny, B. xvi. c. 10. Piers Ploughman terms Noah's
ark a " shynglede shup," an expression that seems to bear some analogy to the Ang. Sax.
scide-weall, murus de scindulis congestus. ELFRIC. See SCHYNGYL.
4 In the Seuyn Sages, line 2625, the chirche-hawe is spoken of, Ang. Sax. haga,
agellus, or hege, septum. In Cath. Ang. it is termed " a kyrke-garthe." Ang. Sax. geard,
sepes.
5 " JZ uce nia dicuntur nova festa, vel dedicationes ecclesiarum.'' ORTUS. Ang. Sax.
cyric-halgung, church hallowing.
CHYNCHYN, or sparyn' mekylle
(chinkinge or to mekyl sparyn,
H.) Perparco, CATH.
CHYNCHYR, or chynchare (chynche,
H. p.)2 Perparcus, CATH.
CHYNCERY (chincherye, p.) or
scar(s)nesse. Parcimonia.
CHYNE, of bestys bakke. Spina.
CHYNGYL, or chyngle, bordys for
helyngys of howsys (shingill,
howsehillinge, p.)3 Sindula.
CHYPPE. Quisquilie, UG. CATH.
assula, UG. c. F. astula.
CHYPPYNGE of ledyr, or clothe, or
other lyke. Succidia, UG. in
cedo, presigmen, c. F.
CHYRCHE. Ecclesia (basilica, P.)
CHYRCHEJARDE (churcheyerde,
p.)4 Cimitorium (poliandrum, P.)
CHYRCHEHOLY.S Encennia, in
plur.
CHYRCHYN, or puryfyen'. Purifico.
76
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CHYRKYN'.I Sibilo.
CHERKYN', or chorkyn', or frac-
chyn', as newe cartys orplowys.2
Strideo.
CHYRKYNGE. Sibilatus.
CHYRNE, vesselle. Cimbia, cumlia.
CHYRNE botyr. Cumo.
CHYRNYNGE.3 Cumbiatio.
C(H)YRPYNGE, or claterynge of
byrdys (chirkinge or chateringe,
(p.)4 Garritus.
CHYSEL, instrument. Celtis.
CHYSEL, or grauel.5 Acerua
(arena, p.) sabulum.
(CHYST, supra in CHEST, p.)
CHYTERYN' as byrdys, supra in
CHATERYNGE.
CHYTYRLYNGE.6 Scrutellum, SCrU-
tum, KYLW.
CHYUALRY, or knyghtehoode. Mi~
licia.
CHYVERYN', supra in CHYLLYN'.
(CHYUERYNG, or qwakyng for
cold, supra in chymeryng, H. p.)7
1 " And kisseth hire swete and chirketh as a sparwe with his lippes." Sompnoures
Tale. " To chyrke, make a noyse as myse do in a house." PALSG.
2 See above CHARKYN, as a carte. Ang. Sax. cearcian, stridere. Chaucer uses the
term to express generally a disagreeable sound.
"All full of chirking was that sory place." Knightes Tale.
3 CHYRRYNGE, MS.
4 Thomas, in his Italian Grammar 1548, gives " Bujfa, the dispisyng blaste of the
mouthe that we call shirping."
5 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives "arena, grawell,
sabulum, sande, glaria, chesylle," f. 37, and again, f. 56, " nomina lapidum, glaria,
chesylle." The etymology of the name Chesil Bank, in Dorsetshire, a singular bank of
pebbles, which extends nearly seven miles S.E. from Abbotsbury, and abuts at Chesilton
on the isle of Portland, is here clearly ascertained. See, prefixed to Holinshed's Chron.
the description of the Chesill, by Harrison, Descr. of Brit. p. 58. Harrison speaks
also of the Chesill at Seaton, in Devonshire, where he says "the mouth of the Axe
is closed by a mightie bar of pibble stones," p. 59, and copies the account given by
Leland, Itin. iii. f. 42 : " The men of Seton began of late day to stake and make a
mayne waulle withyn the Haven — and ther to have trenchid thorough the chisille, and to
have let out the Ax, and receyvid in the mayn se. But this purpose cam not to effect.
Me thought that nature most wrought to trench the chisil hard to Seton Town, and ther
to let in the se." In this instance the term chisel seems to accord with the explanation
given in the Medulla, " Glarea, argilla, vel primum lapides quos aqua fluviatilis
trahit." Harl. MS. 2257. It implies, however, in a more general sense the pebbles
on the shore ; thus in the Coventry Mysteries, p. 56, is the following paraphrase of
Genes, xxii. 17:
" As sond in the see dothe ebbe and flowe,
Hath cheselys many unnumerable."
In the Wicliffite version this passage is rendered "gravel which is in }>Q brink of >e
see." Ang. Sax. ceosel, glarea, salulum. Teut. kesel. In Norfolk, chizzly signifies dry
and harsh under the teeth, which Forby derives from Teut. kiesele, gluma. The Latin-
English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 147, gives among " pertinencia pistrine, Canta-
brum, Anglice, chycelle."
6 " Chiterlynge, hilla." CATH. ANG. " Chyterling, endoile." PALSG. Herman says,
" Let us have trypis, chetterlyngis, and tryllybubbys ynough, suppedita aulicoctia ad
wtietatem" Skinner derives the word from Teut. kutteln, intesiina.
7 Chaucer writes in the Blake Knyght, " I chiver for defaut of hete," and Govver
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
77
CHOYSE. Electio.
CHOSUN. Electus.
CHOWEN, supra in CHEWEN.
CHOWYNGE (or chewynge, P.)
Masticacio.
CHOFFE, or chuffe, cliarle, or
chutt (chuffe, cherl or cliatte, H.
chel, or chaffe, supra in carle,
p.)1 Itusticus, supra.
CHORLYSCHE, or carlysche. Rus-
ticanus, rusticacio.
CYBBE, or kyn, or lye (akyn, H.
of kyn, p.)« Affinis.
CYBREDE. Banna, in plur. c. F.
CYYD, as clothys fat be thredbare
(cyd, H.)3 Talaris.
CYYDE of a mann, or beste. Latus.
CYFTYN'. Cribro.
CYFTYNGE. Cribracio.
CYTHE. Quere in S literd.
CYYNGE DOWNE, or swownynge
(cyghinge or swonynge downe,
p.) Sincopacio.
CYKYLLE. Fassilla, vel fassicula
(falcilla,falcicula, falx, P.)
CYKYR, fro harme. Securus,
tutus.
CYKYR or (of, p.) sothefastenesse.
Certus.
CYKYRLY. Tute.
CYKYRNESSE. Securitas.
CYLLABLE. Sillaba.
CYLKE. Sericum (serica, p.)
CYLKE WORME. Bombex, c. F.
CYLKE WOMAN. Devacuatrix
(aurisceca, p.)
CYLTE, soonde. Glarea, c. F.
CYLUER. Argentum.
CYLLOWRE (cylere, p.)5 Gla-
tura (celatura, p.)
CYLUERDE (cyluryd, H. cylered,
p.) Celatus.
(CILUERYN, K. H. p. Argento.)
CYMNEL, brede.6 Artocopus.
CYMPYLLE. Simplex.
CYMPYLNESSE. Simplicitas.
CYM, propyr name (Cymund, H. P.)
Simon.
CHYNCHONE, herbe (cynchone,
H. pJ Ceneceon, camadroos.)
uses the verb to chever. " Chyueryng as one dothe for colde in an axes, or otherwise,
frilleux" PALSG.
1 Chuffy, as Forby observes, does not in Norfolk now signify clownish, but merely fat
and fleshy, particularly in the cheeks. French, joufu. Palsgrave gives " chuffe, bouffe"
which is explained by Cotgrave as a " swollen or swelling cheek ; Bouffe, puifed, blown."
2 See hereafter SYBBE and SYBREDE.
8 See hereafter SYYD, as clothys. Talaris. This term, which is retained in Norfolk,
implies commonly merely the length of a garment, " syde as a gowne, defluxws." CATH.
ANG; from Ang. Sax. sid, amplus, latus. The reason of its special application here to
clothes that are threadbare is not apparent, unless it were that garments in such con-
dition, losing the swelling folds that new stuffs would form, and hanging close to the
sides, give the figure a lengthy and lean appearance.
4 See hereafter SYYNGE downe.
5 See CEELYN with syllure, and hereafter SYLURE of valle, and SELYN. Cotgrave gives
" Draperie, a flourishing with leaves and flowers in wood or stone, used especially on the
heads of pillers, and tearmed by our workmen drapery or cilery."
6 See BREDE twyss bakyn as krakenelle, or symnel, and hereafter SYMNEL.
7 In a curious MS. herbal of the XVth century, in the possession of Hugh Diamond,
Esq. the virtues of this plant are detailed. " Grondeswyle we clepen in Latin seneceon"
p. 61. It was used as a plaster for " bolnyngs " and sores, " hit wole staunce \>Q hoote
potagre, and alle mauere greues of J>e leggys." By most leeches it was thought dan-
78
PROMPTOBIUM PARVULORUM.
CYNDYR of J>e smythys fjre.
Casuma, C.F. coehiron, RIG.
CYNE of (or, P.) a tokyn'. Signum*
CYNAMUM. Cynamomum.
CYNAMUM, TRE. Sinamus, vd
sinamomicus, CATH.
CYNNE. Peccatum, piaculum,
crimen.
CYNFULLE. Criminosus, peccosus.
CYNFULLY. Criminose.
CYNNYN'. Pecco.
CYNNYNGE. Peccamen.
CYNGYN'. Cano, canto, psallo.
CYNGYNGE, or (of, p.) songe.
Cantus.
CYNGYNGE of masse (messys, P.)
Celebracio.
(CYNKE of a lawere, p.1 Mergulus.}
CYNKYN'. Merge, submergo.
CYNKYNGE. Dimersio, submercio.
CYNTER or masunry (cyynt of
masonrye, P.) Cintorium.
CYNEW, or cenu, of armys, or
leggys (cynows, p.) Nervus.
CYPPYN', or drynkyn' lytylle. Bi-
bito, subbibo, CATH.
CYPPYNGE, of drynke. Subbibi-
tura, CATH. in bibo.
CYPRESSE, tre. Cipressus.
CYRCUMSYCYON'. Circumsicio.
CYYR (eyre, or syr, p.) Dominus,
ems.
CYSMATYKE. Cismaticus, cis-
matica.
CYSOWRE. Forpex.
CYSTYR, by ]>e faderys syde oonly.
Soror, CATH.
CASTYR, by ]>e modurys syde.
Germana.
(CYTE, p.) Civitas, urbs.
CYTEZEYNE (cytesyn, P.) Gives
(urbanita, p.)
CYTYR, tre.2 Citrus.
CYTTYN'. Sedeo.
CYTTYNGE. Seesio, sedile.
(CYTTINGE place, or cete, P. Sedile,
sedes.}
GYVE, (or cifte, P.) for come
clansynge. Cribrum, cribellum.
GYVE, for mele, Furfuraculum,
c. F.
CYUEDYS, of mele, or brynne (cy-
uedus, w.) Furfur, cantabrum,
CATH.
CYVER, or maker of sevys (cyvyer,
H. maker of cyues, P.) Cri-
brarius.
CYVYS, herbe (cyues, p.)
gerous to use it internally, although so recommended by Pliny ; however, " \>is erbe
algreene, if it be dipped in vynegre, and so y ete — wole abate J>e fretyng of J?e wombe ; "
and the touch of the root was accounted a specific for the tooth-ache.
1 The drain of a lavatory seems to be here alluded to, such as that with which the
lavacrum or piscina on the south side of the altar was invariably supplied, which allowed
the water that had served for washing the sacred vessels, and for the ablutions during the
service of the altar, to sink into the earth ; or generally in reference to such provisions
for cleanliness as are to be observed in most monastic establishments, as especially the
lavatories in the cloisters at Chester and Worcester Cathedrals. Mergulus, however,
usually signifies the sink of a lamp wherein the wick was placed.
2 The citron was probably introduced into Europe with the orange by the Arab con-
querors of Spain, and first received in England from that country. By a MS. in the
Tower it appears that in 1290, 18 Edw. I. a large Spanish ship came to Portsmouth,
and that from her cargo Queen Eleanor purchased Seville figs, dates, pomegranates, 15
citrons, and 7 poma de orenge. See the introduction to the valuable volume on House-
hold Expenses in England, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. xlviii.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
79
CYVN' of a tre. Surculus, vitu-
lamen, CATH.
CYYD, (cyued, P.) or cythyd and
clensyd, as mylke, or oj^er lyke
(licoure, P.)1 Colatus.
CYFTYN' (cyuyn, p.) or clensyn'.
Colo, CATH.
CYTHYNGE (cyynge, H. cyuynge,
p.) or clensynge. Colatura.
Quere plura vocabula similem
sonum istis habencia in S
literd, ubi I vel Y sequitur lianc
liter am S immediate.
CLADDE, or clothydde. Vestitus,
indutus.
CLAM', or cleymows (gleymous,
K. H. p.)2 Glutinosus, vis-
cosus.
CLAMERYN' (or crepyn, p.) Repto.
CLAMERYNGE, or clymynge. Rep-
cio, reptura (reptacio, K.)
CLAPPE, or grete dynne (dynt, p.)3
Strepitus, frangor.
CLAPPARRE (clat, H. j. clappe, p.)
Percussorium.
CLAPPE, or clakke of a mylle
(clat, H. clatte, P.) Taraian-
tara, UG. in tardo, CATH. ba-
tillus, Dice. c. P.
(CLAPYR of a bell, K. H. p. Ba-
tillus, c. F. Dice.)
CLAPPYN', or knokkyn'. Pulso.
CLAPPYN' hondys to-gedyr for ioy
or for sorowe. Complodo, c. F.
(CLAPPYNGE, H. p. Percussio.)
CLAPPYNGE, or clynkynge of a
belle. Tintillacio.
CLARET of a tunne (claret, P.)
Ductilium.
CLARET, or cleret, as wyne. Se-
miclarus.
CLARET, wyne (clarey, K. clarry,
p.)4 Claretum.
CLARYFYYN'. Clarifico.
CLARYN' wythe a claryone (clary-
yn, K. p.) Clango.
1 " Colum, a mylke syhe, or a clansynge syfe." MED. See hereafter SYYNGE, or
clensynge.
2 " Clammy, as breed is not through baken, pasteux." PALSG. See hereafter GLEY-
MOWS or lytnows. In Norfolk meat over-kept is said to have got a clam ; and to clam
signifies to stick together by viscid matter. FORBY. Ang. Sax. clam, lutum, clsemian,
liner e.
" They that serche the ende of a mannys lyfe by nygrymanciars be payed at a clappe,
clade involvuntur.' ' HORM.
4 The French term dark seems simply to have denoted a clear transparent wine, but in
its most usual sense a compounded drink of wine with honey and spices, so delicious as
to be comparable to the nectar of the Gods.
" For of the Goddes the vsage is,
That who so him forsweareth amis,
Shall that yeere drinke no clarre." Chaucer, Rom. of Rose.
In the original Romance, pigment, dart, and vin parte are named together, and in the
Merchant's Tale Januarie is said to indulge in consoling spiced drinks, " Ipocras, clareie
and vernage." Barth. Anglicus gives a description of the mode of compounding claret,
lib. 19, de propriet. rerum, c. 56; and recipes " ad faciendum claretum" occur in
Sloan. MSS. 1986, f. 14, b. and 3458, f. 105. The following directions are found
in Sloan. MS. 2584, f. 173. " To make Clarre. Take a galoun of honi, and skome it
wel, and loke whanne it is i soden >at J?er be a galoun ; Jeanne take viii galouns of red
wyn, ban take a pounde of pouder canel, and halfe a pounde of pouder gynger, and a
quarter of a pounde of pouder peper, and medle all >ese >ynges to geder, and >e wyn :
80
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORDM.
CLARINE, trumpett (claryon
trumpe, p.)1 Lituus, sistrum,
C. F.
CLARYOWRE, or clarenere (clario-
nere, K.H. p.) Liticen, bellicrepa.
CLAW, or cle of a beste. Ungula.
CLAWYN', or cracchyn' (scratche,
p.) Scalpo, scrato, grado, CATH.
CLAWYNGE. Scalpitacio.
CLAWSE, or poynte (or clos, p.)
Clausula (clausa, p.)
CLAVSURE, or clos (clawser, p.)3
Clausura.
CLEY. Argilla, glis.
CLEYSTAFFE (cleyke staffe,K.H.p.)4
Cambusca (cambuca, c. F.
H. P.)
CLEYME, or chalaunge. Vendi-
cacio, clameum.
CLEYMARE. Vindicator.
CLEYMYN, supra in CHALENGYN*.
CLEYMYNGE, supra in CLEYME.
CLEYPYTTE. Argillarium, c. F.
CLENCHYDDE (clenched, p.) Re-
tusus, repan&us, CATH.
CLENCHYN'. Retundo, repando,
CATH.
CLENCHYN' a-5en' (in wraw speche,
Y.)or chaueryn' a-3en',forprowde
herte.5 Obgarrio, CATH.
CLENCH YNGE. Retuncio, repancio.
CLENE.S Mundus, purus.
CLENNESSE. Mudicia, puritas.
CLENSYD, as lycoure (or tryid,
K. syyd, H. fyed, P.) supra in
CYEDD.
CLENSYD, or made cleene. Mun-
datus (purificatus, P.)
and do hym in a clene barelle, and stoppe it fast, and rolle it wel ofte si>es, as men don
verious, iii dayes." Palsgrave gives " Clarry wyne, clere." In Norfolk at the present
time any kind of foreign red wine is called claret.
1 " Clarine, cUrouS"* PALSG. Horman says that " a trumpette is streyght, but a
clarion is wounde in and out with an hope." This instrument received its name from
its shrill sounds: it was called in low Latin clario, and Knyghton mentions " clarrion.es
et tubce," as sounding the onset at Cressy, and speaks of them also in his account of the
siege of Paris, by Edward III. A.D. 1360.
2 The verb to scratch, derived by Junius from the Danish, kratse, or the Flemish,
kratsen, was formerly written cracche : see hereafter CRACCHYN. Chaucer speaks of
" cratchinge of chekes," and Piers Ploughman says,
" Al the clergie under Crist
Ne myghte me cracche fro helle,
But oonliche love and leautee." Vision,
3 This term is derived from the Latin, or more directly, perhaps, from the French,.
" closier, petit clos ferme de haies." ROQUEF. Horman says, " These byrdis muste be
kepte in with a rayle, or a closer latis wyse, dathro." See CLOSERE of bokys or o>er
lyke.
4 Cambuca is rendered in the Medulla Grammatice, "a buschoppys cros, or a crokid
staf." See hereafter CROCE of a byschope. The term CLEY-STAFFE seems to be taken
from the similarity of the head of the pastoral staff, in its simplest form, resembling the
ancient lituus, to the claw of an animal, which here, as by Gower, is written cle. " Cley
of a beste, ungula.'1'' CATH. ANG. In Norfolk the pronunciation cleyes is still retained.
5 Chaueryn may be here the same as CHARYN, or geynecopyn, which occurs pre-
viously.
6 Clean formerly signified, not merely external, but also intrinsic purity. " He gave
a senser, and a shyp of clene syluer, argento puro." HORM.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
81
CLENSYN', or make clene. Mundo,
purifico (purgo, depuro, K. P.)
CLENSYN, supra in CYFTYN'.
(Colo, p.)
CLENSYNGE, or powregynge (pur-
chinge, P.) Purificacio.
(CLENSYNGE, or cyyinge, H. cif-
tinge, P. Colatura.)
CLENZON', or declenson' (clensen,
p.) Declinacio.
CLEPYN', (or callyn, K.)1 Voco.
CLEPYN' be name. Nuncupor,
nuncupo.
CLEPYN' A^ENE (ageyne, p.) Ee-
voco.
CLEPYN' yn to a place. Invoco.
CLEPYN owte. Evoco.
CLEPYN to-gedyr. Convoco.
CLEPE to mete. Invito.
CLEPYNGE, or callynge. Vocacio.
CLEPPYN', or clynchyn' (clippyn or
clynkyn, p.) Tinnio, UG.
(CLEPYNG, K. cleppynge, or clyn-
gynge of a bell, H. clinkinge, p.
Tintillacio.)
CLERE, as wedur ys, biyghte (or
brygth, K.) Clarus, serenus.
CLERE, as watur, or o]>er licour.
Limpidus, perspicuus.
CLERE of wytt, and vndyrstond-
y(n)ge. Perspicax, c. F.
CLERGY, or cumpany, or (of, P.)
clerkys.2 Clems, clericatus,
clerimonia.
(CLERGE, or conyng of offyce of
clerkys, K. clergie, or office of
clerkes, H. clergie of office, p.3
Clericatus.)
(CLERGYSE, K. p. Clerimonia.)
CLERYN', or wex (clere or, P.)
bryghte, as wedur. Sereno, cla-
reo.
CLERYN' fro drestys. Desicco
(defico, K. P. CATH.)
CLERYN', or make clere a thynge
J>at ys vnknowe (was vnknowen,
p.) Clarifico, manifesto.
CLERKE. Clericus.
CLERKE of cowntys (a cownt, p.)
Competista.
CLERKELY. Clericaliter.
CLERELY. Clare (perspicue, P.)
CLERENESSE. Claritas, perspi-
cacitas.
CLERENESSE of wedyr. Sere-
nitas.
CLYTE, or clote, or vegge (clete
or wegge, K.) Cuneus, c. F.
CLYFFE, or an hylle (clefe of an
hyll, P.) Declivum.
CLYFF, clyft, or ryfte.4 Sissura,
1 The verb to clepe is commonly used by Robert of Gloucester, Chaucer, Gower, and
other ancient writers ; but as early as the commencement of the XVIth century it
appears to have become obsolete, for Palsgrave gives " I clepe or call, je huysche. This
terme is farre Northern." Ang. S. cleopian, clamare. Forby gives the word as still in
use in Norfolk.
2 " A clerge, derus, clerimonia.'"' CATH. ANG.
3 The word clergy, signifying erudition suitable to the office, in the sense given to the
word in the King's Coll. MS. of the Promptorium, is thus used also in Piers Ploughman's
Vision,
" I asked hir the high way where that clergie dwelt."
See the word clargie, in Jamieson. " Clergie, science, litterature, savoir." ROQUEF.
4 Clift occurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth, to denote what is termed the
fork of the human figure, in the following passage, Arund. MS. 220.
CAMD. SOC. M
82
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
Clitorium, clavicula,
CATH.
CLYMARE. Scansor.
CLYMYN'. Scando.
CLYMYNGE. Scansio.
CLYNGYN', or strykyn' (slirynke,
p.) Eigeo, c. F. CATH.
CLYNYN', or declynyn'. Decline,
CATH. (vario, PO)
(CLYNE, or bowe downe, P.
Declino, incline.')
CLYNKYN, supra in CLYPPY??'
(clynkyn, supra in chymyn, K.)
CLYNKYNGE of a bell, supra in
CLAPPYNGE (clyngkynge, K.)
CLYPPARE. Tonsor, tonsatrix.
CLYPPYN. Tondeo.
CLYPPYNGE.2 Tonsura.
CLYPPYCE of ]>e sonne or money
(clypse, K. p.)3 Eclipsis.
CLYVYN or parte a-sundyr,a(s)men
doone woode. Findo (scindo, P.)
CLYUYNGE, or departynge (cleu-
ynge, P.) Scissura (fissura, P.)
(CLYUE, or ryue by the selfe, p.4
Rimo, risco.)
(CLIUYN to, K. cleve to, P. Ad-
hereo.)
CLYUYNGE to, or fastenynge to a
pynge (cleuynge, p.) Adhesio.
CLOKERRE, or belfray supra (clo-
cherre or bellefrey, K. clocher,
p. clocke hous, w.5 Campanile,
K. classicum, p.)
" Qidsses (hejes) nages (bottokes) cue la fourcheure (>e clift)
Fount graunt eyse pur chiuauchiire (vor ridinge)."
Clough, a deep fissure or ravine, is a name still retained at Lynn, at a spot described
by Forby. Ang. Sax. dough, fissura ad montis clivum. See also cleuch and cleugh in
Jamieson and Brockett's Northern words.
1 "A clekett, davis." CATH. ANG. " Clyket of a dore, dicquette" PALSG. The
French term cliquet, in low Latin cliquetus, seems properly to have signified a latch,
" pessulus versatilis, Gall, loquet." DUC. Thus the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth
renders it.
*' Par cliket et cerure, (lacche and lok)
Ert la mesoun If, plus sure" Arund. MS. 220, f. 302, b.
Chaucer, however, uses the word in the sense that is here given to it, " clavicula^ a
lytel keye." ORTUS. Thus in the Merchant's Tale,
he wold suffre no wight here the key,
Sauf he himself, for of the smal wiket
He bare alway of silver a cliket."
2 " A clippynge, tonsura. A clippynge bowse, tonsoriumS'1 CATH. ANG. In Norfolk
to clip signifies now to shear sheep, and the great annual meeting at Holkham was com-
monly termed the Holkham clip, or clipping. FORBY,
3 " }>e clippys of pe sone and moyne, edypsis. To make clippys, edipticare." CATH.
ANG. Chaucer, comparing the course of love to that of the moon, says that it is like the
planet,
" Now bright, now clipsy of manere,
And whilom dimme and whilom clere."
4 The verbs from CLYUE, to COWRYN, are omitted in the Harleian MS. and are here
given chiefly from the MS. at King's College, Cambridge, and Pynson's edition.
5 This term is derived from the French docker, or the low Latin docherium. It occurs
in the accounts of the Chamberlain of Norwich, among charges for the celebration of the
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOKUM.
83
CLODDED Gleba.
(CLODDYN, or brekyn cloddes, K.
Occo.)
CLOGGE. Truncus.
CLOYSTYR. Claustrum.
(CLOKKYN as hennys, K. clocke, P.
Crispio, frigulo.)
CLOKKYNGE of hennys. Crispi-
atus, c. F. in crispat.
CLOKKE. Horisonium, horologium,
CATH.
CLOOKE (cloke, P.) Annilausa,
(collobium, p.)
CLOOS, or boundys of a place
(clos, p.) Ceptum, ambitus.
CLOOS, lybrary. Archyvum, C.F.
CLOOS, aryerde (or, p.) Clausura.
(CLOSYN, or schettyn, K. shette, P.
Claudo.)
(CLOSYN streytly, K. Detrudo.)
(CLOSYN ABOWTYN, K. aboute, p.
Vallo.)
(CLOSYN IN, K. Include.}
(CLOSYN oute, or schettyn owt,
K. Exclude.)
CLOSETT. Clausella, clausicula.
(CLOSED. Clausus, p.)
CLOSYD, clausyd, or closyd yn'.2
Inclusus.
CLOSYD owte. Exclusus, seclusus.
CLOSPE. Offendix, firmaculum,
signaculum, CATH.
CLOSERE (closure, p.) of bokys, or
o]?er lyke.3 Clausura, cooper-
torium.
CLOTE, herbe. Lappa bardana,
c. F. lappa rotunda (glis, P.)
(CLOTERYN, as blode, or other
lyke, K. cloderyn, P. Coagulo.)
CLOTHE. Pannus.
CLOTHE woudon' (wouyn, K. H. p.)
with dyuers colours. Stroma, vel
pannus stromaticus. CATH.
CLOWCHYN', or clowe (clowchun,
exequies of Henry VIII. A.D. 1547, where a payment appears "to the Clarks of Cryste
Churche, for ryngyng the clocher bells." Blomf. Hist. ii. 155.
1 " A clotte, cespis, occarium. To clotte, occare. A clottynge malle, occatorium,"
CATH. ANG. " Occo, glebas frangere, to clotte." ORTUS. In the Medulla, Harl. MS. 2257,
occur " gUbariut, a clotte mailer. Gleba est durus cespes cum herla, an harde klotte."
Palsgrave gives the verb to clodde as signifying the formation, and not the breaking up of
clods. " To clodde, go in to heapes, or in to peces, as the yerthe dothe, amonceler.
This yerthe clotteth so faste that it must be broken. To clodde, figer, fortier, congeler."
Compare CLOTERYN.
2 A note, copied by Hearne from a copy of the Promptorium, states that the compiler
of the work was "/rater Ricardiis Fraunces, inter guatuor parietes pro Christo inclusus.'l't
See Hearne's Glossary to Langtoft's Chron. under the word Nesshe. If, however, it had
been true that he had belonged to the order of Anchorites, who were called inclusi,
or redusi, it seems probable that some indication of the fact would have here occurred.
The dwelling of the Anchorite, domus inclusi, or dusorium, appears to have often
immediately adjoined the church, and is doubtless in many instances still to be dis-
tinguished. The ritual for his benediction will be found in Martene, Antiq. Kit. lib. iii.
c. 3. Palsgrave gives the verb "to close up in a wall, or bytwene walles, emmurer.
Cannest thou fynde in thy herte to be an Anker, to be closed up in a wall ?" See here-
after RECLUSE.
3 Compare CLAUSURE, or clos. Jamieson gives closeris, enclosures, and closerris, which
he conjectures may signify clasps. In Norfolk Forby observes that the cover of a book is
called clodger, which he supposes to be derived from the French, closier, as the term
codger is corrupted from cosier, a cobler.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
H. clewe, P.) Glomus, globus,
Dice, glomicilltts, UG. in garma.
CLOWDE of be skye (clowde, or
skye, K. H.)1 Nubes, nubecula.
CLOWDY, or fulle of clowdys
(skyys, K.) Nubidus.
CLOWE of garlykke (cloue of gar-
lek, or other lyke, P.) Costula.
CLOWE, spyce. Gariofolus.
CLOWYS, water schedynge (clowse,
watyrkepyng, K. clowze, H,
clowse, water shettinge, p.)2
Sinogloatorium.
CLOWTE of clothe (cloute or
ragge.) Scrutum, panniculus,
pannucia.
CLOWTE of a schoo.3 Pictasium, UG.
(CLOWTYN, K. Sarcio, CATH. re-
brocco, repecio.')
(CLOUT disshes, pottes, pannes, p.
Crusco.)
CLOWTER, or cobelere. Sartorius,
rebroccator (pictaciarius, p.)
CLOWTER of clothys. Sartorius,
sartor, sartrix.
CLOWTYD, as clothys. Sartus,
repeciatus.
CLOWTYD, as shoone, or ofer
thyngys of ledyr. Pictaciatus,
rebroccatus.
CLOWTYNGE of clothys. Sartura.
CLOWTYNGE, or coblynge. Re-
broccacio.
(CLOWTYNGE of shone, K. Pic-
tacio.)
(CLOTH YN, K. Vestio, induo.)
(CLO]?ID, supra in CLADDE, K. H.)
CLOTHYNGE, dede. Induicio.
CLOTH YNGE, or garment. Indu-
mentum^ vestimentum.
CLUBBYD staffe (clubbe, staffe,
H, P.) Fustis, CATH.
CLUBBYD, or boystows. Rudis.
CLEWE, supra in CLOWCHYNGE.4
CLUSTYR of grapys (closter, P.)
Botrus, racemus, UG.
Coo, byrde, or schowhe.5 Mone-
dula, nodula.
COBLER, supra in CLOWTERE.
COBYLLSTONE, or cherystone. Pe-
trilla (ceripetra, lapis cerasi-
nus, ceramus, P.)
COCATRYSE. Basiliscus, coco-
drillus.
COCUR, boote (cokyr bote, H. p.6)
Ocrea, coturnus, KYLW. c. F.
1 Compare hereafter SKYE, nubes. The word skye is thus used both by Chaucer and
Gower, to signify a cloud. Ang. Sax. skua, umbra, Su. G. sky, nubes.
2 CLAWYS, MS. " A clowe of flodejate, singlocitorium, gurgustiumS'1 CATH. ANG.
The term clowys appears to be taken from the French ecluse. See the word clouse, in
Jamieson.
3 "A clowte of yrne, crusla, crusta ferrea, et cetera ubi plate." CATH. ANG. In Norfolk
the terms cleat and clout signify an iron plate with which a shoe is strengthened. FORBY.
Ang. Sax. elect, clut, pittacium, lamina. Palsgrave gives the verb " to cloute, carreler,
rateceller. I had nede go cloute my shoes, they be broken at the heles."
" To wynde clowys, glomerare." CATH. ANG. A. Sax. cleow, glomus.
5 The chough or jackdaw, called in the Eastern counties a caddow. See before
CADAW, or keo, or chowghe, and hereafter KOO, bryd, or schowghe. " Monedula, coo."
Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587. " A ka, monedula." CATH. ANG. " Nodulus, a kaa." ORT. voc.
Ang. Sax. ceo, comix.
6 The coarse half-boot used by rustics was called a cocur, and the term cocker is still
used in the North of England, but properly signifies gaiters or leggings, and even
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
85
COKERYNGE, or grete chers-
chy(n)ge (ouer greate cherys-
shinge, p.) Focio, nutricio,
carefocus (carifotus, P.)
(CoKERYN, p. Carifoveo.y
(COKYRMETE, K. K.2 Cenum,
lutum, CATH.)
CODDE, of frute, or pesecodde.
Siliqua.
CODDE, of mannys pryuyte (preuy
membris, p.) Piga, mentula
(testiculus,fiscus, P.)
CUDDE, of bestys chewynge (cod
of bestys, or chewynge, P.) Ru-
CODE, sowters wex (coode, H. p.)3
Coresina (cerisina, p.)
CODDYD CORNE (coddis, P.) Lu-
gumen.
CODLYNGE, fysche. Morus, et
nota quod sic dicitur quia
morose nature fertur.
CODULLE, fysche.4 Sepia, UG. bel-
ligo (lolligo, p.) UG. in lolium.
COFYN'.S Cophynus, c. F.
COFUR. Cista.
COGGE of a mylle. Scariolallum.
(DICC. P.)
(COGGYN a mylle, P. Scario-
ballo.)
coarse stockings without feet, used as gaiters. In a MS. of the Medulla in the Editor's
possession, Cnlponeus is rendered "a carl stoghe," (in the Ortus "a chorles shoo,")
with this additional explanation, " vel a Cokyr, ut dicit Campus florum." Piers
Ploughman speaks of his " cokeres," Vision, line 3915, and they may be seen in the
curious drawing in a MS. of the Poem in the Library Trin. Coll. Cant, an engraving
from which is given in Shaw's Dresses. Elyot gives " Carpatince, ploughmen's bootes
made of vntanned lether, they maye be called cokers. Peronatus, he that weareth rawe
lether shoen, boteux, or cokars lyke a ploughman." Librarie, 1542.
1 Junius compares this word with the Dutch, kokerillen, celebrare hilaria, but Lye
is inclined to trace its etymology to the Welsh, cocr, indulgens. The use of the term
is fully illustrated by* Palsgrave. " To coker, cherysshe to moche, mignotter. This
boye canne never thriue, he is cokered so moche. To coker, bring up with daynty
meates, affriander, affrioller. Coker hym up thus in his youthe, and you shall haue a
fayre caulfe of hym shortly." See below, COOKERYNGE METE.
2 This singular term was given most erroneously in the printed editions of the Promp-
torium ; Pynson printed it Ckyrmete, Julian Notary Chyimete, and W. de Worde
Chymette. It appears to relate to the kind of rustic boot called here a cocur, and cokyr ;
but the whimsical application of such a term to clay is wholly unaccountable.
3 Among numerous instances, resin, grease, and herbs, mentioned in the curious
directions for making a good " entreet," or plaster to heal wounds, occurs " Spaynisch
code." Sloan. MS. 100, f. 17.
4 Elyot renders " Sepia, a fyshe called a cuttell. Loligo, a fyshe whiche hath his
head betwene his feete and his bealy, and hath also two bones, oone lyke a knyfe, the
other lyke a penne." The Sepia qfficinalis, which is found commonly on the coasts of
Britain, is not properly a fish, but belongs to Cuvier's great division of Molluscous
animals, and the class of Cephalopodes. Ang. Sax. cudele, sepia. See hereafter, COTULL.
5 The primary meaning of the word cofyn seems to have been, as in Latin and French,
a basket, and is thus used in the Wicliffite version, which renders Matt. xiv. 20, " Thei
token the relifis of broken gobetis, twelve cofyns full.'' Elyot renders " Tibin, a
baskette or coffyn made of wyckers or bull rushes, or barke of a tree ; such oone was
Moyses put in to by the daughter of Pharao." The term also implied a raised crust, as
for a pie or a custard, and occurs in this sense in Shakespeare. See also the Forme of
Cury, pp. 72, 83, 89. Palsgrave gives " Coffyn, grant boiste."
86
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
COGBOOTE (cokbote, p.) Scafa.
COY, or sobyr. Sobrius, modestus.
COYFE, supra in CAPPED Tena,
corocallum (carocallum, p.)
capicella, COMM. KYLW.
COYLY, or sobyiiy. Modeste.
(CoYYN, K. P.2 Blandior.}
COYNGE, or st(y)rynge to werkyn'
(sterynge to done a werke, K.
styringe, P.) Instigacio.
COYTER, or caster of a coyte. Pe-
treludus (petriludarius, K. p.)
COYTE. Petreluda.
(COYTYN, K. Petriludo.)
COKKEBYRDE. GdlluS.
COOKE (coke, K. p.) mete dytare.
Cocus, coquinarius.
COKKROWYNGE, tyme (cokcrow,
tyme, K.) Gallicinium^ galli-
cantus, UG. in castrio.
COK BELLE. Nola, campanella,
bulla, BRIT.
COKNAY (cokeney, K.)3 Cari-
fotus, cucunellus, fotus, c. F.
delicius, et sunt nomina deri-
sorie ficta, et inventa (lauticius,
carenutus, coconellus, K. lu-
cimellus, p.)
COKYR, botew, supra. Cocurus.
COKERELLE. Gallus (gallimellus,
galluluSj CATH. gallinacius, p.)
COOKERYNGE METE.4 CarifictO.
COCLE, fysche (cokyll, p.) Coclea.
COKYLLE, wede.5 Nigella, lol-
lium, zizannia, CATH. (gitt, p.)
COKOLDE. Ninerus.
COKKYS combe. Cirrus.
COLLEGE. Collegium.
COOLDE (colde, P.) Frigidus.
COOLDE, substantyfe. Frigus,
algor.
COOLDER, schuldere (coldyr,
K. H. P.) Petrosa, petro.
COLE of fyre, brynnynge. Pruna.
1 " A coyfe, pilliits, pilleolus, apex, galerus. Versus, Pillius est juvenum, peregri-
numqne galerum." CATH. ANG. See above, the note on CAPPE, or hure.
2 Chaucer usea the verb to " acoie," in the sense of making quiet ; in Spenser it sig-
nifies to caress, and also to daunt. Palsgrave gives " to coye, styll, or apayse, acguoyser"
The derivation is evidently from the French quoi, quietus, now written coi.
" A coknay, amlro, mammotrophus, delicius. Versus, Delicius gui deliciis a
matre nutritur." CATH. ANG. The term coknay appears in the Promptorium to imply
simply a child spoiled by too much indulgence ; thus likewise in the Medulla, " Mam-
motrophus, qui diu sugit. Mammotrophus mammam longo qui tempore servat, Kokenay
dicatur, noster sic sermo notatur." There can be little doubt that the word is to be
traced to the imaginary region " ihote Cokaygne," described in the curious poem
given by Hickes, Gramm. A. Sax. p. 231, and apparently translated from the French.
Compare " le Fabliaus de Coquaigne." Fabl. Barbazan et Meon. iv. 175. Palsgrave
gives the verb " To bring up lyke a cocknaye, mignotter ; " and Elyot renders " delicias
facere, to play the cockney." " Dodeliner, to bring vp wantonly, as a cockney."
Hollyband's Treasurie. See also Baret's Alvearie. Chaucer uses the word as a term
of contempt, and it occasionally signifies a little cook, coquinator. See further in
Douce's Illustrations, King Lear ; and Brand's Popular Antiquities, notes on Shrove
Tuesday.
4 This word occurs here as a substantive. See above, COKERYNGE.
5 " Cokylle, q^tedam aborigo, zazannia." CATH. ANG. It would seem that Chaucer
considered the term Lollard as derived from lollium. See hereafter, LOLLARDE.
6 Colder in the dialect of Norfolk signifies " broken ears of corn mixed with frag-
ments of straw, beaten off by the flail ; " and in Suffolk the " light ears and chaff left
in the caving sieve, after dressing corn, are termed colder, or cosh." See Forb'y, and
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
87
COLE, qwenchyd. Carbo, OATH.
COOLDE, (cole, P.) or sum-what
colde. Algidus, c. F.
(CoLE, or sum what colde, K. p.
Algor.)
(CoLYN, or kelyn, K. Frig ef ado.)
COLLERE. Collare, collarium.
COLLER of howndys. Millus,
CATH. in millo.
COLLER of horsys. Epiphium.
COLLER of a garment. Patagium,
CATH. UG. in pateo.
COLLER, or lyue(rey) (of leuery,
K. of lyvery, H. p.)1 Torques.
COLLERYDE. Torquatus.
COLETTE, propyr name (Collet,
p.) Colecta.
COOLYD, of heete. Frigefactus.
COLYKE, sekenesse. Collica pas-
si o.
COLYER, or colyfere (colyjer, H.
coler, P.) Carbonarius.
COOLYNGE. Frigefaccio, refri-
geracio, refrigerium.
Moore. Pelro signifies the clippings of stone. " Petrones sunt particule que abscin-
duntur de petris." CATH.
1 The usage of distributing year by year a robe, or some external token of adherence
to the service or interests of the personage by whom such general retainer was granted,
appears to have commenced during the XHIth century. The gift, whether a robe, a
hood, or other outward sign, was termed a livery, lilerata, and the practice was carried to
so pernicious an extent, that various statutes passed in the reigns of Edward III. Ri-
chard II. and Henry IV. by which the use of liveries was restricted or regulated. Mr.
Beltz, in his curious article on the Collars of the King's Livery, Retrosp. Review, N. S.
ii. 500, states that the first instance on record of conferring such marks of distinction
in England is in 1390, when Richard II. distributed his cognisance of the white hart,
but the assertion copied from Anstis, that it was pendant from a collar of broom-cods,
does not appear to rest on any authority. This collar was, however, presented in 1393
to Richard II. and his three uncles by Charles VI. King of France, whose cognisance it
was. Such a " colare del livere du Roi de Fraunce " is mentioned in the Inventories of
the Exchequer Treasury, vol. iii. 357. See Mr. 3. G. Nichols's interesting observations
on the Effigies of Richard II. and his Queen, Archseol. xxix. 46. The earliest notice
of collars of livery, that has been observed, occurs in Rot. Parl. iii. 313, where it appears
that when John of Gaunt returned in 1389 from the wars in Spain and Gascony,
Richard took his uncle's " livere de coler " from his neck, and wore it himself; that it
was also worn by some of the King's retinue; and that Richard declared in Parliament
that he wore it in token of affection, as likewise he wore the liveries of his other uncles.
It is not improbable that this livery of the Duke of Lancaster's was the collar of letters
of SS, subsequently adopted by Henry IV. as his livery, the origin of which is still
involved in obscurity. This device had been in use many years before his accession,
and as early as 1378 Sir John de Foxle, whose will is preserved in Bishop Wykeham's
Register at Winchester, bequeathed " Monile auri, cum S literd sculpta et amelitd in
eodem." The livery of Henry V. during the life-time of his father, was a swan, adopted
doubtless in token of his descent from the Bohun family ; the Stat. 2 Hen. IV. c. 21,
contains a clause " que Monseigneur le Prince purra doner sa honorable liveree del
Cigne as seigneurs et a ses meignalx gentilx ; " and such were probably the " Colers
d* argent de la livere du Hoy," which are enumerated in the Inventories of the effects of
Henry V. taken at his decease, 1423. Rot. Parl. iv. 214. Henry VI. used a collar
formed of broom-cods and the letter S alternately, and Edward IV. adopted as his li-
very a collar of suns and roses, to which a white lion was appended. There is no evi-
dence that collars of livery were ever distributed by subjects, excepting the Princes of
the blood.
88
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(COLYSSHE, disshe mete, p.)1
CoLYTTE.2 Accolitus, cerofera-
rius, OATH.
COLMOSE, byrde.3 Alcedo.
COLLOPPE. Frixatura, UG. in
frigo, assa, NECCH. carbona-
cium, KYLW. carbonella, UG.
COLOWRE. Color.
COLORYD. Coloratus.
( COLOR YN, K. colowren, p. Coloro.)
COOLE RAKE (colrake, H. p.)4
Restellum, batillum, OATH. c. F.
COLTE (or fole, P.) yonge horse.
Pullus.
COLWYD (colowde, p.)5 Carbonatus.
COLWYNGE (colowynge, p.) Car-
bonizacio.
COLUMBYNE, herbe. Columbina.
COLUMNE of a lefe (of a boke, p.)
Columna.
COMBE, for kemynge. Pecten.
COMBE, or other lyke of byrdys,
supra in COKKYS.
COMBE, of curraynge, or horse
combe. Strigilis, c. F.
COMBE, of hony. Favus.
(COMAWNDYN, or byddyn, K.
Mando,jubeo, impero, hortor.}
COMMAWNDEMENT. Mandatumt
preceptum.
COMMAWNDEMENT of a kynge.
Mundiburdium, c. F. (edictum,
*•)
COMMAWNDOUR. Preceptor, man-
dator.
(COMBYNYN, or copulyn, K. coplyn,
p. Combino, copulo.)
COMELY, or semely in syghte.
Decens.
COMELY, or semely, or well far-
ynge in schappe. Elegans.
COMELYD, for colde.6 Eviratus.
1 " A culice, morticium.'" CATH. ANG. In the collection of Recipes, dated 1381,
printed with the Forme of Cury, will be found one " for to make a Colys,'* which was
a sort of invigorating chicken broth. See p. 94, and Preface, p. xvii. where will be
found references for further information on the subject. The term is French, Cotgrave
gives " Coulis, a cullis or broth of boiled meat strained, fit for a sick body." See the
words collice in Junius, and cullis in Nares' Glossary.
2 Of the minor orders in the Christian church, the fourth is that of acolyte, suc-
ceeded immediately by that of subdeacon, the first of the greater orders. The functions
of the acolyte, consisting chiefly in attendance on the services of the altar, will be found
detailed by Martene, or Ducange. By the writers of the XVIth century the orders of
" benet and colet " are mentioned not infrequently together. See above BENETT, ordyr,
Exorcista. " Accolitus, serviens in, tnissa habens ordinem, a collect. Acholiius Grece,
ceroferarius Latine, a colet." ORTUS.
3 "A collemase, alcedo." CATH. ANG. "Alcedo est quedam avis que ceteris avilus
sedulius alit pullos. Anglice, a seemewe." ORTUS. Ang. Sax. colmase, parula.
fc, 4 "A colrake, trulla, verriculum." CATH. ANG. Elyot gives " Hutabulum, a coole
rake to make cleane an oven." See Comenius, orbis sensualium, by Hoole, p. 113.
5 '« To colowe, make blacke with a cole, charbonner." PALSG. Forby gives the verb
to collar, as used in Norfolk in the same sense. In other parts of England the expres-
sion to collowe or colly is retained. Shakespeare in Mid. Night's Dream applies the
epithet " colly 'd " to the night. See Nares.
6 See above the note on A-COMELYD for coulde. Cumbled still signifies in Norfolk
cramped or stiffened with cold ; cumbly-cold denotes great severity of weather. See
Forby, and the word cumber, or benumbed with cold, in Jamieson. In the Wicliffite ver-
sion a-clumsid occurs in the same sense : " We herden J?e fame J>erof, our hondis ben
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
89
COMELYDNESSE. Eviracio.
COMLYNESSE, or seemelynesse.
Decencia, elegancia.
COMELYNGE, new cum man or
woman.1 Adventicius, inquilinus.
(COMENDYN, or gretyn, K. recom-
ende, P. Recommendo, com-
mendo.)
(COMENDYN, or preysyn, K. Lau-
do, commendo.}
COMERAWNCE. VeXdClO.
(COMEROUS, p. Vexativus, vexu-
lentus.}
COMET sterre, or blasynge sterre.
Cometa, vel Stella comata.
COMYN', SEEDE. (Ciminum, p.)
COMYNGE TOO. Adventus.
COMYS, of malte (coinys, p.)2
Paululata, KYLW. (pululata,
K. p.)
(COMUNYN, or make comowne, K.
com on or make comon, p. Com-
munico.}
(COMOUNE, or talke with another
in cmnpany, or felawshepe, H.
comon, P. Communico.)
COMOWNTE (comnavnte, K. coue-
naunte, p.)3 Communitas,
COMOWNE. Communis.
COMOWNLY. Communiter.
COMOWNE, pepylle. Vulgus.
COMOWNE ]>ynge, or comown
goode. Res publica.
COMPERE, falawe (compyre, P.)
Compar, coequalis.
COMPLAYNTE. Querimonia. COMM.
querela.
COMPLEXIONE. Complexio.
COMMUNYONE (the, p.) sacrament,
Communio.
(COMPOSTYN, or dungyn, P.
Stercoro.)
CON ABLE, accordynge.4 Compe-
tens.
CONABLY, or competently.4 Com-
petenter.
CONCEYTE. Conceptus.
(CONCEYUYN, K. CoilClplO.)
CONCEYUYNGE. ConcepClO.
(CONIECTEN, P. Moliior.)
CONSENT, or grawnte. Assensus
(consensus. P.)
(CONCENTYN, or grawntyn, K.
Consencio, assencio.)
CONSCIENCE. Consciencia.
CoNDYCYONE. Conditio.
a-clumsid, tribulacioun haj> take us," Jerem. vi. 24; and the expression " thou clom-
sest for cold " is found in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, line 9010. " Clumsyd, evi-
ratus. Cumbyrd, ubi clumsyd." CATH. ANG. In the curious translation of Vegecius,
Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that a fleet should not venture to sea after the autumnal
equinox, when " the see is looke and shit up, and men bethe combered and clommed
with colde." B. iv. c. 39.
1 In the Wicliffite version the following passages occur : " A comelynge which
is a pilgrim at 3ou." Levit. xviii. 26; "Most dere, I biseche you as comelingis and
pilgryms." 1 Pet. ii. 11. The following expression occurs in Trevisa's translation of
Higden's Polychronicon, in reference to the use of the French language in Britain ;
" the langage of Normandie is a comlynge of another lande," in the original " adven-
titia." " Accida, Anglice a comlynge." ORTUS. " Accola, advetia, a comelinge."
MED. QRAMM. " A cumlynge, advena.""1 CATH. ANG. Ang. Sax. cumling, advena.
" Cummynge as malte, germinatus." CATH. ANG.
" A commontye, vulgus, populus, gens, plebs." CATH. ANG.
4 Jamioson derives the word from the Latin conabilis, what may be attempted with
prospect of success.
CAMD. SOC. \
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
(CONYN, or hauyn conynge, K.1
Scto.)
CONFESSYONE. Coilfessio.
CONFECTYON' of spyces (confexion,
H. p. spysery, K.) Confeccio.
CONFLYCTE of verre (or werre,
K. p.) Conflictus.
CONFUSYONE, or schame. Confusio.
(CONGELLYN, K. Congelo.)
CONY. Cuniculus.
CONYYS hole. Cunus, CATH.
(cania, p.)
CUNNYNGE, or scyence.2 Sciencia.
(CONYNGE, or wytt, K. wytty, P.
Sciens.)
CONNYNGERE, or connynge erthe.3
Cuniculurium.
COONYONE, or drowtly (conione or
dwerhe, K. conione or dwerwe, H.
congeon or dwerfe, P.)4 Sessillus.
COYNOWRE, or coynesmytare.5
Nummularius.
CONIURACYON', or coniurynge.
Conjuracio.
1 " To cone, to cunne, scire." CATH. ANG. " Cognoscere, scientiam habere, to
conne." ORTUS. To conne is used in this sense by Chaucer, and in the Wicliffite ver-
sion, 1 Cor. ii. 2, is rendered thus, " I deeme not me to kunne ony thing." Caxton
remarks in the Boke for Travellers, "It is a good thyng to conne a good craft,
scavoir." So likewise in the Legenda Aurea, f. 92, b. " O who sholde conne shewe
hereupon the secretes of thyne herte ! " Palsgrave gives " to konne, learne or knowe,
scavoir. I can konne more by herte in a day, than he can in a weke ; " and " to conne
thanke, or can one good thanke, scavoir bon gre." "Thou shalt kun me thanke."
HORM. See Jamieson. Ang. Sax. connan, scire.
2 " A connynge, scientia, facultas.'1'' CATH. ANG. " Connynge is of that thou haste
lerned the memory or mynde, and reteyneth that thou sholdest forgete." Legenda
Aurea, f. 53. Ang. Sax. cunning, experientia.
3 This word is used by Lydgate in the Concords of Company, Minor Poems, p. 174.
" With them that ferett robbe conyngerys."
Among the Privy Purse expenses of Henry VII. is a payment in 1493, " for making of
the Conyngerthe pale." Herman observes that " warens and conygers and parkis
palydde occupie moche grounde nat inhabitaunt, leporaria sive lagotrophia." Elyot
gives " Vivarium, a counnyngar, a parke ; " and Thomas, in his Italian Grammar,
1548, uses the word to denote a pleasance, or inclosed garden, " Horti di Venere, the
womans secrete connyngers." " Cony garthe, garenne. Cony hole or clapar, tais-
niere, terrier, dappier." PALSG. In the Paston Letters, iv. 426, the term " konyne
closse " occurs in the same sense. In almost every county in England, near to ancient
dwelling-places, the name Coneygare, Conigree, or Coneygarth occurs, and various con-
jectures have been made respecting its derivation, which, however, is sufficiently obvious.
See Mr. Hartshorne'e observations on names of places, Salopia Antiqua, p. 258.
* Coinoun, or konioun, occurs in Kyng Alisaunder, and is explained by Weber as
signifying coward, or scoundrel, from the French coion, which has that meaning.
" Alisaundre ! thou coinoun wode." line 1718.
" Pes ! quoth Candace, thou konioun ! " line 7748.
Here, however, the word seems merely to signify a dwarf. See hereafter DWEROWE.
8 The first record of a mint at Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, occurs
in 9th John, 1208, but there was possibly one in earlier times, and the name occurs on
the coins of Edgar. Parkins supposes that it fell into disuse about 1344, 18 Edw. III.;
and he states that the Bishop of Norwich had also a mint there, but the fact is ques-
tionable. See Blomefiel'l's Hist. Norf. iv. p. 582, and Ruding's Annals of the Coinage,
ii. 198.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
91
(CONQUERYN, K. ConquerO, CATH.)
CONQUESTE, or conquerynge.
Conquestus.
CONSTYTUCYONE. ConStltUCW.
(CONSTREYNYN, K. Compello,
cogOj coarceo, arto, urgeo.)
CONSTREYNYNGE. CoaCClO, ar-
tacio, compulsio.
CONSTRUARE. Constructor.
CONSTRUCCYON', or construynge.
Construccio.
(CONSTRUYN, K. H. ConStrUO,
CATH.)
CONTAGYOWS, or grevows to dele
wythe. Contagiosus.
CONTEMPLACYONE. Contempla-
cio.
(CONTEYNYN, hauyn or kepyn
wit-innyn, K. kepe within, p.
Contineo.}
CONTEYNYD (or within holdyn, H.
holde, P.) Contentus.
CONTEYNYNGE. Contmencia.
CONTRARYOWS. Contrarius.
CONTRARYOWSNESSE.
rietas.
CONTRYCYON, or sorow for synne.
Contricio.
CONTYNUALLY, or allway (con-
tynuyngly, p.) Continuo.
CONTYNUYD, kepte wythe-owte
cessynge (brekynge, P.) Con-
tinuatus.
(CONTYNUYN, lestyn, or abydyn,
K. Continuo.)
CONTYNUYNGE. Continuacio.
COPPE, or coper of a other thynge
(top of an hey thyng, K. coppe of
an hye thinge, p.)1 Cctcumen.
COOPE (cope, K.H. cape, w.)2 Capa.
COPEROSE Vitriola.
COPORNE, or coporour of a thynge
(coperone, K. H. coperun, p.)3
Capitellum.
1 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1587, gives " summitas, coppe,"
namely, of a steeple. In the Wicliffite version, Luke iv. 29 is thus rendered, "And
they ledden him to the coppe of the hil, on which her cytee was bildid, to cast him
down.*' The crest on a bird's head likewise was thus termed, " Cop, cirrus, cm'sta,
est avium ut galli vel alaude." CATH. ANG. The gloss on Grautier de Bibelesworth ex-
plains " geline hupee, coppede hen;" and Elyot gives " Stymphalide, a coppe of
fethers, whiche standeth on the head of a byrde." In Norfolk, the term copple-crown
still has this meaning. Horman says, " Somtyme men were coppid cappis like a sugar-
lofe," and uses the term " a cop-heedyd felowe, cilo," which is explained by Elyot as
having a great round forehead ; and again, " Homer, declaryng a very folysshe and au
haskard felowe under the person of Thersyte, sayth that he was copheeded lyke a gygge,
vertice acuminato." Cotgrave renders " pignon, a finiall, cop, or small pinnacle on the
ridge of a house." The epithet is applied to the pointed shoe, or poleyn, in fashion
in the XVth century. "Milieus, a copped shoo." ORTUS. Ang. Sax. cop, apex,
3 See above CAPPE, capa. This sacred vestment commonly called a cope, the wearing
of which has fallen into disuse, excepting at coronations, is by the Canons of the Re-
formed Church directed to be worn at the celebration of the communion in cathedral
and collegiate churches. See Queen Elizabeth's Advertisements, A.D. 1564, Wilkins'
Cone. IV. p. 248, and the Ecclesiastical Constitutions, or Canons, A.D. 1604, ibid,
p. 383.
3 The Catholicon explains capitellum as signifying merely the capital of a column,
but in the Medulla it is rendered " sum ma pars capitis ;" and in this sense, coporne
signifying the apex or pinnacle, the work with which a tower, or any ornamental con-
struction, is crowned, may perhaps be regarded as a diminutive of coppe. The term
occurs in a curious description of a castle, written about the time of Richard. II.
92
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
COPY of a thynge wretyn'. Copia.
(COPYYN, K. Copio.)
COPYYD. Copiatus.
COPYOWSE, or plentevows. Co-
piosus,
COPYR, metalle. Cuprum.
CORAGE, or craske (cranke, p.)1
Crassus, coragiosus.
CORAGENESSSE, or craskenesse (co-
ragiowsnesse, or cranknesse, p.)
Crassitude.
CORALLE, stone. Corallus.
CORALLE, or drasse of corne
(coralys or drosse, K. p. coralyys,
or dros, H.)2 Acus, UG. c. F.
rusculum, ruscus vel ruscum,
UG. in ruo. CATH.
CORE ELL of a roffe. Tigillus,
KYLW.
CORCET, or coote. Tunica, tu-
nicella, c. F.
CORCY, or corercyows.3 Corpu-
lentus.
CORCYOWSE, or grete belyydde.
Ventricosus.
CORCYOWSNESSE. Corpulencia.
COORDE, roope. Cordula.
CORDYD, or accordyde. Concor-
datus.
CORDWANE, ledyr (cordwale le-
thir, K.)4 Aluta.
CORDWANER. Alutarius.
COORDONE (cordone, p.)5 Nicetri-
um (nicetorium, p.) amteonites,
" Fayre fylyolej that fyjed, and ferlyly long,
With coruon coprounes crafty ly sle3e."
Gawayn and the Grene Kny^t, line 797.
A round tower appears to have had the appellation of a fyell, a phioll, or fylyole, not
as Ruddiman conjectures, from fiola, a vial, but from phala. " Fala, a tour of tre."
MED. GRAMM. In the description of Belshazzar's feast, in another poem of the same
time, cited by Sir F. Madden in his notes on Sir Gawayn, it is said of the covered cups
which were fashioned like embattled castles,
" The coperounes of the canacles, that on the cuppe reres,
Wer fetysely formed out in fylyoles longe."
Cott. MS. Nero, A. x. f. 77.
1 See hereafter CRASKE, or fryke of fatte, a word which seems to be derivable as a
corruption from crasms, or the French eras. Crank, which occurs here in the printed
editions of the Promptorium, usually signifies sickly or feeble, but in Kent and Sussex
it has the sense of merry or brisk ; the reading is, however, questionable, as the word
crank does not occur in these editions subsequently, but craske, as in the MSS.
2 " Acus, coralle." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587. " Curailles de maisons, the dust, filth,
sweepings, or cleansing of houses." COTG. See DRAFFE hereafter.
3 " Corsy, corpulentus." CATH. ANG. " Corcyfe, corpsu. Corsyfe, to full of fatnesse,
corsu, corpulent." PALSG. Elyot gives " Pinguis, he that is fat, corsye, unweldye."
4 Chaucer, in the Rime of Sir Thopas, mentions " his shoon of cordewane ; " and
in the Boke for Travellers Caxton speaks of " hydes of kyen whereof men make lether;
of fellis of gheet, or of the bukke make men good cordewan ; of shepes fellis may be
made the basenne." The kind of leather to which this name was applied was originally
prepared at Corduba, and thence, according to Junius and Menage, received the ap-
pellation.
The Medulla gives " Nicetrum, tokene of overcomynge." Harl. MS. 2257. The
Catholicon gives the following explanation, " dicuntur Niceteria filateria, guce ges-
tabant athletce, facto, de summitatibv s armorum, quce a, victis acceperant."" See Du-
cange.
.PBOMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
93
c. F. victoriale. c. F. dicit s/c,
Nicetoria sunt et victo-
rialia nicetoria sunt ornamenta.
CORE, of frute. Arula.
CORY, schepherdys howse.1 Ma-
gale, mapale, CATH.
CORYOWRE. Coriarius, cerdo.
CORYOWSE, of crafte. Curiosus,
(artificiosus, p.)
CURYOSTE, or curyosite (coriouste,
p.) CuriositaS) artificiositas.
CORKTRE. Suberies, UG. in suo.
CORKBARKE. Cortex, UG. in suo.
CORMERAWNTE. Corvus mari-
nus, KYLW. cormeraudus, mor-
plex, c. F.
CORMUSE, pype (cornymuse, p.)2
Cormusa.
CORNE. Granum, gramen.
CORNE, wliyle hyt growythe. Seges.
(CoRNE, that is grene, P. Bla-
dum.)
COORNE, or harde knott in J>e
flesche. Cornicallus.
(CORNEL, H. p. Frontispicium.)
CORNERE (or hyrne, H. P.) An-
gulus.
CORNERYD. Angulatus.
CORONALLE. Corolla, COMM.
CATH. coronulla, UG.
COROVVNE (corone, K.) Corona.
COROWNYDE. Coronatus.
(COROWNYN, K. P. CorOWO.)
COROWNYNGE, or coronacyon.
Coronacio.
CORPHUN (corpchun herynge, H.P.)
CORPORASSE, or corporalle.3 Cor-
porate.
1 In N. Britain a temporary building or shed is called a corf, or corf-house, signi-
fying, as Jamieson observes, a hole or hiding place, Ang. Sax. cruft, crypta, or perhaps
approaching most nearly to Isl. korbae, tugu'riolum. The floating basket used on the
Suffolk coast to keep lobsters, is called, as Forby states, a corf or coy ; and it seems
possible that this appellation may have been given to the shepherd's hut, from its being
formed with wattles, like a rudely-fashioned basket. Caxton, in the Boke for Tra-
vellers, calls a basket a " corffe, or mande."
2 A distinction seems to be made in the Promptorium between the COUMUSE and
the BAGGE-PYPE, panduca, a word which has occurred previously. Chaucer speaks
of the great multitude that he saw in the House of Fame,
" That made loud Minstralcies
In cornmuse and shalmies." Book iii.
In the Romance of the Rose he describes the discordant sounds produced by Wicked
Tongue " with hornepipes of cornewaile," evidently identical with the cornmuse.
Palsgrave renders " Bagge-pype, cornemuse," in low Latin, " cornemusa, vox ab
Jtalis et Hispanis usurpata, uter symphoniacus.'1'' Due. Hawkins has given in the
Hist, of Music, vol. ii. 453, a representation of the cornamusa or bagpipe, copied from
the Musurgia of Luscinius, published at Strasburg, 1536. Dr. Burney observes that
" the cornmuse was the name of a horn or Cornish pipe, blown like our bagpipe."
Vol. ii. 270. This instrument appears to have been in favour as an accompaniment of
the dance. Roquefort gives it another appellation, estive ; and in the list of Minstrels
who played before Edward I. in 1306, when Prince Edward was knighted, are found
Hamond Lestivour, and Geffrai le Estivour. See the volume presented to the Rox-
burghe Club by Mr. Botfield, on Manners and Household Expenses in England, p. 142.
3 The term corporas, corporate* palla, denotes a consecrated linen cloth, folded and
placed upon the altar in the service of the mass, beneath the sacred elements. Its
symbolical import, allusive to the fine linen in which the body of Christ was wrapped,
94
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
COORS, dede body (corse, K.)
Funus.
COORS of sylke, or threde (corce,
p.)1 Textum.
CORSOURE of horse.2 Mango, c. F.
COWRTE. Curia.
COORTYOWRE. Decurio, CATH.
curialis, curio, UG. in cordia.
CORUUN, or kutte (corvone, K.
corued, p.) Scissus (sculptus, p.)
COOTE, lytylle howse (cosh, K.
cosche, H. cosshe, p.)3 Casa,
tugurrium, capana (gurgus-
tium, teges, K. p.)
COOSYN', or emys sone (cosyng,
K. cosyne, P.) Cognatus, cog-
nata.
COSYN, of ii systerys, awntys son
or dowgfetur. Consobrinus, con-
sobrina, UG. in sereno.
COSYNAGE. Cognacio.
COSYNES, brederys chyldrynne.
Fratruelis, c. P. (fraternalis^^)
COSCHYNE. Sedile, RIG.
COOSTE, or costage. Expense,
sumptus, impendium, CATH.
(COSTYN, or do cost or spendyn,
K. Exspendo, impendo.)
COOSTE, herbe.4 Costus (coosta, p.)
cujus radix dicitur costum, c. F.
COSTE of a cuntre. Confinium, ora.
COSTARD, appulle. Aniriarium
(quiriarium, K. P.) quirianum,
KYLW.
COOSTRE of an halle (costere, H.)5
Subauleum, CATH. in auleum.
is fully explained by Durandus. See Lyndwood's Observations on the Constitutions of
Abp. Walter Reynold, 1322, p. 235. The Constit. of the Bishops of Worcester in
1229 and 1240, required that in every Church should be provided " duo paria corpo-
ralium,''1 and the Synod of Exeter in 1287, ordained that in every Church should be
" duo corporalia cum repositorHs." Wilkins, Cone. i. 623, 666, ii. 139. The reposi-
torium, or case wherein the corporas was inclosed, when not in use, was richly em-
broidered, or adorned with precious stones; it was termed likewise theca, capsa, or
lursa corporalium. See the inventories of the gorgeous vestments and ornaments at
St. Paul's, 1295, Mon. Angl. iii. 321. " Corporate, alba palla in altari, Anglice, a
corporalle." oaius. "A corparax, corporate." CATH. ANG. "Corporas for a chales,
corporeau." PALSG.
1 " Corse of a gyrdell, tissu. Corse weauer, tissutier." PALSG. See hereafter SEYNT,
or cors of a gyrdylle.
2 " A coyseyr of hors, mango. To coyse, alterare, et cetera ubi to chawnge." CATH.
ANG. To cose signifies in N. Britain, according to Jamieson, to exchange or barter.
In Octovian a dealer in horses is termed a " corsere." See Weber's Metr. Rom. iii.
191. Horman says, " Corsers of horses (mangones) by false menys make them loke
fresshe." " He cap horse you as well as all the corsers in the towne, courtiers de
chevaulx." PALSG.
3 As COOTE occurs hereafter in its proper place, the reading of the Harl. MS. ap-
pears here to be corrupt. " Cosshe, a sorie house, caverne." PALSG. In the Craven
dialect cosh still has this signification.
4 Of the various virtues of coste, which is the root of an Indian plant, the early
writers on drugs give long details, and Parkinson has represented it at p. 1582 of his
Herbal. In Mr. Diamond's curious MS. on the qualities of plants and spices, two
kinds of coste are described, both brought from India : " J?e oone ys heuy and rede, |>e
toj>er is li^t and nojt bittere, and somedel white in colour; " and it is recommended to
make an ointment of coste ground small with honey, excellent to cleanse the face of the
freckles, and " a suffreyn remedie for sciatica, and to J>e membris J>at ben a-stonyd."
5 The Catholicon explains aitleum as " cortina, qitia in aulis extendi solel." The
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 95
COSTELEWE (cOStfull, K. COStleW,
H. costuous, w.)1 Sumptuosus.
(COSTYN ouyr be cimtre, K. coos-
tyn on the countre, p.2 Trans-
patriot)
COSTRED, or costrelle, grete bo-
telle (costret, or botel, K.)S
Onopherum, Dice. c. F. aristo-
phorum, CATH.
COOTE, byrde (cote, brydde, K.)
Mergus^fullica^ UG. HER.
COTE ARMURE.4 Baltheus, C.F. UG.
hangings with which the side-walls of a hall were garnished, previously to the more
general use of wainscot, appear to have been termed costers. The name was applied
likewise to hangings, either in a church at the sides of the choir, or in a hall near the
high table, as a kind of screen, or even to the curtains of a bed. In the Register of the
ornaments of the Royal Chapel at Windsor, taken 1385, 8 Ric. II. under the head of
" Panni," several are enumerated. " Duo costers panni magni de Velvetto, pro prin-
cipalibus diebus, rubei et viridis coloris, cum magnis imaginibus stantibus in taberna-
culo." Mon. Ang. T. iii. part 2, p. 81. Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmerland, bequeathed
in 1424 to his wife a third part of his estate, " cum uno lecto de Arras operate cum
auro, cum costeris eidem pertinentibus et concordantibus ; " and to his son Richard
another bed of Arras, " cum costeris paled de colore rubeo viridi et albo, qui solebant
pendere in magna camera infra castrum de Sherifhoton." Madox, Formul, p. 432.
1 Chaucer, in the Persones Tales, makes great complaint of the " sinneful costlewe
array of clothing," occasioned by the extravagant fashions of the time of Richard II.
In the Stat. 3 Henry VII: c. 2, against murderers, it is stated that " he that will sue
eny appell must sue in propre persone, which sute ys long and costlowe (costeouz, F<r.)
that yt makyth the partie appellant wery to sue." The Cath. Ang. gives " costy,
sumptuosus," and Palsgrave, " costy ouse, sumptueux"
2 Chaucer uses the verb to costeie in the sense of the French costoier, to pass along-
side ; as in the complaint of the Black Knight, line 36.
" And by a riuer forth I gan costeie."
Palsgrave gives the verb " to coste a countrey or place, ryde, go, or sayle about it,
costier or costoyer. To hym that coulde coste the countray, there is a nerer way by
syxe myle."
3 Chaucer, in the Legend of Hypermestre, relates that her father Danao gave her
"a costrell " filled with a narcotic, in order to poison her husband Lino. "A cos-
trelle, oneferum, et cetera ubi a flakett. A flakett, flacta, obba, uter, et cetera ubi a
potte." CATH. ANG. A MS. of the XlVth century, which gives the explanation of
words that occur in the Missal, contains the following interpretation: " liter, Anglice
a botel, sed collateralis, Anglice, a costrelle. De cute dicis utres, de ligno collaterales."
M. Paris gives a curious relation of poison discovered in the year 1258, concealed in
certain vessels, " quce costrelli vocantur." Costerellum or costeretum, in old French
costeret, signified a certain measure of wine, or other liquids ; and a costrell seems to
have been properly a small wooden barrel, so called because it might be carried at the
side, such as is carried by a labourer as his provision for the day, still termed a costril
in the Craven dialect.
4 Baltheus, which properly implies the girdle or mark of knightly dignity, the cingulum
militare, is here used as signifying a kind of military garment. Compare hereafter
DOBBELET, garment, baltheus. The Cath. Ang. gives " a cotearmour, insignium.'1''
The usage of wearing an upper garment, or surcote, charged with armorial bear-
ings, as a personal distinction in conflict, when the features were concealed by the
aventaille, commenced possibly in the reign of John, but was not generally adopted
before the time of Henry III. A portion of the armorial surcote of William de For.
96
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
COOTE, lytylle howse, supra.
CoTERELLE.1 Gurgustirius, tugur-
rinus, tugurrina, gurgustina,
coterellus, coterella, et hec duo
nominaficia sunt.
COTELERE. Cultellarius.
COTHE, or swownynge.2 Sincopa,
sincopes, c. F.
(COTUL, fisshe, K. H. cotull or
codull, fisslie, p.3 Cepia.)
COTUNE (coton, P.) Bombicinum.
Co WE, beste. Vacca.
COWARD, hertlesse. Vecors, iners.
COWARDNESSE (cowardise, K.)
Vecordia, inertia, OATH.
COWCHE. Cubile, grabatum, c. F.
media productd ; grabatum, me-
dia correptd, Anglice a barme,
or lappe, unde versus, Pro gre-
mio grabatum, pro lecto pone
grabatum.
(COWCHYN, or leyne in couche, K.
lye in cowche, P. Cubo.)
( COWCHYN, or leyne thinges to-
gedyr, K. Colloco.)
CowDE.4 Frustrum, congiarium,
UG. (frustum, p.)
COVEY of pertrychys (coue, or
cony, H. p.) Cuneus, vel cohors.
(COWEYTYN, K. CuplO, OptO,
glisco, concupisco, CATH.)
COVETYSE. Cupiditas, cupido.
COVETYSE of ryches (covey tyce,
H.) Avaricia.
COVETOWSE. Cupidus.
COVETOWS of (great, p.) worldely
tibus, Earl of Albemarle, who died 1260, still exists, and an engraving of it is given in
the Vetusta Monum. VI. plate ] 8. Among the earlier representations may be men-
tioned the effigies at Salisbury of William Longespee, who died 1266, and of a knight of
the De 1'Isle family at Rampton, Cambridgeshire. See Stothard's Monumental Effi-
gies. Sir Thomas de la More relates that the Earl of Gloucester was slain at Bannock-
burn, 1314, in consequence of his neglecting to put on his insignia, termed in the Latin
translation " togam proprice armatures." Chaucer relates that the heralds after the
conflict distinguished Arcita and Palamon by their " cote armure," as they lay in the
" tas " severely wounded. Knight's Tale, 1018. An early instance of the use of the term
coat-armour occurs in the Close Roll, 2 Edw. III. 1328, where the King commands the
keeper of his wardrobe to render up " omnes armaturas, tarn cotearmurs quam alias,"
which had belonged to Bartholomew de Badlesmere, deceased, for the use of Giles his
son, to whom the King had given them. Rymer, iv. 371. During the reign of Edward
III. the surcote gave place to the jupon, and this was succeeded, about the time that
the Promptorium was compiled, by the tabard, the latest fashion of a garment armorially
decorated, and the prototype of that which is still worn by the heralds and pursuivants.
1 The inferior tenants, or occupiers of cottages, are termed in the Domesday Book
cotarii or coscels, in Ang. Sax. cotsseta, casce habitator, in French cotarel, or costerel.
Ducange and Spelman make no distinction between cotarelli and cotarii, but Bp. Ken-
nett thinks there was an essential difference, and that the coterelle held in absolute
villenage. See his Glossary, P.aroch. Ant.
2 Sir Thomas Browne mentions cothish among words peculiar to Norfolk, and Forby
gives cothy as the word still used, signifying faint or sickly. In Bishop Kennett's
Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, is given " cothish, morose. Norf." Ang. Sax.
cothe, morlus.
3 See above CODULLE, fysche. Sepia.
4 This word appears to signify a piece or a lump of meat ; congiarium. is in the
Catholicon explained to be "frustum carnis undique equatum." Minsheu states
mOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
goodys, or other rychcs (werdli
good, K. wordly, p.) Avarus,
cupidinarius, c. F.
COVETOWS of worldely ryches
(wordli worchyp, K. worldly
worshippes, P.) AmUciosus,
COOVENT (couente, p.)1 Conventus.
COUEIICLE (coverkyl, H.) Oper-
culum, cooperculum.
COUERTOWRE. Coopertorium,
COGHE (cough or horst, p. cowhe,
or host, H. w.)2 Tussis.
(CowYN, or hostyn, K. cowhyn, H.
cowghen, p. Tussio, tussito,
CATH.)
COWHERDE. Vaccarius, vaccaria
(bubulcus, P.)
COUERLYTE, clothe. Coopertorium.
COOWLE to closyn mennys fow-
lys.3 Saginarium, cavea, CATH.
COWLE, vesselle (for to sette ves-
sell, p.)4 Tina, CATH.
COWLE, or coope (cope, H.
coupe, p.)5 Capa.
COWLE, munkys abyte. Cuculla^
cucullus, c. F.
COWLE TRE, or soo tre.6 Fa-
langa, vectatorium^ CATH.
COWME of come. Cumba.
COW(M)FORY, herbe (cowmfory,
that " cowde is an old English word, signifying a gobbet, morcell, or peece of any
thing cut out," but he appears to have taken it from the Promptorium, and Skinner
gives it on his authority. Possibly COWDE may have some analogy with cud, which in
the Promptorium is written cood. See above CHEW the cood. Ang. Sax. cud, rumen.
1 " A couent, cotwentus, conventiculus." CATH. ANG. The derivation of the word is
here evidently from the French, convent, and not from the Latin : and the orthography
of the name Covent Garden thus appears to have the sanction of ancient authority.
2 Among the virtues of " horhowne," as stated in a translation of Macer's Treatise on
Plants, MS. XVth Cent, belonging to Hugh W. Diamond, Esq. is the following : " his
erbe y-dronke in olde wyne helpib be kynges hoste, and be comone coghe eke.'' In
another place a decoction of roots of " skyrewhite " is recommended to heal " be
chynke and be olde coghe." Skinner says the hooping-cough was termed in Lincoln-
shire kin-cough, and derives the word from the Belg, kicnkhost, and the verb kinchen,
dfficulter spirare. See hereafter HOOSE, or cowghe, and HOSTYN.
3 " Coupe or coule for capons, or other poultrie ware, caige aux chappo'iis" PALSG.
The name was probably assigned in consequence of a supposed similarity to a monk's
cowl, whence likewise the name has been given to the covering of a chimney. Ang. Sax.
cuhle, cuculla. Elyot gives " scirpea, a dounge potte, or colne made with roddes."
4 The cope was originally worn with a hood, which at a subsequent time was repre-
sented only by embroidery on the back. Hence, probably, this garment was sometimes
termed a cowle. Chaucer repeatedly terms the monastic habit a cope. See the descrip-
tion of Huberd the Frere, who was not like a " cloisterere,"
" With thredbare cope as is a poure scolere.
Of double worsted was bis semicope,
That round was as a belle, out of the presse/'
5 (< Tina, vas vinarium amplissimum." ORTUS. In the accounts of the church-
wardens of Walden, in Essex, occurs a charge in 27 Hen. VI. 1448, for a " cowle pro
•aqua lenedicta, x.<Z." Hist, of Audley End, by Lord Braybrooke. In Essex the term
cowl is applied at the present time to any description of tub. See Kennett's Glossary,
under the word cowele ; he supposes it to be derived from cucula, a vessel shaped like
a boat.
6 " Pludanga est hasta, vel quidam fxiculns ad portandas c»j)«5, Anyh'ce a stang, or a
CAMD. HOC. O
(J8
FROMI'TOIUUM PARVULORUM.
K. p.) Consoiida major, et
minor dicitur daysy (dayseys, P.)
COMFORTE. Consolacio, confor-
tacio, consolamen.
COMFORTOWRE (confortoure, P.)
Consolator, (confortator, K.)
(COWMFORTYN, or cumfortyn, K.
conforten, p. Conforto^consolor.}
COWNSELLE. Consilium.
GOWN BELLE, or preuey thynge to
know. Secretum, c. F. misterium.
COWNSELHOWSE. Concionabu-
lum, consiliabulum, CATH.
COW(N)SELLOUR. Consiliarius.
(CowNSELYN, or aske counsell,
or gyue counsell, K. Con-
sulo.)
(COWNTYN, K. CompUtO.}
COWNT ROLL A RE (countrolloiire,
p.) Contrarotulator.
COUNTESE. Comitassa.
COWNTYNGE. Computdtio.
COWNTYNGE HORDE, or table. Ta-
pecea, tapeceta, UG. in torreo
(trapecea, p.)
CowNTOWRE.1 Complicatorium.
culstaffe."' ORTUS. " Courge, a stang, pale-staffe, or cole-staffe, carried on the shoul-
der, and notched for the hanging of a pale, at both ends." COTGR. In Caxton's Mir-
rour of the World, c. 10, A.D. 1481, it is related that in Ynde " the (.-lustres of grapes ben
so grete and so fulle of muste, that two men ben grelly charged to bere one of them only
vpon a colestaff." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium by Comenius, 1658,
is given a representation of the cole-staff (cerumna) used for bearing a burden between
two persons, p. 135; and again at p. 113, where it appears as used by brewers to carry
to the cellar the newly-made beer in " soes," or tubs with two handles (lalra), called
also cowls. In Brand's Popular Antiquities, ii. 107, will be found an account of the
local custom of riding the cowl-staff, or stang.
1 At the period when the Promptorium was compiled, calculations were usually made
by means of the abacus, or counting-board, and counters, which were chiefly the pieces
of base metal to which the name of Nuremburgh tokens has commonly been given. The
" augrim stones " mentioned by Chaucer in the Miller's Tale, where he describes the
clerk of Oxford's study, probably served the same purpose. Palsgrave gives " counters
to cast a count with, iect, ietfon." The science of calculation termed algorism had,
however, been partially introduced. See above AWGRYM. The term counter signified
also the table on which such accounts were cast, and even the counting-house, in which
last sense it occurs in Chaucer, where it is related that the Merchant's wife went to call
her husband,
" And knocketh at his countour boldely." Shipman's Tale.
A curious representation of the counter- table cccurs in drawings of the time of Edward
II. in Sloane MS. 3983. In a letter from Margaret Paston to her husband, about 1459,
regarding some alterations in his house, is the following passage : " I have take the
measure in the draute cham'yr, as ye wold yor cofors and yor cowntewery shuld be sette
for the whyle, and yr is no space besyde the bedd, thow the bedd wer remevyd to the
dore, for to sette bothe.yor bord and yor kofors ther, and to have space to go and sytte
bteuyde." Paston Letters, iii. 324. At a later time there appears to have been a piece
'of ordinary furniture in the hall of a mansion termed a counter, probably from its re-
semblance to the table properly so called. In the Inventories printed by the Surtees
Society, mention frequently occurs of the counter and the counter-cloths ; as likewise
of " doble counters, counters of the myddcll bynde, Flanders counters with their car-
pots." Wills and Invent, i. 133, 151, 158.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
91)
(COWNTINGE HOWS, P.1 (70m-
putoria^)
COWNTYSE (cownte, K. count, P.)
Compotus (ratio, P.)
CoWNTYRFETE, YV'liat SO hjt be.
Conformale.
(COWNTYRFETYN, K.
conformo.)
COWNTYRFETYNGE.
COWYNTYRPEYCE (peyS, K.
p.) Hostimentum, libramentum.
COWNTYRTALY.2 AntlCOpd, CATII.
COWNTERE (countour, p.) (7om-
putarius (computatorium, p.)
(COUNTER', p.3 Computator, com-
potista.)
(COWNTRYN songe, K. in songe, P.
Occento, c. F.)
COWNTERYNGE yn songe. Con-
centus, c. F. (accentus, K.)
COWPARE. Cuparius.
COWPE> or pece.4Crater (cuppa. P.)
COWPYLLB, of ij thynggys. Co-
pula (cupla, P.)
(COWPLYN, K. Copulo.)
COWPLYD. Copulatus.
(CowRYN, or strecliynge, K. curyn,
or astretchyn, p. aretchyn, j. N.
Attingo, CATH.)
COW(R)CER, horse (cowsere, K.
courcer', p.) Succursarius, gra-
dariuSj CATH.
COWRSE. Cursus.
COWRSB of mete. Missorium, UG.
in faro, vel ciirsus ferculorum.
OOWUBS of frute yn J>e ende of
mete (cowrs, K.) Bellariwh,
CATH. collibium, imponen-
tum.
Cows LOPE, herbe (cowslek, or
cowslop, P.) Ilerba petri, herba
2><.iralisiSj ligustra, KYLW. (vac-
cinia, P.)
COWRS of ordyr, or rewe. Series.
CRABBE, fyschc. Cancer.
CIIABBE, appulle or frute. Maci-
anum.
CRABBE, tre. Acerlus, matianus,
arbutus.
CRABBYD, awke, or wrawe (wray-
warde, w.)5 Ceronicus, bilosus,
cancerinus.
(CRACCHE, or manger, supra
in CRYBBE.)
CRACCHYN', supra in CLAWYN'
(cramsyn, p.)6 ' Scalpico.
CRACCHYNGE (cratcliinge, P.)
Sculptura.
1 "A cowntynge place, Hbratorium." CATII. ANG.
2 "A cownter, anticopa." CATH. ANG.
3 See above CLERKE of cowntys. The appellation which occurs in Cliaucer's de-
scription of the Fraukelein was placed by Tyrwhitt among his words not understood.
" A shereve had he ben, and a countour." Cant. Tales, Frol.
A countour appears to have been or.e retained to defend a cause or plead for another,
in old French, confer. See the Stat. 3 Edw. I. c. 24, against deceit or collusion by
pleaders, "serjaunt, contour, ou autre," who being convicted, should sui?er imprison-
ment, and never again be heard " en, la Court le Reif, a confer pur nulluy." It may,
however, be questionable whether Chaucer used the term in this sense, and it seems
possible that escheator may be meant ; the office like that of sheriff was held for a
limited time, and was served only by the gentry of name and station in their county.
4 See hereafter PECK, cuppe.
5 See above AWKE, or angry, and hereafter WRAW, froward.
6 See above the note on CLAWYN', or cracchyu'. In the history of St. Eutrope it ia
100
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CRAFTE. Ars, artificium.
CRAFTY. Artificiosus (artatus, P.)
CRAFTYNESSE. Industria.
CRAFTYLY. Artijiciose, arcite.
CRAGGESTONE (crag stone, P.)
Rupa, scopula, cepido, CATH.
saxum.
CRAKKE, or dyn. Crepitus, fra-
gor, c. F.
CRAKENELLE, brede.1 Creputel-
lus, fraginellus (artocopus, K.)
CRAKKYN', as salt yn a fyre, or
oj?er lyke. Crepito.
CRAKKYN', or schyllen nothys
(shill notes, p.) Excortico,
enuculo, enucleo, KYLW.
CRAKKYNGE. Crepor, c. F.
CRAKYNGE, or (of, P.) boste.2 Jac-
tancia, arrogancia.
CRAMPE. Spasmus, CATH.
CRAMZYN', supra in CRACCHYN"'
(cramsyn,sMpra in clawyn, H. p.)
CRAMSYNGE, supra in CRACCH-
YNGE (cratchinge, p.)3
CRANE, byrde. Grus.
CRAYNE, or crayues (crany or
craues, P.) Rima, riinula,
mews, CATH.
CRANYYD. Rimatus.
CRANYYN'. Rimo.
CRANKE, instrument.4 Cirillus
(girgillus, K. H. p.)
CRANKE of a welle. Haustnim,
haustra.
CRAPPE, or gropys of corne.5
Acus, CATH. criballum, c. F.
CRASCHYN", as tethe (crayschyn,
H. crasshen teethe, p.)6 Fremo,
frondeo (strideo, P.)
CRACCHYNGE of tethe, or grynn-
ynge (crashynge, K. crasldnge,
p.) Stridor, fremitus.
CRASKE, or fryke of fatte (crask,
or lusty, K.)7 Crassus.
related that " she ran to hym yl had slayne her broder, and wolde haue cratched his
eyen out of his heed." Legend. Aur. f. 51, b. Palsgrave gives the verb " to cratche
violently with ones nayles, grtttiyner." "He crached me cursedly about the chekis,
UK yuibus lactravit." The Promptorium gives also CUAMZY ' in the same sense.
1 The kind of biscuit which still bears this name was in France called craqueliu ;
Skinner gives also Belg. craeckelinck. " Pastilla, a cake, craknel or wygge." ORTUS.
See above BKEDE twyys bakyn, as krakenelle, or symnel.
4 " Jacto, id est gloriari, erogare. Anglice,^ boost, or crake. Jactor, a craker."
ORTUS. " Craker, a boster, bobancier. To make auaunte, boste or crake. When he
is well whyttelled, he wyll crake goodly of his manhode ; quand il a lien beu, il se vante
gorgiasemtnt." PALSG. Forby gives this word as still used in Norfolk. See Jamieson's
Dictionary.
3 CRANSYNGE, supra in CRECCHYNGE, MS.
4 Girgillus signifies a kind of reel for winding thread. " QirgilluM, Anglice, a haspe,
or a payre of yerne wyndle blades." ORTUS. Ang. Sax. cranc-stsef, a weaver's instru-
ment.
5 In low Latin the word crappce is used in this sense, " abjectio bladi, ut crappce —
recoUigatur." Fleta, lib. ii. c. 82. Ducange gives also crapinum, which he derives
from Belg. krappen, excidere. " Crappes, acus." CATH. ANG. " Crapin, criblure,
le bled qui tottibe du van.1''' ROQUEF.
6 " To crasshe with my tethe togyther, grincher, To crasshe, as a thynge dothe that
is crypse or britcll bytwenc cues tethe, cresper." PALSG.
7 This word is given by Skinner among the ancient words, " Crask, An.tkoii Diet.
PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
101
CRAUAIIE. Procax, pecultus,
peculta, CATH.
CRAUAS, supra in CRANY.
CRAWE, or crovvpe of a byrde, or
o]?er fowlys. Gains, vesicula,
CATH.
CRAWYN' (cravyn, K.) Proco,
procacio, rogito, CATH.
CRAWYNGE. Procacitas.
CRACOKE, relefe of molte talowe
or grese (crauche, K. crawke or
crappe, H. p.)1 Cremium (quod
restat infrixorio, K.)
CREDE. Symbolum, CATH.
CREDEL, or cradel. Crepundium.
cunabulum, cuna, crocea, c. F.
CREDEL BONDE, or cradel bonde.
Fascia, fasciale, CATH. quicia
(inicia, p.)
CREKYN' (as hennes, P.) supra in
CROKKYN'. Gracillo (crispo, P.)
CiiELLETI(creke, H. P.) baskett or
lepe.2 Cartallus, sporta.
CREME of mylke. Qwaccwm, UG. C.F.
CREMYN', or reiuyn', as lycour.3
Spumat.
CREMMYD, or crammyd, or stuffyd.
Farcinatus.
CREMMYN', or stuffyii'. Farcino,
repleo, CATH.
CREMMYNGE, or crammynge. Far-
cinacio.
CREPERE, or he J>at crepythe.
Reptor.
CREPYN'. Repo, UG.
CREPYNGE. Repcio, reptura.
CREPAWNDE, or crapawnde, pre-
cyous stone (crepaud, p.)* Sma-
ragdus.
CRESE, or increse (cres, or incres,
K. P.) Excrescencia (incremen-
tum, P.)
Angl. apud quern solum occurrit, exp. pinguis, olesus, q. d. crassius, a Lat. crassus."
It is perhaps more directly corrupted from the old French word eras, which has the
same signification.
1 In a MS. of the Medulla in the Editor's possession, cremium is rendered " a cra-
conum of grece or talwhe." " Extrema crematio cepi, vel illud quod relinquitur ustiim,
in frixorio." ORTUS. " A crakane, cremium.1'' CATH. ANG. The term cracklings,
which occurs in the Scotch Acts, t. James VI. is explained by Jamieson as signifying the
refuse of melted tallow ; Su. Or. and Isl. krak, quisquilice, from krekia, to throw away.
Tallow craps has a like meaning in the Craven dialect.
2 Creel is given by Moore as a word not frequently used in Suffolk ; Forby does not
mention it, but it occurs in the Craven dialect, and signifies an ozier basket, or crate.
See Jamieson's Dictionary. Roquefort explains creil as signifying a hurdle, craticula.
LEPE occurs hereafter.
3 See hereafter REMYN, as ale, or other lycoure.
4 Precyoustone, MS. " Crapaude, a precious stone, crapaudine." PALSG. Cotgrave
explains crupaudine as signifying the stone chelonitis, or the toad-stone. The precious
stone found, as it was asserted, in the head of a toad, was supposed to possess many
virtues, and especially as a preservative against poison. On some of these stones, ac-
cording to Albertus Magnus, the figure of the animal was imprinted ; these were of
a green colour, and termed crapaudiiia, being possibly the kind here called smaragdus,
a name which properly denotes the emerald. These stones were known also by the
appellations borax, biontia, chelonitis, nise, batrachites, or ceraunia. In the Metrical
Romance entitled Ernare is described a rich vesture, thickly^set with gems, rubies,
topazc, " crapowtes and nakette ; " the word is also written "crapawtes." More de-
tailed information on this subject will be found in Gesner, de quadrup. ovip. ii. G.
102 PROMPTORIUM PAEVULORUM.
CRESYN', or encresyn'. Accresco.
Lunula, CATH.
UG.
CRESSE, lierbe. Narsturcium.
CRESSE, seede. Gardanum.
Crucibollum, c. F.
CRESTE, on an hede. Crista.
CRESTE, or a werke.3 Anaglipha,
c. F.
CRESTE, of a byrdys hede. Cirrus.
CREYSTE, of londe eryyde (of a
loude erryed, p.)4 Porca, CATH.
CRESTYN', or a-rayyn' wythe a
creste (or sette on a creest, p.)
Cristo.
CREUES, supra in CRANY.
(CREVEYS, fysshe, K. creues, p.5
Polipus.)
CRYE. Clamor, vociferacio.
CRYE of schypmen, that ys clepyd
See also Douce's Illustrations of Shakspeare, As you like it, Act 2, Sc. I.; and the
word toad-stone in Nares' Glossary.
1 "A cressent a-bowte ye nek, torques, torquis, lunula.^ CATH. ANG. Lunula is
explained in the Ortus to be an ornament for a woman's neck, shaped like the moon.
" Anylice, an ouche, or barre."
2 " Batulus, a cressed, quoddam vas in quo ponuntur prune ." ORTUS. " A cressett,
latilhis, crucibulum, lucubrum. A crosser, crucibulum, lucubrum." CATH. ANG. A
curious representation of the cresset of the time of Henry III. occurs in one of the
subjects from the Painted Chamber, engraved in the Monum. Vetusta, vol. vi. where
Abimelech is pourtrayed attempting to set fire to the tower of Thebes. Gower relates
that in Gideon's little troop every man had
" A potte of erthe, in which he tath
A light brennyng in a cresset." Conf. Am. lib. viii.
This word is derived from the French, " crasset, lampe de nuit." ROQUEF. See
Douce's Illustrations to Shakspeare, and the representations of ancient cressets there
given. Hen. IV. Part I. In Queen Elizabeth's Armoury at the Tower, there is one
affixed on a large spear-headed pole. " Cresset, a lyght, flambeau, fallot." PALSG.
" Falot, a cresset light (such as they use in Playhouses) made of ropes wreathed, pitched,
and put in small and cpen cages of iron." COTGR.
" Anaglypha, dicuutur eminentes picture?, sicut sunt in frontispiciis ecclesiarum, et
in aliis altis locis. Anglice, borde of painters." ORTUS. The finishing which sur-
mounts a screen, roof, or other ornamental part of a structure, was called a crest, such
as is seen at Exeter Cathedral on the high-ridged roof. The Stat. 17 Edw. IV. c. 4,
comprises an enactment respecting the manufacture and dimensions *' de tewle, ap-
pellez pleintile, autrement nosmez thaktile, roftile, ou crestile,'' the prescribed length of
the last being 13 in. the thickness five-eights, with convenient deepness accordyng.
Crest-tiles, pierced with an ornamental open pattern, were to be seen on the roof of the
ancient hall of the Templars, at Temple Balsall, Warwickshire. In Hall's Chron. are
described " crestes karued wyth vinettes and trailes of sauage woorke," which orna-
mented the Banqueting-house prepared at Greenwich in 1527. Reprint, pp. 606, 722,
" Crest of a house, coypeau de la maison." PALSG. The Glossary of Architecture cites
several authorities, in which the use of the term crest occurs.
4 See above BALK.E of a londe eryd. " Porca est terra ilia que eminet inter duos
siilcos."1"1 ORTUS.
5 In the Medulla polipus is rendered " a schrympe," and in the Ortus " a lepeste,"
or lobster ; but the fi Ji here intended is probably the craw-fish, Cancer Astacus, Linn,
which still bears the name in the North of England, and Jamieson gives it the ap-
pellation crevish. " Creues, a fysshe, escreitice." PALSG.
PROMPTOBIUM PARVULORUM.
103
haue howe (halowe. p.)1 Ce-
leuma, G. F.
CRYE, or grete noyse a-mong the
peple (in the people, P.) Tu-
multus.
CRYAR, he fat cryethe yn a mer-
ket, or in a feyre. Declamator,
preco, c. F. (proclamator. P.)
CRYYN'. Clamo, vocifero.
CRYBBE, or cracche, or manger
(cribbe or bose, K.)2 Prese-
pium, presepe.
CRYKE of watyr. Scatera.
CRYKKE, sekenesse (or crarape,
H. P.) SpasmuSj secundum
medicos, tetanus, UG. iiiieter*
CRYKETTE. Salamandra, cril-
lus, COMM. (grillus, p.)
CRYMPYLLE, or rympylle. Ruga.
CRYMPLED, or rympled. Eugatus.
CRYMPLYN', or rymplyn'. JRugo.
CRYPYLLE (cripil, K. crepyll, P.)
Quadriplicator, CATH. claudus,
contractus.
CRYSME (holy, P.) oyle. Crisma.
CRYSPE, as here, or o)>er lyke.3
Crispus, KYLW.
CRYSPHEED, or cryspenesse. (7m-
pitudo, CATH.
CRYSTE (criyst, XPC, K.) Cristus.
CRYSTALLE, stone. Cristallus.
CRYSTYNDAME.4 CristianitciSj
Cristianismus.
CRYSTEN manne or womanne.
Cristianus, Cristiana.
CROCE of a byschope.5 Pedum,
1 " Celeuma est clamor nauticus, vel cantus, ut heuylaw romylawe." ORTUS. See
hereafter HALOW, schypmannys crye.
3 In the Legenda Aurea the manger in which our Saviour was laid is termed a
crybbe or racke ; in the Wicliffite version it is called a cratche, Luke xi. 7. " Cratche
for horse or oxen, crtche" PALSG. " Creiche, a cratch, rack, oxe-stall, or crib."
COTG. See Nares's Glossary. BOOC, or boos, occurs previously.
3 "Cryspe as ones heer is that curleth, crespe, crespeleux." PALSG. In the Cath.
Angl. is given "A cryspyngeyrene, acus, calami strum.1'
* Herman uses this word in the sense of the common term Christening; " I was
called Wyllyam at my Christendome, die lustrico.'" So likewise in the Cath. Angl.
"A crystendame, baptismus, baptisma, Christianitas.'1''
5 The pastoral staff with a curved head, to which the appellation CLEYSTAFFE has been
given previously in the Promptorium, was called croce, crosse, croche, or crutch, words
derived from the French croce or croche. "Croce, lituus ce nom ment de croc, pource
qiSune croce est crochue^ NICOT. In Piers Ploughman's Vision, line 5089, it is said
that Do-best " bereth a bisshopes crosse," with one extremity hooked : and at the con-
secration of a church, according to the .Legenda Aurea, " the bysshop gooth all aboute
th re tymes, and at euery tyme that he cometh to that dore, he knocketh with his crosse,"
in the Latin original " baculo p<utoroli,v Chaucer uses the word croce. " Crosse for a
bysshoppe, crossed PALSG. " Pediim, croche." Vocab. ROY. MS. 17 C. xvn.
" Camfaica, a crutche." ORTUS. "A ciuche, camlmca, pedwni."" CATH. ANGL. A
costly " cruche " occurs in the Inventory taken at Fountains Abbey, and published by
Burton. In Ang. Sax. cruce signifies both a cross and a crook, and from similarity of*
sound between cross and croce, words perfectly distinct in their derivation, some con-
fusion of terms has arisen, Especially as regards the usual acceptance of the word crosier,
which has been supposed" to be incorrect. Crosier, however, properly signifies the pas-
toral staff, or croce, the incurved head of which was termed in French crosseron, part
of the insignia of Bishops : thus in Brooke's Book of Precedents it appears, that at the
104
PROMPTORIUM PARVULCmUM.
KYLW. Dice, cambuca, c. F.
KYLW. crocea.
CROCERE.1 Crociarius, cambu-
carius, crucifer, CATH. peda-
rius, KYLW. cruciferarius.
CROCKETT of songe. S.emimi-
nima (simpla, p.)
CROKE, or scheype hoke (crotche,
H. P. croche, w.) Pedum, c. F.
UG. cambuca (podium, P.)
CROKYD, or wronge. Curvus,
(reflexus, tortus, p.)
CROKYD (or lame, P.) supra in
CRYPYLLE (claudus, tortus, K.)
CROKYN', or makyii' wronge.
Curio (curvo, K.)
CROKYN' (cromyn, K. H. P.)
Unco, CATH. (yinco, K.)
CROMRE, or crome (crowmbe, p.}2
Bucus, c. F. (unccus, K. p.)
arpax, c. F.
CRONYCLE, or cronykylle. Cro-
nica, historia.
CRONYCLERE. Cronicus, histo-
ricus, c, F. (Jiistoriagraphus, K.)
GROPE, supra in CRAWE of a byrde.
(Cabus, vesicula, K.)3
CROPPE of an erbe or tree.4
Cima, coma, capillamentum,
CATH. C. F.
CROPPE of corne yn a yere (jere
*K. Annona.
marriage of Philip and Mary in 1554, the Bishops present had their " crosiers carried
before them." Leland, Coll. iv. 398. Fox says that Bonner, who was then Bishop of
London, at the degradation of Dr. Taylor in 1555, would not strike him with his
"crosier-staff" upon the breast, lest he should strike again. Minsheu says that
"croce is a shepherd's crooke in our old English ; hence the staffe of a Bishop is called
the crocier or crosier."
1 " A croser, cruciferarius, crucifer."" CATH. ANG. In the relation of the mar-
tyrdom of St. Thomas of Canterbury it is said that " one Syr Edward Gryme, that was
his croyser, put forthe his arme with the crosse to bere of the stroke, and the stroke
smote the crosse on sonder." Legenda Aur. At the first progress of Henry VII. after
his coronation, during the solemnities at York, the Archbishop's " suffragan was croyser,
and bar the Archebisshops crosse." Lei. Coll. in. 192. It appears, however, by the
Promptorium, that the appellation CROCERE denoted also the bearer of a pastoral staff,
or crosier. In this sense Higins, in the version of Junius' Nomenclator, 1585, renders
" lituus, a crosier 's staffe, or a Bishop's staffe."
2 This word, signifying a staff with an hooked end, is still retained among the pro-
vincialisms of Norfolk and Suffolk, and is traced by Forby to the Belg. crom. uncus.
Tusser speaks of a "dung-crome," and Jamieson gives crummock, or crummie-staff, a
stick with a crooked head. Ang. Sax. crumb, curvv-s.
3 Forby gives crop, as the name applied to the craw of a bird, Teut. krop, stomachus ;
according to Jamieson it signifies the same in N. Britain, and also the human stomach.
Ang. Sax. cropp, gutturis vesicula.
4 "A croppe, cma." CATH. ANGL. Chaucer uses this word repeatedly, signifying
, the topmost boughs ; so likewise Gower, alluding to the confused state of affairs in the
latter part of the reign of Richard II. says,
" Nowe stante the croppe vnder the rote,
The world is chaunged ouerall." Conf.,Am. Prologue.
Crap has the same signification in the North, as given by Jamieson. Ang. Sax. crop, cima.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
105
CROPPERE, or crowpyn' (croper,
K. P.) Postela, subtela, CATH.
CROPON' of a beste (croupe or
cropon, H. P.) Clunis.
CROSSE (cros, K. H.) Crux.
CROSSYDDE. Crucesignatus.
CROPPE of a tre or other lyke (crote
of a turfe, K. H. P.) Glebi-
cula, glebula, CATH. glebella.
CROWDS, instrument of musyke,1
Chorus.
CROWDE, barowyr. Cenivectorium.
Nota supra in BAROWE.
CROWDE wythe a barow.2 Cine-
vecto.
CROWD YN', or showen (xowyn, H.
shoue, P.) Impello.
CROWDYNGE, caryynge wythe a
barowe. Cenivectura.
CROWDYNGE, or schowynge. Pres-
sura, pulsio.
CROWE, byrde. Corvus.
CROWEFOTE, herbe. Amarusca,
vel amarusca emeroydarum,
pes corvi.
CROWEN, as cokkes. Gallicanto.
CROWKEN, as cranes. Gruo.
CROWKEN, as todes, or frosshes
(froggis, p.)3 Coaxo.
CROWNE, or corowne. Corona.
CROWNERE, or corownere. Co-
ronator.
C(R)OWPER, supra in CROWPON'.
CROWSE, or cruse, potte (crowce
or crwce, P.) Amula, c. F.
CURDE (crudde, K. H. p.)4 Co-
agulum.
CRUDDYD. Coagulatus.
CRUDDYN'. Coagulo.
CRUEL, man or beste. Crudelis,
severus, truculentus.
CRUEL min(i)ster. Satelles, UG.
CRUELTE. Crudelitas, severitas.
CRUETT.S Ampulla, phiola.
1 The crowde appears to have been a six-stringed instrument resembling a fiddle,
called in Wales crwth, and in Scotland cruit. Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers, who
wrote at the close of the Vlth century, enumerating the kinds of music peculiar to
different countries, uses this expression, " Ckrotta Britanna placet.'1 Carm. lib. vii.
c. 8. In the Wicliffite version, Judges xi. 34 is thus rendered, " Forso>e whanne
lepte turnede ajen — his oon gendrid doujter cam to him wi> tympans and croudis."
The word occurs again, Luke xv. 25. " Coralla, a crowde. Coraldus, a crowdere.1'
Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " A crowde, corus, lira ; Corista, qui vel gue capit in eoJ'"1
CATH. ANGL. " Croude, an instrument, rebecq. Croudar, iouevr de rebecq." PALSG. The
English interpretation of the Equivoca of Joh. de Garlandia gives " ckorus, crouthe."
2 Of the barrow, called in the Romance of Sir Amiloun a " croude wain," and still
called in the Eastern Counties a crud-barrow, some notice has been taken under the
word BAROWE. The use of the verb occurs in the following passage, after the descrip-
tion of the leprous knight being placed in the barrow,
" Then Amoraunt crud Sir Amiloun
Thurch mani a cuntre vp and down." Amis and Amiloun.
Moore gives the verb to crowd as signifying in Suffolk to push or shove.
3 This term, as well as several others of synonymous meaning, appear to be onoma-
topeias, and to be traced to their similarity of sound to the noise which they express.
The Medulla explains coax to be " vox ranarum, croudynge of padokys." Palsgrave
gives " to crowle, crouiller. My bely crowleth, I wene there be some padokes in it."
Horman says, " his bely maketh a great crowlynge, patitur bothori/gmon.^ In N.
Britain to croud, according to Ruddiman, signifies the noise of frogs. See Jamicson.
" A crudde, bulducta, cocujillium.'1'' CATH. ANGL. " Cruddes of mylke, mattes." PALSG.
5 The vessels which contained the wine and water for the service of the altar were
CAHD. soc. P
106
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
CRUMME. Mica.
CRTJMM' brede, or oj>er lyke (crum-
myn, K. H.) Mico.
CRTTSCHYLBONE, or grystylbone
(cmsshell, p.)1 Cctrtilago.
CRUSCHYN, or qnascliyn'. Quasso.
CRUSSHYN' bonys. Ocillo, UG.
CRUSKYN', or cruske, coop of erpe.2
Cartesia.
CRUSTE. Crustum, UG.
Cu, halfe a farthynge, or q. (cue,
p.)3 Calcus, c. F. minutum,
CATH.
CUFFE, glove, or meteyne (mytten,
p.) Mitta (cij-oteca, j.)
CUKKOW, byrde (cukhew, bryd, K.)
Cuculus.
CUKKYNGE, or pysynge vesselle.
Scaphium, UG. in scando.
CUKSTOKE, for flyterys, or schy-
called cruets, in Latin phialte, urceoli, amululce, in French burettes, chennettes, &c.
The Constitutions of Walter de Cantilupe in 1240 require that in every church there
should be " duce phialce, una vinaria, altera aquaria ; " and at the Synod of Exeter in
1287 it was ordained that there should be " tres phialce." Wilkins, Concil. i. 666, ii.
139. Among the costly bequests of the Black Prince in 1376 to our Lady's altar at
Canterbury, are mentioned " deux cruetz taillez come deux angeles, pur servir a mesme
I'autier perpetuelement,^ Herman, under the head of things sacred, says, Have
pure wyne and water in the cruettes, amulis."
1 In Norfolk, according to Forby, crish or crush signifies cartilage, or soft bones,
and in Suffolk crussel or skrussel has a similar meaning. Ang. Sax. gristl-ban.
2 This term is derived from the old French word creusequin, which signifies a drink-
ing cup. In a MS. Inventory, dated 1378, 1 Ric. II. in the possession of Sir Thomas
Phillipps, are enumerated " Un petit crusJcyn oue le pee et le couercle d' argent enorre
et eym>. Un crusJcyn de terre garnis d'argent, &c. Un pot d 'argent blanc au guyse
d^un cruskyn, oue le couercle sanz pomelle. Un cruskyn de terre couere de quir bende
en la sumete d'or et le couercle eZ'or." Among the " pertinencia promptuario," in
Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002, occur " cornua, home cuppe, picarius, cruskyn."
3 The smallest Anglo-Saxon coin was the styca, of which two were equal to a far-
thing. Ruding observes that the stycas appear identical with the " minuta," Domesd.
i. f. 268, and the passage rendered in the Saxon Gospels, " twegen stycas," is in the
Wicliffite version, " tweie mynutis, that is a farthing." Mark, xii. 42. See MYNUTE
hereafter. In Duncombe's Hist, of Reculver is given a mortmayn grant, dated 13
Henry VI. 1435, in which half a farthing is named as a portion of rent paid to the
Hospital of Herbaldowne, namely, " xxv schelynges, and the halfin dell of an fferdyng
of rente, and rente jeldynge of a quat' of berr', and an henne and a half, a certell (sar-
cella) and J>e iij parte of a certell," &c. Bibl. Top. i. 151. At the time however that
the Promptorium was compiled it does not appear that there was actually a coin of
this value ; the mite, as well as its equivalent, called here a cu, were merely terms
retained in calculation, and the latter was commonly used at Oxford at a much later
period. It is thus explained by Minsheu, who completed his first edition in that
University. " A cue, i. halfe a farthing, so called because they set down in the
Battling or Butterie bookes in Oxford and Cambridge the letter q. for halfe a farthing,
and in Oxford when they make that cue or q. a farthing, they say, Cap my q.'and make
it a farthing, thus qa. But in Cambridge they use this letter, a little s. for a farthing,
and when they demand a farthing bread or beare, they say a seize of bread or beare.
Latin, culcus, a cue of bread." The abbreviation q. did not, it plainly appears, always
stand as at present for quadrans, a farthing, but denoted a value of only half that amount;
and it seems possible that cue or q. may have been an abbreviation of " calcus, quarta
pars oboU."1"1 ORTUS. The term cue occurs in Beaumont and Fletcher. See Nares's
Glossary.
PROMPTOKIDM PARVULORUM.
107
deiys (cukstolle, K. cucstool,
H.)1 Turbuscetum, cadurca.
CULLYN' owte. Segrego, lego,
separo (eligo, K.)
CULLYNGE, or owte schesynge
(owtclesyng, K. cliesyng, H.
chosinge owte, P.) Separacio,
segregacio.
1 " Terbichetum, a cokstole." ORTUS. "Cokestole, cuckestole, selle a ricaldes."
PALSG. The earliest mention of this mode of punishing female offenders occurs in the
laws of Chester in the time of Edward the Confessor, as stated in Domesd. i. f. 262, b.
The fine for using false measures was fixed at 4 shillings ; " similiter mcdam cervisiam
faciens, aut in cathedra ponebatur stercoris, aut iiij sol. dabat prepositis." It was
called in Ang. Sax. " scealfing-stol, sella urinatoria in qu& rixosce mulieres sedentes
aquis demergebantur." SOMNER. The pillory for male offenders, and cucking stool for
females, were essentially appendant to the view of frank-pledge, or Leet : inquest was
ordered to be made respecting the sufficient provision of both, by the Stat. assigned to
51 Hen. III. c. 6; and among the " Capitula Escaetrie,"1 one of the duties of the
Eseheator is declared to be inquiry " de pilloriis et trumbellis sine licentid Regis le-
vatis." Stat. of Realm, i. 201, 240. It was termed, perhaps from its resemblance to a
warlike engine so called, trebuchet, or trebuchetum. See hereafter TREBGET for werre.
By Bracton it is spoken of as tymborella, and in the Statutes tumbrellus, appellations
likewise derived from its construction. An instance of the jealousy with which any un-
authorized assumption of this manorial right of punishment was repressed, occurs in
the Chron. of Jocelin de Brakelond, p. 38, where it is related that about 1190 certain
encroachments were made on the privileges of the Abbot of St Edmund's Bury, in the
manor of Illegh ; " levaverunt homines de Illega yuoddam trebuchet ad faciendam justi-
ciam pro falsis mensuris panis vel bladi mensurandi, unde conqiiestus est abbas." This
punishment was chiefly inflicted in early times on brewers, who are spoken of always as
females, for any transgression of the assize of ale, " Braciatrix [paciatur] trebuchetum
vel castigatorium y" in Scotland it was used in like manner. Stat. of Realm, i. 201,
and Skene's Reg. Majest. It became subsequently the punishment of scolds, and
women of immoral or disorderly life ; thus in the town of Montgomery such offenders
were adjudged to suffer the penalty " de la Goging-stoole," as appears by a MS. cited
in Blount's Tenures; in the Leet Book of Coventry mention occurs in 1423, of the
" cokestowle made apon Chelsmore grene to punysche skolders and chidders, as ye law
wyll : " and items of account are found so late as 1623, which show that the punish-
ment still continued to be used in that city. Of the "coke-stool" at Norwich, which
was to be provided by the gild of St. George, see Blomf. Hist. ii. 739 ; an account of
expenses connected with another at Kingston-on-Thames is given in Lysons's Env.
i. 233; and in Lord Braybrooke's Hist, of Audley End, p. 261, are mentioned payments
so late as the year 1613, at Saffron Walden, where the scene of such punishments at the
end of the High Street is spoken of in 1484 as the " cokstul hend." In 1555 Mary
Queen of Scots enacted that itinerant singing women should be put on the cuckstoles
of every burgh or town; and the first Homily against contention, part 3, published in
1562, sets forth that "in all well ordred cities common brawlers and scolders be pun-
ished with a notable kind of paine, as to be set on the cucking-stole, pillory, or such
like." AH original cucking-stool, of ancient and rude construction, was preserved in
the crypt under the chancel of St. Mary's, Warwick, where may still be seen the three-
wheeled carriage upon which was suspended by a long balanced pole a cliair which could
readily be lowered into the water, when the cumbrous vehicle had been rolled into a
convenient situation. This chair is still in existence at Warwick. Another cucking-
stool, differently contrived, may be seen at Ipswich in the Custom House; it appears
to have been used by means of a sort of a crane, whereby the victim was slung into
the river, and is represented in the Hist, of Ipswich, published 1830, and Gent. Mag.
Jan. 1831. More detailed information on this curious subject will be found in the
108
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(of smeke,
H. P.)1
CULME of a smcke
H. p.) Fuligo.
(CULPOWN, K. cnlpyn,
Culpum, scissura.
CULRACHE, smerthole, hcrbe (cul-
ratchc, H. p.)2 Persiccaria.
(CULTER for a plowe, P. Cultrum.)
CUM, or come (cvmnyn, K. cvmne,
H.) Venio.
CUM AFTER,or folow(cvmnyn aftyr,
K. cvmne, H.) Succedo, sequor.
CUM DOWNE. Descendo.
CVM YN. Ingredior, introeo.
CVM' TOO. Advenio.
CUMLY (or semely, P.) supra in
COMELY.
COMLY, or ctimlywyse. Decenter.
(CUMLINGE, or newe come, K. p.3
Adventicius, UG. inquilinusS)
(COMMAWNDEMENT, K. H. P. MttU-
datum, preceptum.}
CUMNAWNTE (comnawnt, K. cu-
naunt, p.)4 Pactum, fedus,
convencio.
( CUMNAWNTE brekere, K. Fidi-
fragus.)
CUMNAWNTYN', or make a cum-
nawnte. Convenio, panyo.
CUMPANY. Comitiva, aymeri,
turba, turma, conturbernium,
cetus (conventiculum, proprie,
malorum, p.)
Glossaries of Ducange, Spelman, Blount, and Cowel; as also in Brand's Popular Antiqu.
ii. 441. The term flyterys, here applied to contentious persons, does not occur again
in the Promptorium, but only the verb FLYTIN or chydin. See hereafter KUKSTOLE.
1 Culpon, derived from the Latin colpo^ or the French coupon, a shred, or any por-
tion cut off, is a term not uncommon in the early romances.
" Al to peces thai hewed thair sheldes,
The culpons flegh out in the feldes." Ywaine and Gawin, 641.
Hoveden, speaking of the livery allowed to the King of Scotland at the court of King
Richard in 1194, says he had " 40 grosso* longos colpones de dominica candela Reyis.''''
Chaucer says of the long hair of the Pardoner, which hung " by vnces " on his shoulders,
" Full thinne it laie, by culpons one and one." Cant. Tales, Prologue.
"Culpon that troute " is given as the proper term of the art, in the " Boke of
Kerving," 1508. " Culpit, a large lump of anything." FORBY.
2 The Persicaria hydropiper, Linn, was called culrage, from the French " curaye,
culraye, the hearbe water-pepper, arse-smart, kill-ridge or culerage." COTGB. Its
aphrodisiac properties are thus alluded to by Piers of Fulham,
" An erbe is cause of all this rage
In our tongue called culrage." Hartshorne, Metr. Tales, 133.
3 See COMELYNGE. Sir Ywaine, when he had long time left the lady whom he had
espoused in a foreign land, is called by her messenger, " an unkind cumlyng." Ywaine
and Gawin, 1627. " Komelynge " occurs in Rob. of Gloucester; " comlyng." R. Brunne.
4 Cumnawnte or comenaunt are perhaps corruptions of the French convenant. In
Sir John Howard's Household Book, entries frequently occur of agreements made with
domestics or artificers, always expres.-ed by the term comenaunt. In 1464 his steward
made the following note: "My master made comenaunt at Fressefeld with
Carpenter, y* he schalle be wyth hym this xii monyth, and he shalle have in mony xxx«.
and a gowne, and his comenaunt begynnith the iiii. yer of the Kynge, and the next
Monday before mybelrnesse." Household Expenses in England, presented to the Rox-
burghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. Palsgrave gives " comnant, appoyntment, conuenant.
To comnaunt, conuenancer ; that that I comnaunt with you sliall be parfourmed.
Compare BKEKE couenant above, p. 50; in which instance, if the correct reading
ni.
•"
be
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
109
COMPANYABLE, or felawblc, or
felawly. Socialis.
(CUMPAB, or sercle, P. Girus.)
CUMPASSE, instrument. Circi-
nus, circulus, machina.
CUMPASSYN' (cvmpacyn, K.) Cir-
cino.
CuMPLYNE.1 Completorium.
CI;M>YTE of watyr. Conductus,
aqueductus, aquagium, c. F.
CUNE, or money (coyne of mony,
K.) Nummisma, assarium, c. P.
CUNNE, or to haue cunnynge (cun,
supra in cone, p.) Scio.
(CUNNYNGE, K. p. Sciencici.)
CUNGE, or yeve leve (cungyn, or
zeue leue, K. H. p.)2 Licencio.
CUNGYR, fysche. Congrus, COMM.
CONIURYN', or cuniowryii'. Con-
juro, adjuro, exorcizo.
CONIURYD, or con(iu)ryd. Con-
juratus.
CONIURYNGE, or coniuryngc.
Conjuracio.
CONSTABLE. Constdbularius.
CUNTENAWNCE (or chere, P.)
Vultus.
CUNTRE. Patria.
CONTREMANN, or womann'. Com-
patriota, (patriota, K. p.)
CUPPE. Ciphus, patera, cuppa.
(CUPPE of erthe, P. Carthe-
sia.)
CupBURDE.3 Abacus, c. p.
conuenant, it will accord perfectly with the French word. In the Romance of Sir
Amadas, " conande " occurs in the sense of a covenant:
" The conande was gud and fynne." Weber, Metr. Rom. line 700.
In Mr. Robson's edition the word is printed " couand," possibly a contraction of
** couenand," which is found in the context. See stanzas 63, 64, the Anturs of Arther,
st. 16, and Avowynge of King Arther, s. 38, where occurs the same word " couand."
1 Compline, called in Latin Completorium, complete,, or complenda, "quod ccetera,
<i;,i,-i«i.- ojjl'-iu complet et claudit," DUC. is the service with which in monastic estab-
lishments the day closed, after which, by the rule of St. Benedict, all converse was
forbidden. It was called in Ang. Sax. niht-sang, vespertina cantio, completorium, and
Abbot jElfric speaks of it in his pastoral Epistle translated from Latin into the lan-
guage of England, by order, as he states, of Abp. Wulstan. The seven canonical hours,
that the four synods had appointed for daily services of praise to God, are in this
epistle stated to be matins with the after song appertaining thereto, prime, tierce, sext,
none, vespers, and compline (niht-san^). Ancient Laws and Institutes, ii. 377. See
also the Regularis concordia Angl. nationis monachorum. Amalarius says, " comple-
torium ideo d'icitur quiet, in eo completur fjuotidianus uiU8 cibi vel potus, seu locutio
•'ids." De Eccl. Offic. lib. iv. c. 8. The hour of compline is stated by Fuller,
in his Church History, B. vi. 278, to have been at 7 o'clock, but in Davies' Rites of
the Church of Durham, it is fixed at an earlier hour.
'•* CUNTE, MS. The verb cungyn is evidently derived from the low Latin conyeare,
and French conyiier, signifying to send away, to give license to depart.
3 In the Commentary on the Equiv. Vocab. Interpret, of Job. <le Garlandia abacus is
explained to be the marble table whereon, in the feasts of the ancients, the cups were
plawd; " apud modernos Jit de aliis lapidilux, ,rive de lignis artificiote conjunctis, et
voc'it.-iir a cupborde." The cupboard was, in the more common sense of the word, an
open buffet, whereon a rich display of plate was made, such as Hall and other chron-
iclers describe frequently. It was also sometimes closed with doors, as usual at the
t time; such as in the will of Elizabeth Drury, in 1475, is called a " cupbord
with two ahneries." Rokewode's Hund. of Thingoe, 284. The livery cupboard, often
mentioned in accounts and ordinances of household, was open, and furnished with
110
PROMPTORITJM PARVULORUM.
CURRAYYN' horsys, or oj>er lyke.
Strigillo.
CURRAYYN' ledyr. Cociodio,
KYLW. (corradio, p.)
CURSER, or cow(r)ser. Equus
caballus.
CURATE. Guratus.
CURE, or charge. Cura.
CuRFU.1 Ignitegium.
CURYN', or hyllyn' (cuueren, w.)
Operio, ' cooperio, tego, velo,
CATH.
CURYN', or heelyn' of seekenesse
(liolyn, K. H.) Sana, euro.
CUVERYNGE, or hyllynge, or
thynge fat hyllythe (curyng,
shelves, whereon the ration called a livery, allowed to each member of the household
was placed ; and in well ordered families every dormitory appears to have been supplied
nightly with a substantial provision. In the contract for building Hengrave Hall, in
1538, is the following clause ; " the hall to have ii. coberds, one benethe at the sper
(screen) with a tremor, and another at the hygher tables ende without doors." Pals-
grave gives " cupborde of plate, or to sette plate upon, buffet : cupborde to putte meate
in, dressouer. Methinke my cupborde is ungarnysshed, no we I wante my salte celler."
Cotgrave renders " Buffet, a court-cupboard, or high standing cupboard ; also a cup-
board of plate. Dressoir, a court cupboord (without box or drawer)."
1 The origin of the curfew in England is generally ascribed to the Conqueror, by
whom it was imposed in token of servitude, but the assertion seems to rest on no suf-
ficient authority, and no mention of the usage occurs in the Stat. de nocturnis custodiis,
Ancient Laws and Instit. i. 491. Dr. Henry observes that the custom prevailed,
at the time of the Conquest, in France, and probably in all the countries of Europe,
and was intended merely as a precaution against fires, at a time when cities were con-
structed chiefly of wood. It has been stated also that the custom was abolished by
Henry II. The Statutes of the City of London, 13 Edw. I. enjoin that no one shall
be found in the streets " apres coeverfu persons a Seint Martyn le grav.nt.'1'' Stat. of
Realm, i. 102. Couvre feu, or carfou in France was rung at 7 in the evening, but in
some places at a later hour in summer, and there was also a bell at daybreak. See
Pasquier, iv. 18, and Menage. In England the hour of ringing the curi'ew was eight,
Wats, however, gives nine as the hour in summer; that hour is so named in "the
Merry Devil of Edmonton," and it was the customary time in Scotland, as appears
by Act Parl. 13 James I. 1419, but subsequently was altered to ten. The usage of the
curfew is still retained in the Universities, and many towns and villages in England, as
is likewise the custom of ringing a bell at day-break, or four o'clock. At Lynn, where
the Promptorium was compiled, the largest bell of the principal churches is still tolled
at six, both morning and evening, and serves as a signal to labourers and artizans. The
salutatio angelica, commonly called the angelus, was recited daily morning and evening,
11 ad pulsationem ignitegii," an institution ascribed to St. Bonaventure, but more
probably, as Ducange observes, to Pope John XXII. at the Council of Sens, 1320.
In the Statutes of Lichfield Cathedral, it is ordered as follows: " Est aiitem ignite-
gium qualibet nocte per annum pulsandum hora septimd post meridiem, exceptis illis
festis quibus matutince dicuntur post completorium." In the Institutions of Guarin,
Abbot of St. Alban's, who died 1195, the curfew is called pyritegium. Matt. Paris. The
Medulla renders " ignitegium, a coure feu," in the Ortus "a fyrepanne," alluding
perhaps to such an implement for extinguishing the fire, as is represented in Antiqu.
Repert. i. 89, and which was afterwards in the possession of Horace Walpole at Straw-
berry Hill. " Courefewe, a ryngyng of belles towarde euenyng, couurefev." PALSG.
In the Romance of the Seuyn Sages the word in repeatedly written " corfour bell."
Vlth Tale. " Curfur, ignitegium.''' CATH. ANGL. See curfure in Jamieson. Spelman
gives the Ang. Sax. curfu-bell, but it is not found in Lye. See further on this subject
Brand's Popular Antiqu. ii. 136, and Barrington on the Anc. Stat. 133.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Ill
K. H.) Operculum, velamentum,
velamen, tegimen.
CURYNGE, or heelynge of seke-
nesse. Curacio, sanacio.
CURYNGE, or recurynge of seke-
nesse. Convalescencia.
CURLYD, as here. Crispus.
CURLYNGE of here. Crispitudo.
CURLEW, byrde. Coturnix, or-
togameter, ortogametra, c. F.
CURCE. Excommunicatio, ana-
thema, maledictio.
(CURSYD, K. Excommunicatus,
maledictus.}
CURSYN'. Excommunico, ana-
thematizo, cateziso, maledico.
CURTEYSE. Facetus, urbanus,
curialis.
CURTESY. Facecia, urbanitas,
curialitas.
CURTEYNE. Curtina.
CURTLAGE, or gardeyn'. Olera-
rium, curtilagium.
Cus,or kysse. Osculum,basium, C.F.
CUSCHONE (cusshyn, p.) Cus-
cina, supinum.
CUSTUM, or vse. Consuetude, ritus.
CUSTUM, kyngys dute. Custuma,
(usucaptio, P.)
CUSTUMABLE. SolitUS, COUSUetUS.
CUSTUMABLY. Consuete, solite.
CUSTUMMERE. Custumarius, usu-
captor, c. F. consuetudinarius.
CUTTE a-sundere. Scissus.
CUT, or lote. Sors.
CUTTYN' (cutte, or cutton, p.)
Scindo, seco, CATH.
CUTTYYN' a-way. Abscindo, reseco,
amputo.
CUTTE vynes. Puto, c. F.
CUTTYNGE of vynys. Putacio.
CUTTYNGE. Scissura.
CUTTYNGE, or a-voydaunce yn any
materyalle thynge, (mater', p.)
or refuse. Resecamen, putamen.
CUTTPURS. Burscida, et inde
burscidium, actus ejus, cucufri-
dramus.
(CuT PURSINGE, P. Burcidium.)
DAFFE, or dastard, or he }>at
spekythe not yn tyme.1 Ori-
durus, CATH.
DAGGARE, to steke wythe men'.
Pugio (clunabulum, armicu-
dium, P.)
DAGGE of clothe. Fractillus,
CATH.
DAGGYDE.2 Fractillosus.
1 This term of reproach occurs in Piers Ploughman and Chaucer,
" Thou*dotest daffe, quod she, dulle are thy wittes."
Chaucer uses the expressions, "a daffe, or a cokenay," in a similar sense, and " be-
daffed," made a fool of,
" Beth not bedaffed for your innocence." Clerkes Tale.
In the " seconde fyt of curtasie " occurs the following advice :
" Let not )?e post be-cum )>y staf,
Lest \)ou be callet a dotet daf." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 28, b.
4 DRAGGYDE, MS. daggyd, K. p. Chaucer, among the costly fashions of the reign of
Richard II. which are satirized in the Parson's Tale, speaks of " pounsed and dagged
clothing;" this custom of jagging of foliating the edge of a garment had commenced
in the previous reign, and is curiously represented in the History of the Deposition of
112
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DAGGYN'. Fractillo.
DAGGYSWEYNE.1 LodlX, CATH. 0. F.
DAY. Dies.
DAY BE DAY, or ouery day (or
daily, or euery day, p.) Quo-
tidie.
DAYYN', or wexyn day (dawyn, K.)2
Diesco.
DAYS rawarde or hyre, or ofer
lyke. Diarium, c. F.
DAYSY, flowre. Consolida mi-
nor, et major dicitur confery
(cownfery, K.)
DALE, or vale. Vallis.
DAYLY, or pley (daly, K. p.)3
Tessura, c. F. («/ea, clecius, K.)
DALYAUNGE. Confabulacio, col-
locucio, colloquium.
DALYYN', or talkyn'. Fabulor,
confabulor, colloquor.
DALKE.4 Vallis (supra in dale, P.)
DALLYN, or hallesyn (halsyn, K.)
Amplector.
DALLYNGE, or halsynge. Am-
plexus.
DALMATYK, K. p.)5 Dalmatica.')
Richard, Harl. MS. 1319. Archseologia, vol. xx. Chaucer uses also the diminutive
dagon; thus in the Sompnoures Tale the importunate Friar, who went from house to
house to collect anything he could lay hands upon, craves " a dagon of your blanket,
leve dame." Ang. Sax. " dag, anything that is loose, dagling, dangling." SOMN.
1 A bed-covering, or a garment formed of frize, or some material with long thrums
like a carpet, was termed a daggysweyne ; lodix is explained in the Ortus to be " quic-
quid in lecto supponitur, et proprie pannus villosus, Anglice a blanket.'* Herman says,
" my bed is covered with a daggeswaine and a quylte (gausape et centone) some dag-
waynys haue longe thrumys (fractillos) and iagg} on bothe sydes, some but on one." So
likewise Elyot gives " Gausape, a mantell to caste on a bed, also a carpet to lay on a
table, some cal it a dagswayne." Andrew Borde, in the Introduction of Knowledge,
1542, puts the following speech in the mouths of the Frycelanders :
" And symple rayment doth serue us full well,
With dagswaynes and roudges we be content."
Harrison relates in the description of England, written in Essex during the reign of
Elizabeth, that the old men in his village used to say, " our fathers (yea and we our
selues also) haue lien full oft vpon straw pallets, on rough mats couered onelie with a
sheet, under couerlets made of dagswain, or hopharlots (I vse their owne termes) and a
good round log vnder their heads insteed of a bolster." Holinshed, Chron. i. 188.
2 " The dayng of day," Anturs of Arther, edited by Mr. Robson, st. 37. See DAWYN.
8 The Council of Worcester, in 1240, ordained regarding the Clergy, " nee ludant
ad aleas vel taxillos ; the latter game was probably the same^fwhich is here termed
DAYLY, but in what respect it differed from ordinary dice-play has not been ascer-
tained. Ducange supposes it may have been the same as the French " trictrac, Indus
scrupulorum.'" Herman says that " men pley with 3 dice, and children with 4 dalies,
astraffulis vel tails. Wolde God I coude nat playe at the dalys, aleaiu. Cutte this
flessche into daleys, tessellas."
4 Delk, according to Forby, signifies in Norfolk a small cavity either in the soil, or
the flesh of the body. In this last sense the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth inter-
prets the expression "era cool troueret la fosset, a dalke in )>e nekke." Arund. MS.
220, f. 297, b.
5 The dalmatic is a sacred vestment, so named, according to St. Isidore, from its having
originated in Dalmatia, and was introduced into the Christian church by St. Silvester,
P.P. in the 4th century, as stated by Alcuin, who describes it as " vestimentum in modum
crucis haleits in sinistra sud 'parte jlmbrias, dexlrd it's carentc, inconsutile, et cum
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM. 113
DAME, or hye bankys (dam or
heybanck. K.) Agger (stag-
num, K. P.)
DAMAGE, or haraie. Dampnum.
DAMASYN', tre. Nixa.
DAMASYN, frute. Prunum Da-
mascenum, coquinella.
(DAME, K. P. Domina.)
DAMESELLE. Domicella.
DAMPNACYONE. Dampnacio.
DAMPNYD. Dampnatus.
DAMPNYNGE, idem est quod
dcimpnacio.
DAMNYN'. DampnOj condempno.
DAPYR, or praty.1 Elegans.
DARYN', or drowpyn', or prively to
be hydde (priuyly to hydyn, K.
prevyly ben hyd, H.)2 Latito,
lateo, OATH.
DARYNGE, or drowpynge (drou-
largis manicis." It was specially appropriated to the deacon, who was vested there-
with at the time of his ordination, and therefore St. Stephen and St. Laurence, who
were deacons of the Church, are always represented as wearing this vesture. A very
interesting portraiture of the former will be found in a MS. of Xlth cent. Calig. A.
xiv. In early times the dalmatic was ornamented with longitudinal bands, called
clavi, which were either of gold, as in the illumination just mentioned, or purple;
"• Dalmata, vestis sacerdotalis Candida cum clavis purpureis.'1'' Gloss. S. Isid. Orig.
Hence the epithets auroclavus, chrysoclavus, and purpura clavatus. To these bands
were attached at intervals the plagulce, as exhibited in the illumination of the Bible of
Charles the Bald at Paris, executed in the IXth century, engraved in Montfaucon
Mon. Franc, torn, i, and the splendid work published by the Comte Bastard. See also
the curious German Missal, Xth cent. Harl. MS. 2908, and the illumination in Cott.
MS. Claud. A. in. supposed to represent St. Dunstan. In the Ang. Sax. Inventory
of sacred ornaments given by Bp. Leofric to the church of Exeter about A.D. 1050,
occur " 2 dalmatica, 3 pistel roccas." Mon. Angl. i. 222. These last were probably
tunicles, vestments appropriated to the order of subdeacon, as was the dalmatic to that
of deacon ; in effigies and representations that exist in England of ecclesiastics in pon-
tijicalibus, both vestments are almost invariably exhibited. The Legate Ottoboni or-
dained, A.D. 1268, that if any Prelate neglected to punish the immoral conduct of his
clergy, " Episcopus a dalmaticce, tunica, et sandaliorum usu sit suspensus donee
diixerit quce statuta sunt exequenda.'''' Wilkins, Cone. xi. 5.
1 DRAPYR, or party, MS. dapyr, or praty, K. P. Palsgrave gives " daper, proper,
mignon, godin ; dapyrnesse, propernesse, mignotterie.'"
2 A very usual sense of the verb to dare, in the old writers, is to gaze about, or stare;
Palsgrave gives " to dare, prye, or loke about me, je advise alentour. What darest
thou on this facyon, me thynketh thou woldest catche larkes P1'
" With woodecokkys lerne for to dare." Lydgate, Minor Poems, 174.
The same signification has been assigned, by Tyrwhitt and the commentators on
Chaucer, to an expression occurring in the Shipman's Tale, the true import of which
appears above to be made clear. Dan John rallies the old merchant's wife on the slug-
gishness of her spouse :
"an olde appalled wight,
As ben thise wedded men, that lie and dare,
As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare."
Chaucer appears evidently here to use dare in the sense given to the word in the Promp-
torium of lying concealed, as an animal in its den, which is termed hereafter DWERE,
or dowere. 4i Dilatesco, to biginne to dare. Lateo, to lurk." MED. Cotgrave gives
" blotir, to squat, ly close to the ground, like a daring larke, or affrighted fowle."
•.'AMD. SOC. Q
114
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
kynge, H. droukinge, p.) Lici-
tacio (latitatio, K. H. p.)
DARTE. Jaculum, telum, spicu-
lum (spilum, p.)
DARN, or durn (damn, daren, or
dorn, p.) Audeo.
DASYD, or be-dasyd. Vertiginosus.
DASMYN', or messen as eyys (da-
syn, or myssyn as eyne, H.
iyen, p.)1 Caligo.
DASTARD, or dullarde.2 Duri-
buctius (vel duribuccus, p.)
DATE, frute. Dactilus.
DATE, of Scripture. Datum.
DAWBER, or cleymann'. Argil-
larius, bituminarius, KYLW.
linitor (lutor, p.)
DAWBYNV Limo, muro (banni-
no, P.)
DAWNCE. Tripudium.
DAWNCE yn a sorte (in sercle, P.
cercle, H.) Chorea.
DAWNCERE. Tripudiator, tri-
pudiatrix.
DAWNCELEDERE. Coralles.
DAWNCYNGE, idem est quod
• DAWNCE.
DAWNCYNGE PYPE. Carola.
DAWNCYN'. Tripudio, salto.
DAUNGE(R), or grete passage
(dawnger, K. streyte passage,
p.) Arta via.
(DAWNGERE, K. daunger', P.
Domigerium.}
DAWNGEROWSE (or strauge, p.
Daungerosus (domigeriosus,
K. P.)
DAWYN', idem est quod DAYYN'
(dawnyn or dayen, p.)4 Auroro,
CATH.
1 The derivation of this word appears, according to Skinner and Junius, to be from
Ang. Sax. dwaes, hebes, slultus; the Teut. daesen, insanire, phantasmate turbari is
more closely assimilated to it. In the Wicliffite version Gen. xxvii. 1 is rendered
thus: " Foresothe Isaac wax eld, and hise jen dasewiden." The word is repeatedly
used by Chaucer.
" Thin eyen dasen, sothly as me thinketh." Manciple's Prol.
2 " Duribuccus, J>at neueropene)> his mouh, a dasiberde." MED. "A daysyberd, duri-
luccus." CATH. ANGL. " Dastarde, estourdy, lutarin.'" PALSG. See DAFFE and DUL-
LARDE.
3 Palsgrave gives the verbs "to dawbe with clay onely; to daube with lime, plaster,
or lome, that is tempered with heare or straw. Dauber, placqueur," Forby states that
a dauber in Norfolk is a builder of walls with clay or mud, mixed with stubble or short
straw well beaten and incorporated, and so becoming pretty durable; it is now difficult
to find a good dauber. This mode of constructing fences for farm-yards and cottage
walls is much used in Suffolk, as appears by Sir John Cullum's account of the process,
Hist, of Hawsted, 195, and Moore's explanation of the term " daabing." The proverb
given by Ray, "there's craft in dawbing," would make it appear that this mode of
construction was once more generally known ; in the Western counties it is still in con-
tinual use, being known by the appellations cob, or rad and dab, a curious article on
which, and on the use of concrete in building generally, will be found in Quart. Rev.
vol. Iviii. 524.
4 "To dawe, diere, diescere, diet, impersonale." CATH. ANGL. This verb is used
by Chaucer :
" Thus laboureth he, till that the day gan dawe." Marchant's Tale.
Palsgrave gives " to dawe as the day dothe, adjourner, V aube se crieve. To dawe from
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
115
DAWNYNGE of the day. Ante-
lucanum, c. F. HER. ante luca-
nus, qui surgit ante lucem, c. F.
UG.
DAWNTYN', supra in CHERSYNV
DAW(N)TYNGE, or grete cher-
synge (dauntinge, or greate
cherisshinge P.) Forio, CATH.
DEBATE. Dissencw, sedicio, CATH.
DEBATE MAKER, or baratour.2
Incentor, CATH.
DECEYTE, or begylynge. Fraus,
decepcio, dolus, meander, c. F.
DECEYUABLE (deceywabyl, K.)
Deceptorius, fraudulentus, fal-
lax.
DECEYUAR. Fraudator, tiptes, C.F.
DECEYVYN'. Dectpto, fraudo,
defraudo, fallo (supplanto, P.)
DEDE or dethe, substantyue.
Mors, letum, interitus.
DEDE, adiectyue. Mortuus, de-
functus.
DEDE, or werke. Factum (accio,
*•)
DEDELY. Mortalis.
DEDELY. Mortaliter, letaliter.
DEDELY ENMY. Hosticus, c. F.
DEDELYNESSE. Mortalitas.
DYFFAMYN' (or defamyn, p.)
Defamo, diffamo, CATH.
DEFFE. Surdus.
DEFAWTE. Defectus.
DEFAWTY. Defectivus.
DEFENCE. Defencio, tuicio, mu-
nimen, munimentum, tutela.
DEFENSYN'. Defenso, munio.
DEFENSOWRE (defendour, K. p.)
Defensor.
DEFEND YN'. Defendo, tego, pro-
tego, tutOj tutor, tueor, CATH.
DEFENDYN', or forbedyn'. Pro-
hibeo, inhibeo.
DEFYYN' (or broken, p.) mete or
drynke.3 Digero.
DYFFYYN', or vtterly dyspysyn'.
swounyng ; when a dronken man swouneth, there is no better medecyne to dawe hym
with, than to throwe maluesy in hys face. To dawne or get lyfe in one that is fallen in
a swoune ; I can nat dawne hym, get me a kaye to open hia chawes." Compare DAYYN,
or wexyn day. Ang. Sax. dagian, lucescere.
1 DAWNCYN', MS. " To dawnte, blanditractare," CATH. ANGL. In N. Britain to
dawt has the same signification. See Jamieson. In the vision of Piers Ploughman to
daunt appears to mean to tame by kind treatment ; the allusion is to the dove which
was trained by Mahomet to come to his ear for her food.
" Thorugh his sotile wittes
He daunted a dowve." Vision, line 1042.
In Norfolk to daunt is used in the sense of knocking down, Fr. dompter, as by Pals-
grave, " To dawnte, mate, overcome, je matte. Lydgat. This terme is yet scarsly
admitted in our comen spetche."
2 See BARATOWRE. In " the Charge of the Quest of Warmot in euery. Warde,"
given by Arnold, in the Customs of London, p. 90, inquiry is ordered to be made " yf
ther be ony comon ryator, barratur, &c. dwelling wythin the warde." The term is
taken from the French barateur, in low Latin larateriits, which have the same
meaning.
* "To defy, degere, degerere. A defiynge, digestio," CATH. ANG. This word occurs
in Piers Ploughman, where repenting Gluttony makes a vow to fast, and that
" Shal never fyssh on Fryday
Defyen in my wombe." line 3253.
See
116 TROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Vilipendo, floccipendo, sperno,
aspernor, aporio, c. F.
DEFYYNGE of mete, or drynke.1
Digestio.
DEFYYNGE, or dyspysynge. Vi-
lipencio, floccipencio.
DEFFENESSE. Surditas.
DEFFE NETTYLLE. ArcJumge-
lus.
DEFOWLYD. Deturpatus, macu-
latus, feculentus (dehonestatus,
*•)
DEFOWLYN', or make fowle. In-
j deturpo, violo, polluo.
DEFOWLYNGE. Deturpacio, ma-
culacio.
DEFFE, or dulle (defte, K. deft,
H. p.)2 Obtusus, agrestis,
Aristotelis in politicis (ebes, p.)
DEYE.S Androchia, c. F.
See also line 457. In the same sense it is used in the Wicliffite version, and by Gower.
To defy has also the signification of dissolve ; thus Master Langfrank of Meleyne in
one of his prescriptions, directs certain substances to be compounded, and " make pelotes,
and defy one of heme in water of rewe." MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps.
See FYIN, or defyiii mete and drynk.
1 Drynge, MS.
3 Jamieson observes that deaf signifies properly stupid, and the term is transferred in
a more limited sense to the ear. It is also applied to that which has lost its germinating
power : thus in the North, as in Devonshire, a rotten nut is called deaf, and barren corn
is called deaf corn, an expression literally Ang.-Sax. An unproductive soil is likewise
termed deaf. The plant lamium, or archangel, known by the common names dead or
blind nettle, in the Promptorium, has the epithet DEFFE, evidently because it does not
possess the stinging property of the true nettle.
3 "Androchia, a deye," Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. " A deye, Androchius, androchea.
genatarius, genetharia. A derye, androchiarium, bestiarium, genetheum."" CATH.
ANG. The daia is mentioned in Domesday, among assistants in husbandry, and the
2d Stat. 25 Edw. III., A.D. 1351, occasioned by the exorbitant demand for wages made
by servants after the pestilence, enacts that " chescun charatter, earner, chaceour des
carues, bercher, porcher, deye et tous autres servautz" should be content with such
rate of wages as had been previously usual, and serve not by the day, but the year, or
other usual term. The term is again found in Stat. 37 Edw. III., A.D. 1363, c. 14,
" de mctu et vestitu," which defines the homely provision and attire suitable to the estate
of " charetters, &c. lovers, vachers, berchers, porchers, deyes, et touz a^ltres gardeinz
des bestes, batours des bleez, et toutes maneres des gentz d^estate de garson, entendantz
a husbandi-ie," not having goods or chattels of 40s. value. The word is rendered here
in the translations " deyars," and "dairymen," and by Kelham is explained to signify
drivers of geese. The Stat. 12 Rich. II. c. 4, A.D. 1388, fixes the wages of all servants
for husbandry, and rates the porcher, fernrne laborer, and deye at \js. each by the year.
The word is here translated "deye" and " deyrie woman." In the Stat. 23 Hen. VI.
c. 13, by which the wages of such servants were assessed at double the previous rate,
the term deye is no longer used. It appears by Fleta, 1. ii. c. 87, de caseatrice, that the
androchia was a female servant who had the charge of all that pertained to the " daVria,"
and of making cheese and butter. A more detailed account of her duties is given by Alex.
Neccham, Abbot of Cirencester, A.D. ]213, in his Summa de nomini&iis utensilium.
" Assit et androgia (vne baesse) que gallinis ova supponat pullificancia, et anseribus
acera substernat ; que agnellos morbidos, non dico anniciilos, in sua teneritate lacte
foveat alieno. Vitulos autem et subrumos (sevlement denies) ablactatos inclusos
teneat in purgulo juxta femile. Cujus indumenta in festivis diebus sint matronales
scrapelline (pelysains) recinium (riueroket) teristrum. Hujus (androgie) autem usus,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
117
DEYYN'. Morior, olio, interio,
decedo.
DEYYNGE (deying, supra in dethe,
K.) Defunctio.
DENTE (deynte, K. H. P.) Lauticia,
c. F.
DEYNTE mete. Cupes, cupium,
CATH. (delicie, K.)
DEYRYE (deyery, K.) Androchi-
anum, KYLW. vaccaria, andro-
chiarium (androchiatorium.')
DEKYN'. Diaconus, levita.
DELE, or parte.1 Porcio.
DEL ARE, or he ]>at delythe. Dis-
tributor, partitor.
DELARE, or grete almysse yevere
(elmesjeuer, K. greate alines
gyuer, P.) Rogatorius, c. F.
DELYCATE, or lycorowse. Deli-
catus (lautus, P.)
DELYCE, or deyntes.2 Delicie.
DELYCYOWSE. Deliciosus, delica-
tus.
DELYN' almesse.3 Erogo, distribuo.
DELYTYN', or haue lykynge. De-
lector, delecto, c. F. CATH.
DELYUERER. Liberator, delibe-
rator.
DELYUERAUNCE. Liberacio.
DELYUERYD. Liberatus, erutus.
subulcis colustrum et bubulcis et armentariis. Domino autem el suis collateralibus in
obsoniis (supers) oxigallum sive quactum in cimbiis ministrare, et catulis in abditorio
repositis pingue serum cum pane fulfureo porriyere." Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. f. 15 b.
The French interlinear gloss which gives here laesse, signifying a female servant of an
inferior class, is not contemporary with the MS. This account satisfactorily illustrates
Chaucer's description of the poor \vidow who lived on the produce of her little farm,
her three sows and kine, and one sheep ; her fare was milk and brown bread in plenty,
" Seinde bacon, and sometime an ey or twey,
For she was as it were a maner dey." Nonnes Priest's Tale.
The deye was sometimes a male servant ; thus in the commentary on Neccham it is stated
that " androgia dicitur ab andros, vir, et genet, mulier, qida id ojficium exercelur a viro
et muliere" and Bp. Kennett cites the " compotus Henrici Deye et uxoris de exitibus et
proveneniibus de dayri," A.D. 1407. See the word kevere in his Glossary. Palsgrave
gives " dey wyfe, meterie^ i. e. metayere, and Shakespeare speaks of the " day woman,"
Love's Labour Lost, i. sc. 2. See Douce's Illustrations. Jamieson has discussed the
obscure etymology of the word dey. In Gloucestershire and the neighbouring counties
day-house signifies dairy-house, and many instances are met with among names of places.
See Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua.
1 See hereafter EY^TYNDELE, mesure, and HALVUNDEL. In the Rot. Parl. A.D. 1423,
mention is made of a " thredendels, or tercyan," 84 gallons of wine, or the third part of
a " tonel." The Ortus gives " sepile, somdele ofte ; $abriolus, semdele sober/* In the
Legcnda Aur, occurs the word " euerydeale," which is rendered by Palsgrave "tout tant
qu'il y a." He gives also, " by the halfe deale, la moitie ; any deale, goutte ; neuer a
deale, riens qui soyt ; somdele grete, small, wyse, quelque peu" Ang. Sax. dsel, pars.
a In the Legenda Aur. it is related of St. Genevieve, that " in her refeccyon she had
no thynge but barly bread, and sometyme benes, ye whiche soden after xiiij dayes, or thre
wekes she etc for all delyces."
3 " To dele, distribitere, dispergere, erogare.'''' CATH. ANG. This verb in its primary
use has the sense of division or separation. Thus the Gloss on Gautier de Bibeles-
worth,
" Car par bolenger (baker) est seueree (to deled)
Laflur, enfourfere (bran) aim demorce." Arund. MS. 220.
118
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DELYVERE (or quycke, in besy-
nesse, p.)1 Vivax.
DELYVERYN'. Libero.
DELYVERYN, or helpyn' owte of
wooe. Eruo, eripio.
DELUAR, or dyggar. Fossor.
DELVYN'.S Fodio.
DELVYNGE. Fossura,fossatura.
DELVYN' vp owte of the erthe.
E/odio, OATH.
DEMAR (or domes man, p.) Ju-
dicator (judex, P.)
DEMYN'. Judico, dijudico.
DEMYNGE, or dome. Judicium.
DEN, hydynge place. Spelunca,
latibulum, specus
DEN, or forme of a beste. Lus-
trum, UG.
DEENE, or denerye (dene of de-
nerye, K.) Decanus.
DENERYE. Decanatus.
DENYYN, or naytyn'. Nego, de-
nego.
DENTYN', or yndentyn'. Indento.
DEPARTYN'.S Divido, partior.
DEPARTYN' a-sundyr yn' to dyuerse
placys. Separo.
DEPE. Profundus.
DEPENESSE. Profunditas, alti-
tude.
DEPENESSE of vatur (watyr, K.)
Gurges.
1 This word appears to be taken from the French, delivre, and is very frequently
used in old writers. " Industris, sleyghe, bisy, or deliuur." MED. GRAMM.
" Deliuerly he dressed vp, er the day sprenged."
Gawayn and Grene Kny3t, 2009.
Palsgrave gives " delyuer of ones lyrames, as they that prove mastryes, souple; de-
lyver, redy, quicke to do anything, agile, delivre; delyuernesse of body, souplesse"
Thomas, in his Italian Grammar, renders '* snello, quicke, deliuer." BEYN, or
plyaunte, has already occurred, and bain is still used in Norfolk in the same sense ; the
word has also, as shown by Jamieson, the sense of alert, lively, active, or of prepared,
made ready, as has been observed above in the note on BAYNYD, as benys or pesyn.
2 The verb to delve, Ang. Sax. delfan, appears to have become obsolete in Norfolk,
and is now rarely used in Suffolk, but the substantive delf, a deep ditch or drain, is
still retained. The verb occurs frequently in early writers. In the Legenda Aur.
occurs this expression, "I have dolphen in the depe erthe;" and it is related that
when St. Donate conjured his wife, after her death, to reveal where she had concealed
some treasure, " she answered out of the sepulcre, and sayd, at the entre of the hous,
where I dalue it." In the Wicliffite version, 2 Chron. xxxiv. 10, the expression occurs,
" stonys hewid out of pe delues (eper quarreris). " Cott. MS. Claud. E. n. " Aurife-
della, a gold delfe." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. Delph and delf occur not infrequently
as names of places in the fenny districts of the Eastern counties.
"To departe, abrogare, disjungere, separare. Departiabylle, divisibilis. To departe
membres. To departe herytage, herecescere. Departyd (or abrogate) alrogatus, dis-
plosiis, phariseus, scismaticus. A departynge, hceresis, divisio, scisma," &c. CATH.
ANO. In the will of Lady Fitzhugh, A.D. 1427, is the bequest, "I wyl yat myn
howsehold s'uantz haue departed emag theym a C. marc." Wills and Inv. Surtees
Soc. i. 75. So it is said of Christ in the Legenda Aur. " he shall departe the heete of
the fyre fro the resplendour and bryghtnesse." Palsgrave gives the verb, "to departe,
deuyde thynges asonder that were myxed or medled together; departe this skayne of
threde, desmesler. Departe or distribute the partes of a thynge to dyuers persons, mes-
(Mirftr." Fr. departir, to separate or distribute, in low Latin, dispertire.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
119
DEPOSE (depos, or weed, H. wed,
p.) Depositum.
DEPRIVED or putten' a-wey a
}>ynge, or takyn' a-way fro
a-nodyr. Privo, deprive.
DERE. Cams.
DERYNGE, or noyynge.1 Nocu-
mentum, gravamen.
DERKE, or merke. Tenebrosus
obscurus (teter, caliginosus, p.)
DARKENESSE. Tenebrositas.
DERKYN', or make derke or merke.
Obscuro, CATH. obtenebro.
DERLYNGE. Cams, cara.
DERLOURTHY, idem est quod DERE
(derworthy, K.)
DERNEL, a wede. Zizania, CATH.
lollium.
DERTHE (or derke, p.) Cariscia,
c. F.
DERTHYN', or make dere. Ca-
risco, carioro.
DESE, of hye benche (desse, or
heybenche, K. dees, H.)2 Sub-
sellium, c. F. dindimus, or-
cestra, UG. c. F.
DESCRYNGE (descryynge, K. H.)
Descripcio.
1 The verb to dere, or hurt, is commonly used by Chaucer, and most writers, until
the XVIth century.
" Fyr ne schal hym nevyr dere." Goer de Lion, 1638.
Fabyan observes, under the year 1194, *' so fast besyed this good Kyng Rycharde to
vex and dere the infydelys of Sury." Palsgrave gives " to dere, or hurte, or noye, nuire;
I wyll never dere you by my good wyll. To dere, grieve, blecer; a lytell thynge wyll dere
hym." Sir Thomas Browne mentions dere among words peculiar to Norfolk, in which
county it still has the sense of sad or dire. See Jamieson. Ang. Sax. derian, nocere,
derung, Icesio. NOYYNGE occurs hereafter.
2 The term dese, Fr. deis or daix, Lat. dasium, is used to denote the raised platform
which was always found at the upper end of an hall, the table; or, as here in the Promp-
torium, the seat of distinction placed thereon, and finally the hanging drapery, called
also seler, cloth of estate, and in French del, suspended over it. With regard to its
etymology, various conjectures hare been offered by Ducange, Menage, and others.
See also Jamieson's Dictionary. Matt. Paris, in his account of the election of John de
Hertford, Abbot of St. Alban's, A.D. 1235, and the customary usages on the occasion,
says, " solus in refectorio prandebit (electus) supremus, kabens vastellum, Priore pran-
dente ad magnam mensam quani Dais vulgariter appellamus." Ducange suggests that
vastellum may here mean a canopy or hanging dais, from Ang. Sax. vatel, legmen, um-
braculum. Chaucer, in his Prologue, describes the haberdasher and his companions,
members of a fraternity, and having the appearance of fair burgesses, such as sit " at a
yeld hal, on the hie deys." Gower speaks of a king at his coronation feast, "sittend
upon his hie deis." In the Boke of Curtasye, Sloan e MS. 1986, f. 17, written
about the time of Henry VI. a person coming into the hall of a lord, at the time of first
meat, is advised not to forget
" J>e stuard, countroller, and tresurere
Sittand at de deshe J>ou haylse in fere."
In the ceremonial of the inthronization of Abp. Nevill, A.D. 1464, after the Lord and
the strangers had entered, the marshal and other officers were to go towards the " hygh
table, and make obeisance, first in the midst of the hall, and agayne before the hygh
dease." Leland, Coll. vi. 8.
120
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DESCRYYNV Describe.
DESERT, or meryte.2 Meritum.
DESERVYN', or worthy to haue
mede or magre (be worthy to
havyn, K.) Mereor, CATH.
DESERTE, or wyldernesse. De-
sertum, solitudo.
DESYRE, or yernynge (jernyng,
H.) Desiderium, optacio.
DESYRYDE. Desideratus, optatus.
DESYRYN'. Desidero, opto, af-
fecto, appeto.
DESKE. Pluteum, quere infra in
LECTRON' (ambo, K.)
DESPYSE (despyte, K. H. p.
Contemptus, despeccio, impro-
perium.
DESPYSYN'. Despicio, sperno.
DESTEYNE (or happe, K. destenye,
H.) Fa turn.
DESTROYERE. Destructor, dissi-
pator.
DESTROYYDE. Destructus, dis-
sipatus.
DESTROYYN'. Destruo, dissipo.
DESTROYYN', a cuntre (or feeldis,
p.) Depopulor, depredo, de-
vasto.
DESTRUCCYONE (or destriynge,
K.) Destructio^ dissipacio.
DETTE. Debitum.
DETTERE (dettoure, K.P.) Debitor.
DETRACCYON', or bagbytynge (bak-
bytynge, K.) Detraccio, oblo-
quium.
DETRACTOWRE. Detractor, ob-
locutor.
DEWE. Ros.
DEWLE, or devylle. Diabolus,
demon.
DEVYCE, purpose. Seria, KYLW.
DEVYDYN', supra in DEPARTYN'.
(DEVYDEN, or cleuen asunder, p.
Findo.)
DEWYN, or yeve dewe. Roro,
CATH.
(DEDYNITE, K. H. Theologia.}
DEW LAPPE, syde skyn' vndur a
bestys throte. Peleare, CATH.
DEUOCYONE. Devocio.
(DEVERE, or dute, K. H. deuour, p.
Diligentia, debitum, opera.}
DEVOWRAR. Devorator.
DEVOWRYN'. Devoro.
DEVOWTE. Devotus.
DYAMAWNTE, or dyamownde.
Adamas.
DYALE, or dyel, or an horlege
(dial, or diholf of an horlage, K.
orlage, P.) Horoscopus, c. p.
DYCARE (dyker, H. P.) Fossor.
DYCE. Alea, tessera, taxillus.
DYCE PLAY (dicepleyinge, K.)
Aleatura.
1 This verb is directly taken from the old French descrier, and is by some writers
used to denote the enuntiation, or distinction generally of the combatants by their coat
armour, either previously to entering the lists, or at other times, duties which devolved
upon the heralds.
" Herawdes goode descoverours
Har strokes gon descrye." Lybeaus disconus, line 926.
In the Vision of Piers Ploughman occurs an allusion to the usage that heralds of arms
" discryued lordes." Palsgrave gives "to descryue or descrybe or declare ye facyona
or maners of a thynge, Uasonner; Ptolemye hath discryued yc worlde."
2 DESEEIT, MS. Desert, H. deserte, P.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
121
DYCE PLEYARE. Aleator, aleo.
DYCYN', or pley wythe dycys. Aleo.
DYCYN', as men do brede, or ober
lyke (or make square, P.)
Quadra.
DYDERYN' for colde.1 Frigucio,
rigeo.
DYDERYNGE (for colde, p.) Fri-
gitus.
(DYDOPPAR, watyr byrde, infra
in DOPPAR.)
DYCHE, or dycyde.
DYFFYNYN, or deme for sekyr.
Diffinio, CATH.
DYGGYJ?, supra in DELVYN'.
DYKE. Fossa, fovea, antrum.
DYKEN', or make a dyke. Fosso.
DYLLE, herbe. Anetum.
DYMME (or dyrk, K.) Obscurus.
DYMME, or harde to vndyrstonde.
Misticus.
DYMMYN', or make dymrne. Ob-
scuro.
DYRKENESSE. Obscuritas.
DYNE, or noyse. Sonitus, stre-
pitus (crepitus, K.)
DYNER. Jantaculum, CATH.
(prandium, P.)
DYGNYTE (or worthynesse, P.)
Dignitas, probitas.
DYNYN'.S Jantor, janto, CATH.
DYNDELYN'.S Tinnio.
DYPPYN' yn lycour. Intingo, CATH.
DYPPYNGE yn' lycore. Intmctio.
DYRYGE, offyce for dedemen'
(dyrge, p.)4 Exequie.
1 "To dadir, frigucio, et cetera ubi to whake.'' CATH. ANGL. " Ba rboter de froid,
to chatter or didder for cold, to say an ape's Paternoster." COTGR. Skinner gives this
word as commonly used in Lincolnshire, " a Belg. sitteren, prce frigore tremere.'1''
The Medulla renders ttfrigucio^ romb for cold." In the Avowynge of King Arther,
edited by Mr. Robson, to " dedur " has the sense of shaking, as one who is soundly
beaten; and in the Towneley Mysteries, Noah's wife, hearing his relation of the approach-
ing deluge, says,
" I dase and I dedir
For ferd of that taylle." p. 28.
" Didder, to have a quivering of the chin through col£." FORBY. See Brockett's
Glossary, the verb dither in the Dialect of Craven, and Hartshorne's Salopian
Glossary.
2 DYMYN', MS.
3 This verb is given in. a somewhat different sense, namely, of suffering acutely, *' to
dindylle, candoUre.'"1 CATH. ANGL. Brockett gives to dinnel, or dindle, to be affected
with a pricking pain, such as arises from a blow, or is felt by exposure to the fire after
frost. In the Craven dialect to dinnle has a similar signification. Langham, in the
Garden of Health, 1579, recommends the juice of feverfew as a remedy for the " eares
ache, and dindling." Dutch, tintelen, to tingle.
4 The office for the dead received the name of DYRYGE, or dirge, from the Antiphon
with which the first nocturne in the mattens commenced, taken from Psalm v. S/'Dirige,
Domine Deus meus, in conspectu tuo viam mectm." In 1421, Joanna, relict ofSirThos.
de Hemgrave, directed daily mass to be said for his and her own souls, and the anni-
versaries to be kept with a solemn mass, " cum placebo et dirige." Among the
" coosts laid out at the monthes mynde " of Sir Thos. Kytson at Hengrave, 1540, occur
payments "to Mr p'sson for dirige and masse, ijs. ; to iiij prists for dirige and masse,
xijrf. ; to the clark for dirige and masse, xijrf." Rokewode's History of Hengrave,
92, 112. The name is retained in the Primer set forth in English by injunction from
Henry VIII. in 1546; and this Dirige, from which portions have been retained in the
CAMD. SOC. R
122
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DYSBOWAYLYN'. JEviscero, ex-
enter o, UG. in enteria.
DYSBOWALYNGE. Evisceracio.
DYSSHE. Discus, scutella.
DYSSHE BERER at mete. Disco-
ferus, CATH.
DYSSHE METE. Discibarium.
DYSCENCYONE, or debate. Dis-
cencio.
DYSCHARGYN'. Exonero (deo-
nero, P.)
DYSCYPLE. Discipulus.
DYSCORDE. Discordia, discor-
dancia.
DYSCORDE yn songe. Disso-
nancia.
DYSCORDYJ?'. Discordo, discrepo.
DYSCORDYN' yn' sownde, or syng-
ynge. Dissono, deliro, o. F.
DYSCOWMFYTYN'. Confute, su-
pero, vinco.
DYSCOWMFORTYN' (disconforten,
j.) Disconforto.
DYSCRECYONE. Discrecio.
DYSCRETE. Discretus.
DYSCURER, or dyscowerer of
cownselle (discuerer, K.) Ar~
bitrer, anubicus, CATH. in anu-
bis.
DYSCURYS' cowncelle, supra in
BEWREYYN'.
DYSCURYNGE of cownselle. Arbi-
trium,anubicatus (revelacio, K.)
DYSCHERYTYN', or puttyn' fro he-
rytage. Exheredo.
DYSESE, or greve. Tedium, gra-
vamen, calamitas, angustia.
DYSESYN', or grevyn'. Noceo,
CATH. vexo.
DYSMEMBRYN'. Dissipo, dispergo
(exartuo, p.)
DYSOWRE, fat cannot be sadde.1
Holomochus, Aristoteles in
ethicis, nugaculus, nugax (bo-
nilocus, K. bomoloclius, p.)
DYSPENSYN (disperagyn, K. dys-
pagyn, p.
DYSPENSYN'. Dispenso.
DYSPENDYN'. Expendo.
DYSPENSON, be auctoryte, of pe-
nawnce. Dispenso.
DYSPARPLYN' (dispartelyn, K.
burial service of the Reformed Church, appears to have been only a service of me-
morial, to be used even on occasion of " the yeres mynde " of the deceased, and com-
prises a prayer for departed souls in general. " Dirige, seruyce, vigiles." PALSG.
Horman says, " he must go to the dirige feste, ad silicernium,'" which is mentioned
by Harrison in his description of England, written in the reign of Elizabeth, where he
alludes to the changes that had taken place in religious observances ; " the superfluous
numbers of idle waks, guilds, fraternities, church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called
also dirge-ales, with the heathnish rioting at bride-ales, are well diminished and laid
aside." B. ii. c. i. Holinsh. vol. i. There occur items in the Hengrave accounts,
already cited, which shew the feasting that took place on that occasion.
1 By Gower and other writers dysour is used as signifying a tale-teller, a convivial
jester;
" Dysours dalye, reisons craken." K. Alisaunder, 6991.
Palsgrave renders " dissar, a scoffar, saigefol," and Horman says, " he can play the
desard with a contrefet face proprely, morionem representat.^ Elyot gives " Panto-
mimus, a dyssard which can fayne and counterfayte euery mannes gesture. Sannio, a
dysardc in a playe or disguysynge ; also he whiche in countenaunce, gesture, and
maners i-s a fole." Ang. Sax. dysian, ineptire.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
123
dysparlyn, H. p.)1 Dissipo,
dispergo.
DYSPLESAUN(C)E (displesawnce,
K. H.) Displicencia.
DYSPLESYD. Displacatus, im-
precatus, maleplacatus.
DYSPLESYN'. Displiceo.
DYSPOYLYN, or spoylyn'. Spolio.
DYSPREYSYN', or lackyii'. Culpo,
vitupero.
DYSPUTACYONE. Disputacio.
DYSPUTYN'. Disputo.
DYSTAWNCE of place (or space,
p.) betwene ij thyngys. Dis-
tancia.
DYSTAUNCE, supra in DEBATE,
vel DYSCORDE (cliscidia, p.)
DYSTEMPERYN'. Distempero.
(DISTEMPRED, p. Distempera-
tus.)
DYSTROBELAR of }>e pece (dis-
turbeler, or distroyere of peas,
K.) Turbator, perturbator.
DYSTURBELYN' (distroublyn, p.)2
Turbo, conturbo.
DYSTROBELYNGE of pece (dis-
turbelynge, K.) Disturbium,
turbacio, conturbacio.
DYSPLAYYN' a baner of armys of
lordys, or ober lyke. Displodo.
DYSVSYN' a~3enste custome. Ob-
DYSVSYN, or mysse vsyn a-3enste
resone. Abutor.
(DYSJESE, K. dyseje, H. Te-
dium, calamitas.}
DYTANE, herbe. Diptanus.
(DYTARE, vide infra KOKE, mete
dytare.)
-BYTE (dytye, P.) Carmen.
DYHTYN'.S Paro, preparo.
DYTYN" or indytyii' letters and
speche (scripture, K.) Dicto.
DYTYN', or indytyn for trespace.
Indicto.
DYTYNGE, or indytynge of tres-
pace. Indictacio.
DYTYNGE, or indytynge of cury-
owse speche. Dictamen.
DYSWERE, or dowte.4 Dubium.
1 In the Wicliffite version, disperplid, disperpriled, displarplid, and disparpoylid,
occur in the sense of dispersed. In the curious version of Vegecius, attributed to
Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. the danger is set forth of surprise by an ambush, while
the host is unprepared, some employed in eating, "and somme disperbled and de-
partede in ober besynes." B. in. c. 8. In a sermon by R. Wimbeldon, as given by
Fox, A. D. 1389, it is said that " by Titus and Vespasianus Jerusalem was destroyed,
and the people of the Jewes were disparkled into all the world." Palsgrave gives "to
disparpyll, Lydgate, same as disparke, escarter, disparser. They be disparkled nowe
many a mile asonder." See hereafter SPARPLYN.
2 This verb is used by Chaucer, and occurs in the Wicliffite version. " And they
seynge him walkynge on the see weren disturblid." Matt. xiv. 26. So also in the
version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that a young soldier should be
taught " that he destrowble nat the ordre of ordenaunce," The Mayor of Norwich,
on being sworn, made proclamation " that iche man kepe the pees, and that no man
disturble, ne breke the forseid pees, ne go armed." A.D. 14'2-i, Blomf. Hist. ii. 100.
3 In the Household Book of Sir John Howard, A.D. 1467, among expenses incurred
for one of his retinue, is entered this item, " My Lady paid a surgeone for dytenge of
hym, whan he was hurte, 12cZ." Palsgrave gives the verb in its more usual sense, "to
dyght, or dresse a thynge, habiller. A foule woman rychly dyght, seiueth fayre by
candell lyght." Ang. Sax. dihtan, disponere.
4 The place in which this word is found in the alphabetical arrangement seems to
124
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DYUERSE. Diversus, varius.
DYVERSYN', or varyn' (varyen, p.)
Diversifico, vario.
DYUERSYTE. Diversitas, varie-
tas.
DYUERSE WYSE, or on dyuers
maner. Varie, multipharie,
diversimode.
DYVYN' vnder fe weter. Sub~
nato, CATH.
DYUYNYTE (or deuynite, j.)
Theologia.
DYYN' clothys, or letyn' (dye, or
lyt clothes, P.) Tingo.
Doo, wylde beste (beste of the
wode, H. P.) Dama, (capra, P.)
DOAR, or werkare. Factor, actor.
DOBELER, vesselle (dische ves-
selle, K.)1 Parapses.
DOBBELET, garment.2 Bigera,
indicate that it was originally written dywere, or divere, which may be derived from tho
old French, " divers, inconstant, bizarre, incommode." ROQUEF. It occurs, however,
written as above, in a poem by Humphrey Brereton, who lived in the reign of Hen. VII.
which has been printed under the title of " the most pleasant song of Lady Bessy,
eldest daughter of King Edw. IV."
" That time you promised my father dear,
To him to be both true and just,
And now you stand in a disweare,
Oh Jesu Christ, who may men trust ! "
1 "A dublar, dualis, et cetera uli a dische." CATH. ANG. The Medulla gives the
following explanation of Parapsis, " proyrie est discus sive vas quadrangulum, ex
omni parle habens latera equalia, a dobuler.""" The term is derived from the French
doublier, a dish ; it occurs in Piers Ploughman, and is still retained in the Cumberland
and Northern dialects. See Ray and Brockett.
2 It appears that the compiler of the Promptorium assigned to baltheus, which pro-
perly signifies the cingulum militare, the unusual meaning of a garment of defence.
Thus COTE ARMURE previously is rendered baltheus. The Catholicon explains " di-
plois, duplex vextis, et est vestis militarist but it does not appear to have been ori-
ginally, as it subsequently became on the disuse of the gambeson, a garment of defence.
The diMectus mentioned in the Constitutions of Fred. II. King of Siciiy, in the XlVth
century, was a garment of ordinary use by nobles and knights, as were also, it is pro-
bable, the rich garments provided for John II. of France, in 1352, when Stephen de
Fontaine, his goldsmith, accounts for the delivery of " itnjUn drap d'or de damas, et un
Jin camocas d'outremer,pour faire deux doubles." At this period wadded defences
were made in Paris by the armuriers, and the tailors were divided into two crafts,
pourpointiers and doubletiers ; it was only in 1358 that the Regent Charles, on account
of the use of the doublet becoming general, permitted the tailors to exercise also the
craft of doubletiers. See the Reglemens sur les Metiers, edited by Depping, p. 414.
Shortly after, however, the doublet appears as a military defence ; " 25 doublettes, 24
jakkes," and other armours, are enumerated among the munitions of Hadlegh Castle
granted in 1405 by Henry IV. to his son Humfrey. Rymer, viii. 384. The importance
at tliis time attached to the manufacture of this kind of armour appears by the privileges
conceeded in 1407 to the " armurariis linearum armaturarum civitatis Lonc/onie."
Pat. 9 Hen. IV. confirmed 18 Hen. VI. and 5 Edw. IV. It is related that the Duke
of Suffolk, when murdered at sea in 1450, was attired in a "gown of russette, and
doblette of velvet mayled ; " Paston Letters, i. 40 ; and in the curious inventories of
the effects of Sir John Fastolf, at Caistor, in Norfolk, 1459, occur " j dowblettis of red
felwet uppon felwet; j dowbelet of rede felwet, lynyd with lyuen clothe." Ardueol. xxi.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
125
UG. baltheus, diplois, CATH.
anabatrum.
DOBELYN', or dublyn'. Dupplico.
DOCERE of an halle (dosere, K.
docere, H. p.)1 Dorsorium,
auleum, CATH. c. F.
DODDYD, wythe-owte horuysse (wit
owtyn hornys, K.)2 Decornutus,
incornutus.
DODDYN' trees, or herbys, and ober
lyke. Decomo, capulo, CATH.
DODDYD, as trees. Decomatus,
miculus (mutilus, p.)
DOGGE. Canis.
DOGGE, shyppe-herdys hownde.
Greg arius j CATH.
DOGGYD. Caninus.
DOGGYDE, malycyowse. Mali-
ciosus, perversus, bilosus.
DORON'.S Degener.
DOOKE, byrde (doke, K. fowle or
birde, p.) Anas.
DOQKELYNGE (birde, P.) Anati-
nus.
DOCKEWEDE. Padella (para-
dilla, P.)
DOKET, or dockyd by Jje tayle.
Decaudatus, caudd decurtus.
DOCKYD, lessyd or obryggyd.
AbbreviatuSj minoratus.
DOKKYN', or smytyn' a-wey the
tayle. Decaudo.
253. See further Sir Samuel Meyrick's valuable observations on military garments
worn in England, Archseol. xix. 228. At a later time the doublet seems again to have
become a vestment of ordinary use, the military garment which resembled it being
termed a coat of fence. " I wyll were a cote of defence for my surete, lorica linthea."
HORM. Caxton says " Donaas the doblet maker hath performed my doublet and my
jaquet, mon pourpainte, et mon paltocque." Book for Travellers.
1 DORCERE, MS. ; but this reading is evidently erroneous, and the word is derived
from the French dossier, or Latin dosserium. See DOSSE, and DORCERE, which
occurs afterwards in its proper place. In a Latin-English Vocabularly, Harl. MS. 1002,
f. 144, occur " auleum, scannarium, a dosure ; " and another makes the following
distinction: " analatum, hedosour, dorsorium, syd-dosour." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII.
The term occurs in the Awntyrs of Arthure, 431, where a costly pavilion is described ;
" Pighte was it prowdely, withe purpure and paulle,
And dosspurs, and qweschyns, and bankowres fulle bryghte."
Sir F. Madden explains it as signifying here a cushion for the back, but in its usual
sense it seems to denote the hangings or " hallyngs," of tapestry, which, before the
use of wainscot, were generally used to cover and adorn the lower part of the wall of a
chamber. Chaucer uses the word "dosser" in a different sense, speaking of sallow
twigs, which men turn to various uses,
" Or maken of these paniers,
Or else hutches and dossers." H. of Fame, iii. 850.
Panniers are still called, in many parts, dosses, dorsels, or dorsers. See Ray and
Moore. Hollyband renders " hotte, a basket, a dosser."
2 Uodded is used in the North in this sense ; see Brockett, and Craven Dialect.
Jamieson gives doddy and dottit with a similar signification. In Norfolk doddy still
means low in stature. Phillips has " dodded, lopped as a tree;" and in Suffolk scathed
or withered trees are called dooted, in the North doddered, words which appear to be
derivable from the same source. Skinner suggests " Belg. dodde, caulis,fustis, paxillus."
3 This word does not occur in the other MSS.; the reading is probably corrupt, and,
from the place in which it occurs, DOGON' may be suggested as a correction. This
term of contempt seems to be derived from the French " Doyuin, brutal, htirytieux.'"
KOQUEF. See Dugon in Jamieson's Dictionary.
126
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DOKKYN, or shortyn. Decurto.
abbrevio, capulo, c. F.
DOLE, merke.1 Meta, tramaricia.
DOLE, or dolefulnesse. Dolor,
dolorositas (lamentacio, P.)
DOLE, or almesse yevynge (doole
of almesse, P.) JRoga, CATH.
erogacio.
DOLEFULLE. Dolorosus.
DOLFYNE, fysche. Delphinus.
DOLLYD, sum what hotte (or
sumdyl hot, K.)2 Tepefactus.
DOLLYN' ale, or oj>er drynke.
Tepefacio.
(DOLLYNGE, K. dootyllge, H, T€-
pefactio.)
DOME. Judicium, examen.
DOME HOWSE. Pretorium.
DOMES MANNE (domysman, K.)
Judex, CATH.
DOON', or werkyn'. Facio, ago.
DOON A-WEY. Aufero, deleo.
DOON' AWKE (don amys, K. H. p.)
Sinistro, CATH. (malefacio,
protervio, p.)
Do GYLE, supra in BEGYLE.
Do GOODE. Benefacio.
Do LECHERY. Fornicor (luxu-
rior, P.)
Do MAWMENTRYE. YdoltttrO.
DOON' of clothys. Exuo.
Doo GLOTYNYE. ' Crapulor.
Do ON CLOTHYS, or clothyn'.
Induo, vestio.
DOON' OWTE, or qwenchyn' (lijth,
K. lyth, H.) Extinguo.
Do TO WETYN', or knowyn'. In-
timo, innotesco, innoteo.
Do WRONGE a-jene rescue (ayenst
reason or lawe, p.) Injurior,
prejudice.
DooS wykyddely. Nequito, CATH.
DOON or fulle wroste (done or full
wrout, H. wrought, p.) Factus,
co?npletus, perfectus.
DoNET.3 Donatus.
1 Agnes Paston writes to her son Edmund, the lawyer, respecting the dispute as to a
right of way, between his father and the Vicar of Paston, who had been " aoordidde,
and doolis sette howe broode the weye schuld ben, and no we he hath pullid uppe the
doolis, and seithe he wolle makyn a dyche ryght over the weye." Paston Letters, iii.
32. Forby gives this word as still used in Norfolk, the mark being often a low post,
called a dool-post ; it occurs also in Tusser. Bp. Kennett states that landmarks, or
boundary-stones, are in some parts of Kent called " dowle-stones," and explains dole
or doul as signifying " a bulk, or green narrow slip of ground left unplowed in arable
land." See his Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033. Queen Elizabeth, in her
Injunctions, 1559, directs that at the customary perambulations on the Rogation days,
the admonition shall be given, " Cursed be he which translateth the boundes and dolles
of his neighbor." Wilkins, Cone. IV. 184. Ang. Sax. dselan, dividere.
2 " Dollyd, defrutus." CATH. ANG. The Medulla renders "tepefacio, to make leuke."
3 The grammar most universally used in the middle ages was that composed by
.ffilius Donatus in the IVth century, and the term Donet became generally expressive
of a system of grammar. See Warton's Eng. Poet. i. 281, Clarke's Bibl. Diet. iii.
144. It was printed among Gramm. Vet. Putsch, p. 1735. The rich hall prepared for
the education of the son of the Emperor was decorated with symbols of grammar,
musick, astronomy, geometry, arithmetic, rhetoric, and physic.
" Therinne was paint of Donet tbre pars,
And eke alle the seven ars.1' Seuyn Sages, 181.
Allusions to Donet occur in Chaucer, and Piers Ploughman. In Sir John Howard's
Household Book is a payment, 1466, " fore a donet for master Gorge 12rf." and
PROMPTOHIUM PARVULORUM.
127
DONGE, matrasse.1 Culcitra, ma-
tracia, lodex (fultrum, p.)
DONGE, mucke. Fimus, letamen.
DONGE CARTE. Titubatorium.
DONGE HYLLE. Sterquilinium,
fanarium ,forica.
DUNGEN, or mukkyn' londe. Fimo,
pastino, BRIT.
DOPPAR, or dydoppar, watyr
byrde.2 Mergulus.
(DOPPYNGE, H. P.)3
DoRCERE.4 Anabatrum.
DORE. Ostium.
DoRLOTT.5 Trica, caliendrum,
c. F.
DORMAWNTE tre (dormawntre
K.)6 Trabes.
DORMOWSE, beste. Glis.
DORTOWRE. Dortorium.
DOSEYNE. Duodena.
(DossE, K. pJ Dossorium.)
DOTARDE (or dosell, p.) De-
cipio, deceps.
DOTELLE, stoppynge of a vesselle
Caxton mentions it as one of the books in greatest demand, " George the booke-sellar
hath doctrinals, catons, cures of our lady, Donettis, partis, accidents." Book for Tra-
vellers. " Donett, Donatus, a Donett lerner, Donatista." CATH. ANG.
1 In the Inventory of Effects of Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, 1459, there appear
the following items in his own chamber: "j. fedderbedde, j donge of fyne blewe,
i bolster, ij blankettys of fustians, j purpeynt," &c. Archseol. xxi. 268. A previous
entry mentions a " donge of purle sylke."
2 The little Grebe is still known by the names didapper, dipper, or dobchick, the
Mergulus fluviatilis of the older naturalists, Poetictpt minor of Temminck. Ang. Sax.
dop fugel, mergus, dufedoppa, pelicanus, according to the sense in which the word
occurs Ps. ci. 7, in the Lambeth Psalter; but its derivation from dufian, immergere,
would make the appellation inappropriate to that bird.
3 Forby and Moore mention the word dop, as used in East Anglia at the present day
to denote a short quick curtsy. Ang. Sax. doppetan, mersare.
* " Auleum, dorsarium, cortina, analatrum, anastrum, dosure or curtayne ; colate-
rale, syd-dosour." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "A dorsure, dorsorium." CATH. ANG.
" Anabatrum, a cortyne. Auleum, an hangyn, i. indumentum aule, cortina, or a cor-
tyne." ORTUS. M. Paris speaks of the " dossale, sive tapesium in quo passio S. Albani
jiguratur," given to St. Alban's by Abbot Richard, who died 1119. Among the cloths
of arras and tapestry work belonging to Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, enumerated in
the curious inventories taken about the year 1459, occur several " hallyngs " of ta-
pestry and worsted, a term probably synonymous with dorsure. Archseol. xxi. 259.
See above, DOCERE.
5 Dorlott is taken from the French dorelot, which signifies an ornament of female attire
generally, but here seems to denote particularly the elegant network, frequently enriched
with jewels, in which the hair was inclosed, termed a kelle, caul, or crepine ; or the head
dress called a volipere, which is mentioned by Chaucer. " Trica, plicatura vel nexus
capillorum." ORTUS. " Caliendrum, a voliper." MED. GBAMM. In 1394 Johanna Laburn
of York bequeaths " j kyngll, j dorlot, j armari . . . best volet yat se hat, and a red hude
singill." Testam. Ebor. i. 196. Cotgrave gives " dorlot, a jewel or pretty trinket, as
a chain, brooche, aglet, button, billement, &c. wherwith a woman sets out her ap-
parel ; and by the Statutes of the trades of Paris in 1403 it appears that the craft of
doreloterie consisted in making fringes and ribbons both of silk and thread. See Ro-
quefort and Charpentier.
6 A dormant or sleeper is a main beam that, resting upon the side walls, serves to
support the joists, or the rafters of the roof. It is called in Norfolk a dormer. " Treine,
a dorman or great beame." COTGR.
7 Doss is at the present time the name given in Norfolk and Suffolk to a hassock,
128
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(dottel, H. dossell, p.)1 Du-
cillus, ductildus, c. F.
DOTRELLE, byrde. Fingus.
DOTRELLE, fowle, idem quod
DOTARDE.2
DOTYNGE. Desipiencia.
DOTONE. Desipio.
DOTON', or dote for age. Deliro,
CATH. in lira.
DOWE, paste for brede. Pasta, c. F.
DOWRE, wedowys parte (dowary,
K. P.) Dos (vel perdos, P.)
DOWCET mete, or swete cake mete
(bake mete, p.)3 Dulceum,
c. F. (ductileus, P.)
DOVE, culuyr byrde (dowe brid,
K. dowue, P.) Columba.
DOVE, younge byrde. Columbella.
DOWYS HOOLE, or dovys howse.
Cotumbar, CATH.
DOWER yn the erthe (dovwere, H.
douwir, P.) Cuniculus.
DowME,as a man or woman. Mutus.
DOWNE (of, P.) federys.4 Pluma,
plumula, plumella, UG.
DOWNE, or downwarde. Deorsum.
DOWNE GATE, or downe goynge.
Descensus.
DOWNE GATE of be sunne (or mone,
H.) or o]>er planettys. Occasus.
such as is used in church, and panniers are in some places called dosses. See
DOCERE.
1 This name for a faucet appears to be a corruption of ductulus, which in the Latin-
English Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. is rendered "dosselle," as the word is more
commonly written, from the French dosil, doucil, or according to Cotgrave, " doisil, a
faucet." Among the pertinencia promptuario, in another Vocabulary, Harl. MS.
1002, is given "clipsidra, a doselpyn." In the Seuyn Sages, it is related how Ypo-
cras pierced a tun in a thousand places :
" And tho he hadde mad holes so fele,
In ech he pelt a dosele." line 1150.
See dottle in Jamieson's Dictionary, dossel, Craven dialect.
2 This word appears here to signify a foolish person, not the stupid bird common in
Lincolnshire and the neighbouring counties, the C/iaradrius morinellus, and the repe-
tition caused by the word "fowle" is probably here an error. " A dotrelle, desipa"
CATH. ANG.
3 In the Forme of Cury doucets are not named, but " daryols," p. 82, seem almost the
same ; directions are given in the following recipe, which is taken from Harl. MS. 279,
f. 41, b. under the head of " Bake metis, vyaundefurnez. Doucetez. Take creme a gode
cupfulle, and put it on a straynoure, Jeanne take jolkys of eyroun, and put ]>er-to, and a
lytel mylke ; j?en strayne it >orw a straynoure in-to a bolle ; )>en take sugre y-now and
put )>er-to, or ellys hony for defaute of sugre ; ]?an coloure it wit safroun ; }>an take bm
cofyns, and put in J>e ovynne lere, and lat hem ben hardyd ; j?an take a dyssche y-fas-
tened on be pelys ende, and pore bin comade in-to be dyssche, and fro be dyssche in-to
be cofyns, and when bey don a-ryse wel, take hem out, and serue hem forthe.'' Among
the election expenses of Sir John Howard at Ipswich, 1467, appears the item in his
household book, " viij boshelles of flour for dowsetes; " and in the first course at
dinner in Sir John Nevile's account of the marriage of his daughter to Roger llockley,
in 1526, appear " dulcets, ten of dish." Palsgrave gives " dousette, a Ivtell flawne, da-
riolle."
4 DOWME, MS. and K. downe, p.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
129
(DOWPAR, bryd, K. dooper, H.
Mergus.)
DOWRYS, or dowryble (dowrybbe,
K. dovrybbe, H.)1 Sarpa,
costa pasthalis, c. F. (costapas-
talis, P.)
DOWCE EGYR, or sowre an(d) swete
menglyd to-gedyr (dowe soure
and swete togedyr, K. dovseger,
H. menkt togeder, p.)2 Mulsus,
c. F. musus, c. F. dulce amarum.
DOWTE. Dubium.
DOWTYN'. Dubito, CATH. (he-
sito, P.)
DOWTYN' bothe partyes a-lyke.
Ambigo.
DOWTYNGE. Dubitacio, dubietas.
DOWTEFULLE. Dulius, ambi-
guus.
DOWTELES. Indubius, sine dubio.
DOWTELESLY. Indubie, procul-
dubio.
DOWSTY, bolde, or hardy (dowty,
K. H. p.)3 Audax.
DOSTER (dowtyr, K. doughter, P.)
Filia.
DOSTYR IN LAWE. NurUS.
DOWE TROWE (trowghe, P.) Pis-
tralla, alveus, Dice.
DRAPLYD (drablyd, K.) Palu-
dosus, CATH. (jutulentus, p.)
DRABELYN' (drakelyn, p.)4 Pa-
ludo, traunlimo (sic).
DRAFFE.5 Segestarium drascum.
1 A rybbe is an household implement, which probably received its name from its
form, a kind of scraper or rasp used in making bread ; thus Palsgrave renders " dow-
rybbe, ratisseur a paste." The term occurs in the gloss on Grautier de Bibelesworth.
" Vostre paste dount pestrez, (kned Jn douw)
De vn rastuer (a douw ribbe) le auge (a trow) moundez,
Le rastel (a rake) e le raster
Sount diuerses en lour mester." Arund. MS. 220, f. 299, b.
Hence it appears to have served for scraping and cleansing the kneading trough. An-
other implement, termed likewise a rybbe, was used in the preparation of flax. See
hereafter RYBBE, and RYBBYN flax.
2 In the Forme of Cury, p. 20, will be found recipes for egurdouce, a compound of
the flesh of rabbits or kids with currants, onions, wine, and spices ; and for egurdouce of
fysshe, pp. 63, 113. Directions are also given for concocting "an egge dows," which
seems more to resemble the mixture alluded to in the Promptorium, being composed of
almonds, milk, vinegar, and raisins. Mulsus signifies a kind of mead, and dowce egyr
was probably much the same as oximel.
" Dughty, uli worthy." CATH. ANG. A. Saxon, dohtig, instructus.
4 This word is still used in Norfolk, in the sense of to draggle, and a slattern is
called a drabble-trail. Ang. Sax. drabbe./CEces.
5 Draffe, or chaffe, is a word that occurs in Chaucer :
" Why shuld I sowen draf out of my fist,
Whan I may sowen whete, if that me list." Persone's Prol.
In the Reve's Tale the scholar John complains of being left to lie in his bed " like a
draf sak." So likewise in Piers Ploughman's Vision, where allusion is made to casting
pearls to swine, it is said that
" Draf were hem levere,
Than al the precious perree." line 5617.
In the Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs under the head "ad brasorium per-
tinencia, drayinm, draf;1' and in the Cath. Ang. "draf, segisterium, acinatum, Irasi-
CAM. SOC. S
130
PROMPTORIUM PARVDLORUM.
DRAFFE, or drosse, or mater
stampyd. Pilumen.
DRAGAUNCE, herbe (dragans, p.)1
Dragancia, c. F. basilica, dra-
centra, c. F.
DRAGGE (dragy, K. dradge, H. p.)2
Dragetum.
DRAGGE, menglyd come (drage,
or mestlyon, p.)3 Mixtio (mix-
tilio, P.)
DRAGGYN' or drawyn'. Trajicio,
CATH.
DRAGGYNGE, or drawynge. Tractus.
DRAGONE. Draco (yel drago, P.)
DRAKE, byrde. Ancer, vel ancer
anatinus.
DRAME, wyghte. Drama, dragma.
DRAKE. Fucus, KYLW.
DRAPER. Pannarius, KYLW.
DRAWKE, wede.4 Drauca, c. F.
in lollium.
DRAWYN', or drawe. Tralio.
DRAWYN' a-longe. Protraho.
D(R)AWYN' a-wey. Abstraho*
DRAWYN' a-jene (agayne, p.)
Betraho.
DRAWE forthe owte of ]>e ovyne.
Effurno.
purgium.'" " Segisterium, Anglice, droffe." ORTUS. " Draffe, dracque." pjHLsG.
Ang. Sax. drof, sordidus. Matt. Paris has given a charter of Guarin, Abbot of St.
Alban's, dated 1194, in which the word drascum occurs, which appears to signify the
grains that remain after brewing, called in French drasche, or drague. Compare
CORALLE, or drasse of corne, and DROSSE.
1 Numerous virtues are ascribed by Macer and other writers to the herb dragaunce or
nedder's tongue, called also dragon wort, addyrwort, or serpentine, arum or aron. See
Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 73. Macer says that " water of dragaunce ys gode to wasshe
venome soris," and it appears to have been yearly distilled in the household of the Earl
of Northumberland, 1511. See Antiqu. Rep. iv. 284. " Dragence, or nedder gryffe,
dragancia, basilica, herba serpentina." CATH. ANG.
2 This word is taken from the French dragee, a kind of digestive and stomachic
comfits anciently much esteemed. Chaucer says of the Doctor of Phisike,
" Ful redy hadde he his apothecaries,
To send him dragges, and his lettuaries." Cant. Tales, Prol.
3 In the Xlllth century the grains chiefly cultivated in England, as appears by the
accounts of the bailiff of the royal manor of Marlborough, Rot. Pip. 1 Edw. I., were
wheat, " berecorn, dragg,'' or a mixture of vetches and oats, beans and pease. The
regulations for the brewers of Paris, in 1254, prescribe that they shall brew only " de
grains, c'est a savoir, d'orge, de mestuel, et de dragee ,•" Reglemens sur les Arts, ed. by
Depping. Tusser speaks of dredge as commonly grown in the Eastern counties.
" Sow barly and dredge with a plentiful hand."
"Thy dredge and thy barlie goe thresh out to malt."
Bp. Kennett, in his glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, mentions " dredge mault,
malt made of oats mixed with barley malt, of which they make an excellent fresh quick
sort of drink," used in Staffordshire. "Dragee aux chevauz, provender of divers sorts
of pulse mixed together.'' COTGR. See MESTLYONE, or monge corne.
4 " Drake, or darnylle, zizannia." CATH. ANG. The gloss on Gautier de Bibeles-
worth makes a distinction between these two weeds :
" Le yueray (darnel) i crest, et le betel (drauke)."
Gerard assigns the name to a species of bromus sterilis, which he calls small wild oats,
in Brabant called drauich, and Skinner suggests that the name may be derived " a Belg.
droogh, siccus, quia et actu et potentia siccum est." Drawke or drake is well known
in Norfolk and Suffolk, and Forby says it is the common darnel grass, lolium perenne.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
131
DRAWE fowlys, or dysbowaylyn'.
ExcaterizOj NECC. eviscero, UG.
(exentero, p.)
DRAWE lotte. Sorcior.
DRAWYN' owte. Extraho.
DRAWEN' owt of the shethe (shede,
K. p. schede, H.) Evogino.
DRAWE to. Attraho.
DRAWYN' or steryn', entycyn' to
goodenes, or badnes (styren or
meuen, p.) Allicio.
DRAWE watur, or o]?er lyke.
Haurio.
DRAWE vp by J?e rote. Eradico,
evello.
DRAWTE, or pulle. Tractus.
DRAWTE of drynke (draught, p.)
Haustus.
DRAWTE of watyr owte of a welle,
or ojjer lycoure owte of a wes-
selle, idem est.
DRAWE BRYGGE (drawte brydge,
P.) Superfossorium, pons trac-
tilis, pons tractativuSj pons ver-
satilis, COMM.
DRAWTE WELLE. Ha(u)rium, UG.
in haurio.
DREDE. Timor, pavor, terror,
DREDEFULLE. Timidus, pavidus.
DREDEFULLE and vgely (vggly,
P,) Terribilis, horribilis.
DREDEFULNESSE, idem est quod
DREDE.
DREDEFULNESSE, and horrybyl-
nesse. Horribilitas, terribilitas.
DREDYN'. Timeo, metuo, formido,
vereor, paveo.
DREGGYS, or drestys. Fex,
DREGGY (dresty, p.) or fulle of
drestys. Feculentus, o. F.
DREGGYS of oyle (drestis, P.)
Amurca, CATH.
DREGGYS, or lyys of wyne (drestis
or lese, p.) Tartarum, c. F.
DREEME. Sompnium.
DREMARE. Sompniator.
DREMYN', or dretchyn' yn slepe.
Sompnio.
DREMYNGE. Sompniacio.
DREME REDARE. Solutor, CATH.
DRESSYN'. Dingo, rictonnor (szc)
KYLW.
DRESSYNGE. Directio.
DRESSYNGE KNYFE. Mensacula,
DICC.
DRESSURE, or dressynge boorde.
Dressorium, directorium.
(DRESTYS, drestys of oyle, drestys,
or lyys of wyne, supra in DREG-
. GYS, K.)1
(DRETCHYN' yn slepe, supra in
DREMYN'.)2
1 The Medulla renders "fecula, a little traist, feculentus^ fulle of traiste," (Harl.
MS. 2257); in the Ortus, " dregges." Amurca is explained by Elyot to mean " the
mother or fome of all oyles," in Harl. MS. 1002, " drastus." Palsgrave gives " dresty,
full of drest, lieuz." Herman says " the drastys (floces) of the wyne be medicynable."
Ang. Sax. dresten,/oeces.
2 This verb is used by Chaucer, and other writers, in the sense of being disturbed by
dreams.
" This chaunteclere gan gronen in his throte,
As man that in his dreams is dretched sore.'
Nonne's Priest's Tale.
" And if it so bytide this nyght,
That the in slepe dreche ani wight,
Or any dremis make the rad,
Turn ogayn, and say I bad." Ywaine and Gawin, line 480.
It has also the sense of to delay or hinder, in several passages of Chaucer and Gower. See
132
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DRY fro moysture. Siccus.
DRYE, or seere. Aridus.
DRYE, as kyne (nete, p.) or bestys
pat wylle gyfe no mylke (yeue,
p.) Exuberis, UG.
DRYFTE, or drywynge of bestys.1
Minatus.
DRYYN'. Sicco, desicco.
DRYLLE, or lytylle drafte of drynke
(draught, p.) Haustillus.
DRYNESSE. Siccitas, ariditas.
DRYNKE. Potus, poculum, pocio.
DRYNKARE. Potator, bibax, bibo.
DRYNKYN'. Bibo, poto.
DRYNKYN' a-jeen, (ageyne, P.)
Rebibo, repoto.
DRYNKYN' a-bowte (drynkyn-
alowt, K.all oute,p.) Ebibo, epoto.
DRYNKELYN' (drynklyn, H.
drenchyn, p.) Mergo, submerge.
DRYPPE, or drope (drepe, p.)
Crutta, stilla, cadula, c. F.
DRYPPYN', or droppyfi'. Stillo,
gutto.
DRYPPYNGE, or droppynge. Stil-
lacio.
DRYE SCABBE. Impetigo. UG.
DRYTE (or, P.) doonge.2 Merda,
stercus (menda, p.)
DRYVYLLE, serwawnte.3 Ducti-
cius, ducticia.
DRYVE bestys. Mino, c. F. CATH.
DRYVYN, supra in CONSTREYNYN.
DRYVYN', or constreynyd. Co-
actus, constrictus, astrictus.
DRYVYN', or ledde. Ductus.
DRYVYNGE, or cathchynge (chas-
inge, P.) Minatus.
DRYVYNGE, or constreynynge.
Compulsio, coactiOj constriccio.
DROBLY, or drably (drobely, p.)4
Turbulentus, turbidus.
DROBLY, of drestys. Feculentus,
C. F.
also Piers Ploughman's Crede, where the baneful conduct of the Friars is exposed,
who desert the rule of their order and " dreccheth the puple," lin. 924, 1004. Ang. Sax.
dreccan, turbare. See Jamieson.
1 The drift of the forest, agitatio animalium in forestd, is a legal term which
implied a view taken of the cattle feeding in the chase, forest, or waste, at certain
seasons when they were driven into an enclosure, in order to ascertain whose they were,
and whether legally commonable. The Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 13, among various
clauses, devised for the improvement of the breed of horses, directs the drift to be
made at Michaelmas, and other convenient times, and under-sized horses to be destroyed.
The word is used by Horman metaphorically, in its more ordinary acceptation, " subtyle
dryftis (callida consilia) ought nat to sette a iudge out of the ryght wey." Elyot renders
" adpulsus, the dryfte of shepe to the water."
2 " To dryte, cacare, egerere." CATH. ANG. In the Wicliffite version, Phil. iii. 8,
is thus rendered ; " I deme alle thingis as drit;" and the word occurs also in Wicliffe's
" Objections of Freres. Freres setten more by stinking dritt of worldly goods, then
they don by virtues, and goods of bliss." See Jamieson's observations on the etymology
of the verb to drite, exonerare ventrem. Ang. Sax. gedritan, cacare.
3 Horman speaks of " a dryuyl or a drudge: he is a very dryuell, sterquilinium."
Junius gives in this sense " drivell or droile, mastiffia, qui ubique expulsus abactusque
est. Belg. drevel." See droile in Jamieson's Dictionary. Tusser, in his Points of
Huswifery, speaks of an under servant in the dairy termed a droy, or droie, whose duties
appear to have been similar to those of the DEYE, described in the note on that word.
" Good droy to serve hog, to help wash, and to milk,
More needfull is truly, than some in their silk."
4 Chaucer, in the Persone's Tale, says, " he is like to an hors, that seeketh rather
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
133
DROMEDARY, beste. Dromeda-
rius (dro?nedus, c. F. p.)
DROPE, supra in DRYPPE.
DROPSYE, sekenesse. Idropis.
(DROPSY man or woman, p.
Ydropicus.
(DROPPYNG, supra in DRIPPYNG,
K.)
DROPPYNGE of flesshe, or fyshe yn'
pe rostynge. Cadula, CATH. c. F.
DROSSE of corne.1 Acus, cribal-
lum, ruscum, CATH.
DROSSE of metalle. Scorium,
CATH.
DROSSE, or fylthe where of hyt
be (qwat so it be, K.) Ruscum,
rusculum, CATH.
DROTARE (droot, p.) Traulus,
traula.
DROTYN' yn' speche.2 Traulo.
DROTYNGE. Traulatus.
DROTYNGLY. Traule.
DROVE of bestys. Armentum,
polia, CATH.
(DROWPYN', or prively to be hydde,
supra in DARYN'.)S
DROWTE. Siccitas.
DRUBLY, supra in DROBELY.4
DRUBBLYN', or torblyn' watur, or
other lycoure. Turbo.
DRUBLYNESSE. Turbulencia, fecu-
lencia, CATH.
DRUNKON'. Ebrius, temulentus.
DRUNKELEW.S Ebriosus.
to drink drovy t>r troubled water, then for to drink water of the clere well." " Drovy,
turlidus, turbulentus." CATH. ANG. " Turbidus, troubli, drobli, or dark." MED. GRAMM.
" Turbulentus, i. non lucidus, drouy." ORTUS. Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial Col-
lections, Lansd. MS. 1033, gives " dravy or druvy, Bor. druvy, Northumb. drevy,
thick, muddy as the water is. Sax. drefend, turbidus." Forby mentions drovy, used
in Norfolk as an epithet of loathing, on account of filthiness of the person. Ang. Sax.
drof, ccenosus.
1 Higins. in his version of Junius's Nomenclator, renders " vanniis, a van wherwith
corne is clensed from chaffe and drosse against the wind." Ang. Sax. dros,/o;#, sordes.
At Hengrave Hall, in Suffolk, in 1604, is entered in account a delivery " for the swine,
of dross wheat." Hist, of Hengrave, 207.
2 This term, implying difficulty of speech, or stuttering, has not been met with else-
where. The Ortus renders " traulus, a ratelere," a word equally unnoticed by Glos-
sarists, which occurs also in Cath. Ang. " To ratylle, traulare ; a ratyller, traulus.'"1
3 In the Anturs of Arther, where a description occurs of the King and his court
going forth to the chace, it is said,
" The dere in the dellun,
Thay droupun and daren." Ed. by Mr. Robson, p. 3.
4 " Turbidus, troubli, drubli, or darke." MED. In the Ortus and Cath. Angl. drouy
occurs in the same sense ; Jamieson gives droubly and drumbly ; and the verb to
drumble, signifying to be confused, is used by Shakespeare. See Nares.
5 This word is used repeatedly by Chaucer, and occurs in Piers Ploughman and the
Wicliffite version.
" Irous Cambises was eke dronkelew,
And ay delighted him to ben a shrew." Sompnoure's Tale.
Herman uses the word " dronkleu, dronkeleu." In a curious treastise on Obstetrics
of the latter part of the XVth century, Add. MS. 12, 195, are particular instructions for
the selection of a nurse, among whose recommendations are " pat sche be wysse and
well a-vyssyd, and pat sche lof pe chylde, and pat sche be not dronkeleche."
134
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
DRUNKESHEPE.1 Ebrictas.
DWALE, herbe.2 Morella, somp-
nifera, vel morella mortifera.
DUBBYLLE. Duplex, duplus.
(DUBLER, supra in DOBELER,
K. H. ParapsiSy P.)
(DUBLET, supra in DOBBELET,
K. H. Baltheus.}
(DUBBYL garment, K. Diplois.')
DUBBYLMAN, or false and de-
ceyvable. Duplicarius, Dice.
CATH.
DUBBYLLE TONGYDE. Bilinguis.
DUBLYN', supra in DOBELYN',
et duplo, CATH. gemino.
DUBBYN', or make knyghte. In-
signio.
DUDDE, clothe.3 Amphibilus, c. F.
birrus, CATH. c. F. KYLW.
DWELLARE. Incola, mansiona-
rius, c. F.
DWELLYN'. Maneo, commoror.
DWELLYN', or longe lettyn' or
taryyn'. Moror, pigritor.
DWELLYNGE, place. jtfifOCIO,
habitaculum.
DWELLYNGE or (longe, P.) tary-
ynge. Mora.
DWEROWE (dwerwh, K. dwerwe,
H. P. dwerfe, w.)4 Nanus, c. F.
sessillusy CATH. et UG. in sedeo.
DWYNYN' a-wey (dwyne or va-
nysshe away, p.) Evaneo, eva-
nesco.
1 Gower, speaking of the vices that spring from original sin, says, •
" Wherof the first is dronkeship,
Whiche beareth the cuppe felauship." Conf. Am. lib. vii.
" Drunkechepe, elrietas, vinolencia, &c." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 173, b.
2 Chaucer makes repeated allusion to the somniferous qualities of the night-shade, or
dwale, the Atropa belladonna.
" Arise (quod she) what haue ye dronken dwale ?
Why slepen ye ? it is no nitertale." Court of Love.
A strange effect is attributed to this plant in a volume of miscellaneous collections,
once belonging to William Worcestre, Sloane MS. 4, p. 2. " For to take alle maner
of byrdys. Take whete, or other come, and take guse of dwale, and menche J>e corne
}>er yn, and ley yt J>er J>e byrdys hawntene, and when they have eten J?er of, J?ey shalle
slepe, J>at ye may take J?em with yowre handys." Higins, in the version of Junius's
Nomenclator, gives " Solanum letale, banewoort, dwall, or great nightshade."
3 " Amphibalus, a sclaveyn, a faldynge, or a dudd." MED. GRAMM. " Lacerna est
pallium fimbriatum, a coule, or a dudde, or a gowne." Harl. MS. 2257. According to
the explanation given of birrus, the garment called a DUDDE seems 4o have been a coarse
wrapper or dread-nought, probably the same as the Irish mantle made of raw wool, which
was in request in England as late as the time of Charles I., as appears by the Custom-
house rates. " Birrum, vestis pilosa seu grossa, a schypper's mauntel." ORTUS. Forby
gives to duddle up, or wrap up with clothes ; in the North, as well as other parts of
England, rags or clothes in general are called dudds ; and Grose mentions a square
in Stourbridge fair, where linen cloth was sold, called the duddery. See Jamieson.
4 By early writers this word is written very variously, but approaching more or less
to the Ang. Sax. dweorg, dweorh, nanus, which in the valuable fragment of ./Elfric's
Glossary, discovered by Sir Thomas Phillipps, in the Chapter Library, Worcester, is
written " dwseruh." Thus the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth, " leo vey ester un peiit
neym (dwerouh)." Arund. MS. 220. In Lybeaus Disconus "dwerk" occurs re-
peatedly, and in King Alisaunder we read of " durwes, the leynth of an elne." In
Synonym. Harl. MS. 1002, f. 173, occurs the word " dwarof," and in Cath. Ang.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
135
(DWFHOWUS, K. dufhows, P. Co-
lumbaria.}
DUKE. Dux.
DUCHESSE. Ducissa.
DULLE of egge. (Obtusus, K. p.)
(DULLE of wytte, K. p.) Hebes.
DULLARDE (dullare, K.) Duri-
bucciuSj CATH. agrestis, Aris-
toteles in ethicis.
DULLYN', or make dulle in wytte.
Hebeto.
DULLYN', or make dulle in egge
toole. Obtundo.
DULLYN', or lesyn' the egge.
Hebetesco, c. F.
DULY. Debite.
DWLY, or trostyly. /Secure, firmiter.
DULNESSE of egge. Obtusitas.
DULNESSE of wytte. Hebetudo.
(DuM, K. P. dovm, H. Mutus.)
DUMNESSE. Mutitas, taciturnitas.
DUNCHE, or lonche (lunche, H. p.)
SonituS) stepitus (bundum,
bombus, P.)
DUNCHYN', or bunchyn'. Tundo.
(DVNCHE, K. (dunchinge, or
lunchinge, P.) Tuncio, percussio.
DUNNYD of coloure. Subniger.
DUNNYN' in sownde (in songe, H.)
Bundo, c. F.
DUNNYNGE of sownde. Bunda,
o. F. bombus, c. F,
DEWE OFFYCE, or seruyce of dett
(dv, K. due, P.) Munium, CATH.
(DUARY of wedowys, K. p. Dos.)
(DOWERE, or deen, H. dwer', P.
duer, w. Cuniculus, CATH.
DWRESSE, or hardenesse (duresse,
p.) Duricies.
DURYN', or induryn', or lastyn'.
Duro, perduro.
DURN, supra, idem est quod
DARN, (durn or dare, P. Audeo.)
DUSTE. Pulvis.
(DUSTY, p. Pulverulentus.}
DUSTYN'. Pulverizo.
DWTE, supra in DETTE (dvte or
dette, K. dutye, p. Debitum.)
EBBE of the see. JReftuxus, sa-
laria, KYLW. ledo, CATH.
EBAN', tre. Ebanus.
EBBYN', as the see. Eefluo, sa-
lario, CATH.
Ecco, sownde. Ecco.
EDGROW, greese (edgraw, herbe,
K. ete growe, greese, H. p.)1
Bigermen, regermen.
EDDYR,orneddyr, wyrme. Serpens.
" a dwarghe, tantillus." See duergh and droich in Jamieson's Dictionary. In the
Catholicon is given the following explanation : " Sessillus, i. parvus statura, quid non
videtur stare, sed sedere;'"* and the Ortus gives " JWanus, a dwarfe, or a lytell Turke."
Compare COONYONE, or drowtly. Bp. Kennett gives the word " dwerowe " as of local
use, but in the Eastern counties it appears to be no longer known ; in his glossarial
collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, is the term " durgan, of short or low stature, as, he is
a durgan, a meer durgan, a durganly fellow. Isl. duergur, Kiliano, dwergh. West-
m(erland) a dwarwh."
1 The Medulla explains bigermen to be the mixed grain called in the Promptorium,
MESTLYONE, but it seems here to signify after-grass, or after-math, still called edgrow
in some parts of England. Bp. Kennett mentions the word in his glossarial collections,
Lansd. MS. 1033. " Eddish, roughings or after-math in meadows, but more properly
the stubble or gratten in corn-fields, from Sax. edisc, quod post messem in campis re-
linquitur. This word is in some southern parts corrupted into ersh, and in Surrey into
136
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
EFTE (or also, P.) Edam.
EGGE (edge, P.) Acies.
EGGYD TOOLE on bothe
Anceps.
EGGYD, as teethe for sowre frute.
Acidus, c. F. CATH. stupefac-
tus.
EGGYD, or steryd, or entycyd to
doon' a dede (steryd to gode or
bad, P.) InstigatuSj incitatus.
EGGYN, as te]?e for sowre mete.1
Obstupeo.
EGGYN, or entycyn' to doon'
well or yvele (eggen, or styre
to gode or yll, p).2 Incito,
provoco.
EGYL, byrde. Aquila.
EGYR, or egre.3 Acer.
EGMENT, or sterynge. Incitamen-
tum, instigacio.
EGYRYMONYE, herbe. Agrimo-
nia,) c. F.
EY (or egge, P.) Ovum.
EYE. Oculus, talmus.
EYE LEDE. Supercilium, cilium,
palpebra.
EYLDYNGE, or fowayle (fowaly,
K. fewaly, p.)4 Focale.
EYLYN'. (Obsto, P.)
EYMBRE, hote aschys (eymery or
synder, hote asshes, P.) Pruna.
EYJTHE (eyght, p.) Octo.
esh, as a wheat esh, a barley ash. In Cheshire eddgrew, eddgrow, eddgrouth, from the
Saxon preposition ed (which in composition denotes allwaie again, as re in the Latin,)
and growan, germinare, crescere." This word is not noticed by Mr. Wilbraham, and
it does not appear in the East Anglian Glossaries ; in Shropshire, according to Hol-
loway's Provincial Dictionary, the after-grass is called " edgrew," or, as stated by Mr.
Hartshorne, " headgrove, or headgrow." Salopia Antiqua. The common appellation
both in Norfolk and Suffolk is eddish, Ang. Sax. edisc, gramen serotinum, but it is
also termed rawings, roughings, or rowen, a word used by Tusser and noticed by Ray,
which may be a corruption of the older appellation edgrow. See Forby and Moore.
Tusser uses the words eddish and etch to signify a stubble, or land that has produced a
crop. In a copy of the Practica of John Arderne, Sloane MS. 56, p. 3, are some names
of plants in French and English, among which occurs " leeldillone, i. edgrowe,"
possibly some herb of autumnal growth, abounding in the after-grass. The Medulla
gives "frutex, a styke, a yerde, and buske, vnderwode, or eddysche."
1 Horman says, " my tethe edge with eating of these codlynges."
2 The verb to egg, from Ang. Sax. eggian, incitare, occurs in this signification in R.
Brunne, Piers Ploughman, and Chaucer, who uses also the substantive ;
" Soth is it, that thurgh womannes eggement
Mankind was lorne, and damned ay to die." Man of Lawe's Tale.
3 The old writers give to the word eager the significations of sour, and of fierce ; the
first from the French " aigre, eager, sharp, tart, biting." COXGR. " Exacerlo, to
make eygre." ORTUS. Palsgrave gives " Egernesse, bytternesse. Egar, fiers or mody
as a wild beest is,fel."
"He hente a spere with egre mode." Octovian, line 1653.
" And sclendre wives, feble as in bataille,
Beth egre as is a tigre yond in Inde." Clerke's Tale.
4BIn the dialects of the North, as observed by Ray, any kind of fuel is called eldin,
and' the term is applied to the brush- wood of which fences are made. See Brockett, the
Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. Ang. Sax. seld, ignis, aelan, accendere. The word is
given by Bp. Kennett among his valuable glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOBUM.
137
EYJTENE (eyghtene, P.) Octo-
decim, vel decem et octo, secun-
dum correcciones fratrum pre-
dicatorum.
EYJTHE HUNDRYD. Octingenti.
EYJTY. Octoginta.
EY3THE TYMYS. OctlCS.
EYJTYNDELE, mesure (eyhtyndyl,
K. eyghtydell, j. w.)1 Saturn,
CATH.
EYAR, element (eyre, p.) Aer,
ether, ethera, CATH.
EYYR, or herytage (eyre, p.)
Heres.
EYTHER, or bothe. Uterque.
ELE, fysche. Anguilla.
ELBOWE. Cubitus, KYLW.
ELBE, or olde, for-weryde (eeld,
or worne, P.) Vetustus, de-
tritus, inveteratus.
EELDEN', agyn'2 supra in A, et ve-
terasco.
EL(D)FADYR. Socer.
ELDYR, or hyldyr, or hillerne tre
(hillar, K. hyltre, or elerne, H.
elder, or hyltre, or elorne, p.)3
Sambucus.
ELDE MAN, or woman. Senex,
annosus, veteranus, grandevus,
longevus.
ELD MODYR (elmoder, K. p.)4
Socrus.
1 Half a bushel is given hereafter as the same measure which is here intended ; and
the term EYJTYNDELE seems to be derived from its being the eighth part of a coom, or
half quarter, which has already occurred, COWME of corile, cumba. Compare DELE, and
HALVUNDEL. Ang.-Sax. dsel, pars. Bp. Kennett, in his glossarial collections, Lansd.
MS. 1033, mentions another local name for the same measure, " a tofet, the measure
of half a bushel, Kent ; some say two fats. Sax. fat, or fact, was the same measure as our
peck."
2 Agan, MS. The word elde, still retained in the Northern dialect, occurs often as a
substantive in old writers. Thus in the Wicliffite version, 3 Kings, xv. 23, is thus
rendered, "Asa hadde ache in feet in J>e tyme of his eelde ;" and it is commonly used
in Piers Ploughman. See Chaucer's description of " Elde " personified, Rom. of Rose.
" Senectus, helde ; senex, haldman." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Elde, senecta,
senium, annositas." CATH. ANG. In the version of Vegecius. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII., it
is said that military exercises " must be vsede before in yongthe, or the body be made
slewthefulle by age and elde." B. i. c. 4. Ang.-Sax. eld, senectus.
3 In Norfolk, according to Forby, the elder tree is still called eldern; " sambucus, an
eldrun," Harl. MS. 1002. Gautier de Bibelesworth says,
" Mes de sueau (of ellern, MS. Phill. hildertre, Arund. MS.) lemfet suheaus,
Vn manger Jce est bons et beaus (wij? miike.)"
In Worcestershire the elder is termed ellern, and Piers Ploughman speaks of it thus :
" Impe on an ellere,
And if thy appul be swete,
Muchel merveille me thinketh." Vision, line 5471.
" Un sehu,an ellir tree." Harl. MS. 219. Ang.-Sax. ellarn, ellen, sambucus. In the
North the alder is called an eller, whence several names of places, as Ellerbeck, Eller-
burn, &c. in Yorkshire, are derived. Ang.-Sax. air, alnus. "An ellyrtre, alnus ;
alnetum est locus ubi crescunt." CATH. ANG. In the Ortus is given another name of the
elder, " sambucus, burtre, or hydul tre."
4 " An elfadyr, socer ; an eldmoder, socrus."' CATH. ANG. In the North an ell-mother-
or eld-moder, signifies a mother in law, or step-mother, but, as Jamieson observes, must
CAMD. SOC. T
138
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ELDWOMANN'. Anns, vetula.
ELEBRE, herbe (elebyr, K. P.)
Eleborus.
ELEFAUNTE, or olyfamit, beste.
Elephas, elephantus, CATH.
barrus.
ELEMENT. Elementum.
ELEUYN'. Undecim.
ELFE, spryte.1 Lamia, CATH. et
UQ. in lanio.
ELYER, or elger, fyscharys instru-
ment.2 Anguillaris, fuscina,
c. F. fragidica dentata, KYLW.
ELYCE, propyr name (Ely, K. p.)
ffelias.
ELM, tre. Ulnus, c. F. (ulmus, K.)
ELMES, supra in A, ALMES.
(ELMESFULMAN, p. Elemosina-
rius, elemosinaria, rogatarius.}
(ELMES HOWS, p. Proseuca,
CATH.)
ELNE, or elle (mesoure, p.) Ulna,
KYLW.
ELOQUENT, or welle spoke man or
woman. Eloquens, dicosus, UG.
ELSYN' (elsyng, K.)3 Sibula.
have properly denoted a grandmother, from Ang.-Sax. ealde-moder, avia. John
Heworth of Gateshead bequeathed, in 1571, his best horse to his father in law, and adds,
' Item, I gyve vnto my eldmoder, his wyffe, my wyffes froke, and a read petticote."
Wills and Inv. published by the Surtees Soc. i. 352.
1 The Catholicon explains lamia to be a creature with a human face, and the body of
a beast, or, according to a gloss on Isaiah, xxxiv. 14, a sort of female centaur, which
entered houses when the doors were closed, as old wives' tales went, and cruelly used
the children, whence the name, " quasi lania, a laniando pueros." The ancient leeches
have given in their books numerous charms and nostrums for the relief of children
" taken with elvys ; " among which may be cited the following from a curious medical
MS. of XVth cent, in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps. " For a chylde that ys
elfe y-take, and may nat broke hys mete, that hys mouthe ys donne (sic.} Sey iij tymes
thys verse, Beata mater munere, &c. In the worchyppe of God, and of our Ladi, sey
iij pater noster, and iij aueys, and a crede ; and he schal be hole." In Sloane MS. 73,
f. 125, it is directed to " take J?e roote of gladen and make poudre J>erof, and jeue )>e
sike boj>e in his metes, and in hise drynkis, and he schal be hool wij>inne ix dayes and
ix ny^tis, or be deed, for certeyn." William Langham, practitioner in physic, recom-
mends this same remedy in his Garden of Health, 1579 ; and orders the root and seeds
of the peony to be hung about children's necks, as a charm against the haunting of the
fairies and goblins. The term elf is not, however, applied exclusively to mischievous
spirits, but to fairies generally. See in Brand's Popular Antiquities detailed obser-
vations on the Fairy Mythology. " An elfe, lamia, eumenis, dicta ab eu, quod est bonum,
et mene, defectus. Elfe lande," (no Latin word) CATH. ANQ. Herman seems to speak
of elves as a sort of vampires: "No man stryueth with deed men but elfis, laruce ; "
and Palsgrave gives ' ' elfe, or dwarfe, nain." Ang.- Sax. elf, lamia.
2 This instrument seems to be the same which in East Sussex and Kent is known by
the appellation of an eel-shear, but in other parts better known as an eel-spear.
3 This word occurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, where
a buckled girdle is described :
" Hen isy doyt le hardiloun (>e tunnge)
Passer par tru de subiloun (a bore of an alsene)."
An ehyne, acus, sulula." CATH. ANG. " Silula, an elsyn, an alle, or a bodkyn."
ORTUS. In the Inventory of the goods of a merchant at Newcastle, A.D. 1571, occur
" vj doss' elsen heftes, 12(7. j clowte and £ a c elson blades, viijs. viijd. xiij. clowtes of
talier nedles," &c. Wills and Inv. published by the Surtees Society, i., 361. The term
,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
139
ELLE WANDE (elwonde, P.) Ulna.
EEM, faderys broker. Patruus,
CATH.
EEM, modeiys brothere.1 Avun-
CUIUS, CATH.
EMBYRDAY (embyr, or embyrday,
H. p. Angarium, vel quatuor
tempot^um.
EMME, propyr name. Emma.
EMERAWNTYS, or emerowdys.
Emorrois, CATH.
EMPEROWRE. Imperator.
EMTY. Vacuus.
EMTYNGE, or a-voydynge (voyd-
inge, P.) Evacuacio.
ENCHESONE, or cause (enchesyn,
K. H. enchesen, p.)2 Causa.
ENCRECYN'. Accresco, augmento,
augmentor, CATH.
ENCRES, or incres. Incrementum,
augmentum, augmentacio, ex-
crescencia.
EENDE. Finis.
ENDE, dooke byrde.3 Anas.
EENDYD. Finitus, terminatus.
EENDYN', or makyn' a(n) ende.
Finio, consummo, desino, CATH.
ENDYNGE. Finicio, terminatio.
ENDYTYD, or indytyd for trespas
(of trespas, P.) Indicatus.
ENDYTYD, (or indityd, K.) as scrip-
ture and specrie.4 Dictatus.
ENDYTYN', or indytyn' scripture
and feyre speche. Dicto.
ENDYTYN' or (inditen of, F.) tres-
pace. Indicto.
ENDYTYNGE, or indytynge of feyre
speche, or scripture. Dictamen.
is derived from the French alene ; " elson for cordwayners, alesne." PALSG. In
Yorkshire, and some other parts of England, an awl is still called an elsen.
1 The Anglo-Saxon word earn, avuuculus, is commonly used by Chaucer, Gower, and
all the earlier writers, and is not yet obsolete in the North of England. It is related
in the life of St. Peter of Melane, that "one his erne whiche was an heretyke de-
maunded of his lesson, and the chylde sayd to hym, credo ; — his uncle sayd to hym
that he sholde no more say so." Legenda Aur. " An erne, avunculus, patruus. Versus,
Patruus a patre pendet, avunculus ex genitrice. An erne son or doghter, potnuHt, ex
parte patris ; consobrinus, ex parte mains'" CATH. ANG. Bp. Kennett gives in his
glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, the following use of the word earn, noticed
likewise by Grose: "Earn, an unkle, Bor. This term in the North is familiarly
applied to a gossip, and indeed to any friend or neighbour ; so is the word unkle in
Worcestershire, and adjoining parts, where mine unkle or my nunkle is a common
appellation, as mine earn in the North. Ex ore viri doctissimi G. H."
2 This word is derived from the French " acheison, encheison ; occasion heureuse,
loisir, cause de bonheur, dessein," &c. ROQUEF. " Enchesun, causa, occasio, occ?o,
eventus, casus, ratio." Synonym. Hari. MS. 1002. See CHESUN, and CAWSE, or
enchesone. It is used by Wicliffe, and many early writers. Occleve says of St. Margaret,
" But understandeth this, I onely commend her nought,
By encheson of her virginitie." Letter of Cupide.
3 This appellation of a duck, which now seems to be quite obsolete, is the Aug.
Saxon ened, anas, in Dutch, eend ; it occurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth.
" Zlusi a il ane (enede) et plounczoun, (douke)
Qen riuere ont lour mansioun (woning.)" MS. at Middle Hill.
And in another passage, " de naturell noyse dts oyseaus, it is said,
" En marreis ane iaroiiie (enede queketh.)"
4 ENDYTYD, or yid MS. The scribe has left a blank on account of a defect
140
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ENDYTYNGE (or indytinge, K.) of
trespace. Indictacio.
ENDYVE, herbe. Endivia.
ENDLES. Infinitus, interminabilis.
ENDE METE, for dookelyngys (end-
mete, H. P. edmette, j. enmotte,
w.) Lenticula, KYLW.
ENGYNNE, or ingyne. Machina.
ENGLYSSHE -speche. Anglicum,
(ydioma, p.)
ENGLYSHEMAN, or woman. An-
glicus.
ENGLONDE. Anglia.
ENHAWNCYN', or ynhawnsyn' (in-
haunten, p.) Extollo, exalto.
ENYOYEN', or make ioy (enioyn,
K. enioyen, p.) Exulto, gaudeo.
ENYYNTYSCHEN, or wastyn' (en-
yntyschyn, H.) Attenuo, exi-
nanio.
ENYN', or brynge forthe kynde-
lyngys.1 Feto.
ENMY. Inimicus, hostis, emulus.
(ENMYTE, p. Inimicitia, hostilitas.
ENOYNTYD. Inunctus.
ENOYNTYN', (or innoyntyn, K.)
supra in ANOYNTYN'.
ENOYNTYN', or gresyri', or ley yn'
to a thynge softe matere. Linio.
ENOYNTYNGE. Inunctio.
ENTYRFERYN'. Intermisceo.
ENTYRYD, or intyryd, as dede
men. Funeratus.
ENTYRYN' (or intyryn, p.) dede
men'. Funero, c. F. infunero,
c. F.
ENTYREMENT, or yntyrment.
Funerale.
ENTYRME(N)TYN' (entermentyn,
K. p.) Intromitto (yel inter-
mitto, K.)
ENTYRMENTYNGE. Intromissio.
ENTYRMENTOWRE (entermetoure,
p.) Intromissor, intromissatrix.
ENTRE. Introitus, ingressus.
ENTRYD, or browjte yn'. Induc-
tus, introductus.
ENTRYN yn to a place. Introio,
intro.
ENVYE, or invye. Invidia, invi-
dencia.
ENVYOWS, or invyowse. Jnvidus.
ERANYE, orspyde (r), or spynnare,2
Aranea.
ERBE. Herba.
ERBE ION', or Seynt lonys worte.
Perforata, fuga demonum,
ypericon.
ERBARE.S Herbarium, virida-
rium, viridale.
in the MS. from which his transcript was made; this appears to be supplied by the
reading of the King's MS.
1 The verb to can or yean, which is commonly applied only to the bringing forth of
lambs, here appears to have had anciently the more general signification of the word from
which it is derived, Ang.-Sax. eanian, eniti, parturire. See Somner, Nares, and
Richardson.
3 In the Latin-English Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs among " nomina
vermium, aranea, nerane;" the Medulla gives " muscaranetw, a litelle beste that
sleethe the flye, the erayne ;" and the Catholicon Angl. "Erane, a spyder or an atter-
copp, aranea." Ray mentions arayn as the name given to the larger sorts of spiders in
Nottinghamshire, and the word aran, or arain, is still in use in Yorkshire. See ARAYNYE
and SPYNNARE.
3 A garden was termed an ERBARE, or herber, from the French herbier, and the
appellation must not be here confounded with arbour, the derivation of which is pro-
bably from Ang.-Sax. herberga, mansio. Chaucer, however, seems to use the word
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
141
ERCHEBUSCHOPPE. Archiepis-
copus, archipresul.
ERCHEDEKENE. ArcJiidiaconus.
ERCHEPRESTE. Archipresbyter.
ERYE, or erthe (erde, K.)1 Terra,
humus, tellus.
ERYYN', or of the erthe. Terrenus.
ERTHE QWAKE, or erbe dene (er-
dyn, or erde qwave, K. erthdyn,
, p.)2 Terremotus, sisimus, c. F.
ERNDE, or massage (erdyn, K. H.
erden, p.) Negocium, nuncium.
ERE of a beste (man, K.) Auris,
auricula.
ERE of corne. Spica.
ERE of a vesselle. Ansa.
ERYSY. Herisis.
ERYTYKE. Hereticus, herettca.
ERYAR of londe. Arator, glebo,
c. F. georgicus, c. F.
ERYDAY, or eueryday. Quotidie.
ERYYN' londe.3 Aro.
ERYYNGE of londe. Aracio.
ERYTAGE. Hereditas.
ERLE, lorde. Comes.
ERLDAM. Comitatus.
ERLY, or by-tymys yn }>e morn-
y(n)ge. Mane (tempestive, p.)
EERLONDE (Erlond, K.) Hiber-
nia, Tanatos, c. F.
ERMYNE for forowrys (ermyns or
furre, P.) Erminius, c. F.
ERMYTAGE. Her(e)mitorium.
ERMYTE (eremyte, p.)4 Heremita.
herber in both significations. " Viretum, locus pascualis virens, a gres^erd, or an
herber." MED. "An herber, herbarium." CATH. ANG. " Herbarium, an herber, ubi
crescunt herbe, vel ubi habundant, or a gardyn." ORTUS. Caxton says, " Richer the
carter shall lede dong on my land whan it shall be ered, and on my herber (courtil)
whan it shall be doluen." Book for Travellers. Hall describes a curious pageant ex-
hibited at the entry of the Emperor Charles Vth into London, A.D. 1522, part of which
was " a quadrant stage where on was an herber full of roses, lyllies, and all other flowers
curiously wrought, and byrdes, beastes, and all other thynges of pleasure." Chron. 14
Hen. VIII.
1 It has been observed under the word BLO ERYE, that the reading of the MS. may
perhaps be considered as corrupt, by an error of the scribe, who wrote y for J> ; but it
must be observed that similar errors are of very rare occurrence in this MS., and that
the words are here placed in their proper order, as written with a y, whilst ERTHELY
will be found in its place afterwards, the letter > being in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet
usually placed at the end, and in the Promptoriuin next after w. In an early MS. of
the Medulla Grammatice, in the Editor's possession, which is equally free from the use
of the character y instead of >, which towards the later part of the XVth century became
very general, occurs the word " gliteus, eryen."
2 " An erthe dyne, terremotus, or an erthe qvake." CATH. ANQ. Mention occurs
of " ertbequaues " in the Legenda Aur. f. xxv. Ang.-Sax. eor"S-dyn, terrce motus,
cwacung, tremor. Robert of Gloucester uses the words erj>gryj?e, and erthegrine,
signifying an earthquake.
3 "To ere, ubi to plughe.'' CATH. ANG. Palsgrave gives the verbs to ere, or to erye
land, in the sense of ploughing; " he hath eared hislande, God send hym good innyng. To
erye the yerthe, labourer." Harrison, in his description of Britain, B. ii., c. 24,
speaking of the numerous antiquities turned up by the plough, says that " in the be-
ginning of the same Kings daies (Henry VIII.) also at Killeie a man found as he eared,
an arming girdle harnesed with pure gold," with spurs of gold, and other precious
things, of which part were in the possession of one Dr. Ruthall. Holinsh. Chron. i. 217.
Ang.-Sax. erian, arare.
* From the Anglo-Saxon times until the Reformation, hermits, as well as anchorites
142 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ERNEST, supra in ARNEST, hansale ;
et a (r)ra, arabo, strena.
ERNEST, ceryowste (or arnest, K.)
Seriositas.
ERNESTLY. Seriose.
ERNYN', as horse (eerne, p.)1
Cursito.
ERTARE. Irritator, irritatrix.
ERTYN'. Irrito.
ERTYNGE. Irritacio.
or recluses, were a numerous class in England; many curious particulars regarding
them have been brought together by Fosbroke, in his British Mouachism, p. 503. The
essential difference between the hermit and the ANK.YR, or recluse, the terms occurring in
the Promptorium, appears to be defined by Giraldus in his epistle to Abp. Langton,
where he makes use of the following expression: " Heremitce solivagi — Anachoritoe
conclusi.'" Ang. Sacra, ii., 436. They had both, however, a fixed dwelling-place, al-
though differing in certain conditions; the establishment of an hermitage was among
those acts which in former times served to testify, in a signal manner, of the piety of
the founder, or his gratitude for divine protection. Thus it appears by Pat. 1 Hen. IV.
that, having landed in Holderness, on his return after many years of banishment, and
been seated on the throne, one of the first acts of that sovereign was the precept " de
heremitagio cedificando apud quendam locum vocatum Ravenescrosbourne, in quo Rex
ultimo suo adventu applicuit."1' A curious evidence of the high respect and estimation
in which recluses and hermits were held at this period, is afforded by the will of Henry,
Lord de Scrop, A.D. 1415, whose bequests in their favour are singularly numerous and
detailed. Rymer, ix., 275.
1 The verb to erne or yerne, signifying to hasten, or run as an animal, Ang.-Sax.
yrnan, currere, has not been sufficiently distinguished from the verb to yearn, Ang.-Sax.
geornian, desiderare, expressive of anxious longing or deep affection. The former
occurs in several of the old romances; thus it is related of the wonderful long-legged
race that Alexander found running bare-foot in the Indian forest,
" Every wilde dere astore,
Hy mowen by cours ernen tofore/' K. Alis. line 5003.
So also of the King of Navarre, when he charged forward to meet the Soudan's cham-
pion,
" Vpon a stede he gan yerne
With sper and scheld." Octouian, line 965.
See also line 1934, where it is written "erne." It expresses also the strenuous move-
ment of the sailor.
" The maryners awey gonne skylle,
And yorne awey, with good wylle
Well hastily." Ibid, line 561.
In Piers Ploughman's Vision it is used to signify the flow of water, or running of tears.
" And then welled water for wicked workes,
Egrely ernyng out of men's eyen." Passus 20.
Laneham, in his curious account of the reception of Elizabeth at Kenilworth Castle, in
1575, uses the word in describing the eager course of the stag-hound; " the earning of
the hoounds in continuauns of their crie, ye swiftnea of the deer, the running of footmen,
the galloping of horsez . . . mooued paatyme delectabyl." Bishop Kennett, in his
glossarial coll. notices the sense of the word to earn, as used in the North, which is
given also by Brockett and Jamieson; " to earn, to run as chees doth. Earning, chees
rennet, Bor. from Sax. yrnen, currere." Lansd. MS. 1033.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
143
ERWYGLE (erewygyll, p.)1 Au-
realis, UG. in auris.
ERTHELY. Terrene.
ERTHLY (or of ertlie made, p.)
Terrenus, terrestris.
EES, fyschys mete on a hoke, (or
boyght for fisshes, p.)2 Esca,
escarium, KYLW.
ESCHE, tre. Fractinus(fraxinus^p^)
ESCH KEY, frute. Clava, c. F. in
fractinus.
ESE, or cowmfort. Levamen,
consolamen.
ESE, or reste. Quies (requies, P.)
ESY. Quietus.
Es Y, or soft, as wedyr. Tranquillus.
ESY, or softe yn' sterynge. Lentus.
EsYLLE.3 Acetum.
ESYLY. Quiete, tranquille.
ESYLY, or sokyiigly. Sensim,
paulatim.
ESYN' of charge, or grevowsnesse,
A llevio.
ESYN', or cukkyn', or schytyn' (or
voydyn as man at priuy place,
K. cuckyn, H. kackyn, P.) Ster-
j merdo, egero, CATH.
ESYN' yn herte, of hevynesse.
Quieto, delinio.
ESPE, tre. Tremulns.
EST. Oriens.
EESTERNE. Pascha.
ESTWARDE. Orientalis (orien-
taliter, p.)
EST WYNDE. Eurus.
ETYN'. Manduco, comedo, ves-
cor, CATH. mando, prandeo,
edo.
ETYNGE. Manducacio, commestio.
ETYNGB HOWS.E. Pransorium,
CATH.
ETYNGE appulle tre. Esculus.
EwARE.4 Aquarius .vel (aqua)ria.
EVENYN', or make evyn'. Equo,
coequo, adequo.
(EuEN in menynge, or clothynge,
p. Uniformis, et inde unifor-
miter.)
EVYN', a-lyke. Equus, equalis.
EVYNHOODE (evynhede, P.) Equa-
litas, equitas.
EVENEHOLDE, or eiienelde (even-
olde, K. euyn olde, p.)5 Coevus,
coetaneus.
1 The earwig is still, according to Forby, called eriwiggle in Norfolk, but it appears
to be only a local corruption, as the word is usually written more conformably to its
Ang. -Saxon original, ear-wig^a, vermis auricularis. Thus in a Vocabulary, Harl. MS.
1002, is found " a^lr^olus, Anylice a jerwygge ; " and Palsgrave gives " Erwygge, a
worme." See ARWYGYLL.
2 This curious word appears to be a Latinism ; but is, perhaps, more directly taken
from the old French, " Esche ; appdt, amorce ; esca" ROQUEF.
3 This word is used by Chaucer and Lydgate, who in the Troy Book speaks
" Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine."
" Acetum, ayselle or bytter wyne." MED. GRAMM. " Acelum, aysyl, or vinegre." Roy.
MS. 17 C. XVII. " Acetum, ayesell ; Oxigalus, aysell menged." ORTUS. It occurs also
in the Ferine of Cury. Ang.-Sax. eisile, aisil, acetum.
4 This word usually signifies a vessel for water ; " ewer to wasshe with, aiguier,"1*
PALSG. ; its meaning seems here to be transferred from the ewer to the person by whom
it is carried. The Medulla gives " aquarius, aquaria, a waturberere." Ang.-Sax.
hwer, huer, cacabus. Among the domestics of the Earl of Essex, mentioned in his will,
1361, occurs " Davy, q'est Barber et Ewer." Nichols' Roy. Wills, 53.
5 " Evyn eldes, coetaneus, coevus, coleclaneus, eqitevus." CATH. ANG. " Coetaneus,
144
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
EVENYNGE, ]>e laste parte of ]>e
day. Vesper, vespera, CATH.
sero, UG. in sereno.
EVESE, or evesynge of a howse.1
Stillicidium, imbrex, imbricium,
CATH. domicilium.
EVERY DAY. Quotidie.
EVESTERRE. Esperus, vesper,
CATH.
EVYDENS. Evidencia.
EVYL. Mains.
EVYL, or sekenesse. Infirmitas.
EVYL HAPPE, or evyl chefe.2 In ^
fortunium, diffortunium.
EUER LASTYNGE. Sempiternus,
perpetuus, perhennis, eternus.
EVYRLASTYNGNESSE. EtemitaS,
perpetuitas, perhennitas.
EUERMORE. Eternaliter, per-
petue, perhenniter (semper, K.)
Ex, instrument. Securis.
EXAMYN', or apposyn', or a-sayyn
(posyn, H. posen, p.)3 Examine.
EXAWMPLE. Exemplum.
EXAWMPLERE. Exemplar.
EXAWMPLYN'. Exemplifico, ex-
emplo, CATH.
EXECUTOWRE. Executor, exe-
cutrix.
EXCESSE, or owterage. Excessus.
EXCESSE of drynke. Bibera, UG.
EXCESSE of etynge. Peredia, UG.
EXCLUDYD, or put owte. Ex-
clusus.
EXCLUDYNGE, or puttynge owte.
Exclusio.
unius ejusdem etatis, euen olde." ORTUS. Herman says, "lyke as I se my son do for his
frende and eue^elde (egualis) and help hym in his maters, so it is right that we olde
men shuld help and do eche for oder." Ang. Sax. efen-eald, coevus.
1 The term evesynge, from the Ang. Sax. evesung, tonsura, evese, margo, occurs in
the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth ; MS. at Middle Hill.
" JEt ceueroundel (sparewe net) a la ceuerounde (at be euesinge)
Prent le musshoun et le arounde (swalewe)."
" Seuerunder a la severunde (a serundel at be eueses)." Arund. MS. 220, f. 301, b.
It would seem hence that it was usual to take small birds, as the muskeron, or sparrow,
and the swallow, by means of a net adjusted to the house eaves ; they probably served,
as they do still in Italy and Southern Europe, as articles of food. In Piers Ploughman's
Vision are mentioned " Isykles in evesynges ; " and in the Creed " Oreheyarde and
erbers evesed wel clene ; " in which instance the word seems to be used precisely in the
sense of the Ang.-Saxon verb efesian, tondere^ unless it may signify that the erber, or
garden of herbs, was neatly hedged in. The Medulla renders " intonsus, vn evesed.
Antipophara, an evesynge." In the North of England the eaves are called easings.
" Severonde, the eaue, eauing, or easing of a house." COTGR.
2 The word chefe, signifying chance or fortune, has occurred already, but in the MS.
is written, as it would seem erroneously, CHEP. It appears to be taken from the French
chef, chief, which, according to Roquefort, implies not only the head, or the commence-
ment of a thing, but the end, issue, or extremity. Chaucer, in the Merchant's second
Tale, speaks of " the boncheif and the myscheff ; " and in the account of William
Thorpe's examination by Abp. Arundel in 1407, published by Foxe from a contemporary
authority, it is related that he said, " if I consented to you to doo heere after your will
for bonchefe or mischefe that may befall me in this life, I deme in my conscience that
I were worthy herefore to be cursed of God."
3 The verb apposyn', which does not occur in the Harl. MS. in its proper place
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
145
EXCUSABLE. Excusdbilis.
EXCUSACYON'. Excusacio.
EXCUSYD. Excusatus.
EXCUSYN'. Excuso.
EXEMPTYDE (exempt, p.) Ex-
emptus.
(EXEMPCION, K. P. Exempcio.)
EXYLYD. Extorris, c. F. UG.
EXYLYN', or banyshen'. Bannio,
relego, UG. (exulo, K.)
EXPERYMENT. Experimentwn.
EXPERTPULLE, be dede know-
ynge (expert full knowen, K. p.)
Expertus.
EXPOSYCYON', or expownynge.
Exposicio.
EXPRESSYN', or spekyn' owte
opynly (shewen openly, p.) Ex-
primo.
EXTORCYON*. Extorcio, exactio,
angaria.
EXTORCYONERE. Extortor, ex-
actor, predator, angarius, BRIT.
EXULTRE, or ex tre, supra in A,
AXILTRE.
FABLE, or tale (fabyll, P.) Fabula.
FACE. Fades.
FACEET, booke (facet, K. faucet,
p.) Facetus.
FACYN, or shewyn' boolde face,
Effrono, CATH.
FACULTE. Facultas.
FACUNDE, or fayrnesse of speche.1
Facundia, eloquencia.
FADYN', or lese the colow^e.
Mar ceo.
FADYR. Pater, genitor.
FADYR YN LAWE. Socer.
FADYR and modyr yn' one worde.
Parens.
FADYRKYN', or modyrkyii' (fadyrs
or moderys kin, K.) Parentela.
FADYRLESSE chylde. Orphanus,
G. F.
FADER Q WELL ARE. Patricida.
FADME, or fadyme.2 Ulna, CATH.
in brachium, lacerta.
FADMYN' (fadomyn, p.) Ulnot
CATH. in brachium.
FADEMYNGE. Ulnacio.
alphabetically, has here the same signification as that in which it is used by Chaucer,
and many of the old writers, namely, of putting to the question, or examining judicially.
" May I not axe a libel, Sire Sompnour,
And answere ther by my procuratour,
To swiche thing as men wold apposen me ?" Frere's Tale.
" I appose one, make a tryall of his lernyng, or laye a thyng to his charge. I am nat
to lerne nowe to appose a felow, aposer.""1 PALSG.
1 Chaucer, in the Assembly of Fowls, uses the word facond both as a substantive and
an adjective, as in French, "Facond, eloquent; faconde, eloquence." ROQUEF. So
also he says of Virginia,
" Tho she were wise as Pallas, dare I saine,
(Her facond eke full womanly and plaine)
No counterfeited termes at all had shee
To seeme wise." Doctor of Physic's Tale.
In the Golden Legend it is said that " Martha was ryght faconde of speche, and
curteys."
2 The ancient Anglo-Saxon measure of six feet, fse'Sem, ulna, the space of both arms
extended, was, at the time the Promptorium was compiled, still used as a measure of
length, and subsequently more exclusively applied to depth. Horman says, that " in a
CAMD. SOC. U
146
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORTJM.
FAGYN, or flateryii'.1 Adulor.
FAGYNGE, or flatcrynge. Adulacio.
FAGOTT. Fassis, times, CATH.
FAYNARE, or flaterere. Adulator.
FAYNE, or fayne (sz'c.)2 Libens.
FAYRE yn' beWte. Pulcher, ve-
nustus, decorus, bellus, c. F.
FAYRE CHYLDE.S Ephebus, epheba,
CATH.
, mery wedur or tyme (fayir
as wedyr, K.) Amenus.
FAYRE SPEKAR. Orator, retor.
FAYRE SPECHE. Lepos, CATH.
c. F. rethorica.
(FAYIRNESSE of speche, K. Fa-
cundia.)
FAYRNESSE of bewte. Decor, ve-
nustas, pulcritudo, species.
FAYRNESSE of wedur, and tyme.
Amenitas.
FAYTOWRE.4 Fictor, simulator,
simulatrix.
FAYTOWRYS gresse, or tytymal
(f'aytours grees, P.) Titimallus.
man that is of laufull stature, the lengthe fro the toppe of his heed to his hele, and fro
the both toppys of his myddell fyngers, whan he makethe a vadome, is all one."
1 "To fage, adulari, assentari, blandiri, blandificare, delinire, palpare. A fagynge,
llandicia. Fagynge, blandus." CATH. ANG. This word is derived from the Ang.-Sax.
fsegnian, fsegenian, gaudere, which has also the signification of flattering. Hardyng,
relating the guileful practices of Vortigern on the weak King Constaunce, says,
" Such subtyle meane to fage the Kyng he fande." Chron. c. Ixvi.
Coles gives "fage, a merry tale." Palsgrave gives the verb "I fagge from the trouthe
(Lydgate) ; this terme is nat in our comen use." It may be questioned whether Drayton
does not use the verb to fadge in this sense ; but it is explained by the GHossarists as
signifying only to agree, or accord; Ang.-Sax. fegan, jungere.
" With flattery my muse could neuer fadge." Pastorals, Eel. 3.
2 It would at first sight appear from this reading of the MS. as also from a word that
occurs subsequently, FOR3ETYN, or fo^etyu, that the initial ff must have some special
power of its own, and not merely represent the capital F. None such, however, can be
assigned, and the readings are, probably, in both instances corrupted by the scribe. In
the present case the correction appears to be FAYNE, or fawne, and in the second the
true reading may be FOR3ETYN, or forgetyn. "Fayne, ubi mery. Alacer, ci2)ricus, di-
lectabilis, hilaris, letus." CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax. fae$en, Icetus. See FAWN'.
3 The appellation fair child, bel fils, or BEFYCE, which has occurred previously, was
one of endearment or courtesy, afterwards used only to signify a son-in-law. Instances
of its use are not infrequent; thus in Piers Ploughman's Vision, when Joseph relates
to his father his dream that the sun, moon, and stars " hailsed hym all,"
" Beau fitz, quod his fader,
For defaute we shullen,
I myself and my sones,
Seche thee for neede." line 4819.
4 A FAYTOWRE was, as it seems, a conjuror, or a quack-salver, so called from the
French faiteor, or faiturier, a sorcerer ; and thence the name was applied to itinerant
pretenders to such skill, to mendicants, and generally to idle livers. H Ftritard, faiteor,
un parresseux." LACOMBE. The plant called quack-salver's turbith or spurge, the
Tithymalus or Esula of the old botanists, Euphorbia, Linn, was much employed in
homely physic, as also by the empirics in former times. Its virtues are detailed by
Gerarde and Parkinson. See TITYMALLE. The MS. has similator, as also similacio.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 147
FAYTERYE (faytre, H. p.) Fictio,
simulacio, ficticium.
FAYTOWRE, ]>at feynythe sekenesse
for trowantyse (trowandyse, P.)
Vagius, UG.
FAL. Casus, lapsus, ruina.
FALLARE, or he bat oftyn' tyme
fallythe. Cadax, CATH. ca-
ducus, cadabundus, UG.
FALDYNGE. clothe.1 Falinge,
amphibalus, c. F. birrus, c. F.
FALYYN', or faylyfi'. Deficio.
FAYLYNGE, or fawte (falyynge, p.)
Defectus.
FALLE, or mows trappe.2 Musci-
pula, decipula.
FALLYN', or ovyr throwyn'. Cado,
ruo, CATH.
1 Compare ROW CLOTHE, as faldynge and other lyke, which occurs hereafter. The
term faldyng, signifying a kind of frieze, or rough-napped cloth, is derived by Skinner
from Ang. Sax. feald, plica, because coarse wrappers or mantles were usually made of
it. Chaucer describes the West Country shipman as clad
" In a goune of falding to the knee." Cant. Tales, Prol.
Nicholas, the Oxford clerk, had his books, and appliances of science,
" On shelues all couched at his bed's hed ;
His presse icouered with a faldyr\g red,
And all aboue there lay a gay Sautrie."" Miller's Tale.
Nich. de Schirburn, an ecclesiastic of York, bequeathed, in 1392, " tunicam de niyro
faldyng lineatam ; " and Ric. Bridesall, merchant of the same city, makes this devise ;
" lego patri meo meam armilausam, videlicet faldyng clok." Testam. Ebor. i. 173, 174.
" Amphibalus, a sclaveyn, a faldynge or a dudd." MED. GRAMM. "A faldynge,
amp/iibalus. A faldynge, plicacio, convolucio,"" CATH. ANG. This kind of cloth was
supplied, probably, from the North of Europe, and identical with the woollen wrappers
of which Hermoldus speaks, " quos non appellamus Faldones ; " Chron. Slav. i. c. 1 ;
called by Adam Bremensis " Paldones." Frieze received its name from Friesland, and
the rough garments of that country are called by Andrew Borde " dagswaynes," as has
been noticed above in the note on that word, The Polonie of Scotland may have
received its name from its Polish origin ; see the curious observations on that word in
the Supplement to Jamieson's Dictionary. These garments, as also the Irish mantles,
much in request so late as the reign of Charles I. as appears by the Custom-house
rates, were, probably, the same as the faldyng ; the last were usually imported in pairs,
upon which the duty, as rated in 1553, was 5s. and by the Kytson Household Book it
appears that in 1573 the price of "a coople of Irish mantells " was 43s. History
of Hengrave. " Sndromia, vestis villoso, de arietis pellibus facta, vel pallium forte
villosum, &c. an yrysshe mantell." ORTUS. " Bracca, that kyncj^ of a mantell whiche
nowe commeth out of Ireland, or a longe garment made of roughe frise." ELYOT, 1542.
Fallin signifies in Irish, according to Lluyd, a mantle, and the term appears to be iden-
tical with that used by Giraldus Camb. in his description of the Irish, composed in
1185; " caputiis modicis assueti sunt et arctis, trans humeros deors^<,m, cubito tenus
protensis, .... sub quibus phaliitgis laneis quoque, palliorum vice, utuntur." Topog.
Hibern. 1. iii. c. 10. The fashion of the phalingus is exhibited in marginal drawings
in a valuable contemporary MS. of Griraldus, in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps ;
and it is described by the appellation coccula in the Life of St. Cadoc, MS. Landav.
Eccl. as cited by Spelman, under that word. See further Tyrvvhitt's Chaucer, and
Ledwich's Antiquities of Ireland, 267.
2 See hereafter MOWSFALLE, "A felle for myse, dtcipula. A mowse felle, mus-
cipula." CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax. mus-fealle, muscipula.
148
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FALLE DOWNE to ]?e grownde, to
don' worschyppe. Protido.
FALLYN', or happyn'. Accidit,
evenit.
FALLYNGE downe, idem est quod
FALLYNGE evylle, or londe
yvelle.1 Epilencia, vel morlus
caducus.
FALSE. Falsus.
FALSE, and vntrosty. Perfidus.
FALSE, and deceyvable, and yvel
menynge. Versutus, versipellis,
UG. in verto.
FALSHEED. Falsitas.
FALSHEED yn' boke, for yvel wryt-
ynge. Menda, CATH. c. F. UG.
FALSYN', or make false. Falsifico.
FALSE MODDER, or wenche.2 Ca-
risia, CATH.
FALSE WRYTER. Plastographus,
CATH.
FALSE WRYTYNGE. Plastogra-
phia, CATH.
FALTRYN' yn }>e tunge. Cespito,
.vel lingua cespitare.
FALWE LONDE (falowen, p.)
NoVOj CATH.
FALOW, londe eryd. Novale, vel
novaltSj CATH. (UG. in neos, P.)
FAME, or loos of name,3 Fama.
FANN to dense wythe corne.4
VannuSy CATH.
FANE of a stepylle, or o]>er lyke.5
Cherucus, ventilogium.
1 ">e falland euylle, epilencia, comicius vel comicialis, morbus caducus, noxa,
fferenoxa" CATH. ANG. Epilepsy, or the falling sickness, appears to have been in
former times a very prevalent disorder, and had numerous appellations ; Cotgrave and
Sherwood give the following, in French, " le mal cadiique, mal de terre, le mal S. Jean,
le gros mal, le Jtaut mal, mal d'Alcide, mal des cornices, mal de Mahomet, mal de S.
Valentin, maladie de S. Jean, mauhilec, malubec." See LONDE IVYL.
2 Mawther, in the East Anglian dialect, still signifies a girl, according to Forby and
Moore. The explanation of the word carisia given in the Catholicon, has been adopted
in the Ortus, " Carisia dicitur lena vetus et litigiosa, unde el fallaces ancille, guia
•veritate carent, Anglice, false seruauntes." See MODEE, servaunte.
3 See LOOS, or fame.
4 " A fanne, capisterium, pala, vannus, ventilalrum.^ CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax. fann,
ventilalrum. The ancient form of this implement, explained in the Catholicon to be
" instrumentum de vimine factum, in modum scuti, mfcrwm," has undergone little
change during several centuries, as exhibited on the sepulchral brass at Chartham, in
Kent, representing Sir Robert de Setvans, or de Septem Vannis, who died in 1306.
The fan, or van, here appears both on the armorial surcoat, and the ailettes ; the
bearing, which is a curious example of the arma cantantia, or armes parlantes, appears
to have been, not sev^n vans, but three, as given in the Roll of Arms, t. Edw. II. Cott.
MS. Calig. A. xviil. A faithful representation of this curious memorial has been
given by Messrs. Waller in their valuable Series of Monumental Brasses.
* " A fayne of a schipe, cheruchus, et cetera ubi a wedercoke.1' CATH. ANG. Ang.
Sax. fana, vexillum. Chaucer uses this word repeatedly,
" O stormy peple, unsad and euer untrewe,
And undiscrete, and changing as a fane ! " Clerke's Tale.
Among the costs of the construction of a dormitory, at Burcester Priory, in 1424, is a
charge for " truncis de ferro, cum ij ventilogiis, viz. Vanys de tyn, ponendis super
utrumque finem dormitorii;" Kennett's Paroch. Ant. ii., 254 ; and in the accounts of
Thomas Lucas, Solicitor-Gen, to Henry VII. for the building of Little Saxham Hall,
PROMPTORITJM PARVULORUM. 149
FANGYN, or latchyn (lachyn or
hentyn, K. H.)1 Apprehendo.
FANNE corne, or ober lyke. Van-
no, CATH.
FANTASY, or fantan. Fantasma,
fantasia, CATH.
FANVN', or fanen' (fanofi, p.)2
Fanula, Dice, manipulus, CATH.
in 1507, is the entry, "a fane for my vise (winding stairs); iv vanys for my bruge,"
Rokewode's Hist, of Suif. 151. Chaucer, in the Manciple's Prologue, alludes to the rural
sport of justing " at the fan," in some MSS. " van ; " which has been explained as sig-
nifying a kind of quintain, so termed from its revolving like the fane of a weather-cock.
In the curious version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. a passage occurs, however,
which would lead to the supposition that Chaucer's allusion refers to a rural conflict,
with the winnowing fan, by way of shield ; it declares " how olde werriours were wont
to iuste with fannes, and pley with the pil, or the pale ; " and that tyros or young soldiers
ought to have " a shelde made of twigges sumwhat rounde, in maner of a gredryn, the
whiche is clepede a fanne — and therwith they sholde haue maces of tree." B. 1, c. xi.
See QUTNTYNE hereafter.
1 To fang or seize, Ang.-Sax. fang, captura, fangen, captus, is a verb used by R.
Brunne, and various writers, as late as Shakespeare. See UNDERFONGTN, and LATCHYN
hereafter.
2 The etymology of this appellation of the sacred vestment, termed also the maniple,
is uncertain ; the Latin pannus has been suggested", the German Fahne, or the Ang.
Saxon word of the like signification, fana, vexillum. The resemblance of the maniple
to the penon on the lance, called in France fanon, or pkanon, is obvious. The word
can 'hardly, however, be of Ang. Saxon derivation, as in Mlfric's Glossary, written
towards the close of the Xth cent, the maniple is termed " manualis, handlin ; " and
among the gifts of Bishop Leofric to Exeter Cathedral, about 1050, are mentioned
" iv subdiacones handlin." MS. Bodl. Auct. D. 2, 16. Leo IV. P.P. towards the
middle of the IXth cent, ordained thus, " nullus cantet sine amictu, sine alba, stola,
fanone et casida ; " and a contemporary writer, Rabanus Maurus, says, " quartum
sacerdotis indumentum mappula sive mantile est, quod vulgo fanonem vocant^"1 lust.
Cler. c. 18. The original intention and use of the maniple is explained by Alcuin and
Amalarius, writers of the same period, as follows : " Mappula, que in sinistra parte
gestatur, qud pituitam oculorum et narium detergimus.'' Shortly after, however, the
rich and massy ornaments bestowed upon the fanon rendered it unsuitable for its original
purpose. A specimen discovered at Durham, in the tomb attributed to St. Cuthbert,
is still preserved there ; it is elaborately ornamented with needle- work, on a ground
woven with gold, and was wrought, as appears by inscriptions upon it, by direction of
Pineda, Queen of Edward the Elder, for Frithelstan, consecrated Bp. Winchester
A.D. 905. It was probably brought to Durham, with other precious gifts, by Athelstan,
the successor of Edward, in 934. This fanon measures 32£ in. exclusively of a fringe
at the ends, If in. deep ; and its breadth is 2£ in. Elaborate drawings of this inte-
resting relic, and of the stole discovered with it in 1827, are in the possession of the
Society of Antiquaries. They are both ornamented with figures of saints. By this, and
other representations, it appears that the fanon was at that period worn loosely thrown
over the back of the hand, as on the Bayeux Tapestry in the representation of Abp.
Stigand ; but subsequently it was attached closely round the wrist. In a few instances
the fanon appears carried on the right, instead of the left hand, an example of which
occurs in the Bible of Charles the Bald, MS. of the IXth cent. See Montf. Mon.
Franc. 1, pi. xxvi. The fanon was usually of the same suit, de eddem secta, as the
stole, and the parures of the amice and the alb ; the material of which they were formed
was most costly. Among the gifts of Will, dc Elintune to Rochester, it is recorded
150
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FARDELLE, or trusse. Fardellus.
FARE, or boost. Jactancia, ar-
rogancia.
FARE, or ledynge of lyfe. Valitudo.
FARE, of schepemeii be J?e see.
Navigium.
FARE MAKERS, or bostowre. Jac-
tator, philocompus, c. F.
(FARE WELL, p. Vale, valeted)
FARE WELLE, or elle mon' (sic)
(badly, K. P.) Valeo, c. F.
FARYN' owte of be cuntre. De-
patrio.
FARYN' ovyr J>e see, or watur (on
the see, p.)1 Meo, transmeo,
navigo.
FARCYD, as metys. Farcitus.
FAARCE mete (farsen, p.) Farcio,
farcinOj CATH.
FARSURE. Farsura, farsumen.
FART. Trulla, bombus, CATH.
FARTARE. Pedo.
FARTON'. Pedo, CATH.
FARTYNGE, Peditura, bombizacio.
FACELYN', as clothys (faselyn, p.)2
Villo.
FASYLLE of a clothe (or other
lyke, P.) Fractillus, c. F. (vil-
lus, CATH. P.)
FASSYONE, or knowlechynge (fa-
cyon, p.) Fassio, confessio.
FASSYONE, or factyone, forme of
*' dedit stolam et fanum de nigra purpura — de viride ciclade — de alba purpura," &c.
Reg. Roff. 119. They were ornamented with gems, pearls, and goldsmith's work, as
appears by the inventories of the treasuries at Old St. Paul's and Lincoln, printed by
Dugdale. It must be observed that some distinction seems to have been made in Italy
in the Xlth cent, between the fanon and the maniple, but its precise nature has not
been ascertained. See the accounts of the gifts of Abbot Desiderius, Chron. Monast.
Casin. Murat. iv. 429, 487. " Fannell for a preeste's arme, fanon.'" PALSG. "Fanon,
a fannell or maniple, a scarfe-like ornament worne on the left arme of a sacrificing
Priest." COTG.
1 To fare, Ang.-Sax. faran, ire, is a verb frequently used by the earlier writers, as
B. Brunne, Rob. of Gloucester, Langtoft, and Chaucer.
" Ten thousand prest and yare,
Into batail for to fare." K. Alisaunder, line 1188.
Sir Thomas de la More, in his Life of Edward II. relates that at Bristol, on the way to
Berkeley Castle, Thomas de Gorney put upon his head a crown made of hay, and the
soldiers " ironid nimis acerla dixerunt, fare forth Syr Kynge." Ed. Camden, p. 602.
Minot, speaking of the journey of Edward III. into Brabant, in 1338, says,
" Unto France fast will he fare,
To confort hym with grapes."
Various significations of this verb are given by Palsgrave, " I fare, I go a iournay. I
fare with one, or entreate hym well or yuell. I fare, I playe at a game so named at the
dyse. I fare, I resemble another thyng in my dealing. I fare, I take on, as one doth yl
is in sorowe." Occasionally it is used in the sense of compelling to go ; thus, in the
Towneley Mysteries, Herod, enraged at the birth of Christ, declares,
" Under my feete I shalle thaym fare,
Those ladys that wille (not) lere my lare." p. 120.
2 Palsgrave gives the verb " I fasyll out, as sylke or veluet dothe, Ie mule ; my sieve
is fasylled, rauelee. Fasyll of clothe, cassure." ? Ang.-Sax. feMjjim&rta. The term to
ravel, now generally used in this sense, thus appears to be derived, not from the verb
to reave, or tear away, as it has been supposed, but from the French.
PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
151
makynge. Forma,formefactura,
formefactio.
FAST, or bowndyn', or festyd.
Vinctus, ligatus.
FAST, or festyd be clevynge to, or
naylynge, Fixus, confixus.
FASTE of abstynence (or fastynge,
K.) Jejunium.
FASTARE. Jejunator, jejunatrix.
FAST GONGE, or schroffetyde, or
gowtyde (fastyngon, p.)1 Carni-
priviwn (et carnibrevium, P.)
FASTYN'. Jejuna.
FASTYNGE. Jejunus, impransus,
c. P.
FASTYNGE, idem quod FASTE.
FATE, vesselle.2 Cuva, c. F. cupa
vel cupus, c. F. Dice.
FAT, or fet. Pinguis.
FAT FOWLE, or beste, mestyde
to be slayne (masted, p.)3 Al-
tile, UG. in alo.
(FATYN, or lesyn colour, K. Mar-
ceo.)
FATNESSE. Pinguedo, crassitude,
adeps.
1 " Fastyngange, carniprivium." CATH. ANG. Palsgrave gives "at fastyns, at
Fastyngonge, a Quaresme prenant." Blount, in his Dictionary of Hard Words, 1680,
gives " fasguntide " as a Norfolk word, which Forby considers as now obsolete. In
the statement made by the citizens of Norwich respecting a riot that occurred in 1441,
termed Gladman's Insurrection, they declare that it originated in the circumstance that
the said Thomas Gladman " on Tuesday, in the last ende of Cristemesse, viz. Fastyn-
gonge Tuesday, made a disport with his neyghbours, coronned as Kyng of Cristemesse."
Blomf. Hist. ii. 111. A detailed account of such local usages at Shrove-tide will be
found in Brand's Popular Antiq. vol. i. Hardyng, relating the conflict between the
Yorkists and Queen Margaret, which closed with the battle of St. Alban's, Shrove
Tuesday, Febr. 17, 1461, says,
" And southward came thei then therfore
To Sainct Albones, vpon the fastyngange cue (al. fastirne.)" Chron. c. 237.
The term is compounded from Ang.-Sax. faesten, jejunium, and gong, iter, or going,
the commencement of Lent. " Caresme prenant, Fastnes, or Shrove Tuesday."
COTG.
2 " A fatte, cupa, cuva. A fattmaker, cuparius.'' CATH. ANG. " Cupa, a coupe,
or a fatte, or stope." ORTUS. "Fatte, a vessel, quevue. Fatte to dye in, cvuier a
taindre." PALSG. " Cuve, an open tub, a fat, or vat." COTG. Ang.-Sax. fset, fat, vas.
Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, enumerates " thinges that ben vsed after the hous,
— platers, disshes, saussers, sallyers, trenchoure ; these thinges shall ye fynde of tree,
and of erthe. Now after, a disshe fat (esculier) where me leyeth therin the forsaid
thinges, and the spones of tree." There was a local measure of grain, called a fat,
identical with the cupa, capus, or cuva, and which contained a quarter, or 8 bushels.
The Stat. 1 Hen. V. c. 10, recites that it had been ordained that there should be only
one measure, namely 8 bushels to the quarter ; but that the purveyors of the Crown
were accustomed to take 9, and the merchants and citizens of London take of all sellers
the same quantity, as a quarter of wheat, " par un mesure use deins la dicte Citee,
appellt le faat, ove un bussell mys sur le dit faat." The word coupe does not occur in
the Promptorium, in the same sense as FATE, but is so given in the Ortus and the
Cath. Ang. "A cowpe, cupa. A cowper, cuparius." Caxton says in the Book for
Travellers, " Paule the couper maketh and formaketh the keupis (refaict les cuues.y
3 See MASTYN beestys, hereafter. Ang.-Sax. msestan, saginare.
152
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FAWCETT.! Clipsidra.
FAWCHUN, knyfe or swerde.2
Madiera, c. F. et CATH. semis-
pata, UG.
FAWKENERE (fawconer, p.) Fal-
conarius.
FAWKON', hawke. Falco.
FAWN', supra, idem quod FAYNE.
FAWNY!?' as howndys. Applaudo,
blandior.
FAWNYNGE of howndys. Plausus,
applausus.
FAVORYJJ'. Faveo.
FAVOWRE. Favor.
FAWTE, or defawte. Defectus.
FAWTY, or defawty. Defectivus.
FAWTOUR, or meyntynore. Fautor.
FEE. Feodus.
FEBYLLE, or weyke. Debilis, im-
becillus, BRIT.
FEBYLLE, or lytylle worthe. Exilis.
FEBYLNESSE, or weykenesse .De-
bilitas.
FEBYLNESSE, or lytylle of valure.
Exilitas, invalitudo.
FEBLYN', or make feble (febelyn,
p.) Debilito.
FEDDE wythe mete. Pransus,
pastus.
FEDYN' wythe mete. Cibo,pascOj
esco, CATH.
FEDYNGE, or fode. Pastum, ali-
mentum, alimonia, victus.
FEEDE chyldryn' wythe pappe
mete. Papo, c. F.
FEDYR. Penna, pluma.
FEDYRFU, or fedyrfoy, herbe.
Febri/uga.
FEDERYN', or feteryn'. Compe-
dio, CATH.
FEDERYS, or feterys of pryson'
(fettirs, P.) Compes.
1 Clepsidra is explained in the Ortua to be the same as " docillus, Anglice a perser
or a spygote." See DOTTELL, dossell, above. " Faucet, to drawe wyne, faucet, broche
a estovper le vin." PALSG. This word is derived from the French, faulcet.
2 "A fawchone, rumphea, framea, spata." CATH. ANG. This appellation of a
sword with a curved blade is taken from the French fauchon, a diminutive of faux,
from the Latin falx. The fauchon is frequently mentioned by Guiart, who wrote at
the close of the Xlllth cent, and seems to have been identical with the falso, often
named at that period, and the falcio, which is included among weapons that monks
were forbidden to bear by the Stat. Cistert. Ord. A.D. 1202. An early instance of the
use of this weapon occurs in the curious designs of temp. Edward I. discovered in the
Painted Chamber at Westminster, given in the Vetusta Monumenta. When Launfal
is assailed by the lords of Lombardy, in unequal conflict,
" Sir Launfal brayde out hys fochon,
And, as ly^t as dewe, he layde hem donne."
Launfal Miles. Cott. MS. Calig. A. n.
It must be observed, however, that the fauclion and falso seem occasionally to be
named with long-handled weapons, and that the falchion may occasionally have been a
kind of bill, with the curved or scythe-shaped blade whence the name was taken.
Chaucer uses the word as signifying a sword, and in Piers Ploughman's Vision allusion
occurs to St. Paul, keeping the gate of heaven with his " fawchon." Palsgrave gives
" Fawchyon, a wepen, marguy laston, de ivif; " and Cotgrave, " Malcus, a faulchion,
hangar, wood-knife."
PROMPTORIDM PARVULORUM.
153
FEFFYD. Feofatus (feofactus, p.)
FEFEMENT. Feofamentum.
FEFOWRE. Feofatus.
FETCHE, corne, or tare (fehche,
K.) Victa, UG. in vincio, cro-
bus, c. F.
FETCH YN, or fettyn'. Affero.
FETCHYNGE, or fettynge. Alla-
tura.
(FEYAR, or fowar, infra in GOONGE
FYRMAR.)1
FEYNARE (feynour, p.) Fictor,
simulator.
FEYNYD. Fictus.
FEYNYD thynge. Ficticium.
FEYNYD sleythe of falshede (feyn-
yng, sleithe, H. feyned sleyte, P.)
Com(m)entum, CATH. c. F.
FEYNYN'. Fingo.
FEYNYN' yn syngynge, or synge
lowe.2 Succino, CATH.
FEYNYNGE. Fictio, simulado.
FEYNT. Segnis.
FEYNT HERTYD. Vecors.
FEYNTNES of herte, or coward-
nesse (feyntyse of herte, or cow-
ardyse, K. p.) Vecordia.
(FEYNTYN, K. H. feynten, p. feote,
j. feyte, w.)3 Fatesco.
FEYNTENESSE, or feyntyse (feble-
nesse, p.) Segnicies.
FEYNTLY. Segniter.
FEYYR, or feyre. Nundine.
FEYGHTE, or fyghtynge (feyt, or
feytyng, K.) Pugna, certa-
men.
FEYGHTARE. Pugnator, certor,
certator.
FEGHTARE, or baratowre (feyter,
p.) Pugnax, c. F.
FEYGHTYN' (feytyn, K. feythtyn,
H.) Pugno, CATH. bello, di-
mico.
FEYTHE. Fides.
FEYTHE BREKE(R), or comnant
(breker.) Fidifragus, fidifraga.
FEYTHFULLE and trusty. Fidelis.
FEYTHEFULNESSE. Fidelitas.
FELLE, or fers.4 Severus, ferns,
fellitus, ferox (bilosus, felleus,
atrox, P.)
FELA, or felowe (felawe, P.) So-
cius (consors, p.)
FELA, or felow at mete. Sodalis.
FELA, or felow yn' travayle. So-
cius.
FELA, or felow yn offyce. Col-
leg a, CATH.
1 The word FEYAR, introduced here on the authority of Pynson's edition, is derived
from the verb to fie or fey, used by Tusser, and still known in the East Anglian dialect.
" JSscureur, a scowrer, cleanser, feyer." COTG. See FYIN, and FOWAR.
2 Palsgrave says, " I feyne in syngyng, le chante a basse voyx. We may nat synge
out, we are to nere my lorde, but lette us fayne this songe."
3 In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, it is recommended that the host in
marches "be not highely fayntede with iourneyeng of weyes in the hete of the day,"
but in summer should rest from " vndren' to myde ouernone." B. iii. c. 2.
4 " Felle, acer, acerbus, asper, atrox, austerus, ferox, &c. To be felle, larbarisare,
sevire. To make felle, ferare. Felly, acriter. A felines, atrocitas, rigor, &c." CATH.
ANG. "Fell or fierse, as a person is for modynesse. Fyers, fell, rigoreux,fier. Fell,
or fe\onyshe,felonneux. Felnesse, despiterie."" PALSG. Ang.-Sax. fell, cnulelis, felnys,
crudelitas.
CAM. SOC. X
154
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FELOW yn' walkynge by ]>e way
(in iourncy, p.) Comes.
FELA, or felow in scole. Censors.
Socius in periculo, collega in offi-
cio, comes in itinere, consors in
premio, sodalis in mensd, vel
in sede ; hec UG. in sagio.
FELOWYS, y-knytte to-gedyr in
wykydnesse. Complices, c. F.
complex, UG. in plico.
FELOWLY. Socialiter, sodaliter.
FELYSCHEPE (felowshepe, p.) So-
cialitas, societas, contubernium.
FEELDE. Ager, campus, rus,
arvum.
FELDEFARE, byrde (felfare, P.)
Ruriscus.
FELEABLE. Sodalis.
(FEELABYLL, P. Sensibilis.}
FELYN'. Sencio.
FELYN' wythe handys; or gropyn.
Palpo.
FELLYN', or castyn' downe (fallen,
p.) Prosterno, dejicio.
FELONE, soore.1 Antrax, c. F.
carbunculus, c. F.
FELONE, thef. Scelestus.
FELON YE. Scelus.
FEELTE, or qwylte.2 Filtrum,
CATH. 0. F.fultmm, KYLW.
FELTRYKE, herbe.3 Fistra, fel
terre, centaurea.
FEL WE of a qwele (whele, P.)
Cantus, c. F. CATH. timpanum,
CATH. circumferencia.
FEMEL, no male. Femella.
FEMELLE. Feminius.
FEMYNYNE, or woman lyke. Mu-
liebris (femininus, p.)
FENNE.* Labina, palus, CATH. UG.
1 '* Carbunculus, the felone." ORTCS. "Felon, a sore, entracq." PALSG. *' Furun-
culus, a soore called a felon ; also a soore callid a cattes hear, whiche breketh out in the
fingers with great wheales and moche peyne. Tagax, a felon, whiche happeneth on a
mann's fynger." ELYOT. Baret gives "A fellon, vncoinme, or catte's haire ; a bile or
sore that riseth in man's bodie, furunculus ; Bossette dure, ou froncle, mig clou. A
fellon, or impostumation vnder the rootes of the nailes, paronychia ; " and Cotgrave,
" Furuncule, a fellon, or whitlaw ; Panary, a felon, or whitlaw, at the end of a finger."
Gerard recommends as a remedy the Persicaria hydropiper, or arsmart, which, " bruised
and bound upon an imposthume in the ioynts of the fingers (called among the vulgar
sort a fellon or vncome,) taketh away the paine." Elyot explains the term uncome as
follows : " adventitius morbus, syckenes that cometh without our defaute, and of some
men is callyd an vncome."
2 The Catholicon explains Jlltrnm to be so called " guia ex filis, i. pilis animalium
fait ; " and the Ortus renders "fultrum, illud quod ornat lectum, sive lecti apodia-
vnentum.'1'' The term felt appears to have signified, at a very early period, a material
formed of wool, not woven, but compacted together, suitable even for a garment of
defence, so that the gambeson is sometimes termed feltrum. " Centrum velfiltrum, felt."
Gloss. jElfrici. In Norfolk a thickly matted growth of weeds spreading by their roots,
as couch-grass, is termed a felt.
3 This herb is the small centaury, which was called fel terre, and in Dutch Eerdegall,
from the excessive bitterness, and possibly the deep yellow colour of its juice, which in
some countries was used by women to dye their hair, when yellow hair was the prevalent
fashion. By modern botanists it is known as the Erythrcea centaurium. FELTRYKE
appears to be merely a corruption of the Latin name ; Cotgrave gives " Sacotin, feaver-
wort, earth gall, common centory."
4 FENNE has occasionally, as the Ang-.Sax. fenn, the abstract signification of mire.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
155
FENCE, or defence of closynge
(clothinge, P.) Defensio, muni-
ciOj defensaculum, UG. infenso.
FENCE, defence fro enmyes. Pro-
tecciOj defensio.
FENCYD, or defencyd, Defensus,
munitusj defensatus, UG._
FENSYN', supra in DEFENCYN'.
FEENDE. Diabolus, demon.
FENDOWRE, or defendowre. De-
fensor, protector.
FENESTRALLE.1 Fenestrella, fe-
nestrale.
FENKYLLE, or fenelle.2 Feni-
culum, c. F. vel feniculus, Dice.
(maratrum, p.)
Thus in the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is related that Scipio bid his
Spanish prisoners cleanse and dig ditches, " with this reprouable scorne ; ye ben worthy,
he saide, to be blottede and spottede, foulede and defoulede with fenne and with drit
of water (luto inquinan) and of blode, pat in tyme of werre ne were not, ne wolde nat
be bespreynt ne be wette with ennemyes blode." B. iii. c. 10.
1 Before the general introduction of glazed windows, their place was supplied by
framed blinds of cloth or canvas, termed fenestralls, which are mentioned in the
accounts of the executors of Queen Eleanor, A.D. 1291, as follows : "pro canabo ad
fenestrallas, ad scaccarium Regince apud Westmonasterium, iijd," Household Expenses,
presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 135. " Fenestrall, chassis
de toille, ov, de paupier (popwr.)** PALSG. Herman says that " glasen wyndowis let
in the lyght, and kepe out the winde ; paper or lyn clothe straked acrosse with losyngys
make fenestrals in stede of glasen wyndovves. I wyll have a latesse (clathrum} before
the glasse for brekynge. I have many prety wyndowes shette with leuys goynge up and
downe (canestellce quce attolli et demitti possuni] ." Not long subsequently to the time
when Herman wrote, glazed windows became so generally in use that the fenestrall
was laid aside. Harrison, who wrote his description of England about 1579, speaks
of "lattise made of wicker, or fine rifts of oke in chekerwise," formerly much used in
country houses instead of glass, as being then obsolete. He speaks of the use of horn,
selenite, and berill, for glazing windows, observing that of the last " an example is yet
to be scene in Sudleie castell ; " and states that glass had become so cheap and plen-
tiful, being imported from Burgundy, Normandy, and Flanders, as well as made in
England, of good quality, that every one who chose might have abundance. B. ii. c. 12.
Holinsh. Chron. i. 187. Leland noticed " the Hawle of Sudley Castle glased with rownd
Beralls." Itin. iv. f. 170, a; viii. f. 74, b.
2 " Fenelle, or fenkelle, feniculum, marati-um." CATH. ANG. The numerous virtues
of this herb are thus summed up in the King's Coll. MS. of the Promptorium :
" Bis duo dat maratrum , febres fugat atqiie venenum,
Et purgat stomacum, sic reddit lumen acutum.""
Macer gives a detailed account, in which the following remarkable passages occur :
" pe edderes wole etc fenel, when her yen dasnyb, and so she getip a-yene her clere
sighte; and per poroghe it is founde and preved pat fenel dop profit to mannis yene :
pe yen pat ben dusked, and dasnip, shul be anoynted wit pe ius of fenelle rotis medeled
wit hony; and pis oynement shalle put a- way alle pe dasewenesse of hem, and make
hem bry3t." The virtue of fennel, in restoring youth, was a discovery attributed
likewise by Macer to serpents ; " bis prouij> auctours and filisoferis, for serpentis whan
men (sic) olde, and willeth to wexe stronge, myghty, and yongly a-yean, pei gon and
eten ofte fenel, and bei become yongliche and myghty.'' MS. in the possession of H. VV.
Diamond, Esq. FENKYLLE is obviously a corruption of the Latin name; this herb is
still called in German Fenchel, and in Dutch Venckel. In Piers Ploughman*! Vision
mention occurs of
" A ferthing worth of fynkel-sede for fastynge daies."
156
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FERCEHEDE. Ferocitas, severitas.
FERY over a watyr. Pormeus,
CATH. UG. in neo.
FERYAGE. Feriagium, naulum,
potomium, c. F. CATH.
FERYALLE. Ferialis.
FERYARE. Pormeus, CATH.
FERYBOOT. Portemia, c. F.
FERYN', or make a-ferde.2 Terreo,
perterreo.
FERY PLACE, idem quod FERY.
FEERME, a rent. Firma.
FERME, and stabylle.
FENKYLLE, or fenelle seede. Ma-
ratrum, c. F.
FENTE of a clothe.1 Fibulatorium,
c. F.Jlmbria.
FEER, or ferdenesse. Timor,
terror, et cetera in D, drede,
dredefulle.
(FERDFULL thinge, quat so it be,
K. p. Terribilum, c. F.)
FER, or fer a-way. Alonge, procul,
eminus, longe.
FERSSE (feers, p.) idem quod
FELLE, supra.
1 In the Assembly of Ladies, a poem attributed to Chaucer, Attemperaunce is described
as arrayed in a blue gown of cloth of gold, in tabard-wise, purfled, or trimmed with
fur, and set with pearls and diamonds.
" After a sort, the coller and the vent,
Like as armine is made in purfeling,
With great pearles full fine and orient,
They were couched all after one worching."
The glossarist interprets vent as signifying "the fore-part;" but this does not suffi-
ciently explain the term. In the Xlllth cent, the fent or vent appears at the collar of
the robe, both in male and female costume, being a short slit closed by a brooch, and
which served for greater convenience in putting on a dress so fashioned as to fit closely
round the throat. This is shown by the effigies at Fontevrault, engraved by Stothard,
and especially by those of Queen Berengaria, at the abbey of 1'Espan, and of Richard I.,
recently discovered at Rouen. Archaeo). xxix. pi. xxi. In these instances it is suffi-
ciently apparent why the fent should be termed, as in the Promptorium,jilulatorium;
but at a later period being considerably prolonged, the opening of the robe in front
extending often much below the waist, a brooch was no longer sufficient to close it. At
the peridd when Chaucer wrote, the fent was trimmed with rich furs, and the fastenings
were ornaments of chased work, jewelled, of a very splendid description. They are
termed in inventories " attaches," and exhibited on the effigies of Lady Mohun, and of
Joan of Navarre, Queen of Henry IV., at Canterbury. The less richly decorated effigy
of Queen Philippa, at Westminster, presents an example of the fent, simply clossd by a
lace ; and the combination of furs and jewels in this part of costume appears in many
MSS. which have furnished Strutt with examples, among which may particularly be
mentioned Roy. MS. 1 6 G. V. See Strutt 's Dresses, pi. xciv. The propriety of applying
to the fent, thus purfled and adorned, the term fimbria, as in the Promptorium, is
evident, as likewise linibus, which is given by Ducange, on an ancient authority, as
synonymous with fibulatorium. In the Wardrobe of Sir John Fastolf, A.D. 1459, there
was "jjakket of red felwet, the ventis bounde with red lether." Archajol. xxi. 253,
" Fente of a gowne./e«,fe." PALSG.
2 The use of the verb to fear, in an active sense, is not uncommon.
" That rybaude fered me with his loke,
That confort to me coude I none take." Castell of Labour, 1506.
" A bsterrere, i. penitus terrere, Anglice^ to fayr. Terreo, i. terrorem inferre, to feere."
ORTUS. " I feare one, I make hjm afrayde. I feare awaye, skarre away, as we do
beestes or byrdes, dechasser •." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. faeran, terrere. See FESYN'.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 157
ratus, uncle dicitur in litera
attornatus, ratum et gratum,
ferme and stabylle, CATH.
FRRMERYE. Infirmaria, infir-
mitorium.
FERMYN', or take a Jrynge to
ferme. Firmo, vel ad firman
accipio.
FERMOWRE. Firmarius.
FERROWRE, smythe.1 Ferrarius,
CATH. ferrator, COMM.
FEERTYR (fertyr, K. fert', p.
fertur, j.)2 Feretrum.
FERVENTE. Fervens, fervidus.
FERUENTLY. Ferventer.
FERUOWRE. Fervor.
1 In the will of the Earl of Essex, 1361, occur bequests " a Mestre Thomas leferour,
v. marcs; a un garson pur le fero^lrt xxs.; a un garson feurer, i. marc." Royal
Wills, p. 50. Elyot renders " veterinarius medicus, a horseleche, or ferror," now
called corruptedly a farrier. In the version of Pliny, by Holland, it is related that the
Empress Poppsea " was knowne to cause her ferrers ordinarily to shoe her coach
horses, and other palfries, &c. with cleane gold." B. xxxiij. c. 11. In the order of the
Pageants of the Play of Corpus Christi, at York, 1415, are enumerated among the
various trades, " smythes, fevers." Sharpe's Coventry Mysteries, p. 137. This last
appellation is token directly from the old French, fevre, febvre, or ferre, a black-
smith.
2 Among the appliances of a sacred nature, there were feretra of two kinds ; first,
the bier for carrying the corpse to the grave, "feretrum, bsere," Gloss. ^Elfric., thus
mentioned in the laws of Henry I., " amid extrahant mortuum, deferentes in fere-
trum, et portantes eum ad ecclesiam." By the Constitutions of Will, de Bleys,
1229, and Walter de Cantilupe, 1240, Bishops of Worcester, as also of Abp.
Peckham, 1280, among the ornaments and requisites to be provided in every church, at
the charge of the parishioners, was included " feretrum competens ad sepulturam mor-
tnorurn." Wilkins, i. 623, 666 ; ii. 49. In its secondary sense feretrum signified a
portable shrine, containing the relics of saints, and carried in processions on a frame
similar to the ordinary bier ; and also stationary shrines of similar fashion, but which it
was not customary to display as gestatory ornaments, such as those of St. Cuthbert at
Durham, or St. Thomas of Hereford, in the cathedral there. It is recorded in Reg.
Roff. 120, that " Willielmus Rex Anglie magnus, in articulo mortis (1087) dedit —
feretntm, cum altari gestatorio deargentato, et pallium cum leonibus.'"1 In 1355, Eliza-
beth de Clare, daughter of Gilbert Earl of Gloucester, made the following bequest :
" Je devise a Seint Thomas de Hereford un ymage de n're dame, cTargent surorre,
d'estre tache sur son fiertre." Roy. Wills, p. 31. In the ancient documents relating
to the shrine of St. Cuthbert the term feretrum implies, as Mr. Raine states, not the
shrine itself, but the quadrangular space or oratory wherein it stood : the keeper had
the title offeretrarius. See Raine's Saint Cuthbert. Amongst numerous representations
of the feretntm may be mentioned the procession of St. Alban's shrine, in the MS. of M.
Paris, with drawings, supposed to be by his own hand, Cott. MS. Nero, D. i. ; Strutt's
Manners and Customs, i. pi. Ixiv. One occasion on which it was customary to carry
the feretra in procession, was at the parochial perambulations in Rogation week, a full
account of which will be found in Brand's Popular Antiq. vol. i. Horman, in his
chapter of sacred matters, says, " We two muste beare the feretrum (tensam gestare)
a procession in the gange dayes." The term "fertre" occurs in Langtoft's Chronicle ;
and in the Golden Legend mention is made of the "fyerte," or shrine of St. Alphey,
f. 117, b. " Fierte, fiertre, fietre : Chasse, reliquaire, Irancard." ROQUEF. The term
feretrum in the MS. Ordinar. Ecc. Rotom. signifies the pyxis, wherein the consecrated
Eucharist is deposited.
158
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FERTHYN', or ferthynge. Qua-
drans.
FESAWNT, byrde.1 Fasianus, or-
nix, CATH.
FESYN', idem quod FERYN', supra?
FEST, or teyynge (festnynge, P.)
Ligamen.
FEST, or teyynge of a schyppe, or
bootys (festnynge, P.) Scala-
mus, CATH. pronexium, c. F.
restis, c. F.
FEESTE of mete and drynke. Fes-
tum, convivium.
FEEST, or fedynge of mete and
drynke in holy chyrche.3 Aga-
pes. Nota, cle Agape in Jure,
distinctions xlij.. Si quis ; et
Raymundus, lib. 3, tit. 4.
FESTYD, or fed wythe goode mete
and drynke. Convivatus, CATH.
FESTYD, or teyyd fast to a thynge.
Fixus, conftxus.
FESTYN', or cleve to. Figo, af-
figo, configo.
FESTYN', or byynd to-gedyr. Ligo,
alligo (colligo, P.)
FESTYN' (within a thinge, P.) or
knyttyn' yn' to a thynge, or
gryffyn', or ober lyke. Insero.
FESTYN', or make feestys, and
feede men'. Convivor, CATH.
FESTYNGE to a thynge (festnyng
to, P.) Confixio,fixura.
FESTYNGE wythe mete and drynke.
Convivatus, convivatorium,
CATH.
FEESTRYD, as wowndys (as sores,
p.) Cicatricus.
FEESTRYD wownde. Cicatrix.
FEESTRYN', as wowndys, or sorys.
Sanio.
FEESTRYNGE of wowndys. Cica-
tricatio, cicatricatus.
(FESTU, infra in FYSCHELLE.)4
1 The pheasant was brought into Europe from the banks of the Phasis, in Colchis,
according to Martial, by the Argonauts ; it was highly esteemed by the Romans, and
possibly introduced by them into England. In default of positive evidence as to its
existence here in early times, it can only be stated that about the time when the Promp-
torium was compiled, it had become sufficiently abundant in East Anglia. Thus in the
Howard Household Book, amongst the costs incurred at Ipswich, in 1467, " whane Syr
John Howard and Mastyr Thomas Brewse were chosen knyghtes of the shyre," occurs
the item, " xij fesawntes, pryse xij*." Household Expenses, presented to the Roxburghe
Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 399. " Ornix est gallus vel gallina silvestris, Anglice a
fesande or a werkok." ORTUS. " A fesande,/cm'a?ms." CATH. ANG.
2 R. Brunne uses the word " fesid," which Hearne explains as meaning whipped or
beaten (p. 192.) Ang.-Sax. fesian,fiigare.
3 The love-feasts, or ayairai of the primitive Christians, were held in the churches ;
but this usage was suppressed by the Council of Constantinople, A.D. 691, and discoun-
tenanced by Gregory the Great, in his Letters to the British converts. It is probable
that the author here refers solely to the primitive custom. There is no evidence that
the practice of feasting in churches had been retained in any part of England ; but it
appears probable that the agape of the earlier times gave rise to the church-ale, of
which, and of wakes, frequently celebrated near the precinct of the church, a full account
will be found in Brand's Popular Antiq. See the Hierolexicon D. Macri, Ducange, and
Spelman, v. Agape.
4 In Piers Ploughman's Vision, line 6183, where allusion is made to Matt. vii. 3,
the mote in the eye, festuca, is termed "• festu." The Medulla likewise renders
"J"estuca, a festu, or a lytul mote." The name was applied to the straw, or stick
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
159
FET, or fatte, as flesshe and oper
lyke. Pinguis, crassus, obesus.
FETERYD. Compeditus.
FETERYN', supra (in FEDERYN'.)
FETYCE, or praty.1 Parvunculus,
elegantulus.
FETTYNGE, supra in FETCHYNGE.
FETYR (of prison, p.) supra in
FETHYR (sic, sed rectius fe-
derys) et pedica, c. F. pedux,
CATH.
FETYRLOKKE. Sera compedi-
talis (sera compedita, P.)
FETTNESSE, supra in FATTENES,
et popa, sagina.
FEWE. Paucus, pauculus.
FEWENESSE (or scassenes, K.)
Paucitas, paucedo.
FEWTE. Vestigium.
(FEWTE, or omage, H. fewtye, or
homage, p.2 Omagium.)
(FEWTE, K. Fidelitas.)
FY.S Vath, racha (vaa, p.)
FY(A)L, or fyolle (fyall, or cruet,
H. P.) Fiala, CATH.
FYDYLL, or fyyele (fyyil, K.)
Viella, fidicina, vitula, CATH. in
vitulus, et DICC. vidula, KYLW.
FYDELARE. Fidicen, CATH. vitu-
lator, UG.
FYDELIN, or fyielyn' (fetelyn, K.)
Vitulor, Dice. CATH. in vitulus.
FYFTENE. Quindecim.
FYFTY. Quinquaginta.
FYGGE, or fyge tre. Ficus.
FYGURE, or lykenesse. Figura.
FYIN, or defyin mete and drynke
(fyyn, K. H. p.)4 Digero.
used for pointing, in the early instruction of children : thus Palsgrave gives " festue to
spell with, festev." Occasionally the word is written with c or k, instead of t, but it
is apparently a corruption. " Festu, a feskue, a straw, rush, little stalk, or stick, used
for a fescue. Touche, a fescue; also, a pen, or a pin for a pair of writing tables."
COTGR.
1 Chaucer uses the word fetise, and fetisely, in this sense ; it is apparently derived
from the old French fetis, or faiteis. Palsgrave gives " featysshnesse, propernesse,
feactise;" as also the synonymous word " feate, or proper of makyng, godin, godinet,
coint, mignon; fetly, nycely, coyntement. I haue apted them together the fetlyest
(le plus gentiment} that euer you sawe. Feted, fetered, or well shapen of the lymmes,
aligns. It is as well fetered a chylde as euer you sawe. You neuer set your eye upon
a fayrer fetered woman, mieiilx alignee." Herman likewise speaks of " the feat con-
ueyans of a speche that soundeth well to the eare, argutia plausibilis sermonis. She
wereth corked slippers to make hir tal and feet."
2 " Homagium, idem est quod fidelitas, a feaute." ORTUS. William Paston writes,
in 1454, of Thomas Bourchier, Bp. of Ely, who was translated in that year to Canter-
bury, "My lord of Ely hathe do hys fewthe." Paston Lett. iii. 222. The word is
taken from the French, "feaulti, feaute; fidelite, foi, Constance." ROQUEF. It is
commonly taken for the oath of allegiance in the feudal system :
" When thise Bretons tuo were fled out of this lond,
Ine toke his feaute of alle that lond helde." R. Brunne.
3 In the Wicliffite version occur the following passages : " he that seith to his
brother, Fy (al, fugh) schal be gilty to the counsell." Matt. v. 22. "And as thei
passiden forth, thei blasfemeden him, movynge her heddis, and seiynge, Vath, thou
that distriest the temple," &c. Mark xv. 29.
4 This word, in the MSS. and in Pynson's edition, occurs among the verbs between
FYISTYN and FLAPPYN, which is perhaps an indication that it had been originally
160
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FYKIN a-bowte, infra in FYSKIN.
FYKYNGE a-bowte in ydylnes. Dis-
cursus, vagatus.
FYLBERDE, notte. Fillum, Dice.
(FiLBERDE, tree, P. Phillis.)
FYLE. Lima.
FYLIN wythe a fyle. Limo.
FYLYN', idem quod FOWLYN, su-
pra in D.
FYLL wythe mete. Sacio, sa-
turo.
FYLLE, or fylly(n)ge of mete, or
drynke. Sacietas, saturatio.
FYLLYN'. Impleo, repleo.
FYLLYNGE. Implecio, replecio.
FYLZOFYR (fillosofere, K.) Phi-
losophus.
FYLETTE.! Victa, UG. in vincio,
philacterium.
FYLME of a notte, or oj>er lyke.
Folliculus, gallicula, c. F.
FYLOWRE, of barbowrs crafte (fil-
lour of barborys crafte, K.)2
Acutecula, filarium, KYLW.
(acutella, K.)
FYLTHE. Sordes, spurcicia, lino,
CATH. turpitudoj lobes, putre-
do, pus.
written FYJIN. To fie or fey now signifies in East Anglia, as in Craven and Hallam-
shire, to clean out, as ponds or ditches ; it is thus used by Tusser, and also to express
the cleansing of grain.
" Choiced seed to be picked, and trimly well fy'd,
For seed may no longer from threshing abide."
August's Husbandry.
" Escurer, to scowre, fey, rinse, cleanse." COTG. Bp. Kennett, in his glossarial coll.
gives " to fea, fey, feigh or fow, to cleanse or empty, as to fea a pond, a privy, &c.
Dunelm. Isl. faegia, mundare, eluere; whence to feag, by metaphor, applied to whip-
ping or correcting, as, He feag'd him off." Lansd. MS. 1033. In the Wicliffite
version, Deut. xxiii. 13 is thus rendered, " )>ou schalt bere a litil stake in )>e girdil, and
whanne J>ou hast sete, J>ou schalt digge bi cnmpas, and J>ou schalt hile wij? er]>e J>ingis
defied out, where >ou art releuyd;" in the Vulgate, " egesta humo aperies." See
DEFYYN', and FEYAR.
1 Johanna domina de Roos bequeaths, in 1394, " unam longam feletam de rosis de
per1, <fcc." Testam. Ebor. i. 203. "Nimbus, fasciola transversa ex auro insuta in
lintheo, quod est in fronte feminarum, a felet." OETUS. " Fyllet for a mayden's heed,
fronteau" PALSG. " Fronteau, a fillet, frontlet, forehead cloth." COTG. In a letter
written about 1465 to Sir John Paston occurs the request of a lady, who " wuld fayne
have a new felet." Paston Lett. iv. 176.
2 FYLOWRE, or barbowrs crafte. MS. "A filoure, affilatorium; to filoure, affilare."
CATH. ANG. The term affilutorium occiu-s with the signification of a hone, in the Usus
Ant. Ord. Cisterc. c. 85. The implement so called seems to have been identical with
that now called a steel, in French fusil, which is rendered by Cotgrave "the steele,
wherewith a butcher whets his knives." A resemblance in form to the spindle or
spoole used in spinning was probably the origin of the appellations FYLOWRE, filarium,
and fusil. In the Boke of Curtasye a " fylour " appears to signify a rod, as that upon
which a curtain may be hung, moveably, by means of rings. The word occurs in the
directions for the grooms of the chambers, regarding making the pallets, and two beds
of greater state, for lords,
" That henget shalle be with hole sylour,
With crochettes and loupys sett on lyour,
Tho valance on fylour shalle henge with wyn,
iij curteyns street drawen withinne." Sloane MS. 1 986.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
1G1
FYLTHE of mannys nose, snotte.
Polipus.
FYLTHE of mannys fete. Petor.
FYMTERRE, herbe. Fumus terre.
FYNCHE, byrde. Furfurio, c. F.
FYYNDARE of thynge loste. In-
ventor, inventrix.
FYNDE thingys loste. Invenio,
reperio, comperio.
FYNDE COSTE. Exhibeo.
FYNDIN, helpyn', and snsteinyn'
hem fat be nedy (fynde theym
that ar nedy, p.) Sustento.
FYYNDYNGE of thynge loste. In-
vencio, repericio.
FYYNDYNGE, or helpynge in bo-
dy ly goody s at nede.1 Exhi-
bicio, subvencio.
FYNE, or ryght goode (fyyn, p.)
Egregius, excellens.
FYNE WYNE.2 Falernum, CATH.
FYNE, of bondage. Finum.
FYNNE of a fysche. Pinna.
FYNGYR. Digitus.
FYNGYRLYNGE of a glove. Di-
gitabulum, OATH.
FYR, tree. Abies.
FYYR. Ignis, rogus, focus, pir.
FYYR FORKE. Ticionarum, CATH.
pala, arpagio ; hec in historid
scolasticd de vasis templi.
FYYR HERTHE. Focarium, CATH.
ignearium, c. F.
FYYRE YRYN', to smyte wythe
fyre. Fugillus, CATH. pirici-
dium, Dice. KYLW.
FYYR STOK, infra in HERTHE
STOKE.
FYYR STONE, for to smyte wythe
fyre. Focaris, UG. in laos, vel
focare, CATH. ignarium, c. F.
FIRBOME, supra in BEKENE.S
1 The Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VII. comprise an entry in 1493, "to Dr.
May for th' exebucon of Thos. Phepo," who appears to have been King's scholar at
Oxford; and the allowance is subsequently termed "the finding, 2 li." Exc. Hist.
The term exhibition, or allowance of money, taken from the Latin, which in medieval
times had the same signification, is used in this sense by Shakespeare and B. Jonson, as
likewise still retained at the Universities.
2 The Medulla renders " Falernum, wyn alj>urbest." MS. in the Editor's possession.
3 The practice of maintaining beacons, to give warning of approaching invasion, is one
that may be traced in Britain to the most remote times. The term itself is Anglo-
Saxon, beacen, siynum, beacne torr, specula. The right of erecting beacons was one
of the exclusive privileges of the Crown ; and a tax for their maintenance, termed le-
conagium, was levied upon every hundred. At an early time, as Coke observes, the
beacon was merely a stack of combustibles prepared on an elevated spot, or a rock ;
Ang.-Sax. beacenstan, pharus ; subsequently to the time of Edward III. as he states,
" pitch-boxes, as now they be, were, instead of those stacks, set up; " that is, a kind
of large cresset, raised on an upright pole or beam; hence the appellation FIRBOME,
Ang.-Sax. beom, trals. Blount cites the " Qrdinatio pro vigiliis observandis a Lynne
usque Yarmouth, t. Edu\ II. Quod levari et reparari faciatis signa et firebares super
monies altiores in quolibet hundredo, ita quod tota patria, per ilia signa, quotiescumque
necesse fuerit, premuniri potest ; " which is rendered by Stowe, " He ordained biken-
ings or beacons to be set up." A.D. 1326. The care with which these signals were at
all periods provided, appears by numerous evidences in the public records. In 1415
Henry V. on his departure for France, provides for the safety of the realm, and directs
the provision of " signa vocata bekyns in locis consuetis.'1'' Rymer, ix. 255. Hall
relates that when Richard III., with false confidence, disbanded his forces, he issued
CAMD. SOC. Y
102
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FYRIN, or sette on a fjre, or brin-
nyn. Ignio, CATH. comburo.
FYRMAMENT, or walkyn'. Fir-
mamentum.
FYRRYS, or qwyce tre, or gorstys
tre.1 Ruscus.
FYRSTE of alle. Primus.
FYRSTE, or be-forne. Primo.
FYRSTE BE-GOTON'. Primoyenitus.
FYRSTE BE-GETYNGE. Primoge-
nitura.
FYYRE, sharpe brusche (firre,
whynne, K. fyir or qwynne, P.
why nne, J.)2 Saliunca.
FYSCARE a-bowte ydylly. Dis-
cursor, discursatrix, vagulus
vel vagator, vagatrix.
FISKIN a-bowte yn ydilnesse.3
Vagor, giro, girovago.
FYSCHE. Piscis.
FYSCHARE. Piscator, favissor,
CATH. et nota ibi bonam causam.
FYSCHARYS BOOTE. Phaselus,
COMM. oria, c. F.
strict commands that on the coast, and the frontiers of "Wales, strong ward should be
kept according to usage; "for the custome of the countreyes adjoyning nere to ye
see is (especially in the tyme of war) on euery hill or high place to erect a bekon with
a greate lanterne in the toppe, whyche maie be sene and discerned a great space of.
And when the noyes is once bruted that the enemies approcho nere ye land, they so-
deinly put fyer in the lanthornes, and make showtes and outrages from toune to toune,
and from village to village." 3 Rich. III. This kind of signal, of which representations
will be found in Archseol. I. pi. i. xv. pi. xii. was likewise termed a standard : " A
bekyn or a standarde, statela." CATH. ANG. It was taken by Hen. V. as a badge, and
appears among the sculptures of his chantry at Westminster. " Beakyn, feu au guet,"
PALSO. The elevation whereon it was placed was sometimes termed a tote- hill ; see that
word hereafter.
1 Ruscus is properly the plant with sharply-pointed leaves, called butcher's-broom,
but that which is here intended appears to be the Ulex JEuropceus, Linn, called com-
monly furze or gorse. In the Wicliffite version, Isai. Iv. 13 is thus rendered : "A
fir tre schal stie for a gorst (e>er firse) and a myrte tre schal wexe for a nettil." Claud.
E. ii. In 15 Hen. VI. 1436, licence was given to Humfrey Duke of Gloucester to
inclose 200 acres of land, " pasture, wode, hethe, virses, and gorste (Iruere et jamp-
norum)," and to form thereof a park at Greenwich. Rot. Parl. iv. 498. "Ruscus,
Anglice firsun." Harl. MS. 1002. " Fyrsbusshe, ionmarin." PALSG. Ang.-Sax.
fyrs, genista, rhamnus.
2 Saliunca has occurred already, as the name of an herb called CALTRAP. Cotgrave
renders " chaussetrape, the starre thistle, called also the calthrop ; " but although the
name may have occasionally been so assigned, from its being hurtful to the foot, yet ac-
cording to Parkinson the herb called land caltrops, tribulus terrestris, was not of the
thistle species. The saliunca again is, according to the same author, a kind of spike-
nard, whereas in the Medulla it is stated, " Saliunca dicitur vulgariter in Gallico carr-
kerepe, (? carchiofe, an artichoke,) a qwynne." Harl. MS. 2257. In the Ortus it is
rendered " a wynne or grost."
3 This word does not appear, by the East-Anglican glossaries, to be still in use ; it
occurs, however, in Tusser's lessons for waiting servants.
" Such serviture, also, deserveth a check,
That runneth out fisking with meat in his beck."
" I fyske, ie fretille. I praye you se howe she fysketh aboute." PALSG. " Trotiere, a
raumpe, fisgig, fisking huswife, raunging damsell." COTG. Compare FY KIN" a-bowte, and
see Jamieson's remarks on that word. It occurs in R. Coer de Lion, 4749.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
1G3
FYSCH SELLARE. Piscarius, pis-
caria, UG. in pasco.
FYSCHELLE of fyschew, or festu.1
Festuca.
FYSCHYN'. Piscor, CATH.
FYSCHYNGE. Piscacio, piscatus.
FYSCH LEEP.2 Nassa, c. F.
FISSHE PONDE. Vivarium, CATH.
FYSYCIAN', or leche. Medicus,
fisiCMS,
FYSNOMYE. Phisonomia.
FYSTE of an hande. Pugnus,
CATH. (pugillus, P.)
FYYST, stynk, Lirida.
FYISTYN' (fyen, w.) Cacco, c. F.
lirido.
FYYSTYNGE. Liridacio.
FYT, or mete. Equus, congruus,
UG. in grus.
FYTON', or lesynge (fycon', K.
fyttyn, s. fytyn, p.)3 Mendacium,
mendaciolum, CATH.
Quinque.
FYVE HUNDRYD. Quingenti.
FYVERE (sekenesse, p.) Febris.
FYVERE, agu. Querquera, CATH.
et UG. in quero.
FYTHIL, supra in FEDYLLE.
FLAGGE of J>e erthe, vide in T. in
TURFE.5 Terricidium (cespes,
CATH. et c. F. s. gleba, P.)
FLAYNE, or flawyn'. Excoriatus.
FLAKE (or hame, K.) Floctus,
UG. inflo (squama, p.)
FLAKETTE, botelle.6 Fiasco, flasca.
FLANKE, or leske. Ylium, KYLW.
tnguen, CATH.
FLAPPE, or stroke. Ictus (fla-
gellum, K.)
FLAPPE, or buffett (flap bofet, p.)
Alapa.
FLAPPE, instrument to smyte
wythe flyys. Flabellum, Dice.
muscarium. c. F.
1 According to the Medulla the term FYSCHELLE is synonymous with FYSCH LEEP;
" Nassa, quoddam instrumetitnm ex mminibus et cirpis, tanyuam rkete, contextum, ad
capiendos pisces, a pyche or a fysshelle." So also it is related in the Golden Legend,
" Than they put hym in to a lytell fysshell or basket, wejl pytched, and set it in ye see,
and abandouned hym to dryue wyder it wolde." f. 99, b. " Fiscelle, petit panier de
jonc,fiscella." ROQUEP. Fyschew signifies a reed, or supple rod, as osiers, &c.
2 See hereafter LEEP for fysche kepynge. Ang.-Sax. leap, corbis.
3 " Fytten, mensonge." PALSG. In Wiltshire fitten signifies a pretence.
4 FEVE, MS.
* In Norfolk, according to Kennett, Ray, and Forby, the upper turf pared off to serve
as fuel, is termed flaks or flags. The repetition of this word below, FLAGGE, drye wythe
)>e gresse, is apparently a corrupt reading. In the North such sods of turf are called also
flags, or flaws, or flaughter. See Jamieson and Brockett. "A flaghte, uli a turfe
A flaghte (or flyghte) of snawe, floccus." CATH. ANG. Dan. flager, Teut. vlaeghen,
deglubere ; Isl. flaga, exsciudere glebain,
6 This word, as also Ang.-Sax. flaxe, the French flac, or flaclie, &c. appear to be
directly taken from the low-Latin flacta, adopted probably from the Greek. In William
and the Werwolf a certain clerk is mentioned who came to Rome " wib tvo flaketes of
ful fine wynes," written also " flagetes," p. 68. " Flacta, a flakette. Oliba, genus
calicis, a bottell, a flaket." ORTUS. " A costrelle, oneferum, <L-c. ubi a flakett. A
flaket, flacta, obba, liter, &c. ubi a potte." CATH. ANG. "A flaget, flacort." PALSG.
The term does not appear to be retained in Norfolk, as in the North. " A flacket,
flasket, or flask ; bottle made in fashion of a barrel. Bor. Flaskin, a wooden bottle, or
little barrel which labourers use for beer. Yorkshire.11 Kcnnett's gloss, coll. Lansd. MS.
1033.
164 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FLAPPYN' wythe a flappe. Flabello.
FLASSHE, watyr.1 Lacuna, CATH.
FLATT. Bassus, vel planus.
FLAGGE, drye wythe J?e gresse.2
Globa, UG. in globus.
FLATERARE, supra, idem quod
FEYNARE.
FLATERYD. Adulatus.
FLATERYN'. Adulor.
FLATERYNGE. Adulacio.
FLATNESSE. Planides.
FLAWE, supra in FLAKE.
FLAWYN', supra in FLAYN'.
FLAWME, or lowe. F lamina.
FLAWNE, mete.3 Flamicia, Dice.
flato, Dice. COMM. opacus, ar-
tocasius (apacus, s.)
FLAX. Linum.
FLATHE, or flathe, fysche (flay, or
flacch, fysch, s.)4 (R)agadies.
1 The term flash, signifying a shallow pool, does not appear to be now retained in
Norfolk ; but it occurs in names of places, as Flash-pit, near Aylsham. In low-Latin
flachia, flasca, and ftaco, in old French flache or flesque, have the like signification. A
supply of water from the locks on the Thames, to assist the barges, is termed a flash,
and in Sussex loose water-soaked ground is called flashy. Plot speaks of the " flashy
over-watery taste " of some white fruits. Hist. Oxf. 156. See PLASCHE, or flasche where
reyne watyr stondythe, and PYT, or flasche.
2 This word, placed here out of its proper alphabetical order, whereas FLAGGE of >e
erthe has occurred already, has been retained as found in the MS., on account of the
uncertainty whether it is an interpolation, or a vitiated reading. Possibly the correct
reading may be flawe, a term synonymous with flagge, a sod of turf. Blount, in his
Law Diet. v. Turbary, cites a charter in which " turlaria Iruaria — a flaw-turf, or heath-
turf," is mentioned. In the North the words flaw and flaughter are still commonly used
in this sense. See Jamieson and Brockett.
3 " A flawne, opacum." CATH. ANG. " Flaton, a flawne. Artocira, a flawne, i.
cilus factus ex pasta et caseo. Laganiwi est latus panis et tennis oleo linitiis, quasi
oleo frixus, a, pancake, a flawne." ORTUS. "Flaune meate, flanet, flan, fiaon. I loue
well a flawne, but and it be well sugred I loue it the better." PALSG. Caxton says in
the Boke for Travellers, " Of mylke and of egges men make flawnes (flaus), of mylke
soden with the flour men make printed cakes (rastons)'"' Recipes for making flawnes
will be found in the Forme of Cury; "Flawnes for Lentyn," Harl. MS. 5401, f. 193,
202; and " flathons," under the head of " Vyaunde furnez,"" Harl. MS. 279, f. 42, b.
The following directions "for flaunes " are found in the poem entitled " the sh^tes of
cure."
" Take new chese, and grynde hyt fayre
In morter wyth egges, wyth out dyswayre ;
Put powder )>erto of suger I say,
Coloure hyt wyth safrone ful wele bou may;
Put hyt in cofyns J>at bene fayre,
And bake hyt forthe y the pray." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 87.
^n the North the word is still in use, as Bp. Kennett noticed in his glossarial collections,
Lansd. MS. 1033. " Flaun or fiawn, a custard. Bor. As flat as a flawn. proverb. Sax.
flyna, flaena, artologamini^
4 This must not be confounded with the general appellation of flat fish ; the ray or
scate was formerly called FLATHE, or, according to Willughby and Ray, flaire, still
retained in the name of the sting-ray, called in some places the fire-flaire. In North
Britain it is known as the fire-flaw, according to Jamieson. Harrison, in his description
of England, uses the name flath, evidently as denoting the ray or scate. In the account
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
165
FLEE. Pulex.
FLEAR of beest. Excoriator.
FLEARE, or rennare a-wey. Fu-
gitives, fugitiva.
FLED, or mevyd. Amotus.
FLEGGE, infra in S. idem quod
SEDGE.
FLECCHERE (fletcher, H. p.) Pe-
tularius, jiectarius.
FLEYKE, or hyrdylle (flcke, s. hir-
dell, p.)1 Plecta, flecta, cratis,
c. F.
FLEYL. Flagellum, COMM. UG.
r. in T. (tribulum, CATH. p.)
FLEYL CAPPE. Cappa, Dice, me-
ditentum, COMM. UG. v. in T.
FLEYL STAFFE, or honde staffe
(handyll, H. p.) Manutentum,
CATH.
FLEYLE swYNGYL.2 Virga, Dice.
CATH. tribulum, CATH. COMM.
FLEYNGE a-way. Fuga.
FLEYNGE of beestys. Excoriacio.
FLEKERYN', as ionge byrdis. Vo-
lito, nideo.
FLEKERYN', or waveryn' yn vn-
stabylle herte (flyker, p.) Nuto,
CATH.
FLEKERYNGE of byrdys. Volitacio.
FLEKERYNGE, or wauerynge yn
an vnstable liert. Nutatus, va-
cillacio.
of fish usually taken upon our coasts, he observes that " the flat are divided into the
smooth, the scaled, and the tailed. — Of the third (are) our chaits, maidens, and kingsons,
flath, and thornbacke ; " and the larger species, as he states, were dried, and formed a
kind of export into other countries. B. iii. c. 8, Holinsh. i. 224. The correct reading
of the word above is probably FLA>E, or flaye, fysche.
1 ''Crates est instrumentwn ex virgis, a fleke." MED. " A fleke, cratis, craticula."
CATH. ANG. This word is used by R. Brunne, as also the verb to fleke, or cover with
hurdles, which occurs in his account of the construction of a temporary bridge.
" Botes he toke and barges, pe sides togidere knytte, —
pel fleked bam ouerthuert, justely for to ligge." p. 241.
" Botes and barges ilkon, with flekes mak pam tighte." p. 321.
Hardyng relates the singular escape of Sir James Douglas, who had been hemmed in by
Edward III. in Stanhope Park, and by means of hurdles, which, to prevent pursuit, his
men drew after them as they went, passed over a quaking and miry moss.
" But James Douglas their flekes fell dyd make,
Which oner the mosse, echeone at others ende,
He layde anon, with fagottes fell ouer the lake." Chron. c. 178.
In a satirical poem, put forth in 1550 against the liberty of religious discussion, the
services and preachers of the Reformed Church, entitled " An old Song of John Nobody,"
printed in the Appendix to Strype's Mem. of Cranmer, it is said of those who with
ignorant assurance set themselves up as expounders of the Gospel,
" More meet it were for them to mylk kye at a fleyke." p. 138.
Horman says, " Ley this meate in trayes and flekis, conchas sive aludos," (? alucos) where
the term may signify a shallow wicker basket, in some parts termed a flasket. " Alucus,
vas factum ad modiim alvei, a troughe." ORTUS. In the North hurdles are still called
flaiks ; see Jamieson.
2 Swyngyl fleyle, MS. " A flay\e,flagdlum, tribulus, tribulum. Versus. Tres tribulo
paries, manutentum, cap-pa, flagMum. Manukiittim, a hand staffe, cap
a swewelle. A swevyllc, tribulum." CATH. ANG. See hereafter SWENGYL.
166
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FLEMMYNGE. FlandricuSj Flan-
drica (Flamingus, P.)
FLEEN, or flee bestys. Excorio.
FLEEN enmyes, or grevowsnesse.
Fugio, CATH. affugio, confugio.
FLEESE of wulle. Vellus.
FLESCHE. Caro.
FLESCHE PLYE. Musco, CATH.
FLESCHE HOOKE. Creagra, fus-
cina, CATH. tridens, CATH. fus-
cinula.
FLESCHY, or made alle wytlie
flesche. Carneus.
FLESCHY, or sum dele made wythe
flesche. Carneatus.
FLESCHLY. Carnaliter.
FLESHLY, or fulle of flesshe.
Carnosus, camulentus, CATH.
FLESCHLYNESSE. Carnalitas.
FLET, as mylke or o]>er lyke (ofer
licour, K. flett of mylke, H. p.)1
Despumatus.
FLEET, be watyr of ]>e see comythe
and goythe (flete, there water
cometh and goth, H. H.)2 Fleta,
fossa, estuarium, c. F.
FLETE of schyppys yn ]>e see.
Classis, c. F.
FLETYN' a-bovin (fletyn, or hovyn,
H. houen, p.)3 Supernato.
1 To fleet, or skim the cream, is a verb still commonly used in East Anglia, and the
utensil which serves for the purpose is termed a fleeting-dish. " I flete mylke,
take away the creame that lyeth above it whan it hath rested." PALSG. " Esburrer,
to fleet the creame potte ; laid esburre, fleeted milke ; maigne, fleeted milke, or
whaye." Hollyband's Treasurie. " Escreme, fleeted, as milke, uncreamed." COTG.
Ang.-Sax. flet, flos lactis. A celebrated Suffolk cheese, made of skimmed milk, is
called flet- cheese. Tusser, in his lesson for the dairy maid Cisley, on bad qualities of
cheese, says,
" Gehazi his sickness was whitish and dry,
Such cheeses, good Cisley, ye floted too nigh."
3 The term fleet, signifying a channel, an arm of the sea, or water-course, occurs not
infrequently in several parts of England, as Northfleet and Southfleet on the Thames,
the Fleet-ditch, London, Holt-Fleet on the Severn, near Worcester, Fladbury, anciently
Fleotbury, and Twining Fleet, on the Avon. On the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk
the name is common, and properly, according to Forby, though not invariably, implies
a channel filled by the tide, and left at low water very shallow and narrow. At Lynn,
where the Promptorium was compiled, there are several channels so called, as White
Friars' Fleet, and Purfleet. The grant of the possessions of the Gild of the Holy
Trinity, Lynn, by Edward VI. A.D. 1548, alludes to rents laid out in " repairing of
banks, walls, fletes, and water-courses in Lenn." Blomf. IV. 598. " Flete where
water cometh, bredieS"1 PALSG. Ang.-Sax. fleet, sinus. In the North, as Bishop Kennett
notices in his glossarial collections, fleet signifies water, as in the ancient song over
a corpse.
" This ean night, this can night,
Every night and awle,
Fire and fleet, and candle light,
And Christ receive thy sawl." Lansd. MS. 1033.
3 " To flete above ye water ; his cappe fleteth aboue the water yonder a farre hence."
PALSG. "ITavigtr, to saile, to fleete." Hollyband's Treasurie. Harrison, in his description
of England, speaking of Lyme Regis, Dorset, says, " the Lime water, which the towns-
men call the Buddie, commeth . . . from the hils, fleting upon rockie soil, and so fallcth
into the sea." Holinsh. Chron. i. 58. Ang.-Sax. fleotan, fluctuare. See HOVYN, which
has a like signification.
mOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
167
FLETYN', or skomyn' ale, or
pottys, or o}>er lycoure that ho-
vythe. JDespumo, exspumo, CATH.
FLETE mylke only. Dequacco,
exquacco.
FLETYNGE of lycowre. Spumacio,
despumacio, CATH.
FLEW, or scholde, as vessell, or
ober lyke (scold, s. flwe, or
sholde of vessels, p.)1 Bassus.
FLEW,complexy6n'(flewme of com-
pleccyon, K. flwe, P.) Flegma,
CATH. et c. F. in ventriculus.
FLEWEMATYKE. Flegmaticus, UG.
FLEWME, idem quod FLEW, supra,
et sperma.
FLYARE. Volator.
FLYE. Musca.
FLY FLAPPE, supra, idem quod
FLAPPE. Muscarium, CATH.
c. F. et UG.
FLYGGE, as bryddys.2 Maturus,
volatilis.
FLYGNESSE. Maturitas.
FLYYN', as birdys. Volo.
FLYYN' A-WEY. Avolo, evolo.
(FLIKERYNGE, supra in FLEKER-
YNGE, K.)
FLYKKE of bacon'. Perna, pe-
taso, baco.
FLYNT, stone. Silex.
FLYGHTE, fleynge a-way. Fuga,
e/ugium, c. F.
FLYGHTE of byrdys. Avolatus,
evolatus.
(FLYTERE, supra in CUKSTOKE.)
FLYTIN, or chydin.3 Contendo,
CATH.
FLYTTIN, or remevyn (away, P.)
Amoveo, transfero.
FLYX, or flux, sekenesse. Fluxus,
dissenteries.
FLODE. Flwnen, fluvius, dilu-
vium, fluctus.
FLODEGATE of a mylle. Sino-
glocitorium, Dice.
FLOKE of bestys. Grex.
FLOKE, or heerde of bestys, what
so they be. Polia, CATH.
FLOKKYN', or gadyr to-gedyr.
Aggrego, congrego.
FLOKKYS of wulle or oper lyke.
Floccus, CATH. (fultrum, p.)
FLORE (or grownde, infra.} Area.
FLORSCHARE (florissher, p.) Flo-
rator.
FLORSCHYI?' (florisshen, p.) Flo-
reo, CATH. floresco.
FLORYSCHYN' bokys. Floro, KYLW.
FLORSCHYNGE. Floratus.
1 According to Forby, flue, as well as fleet, has in Norfolk the signification of shallow,
as a dish, or a pond. In the North, a flaw peat or flow signifies a watery moss; Isl. flaa,
palus. See SCHOLD, or schalowe.
2 Margaret Paston in a letter to her husband in 1460, describing the vain hopes excited
amongst the partizans of Henry VI. says, " Now he and alle his olde felaweship put owt
their fynnes, and arn ryght flygge and mery, hoping alle thyng is and schalbe as they
wole haue it." Paston Letters, iv. 412. " Flyggenesse of byrdes, plumevsete." PALSG.
In Norfolk birds ready to fly are still said to be fligged, and in some parts of England are
called fliggurs. Ang.-Sax. fliogan, volare, flyge,/«ya.
3 "To flytte, altercari, certare, litigare, abjurgare, catazizare." CATH. ANG. " Litigo,
Anglice to stryff or flyte." ORTUS. Ang.-Sax. flitan, certare.
" In peese thou ete, and ever eschewe
To flyte at borde, that may the rewe."
Boke of Curtasye, Sloane MS. 1986.
1G8
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FLOTYSE, or flotyco of a pott or
other lyke. Spuma, CATH. c. F.
FLOT GRESE.1 Ulva, c. F.
FLOWYN', as the see. Fluo, CATH.
(venilio, CATH. s.)
FLOWYNGE of J?e watnr (see, P.)
Fluxus, venilia, CATH. KYLW.
FLOWRE of tre, or herbe. Flos.
FLOWRE of mele. Farina, simila,
UG. in similis, pollen, CATH. c. F.
FLOWRYN', idem quod FLORSCHYN,
supra, etfloro, CATH.
FLOWTE, pype. Cambucus, KYLW.
ydraula, calamaula. Versus.
Pastor sub cauld bene cantat
cum calamaula. The scheperd
vndyr be folde syngythe well
wythe hys gwgawe J?e pype.
(Flatorium, K. P.)
FLOWTYN', or pypyn1. Calamiso,
flo.
FLWE, nette (flw, K. flewe, P.
flowe, w.)2 Tragum, c. F. CATH.
FODE. Alimentum, alimonia, victus.
FODYNGE, or norschynge (fodin-
ynge, P.) Fomentum.
FODDUR, bestys mete, or forage
(foodyr, p.) Farrago, CATH.
c. F. et UG. infrugo, pabulum.
FOOYNE, furrure. Loero, NECC.
et Dice, bacre, NECC. et Dice.3
FOOLE. Stultus, fatuus, babur-
rus, babiger, c. F.
FOO(L)DE of shepe. Ovile, caula.
FOLDE clothys, or other lyke.
Plico, CATH.
FOLDYN' a-bowtin (abowtyn, K.
abowte, P.) Circumplecto.
FOLDYN' in armys. Amplector.
FOOLDYN', or put beestys in a
folde. Caulo, incaulo, inovilo.
FOLDYN' VP. Complico.
FOLDYNGE of clo]>ys, and ober
lyke. Plicacio, plicatura.
FOLDYNGE (of shepe, p.) or put-
tynge in felde (sic.) Incaulacio.
FOLE, yonge horse. Pullus.
FOLETT (idem quod FOLTE, infra,
1 Gerard describes the Gramen fluviatile, flote-grasse, or floter-grasse, which grows in
waters; and Skinner supposes the name to be derived, " q. d. flood grass." It appears
to have been also called wreke, or reke. See WREK of a dyke, or a fenne, or stondyng
watyr, ulva.
2 The Catholicon explains tragum to be " genus retis piscatorii, quod aliter verriculum
a verrendo dicitiir ; " according to the Ortus, " tragum^ a draught riette." In 1391
Robert de Ryllyngton, of Scarborough, bequeathed to his servant " j flew, cum warrap et
flot," directing his two boats to be sold, and the price bestowed for the welfare of his soul.
Testam. Ebor. i. 157. " Plewe, a nette, retz a pecker." PALSO. See TRAMAYLE, grete
nette for fyschynge. Tragum.
3 The FOOYNE appears to have been the same as the polecat or fitchet, or according
to Ray the martin was sometimes so called. " Fowyng, beest, foyne. Foyns, a furre,
foi/nnes." PALSG. " Fouinne, foyenne, a foyne or polecat." COTG. Loero is the name
of a small animal, called in old French lairon or lerot, the fur of which was highly
esteemed. John de Garlandia says in his Dictionary, t4 Pellipctrii — carius vendunt
urlas de sabeUino et laierone,"" rendered in the gloss " laierone, Gallice lairons." In
the Inventory of the wardrobe and jewels of Henry V. taken in 1423, at his decease,
are mentioned " gounes de noier damask furrez de sides de foynes et marterons," and
the value of this kind of fur is ascertained by the following entry : iij panes de foynes,
chnscun conf c. lestes, pris le pec"1 x d. xij li. x s. ; " the marteron being more costly, " pris
le leste xij d." Rot. Parl. iv. 236.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
169
et FOPPE.) Fatuellus, stolidus,
follus, UG. in foveo (bardus, P.)
FOOLE HARDY, or to be bolde (foole
herdy, or to bolde, s.) Teme-
rarius, CATH. et UG. in audax.
FOLE HARDYNESSE. Temeritas,
CATH.
FOLY. Fatuitas, stoliditas, stul-
ticia.
FOLKE. Gens, plebs, populus.
FOLTE, idem quod FOLET, supra
(et FOPPE, infra.)1
FOLTYN', ordoonas a foole (folyn,
K. fooltyn, H.) Stultiso, CATH.
infatuor.
FOLTRYE. Fatuitas, stoliditas,
follicia, UG. in foveo, insipien-
cia, baburra, c. F.
FOLWARE, or he tbat folwythe
(folower in steppys of anothir,
K.) Sequax, secutor.
FOLWARE, or serwante folowynge
hys mastyr, or souereyne. Pe-
dissequus, vel pedissequa, as-
secla, c. F.
FOLWARE, yn' manerys, or condy-
cyons. Imitator, CATH.
FOLWYN'. Sequor.
FOLWYN', in felaschyppe. Co-
mitor.
FOLWYN', in maners and condy-
cions. Imitor, sector.
FOLWYN', or suyn' yn' purpose.
Prosequor.
FOLWYNGE of steppys. Sequela.
FOLWYNGE of manerys, or con-
dycyons. Imitacio.
FOOME of lycoure. Spuma, CATH.
FOMAN, or enmy (foo, p.) Inimicus,
inimica, emulus, hostis.
FOMEREL of an halle.2 Fuma-
rium.
FOMYN'. Spumo.
FONDYN', or a-sayyn'.3 Attempto.
1 " A folte, bias, babvrrns, blatus, bardus, nugator^ garro, ineptus, morio." CATH.
ANG. Roquefort gives " folete, foleton, &c. extravagant, fou, sot, etourdi; volaticiis."
TOTTE occurs hereafter as synonymous with FOLTE. See also AMSOTTE, and SOTTE.
2 In the Medulla fumarium is rendered " a chymene or fymrel." The term is de-
rived from the Latin, " Fumerale, Anglice, a fumerell. Fumeralis, idem est." ORTUS.
"A chymney, caminus, epicasterium, fumerium, fumerale." CATH. ANTG. The term
chimney seems, however, not to have been originally synonymous with fomerel, but to
have signified an open fire-place, or chafer, such as the " ehymneye with charecole " in the
pavilion prepared for the conflict of Syr Galleroune with Gawayne. See the Awntyrs
of Arthure. Thus also' in the will of Cecilia de Homeldon, 1407, is the bequest, " lego
unum magnum caminum de ferro Abbathice de Durham." Wills and Invent. Surtees
Soc. i. 45. In Gawayn and the Grene Kny^t, however, composed about the same
period, " chalk whyt chymnees " are described as appearing upon the roof of the
castle. The FOMEREL was a kind of lantern, or turret open at the sides, which rose
out of the roof of the hall, and permitted the escape of the smoke ; it had sometimes
the appellation of the lover, a word which occurs hereafter ; thus Withal, in his Dic-
tionary, mentions the " lovir or fomerill, where the smoake passeth out." Among the
disbursements of Thomas Lucas, Solicitor-General to Henry VII., for the erection of
Little Saxham Hall, in 1507, occurs a payment "to the plommer for casting and
working my fummerel of lede ;" and it appears to have been glazed like a lantern, for
there is a payment to the glazier " for 50 fete glas in my fummerelle." Rokewode's Hist,
of Suff. pp. 149, 150. In the Book of Wolsey's Expenses at Christ Church, Oxford,
is an entry relating to the " femerell of the new kitchen." Gutch, Coll. Cur. i. 204.
3 The Medulla gives "Conor, to streyne or fonde," rendered in the Ortus, "to
CAM]). SOC. z
170
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FONDYNGE, or a-saynge. Attemp-
tacio.
FONEL, or tonowre.1 Fusorium,
infusorium, c. F.
FOPPE, supra, idem quod FOLET.
FORBEDYN' (or forfendyn'. Pro-
hibeo, inhibeo, veto, interdico.
FORBEDYNGE (OF forbode, OF fore-
fendynge, infra.) Prohibicio,
infnbicio.
FoR-BYaplace, or ojjer byngys.JPer.
FOORBYSCHOWRE. Eruginator,
DICC.
FORBYSCHYD. FurbitUS, BRIT.
in luna, ut patet ejus versus.
FORBYSCHYN'. Erugino, CATH.
FORBODE, idem quod FORBYD-
DYNGE, supra.
FORCELET, stronge place (forslet,
H. P.) Fortalicium, munici-
pium.
FOORCERE (forcer, K. p.2) Cis-
tella, teca, ditella, scrinium,
Dice, forcerium, COMM.
FOORCYD, as mennys beerdys (or
pollyd, infra.) Capitonsus.
FOORCYD, as wnlle. Tonsus.
FOORCYN', or clyppyn'.3 Ton-
deo.
FOORCYNGE. Tonsura.
to be a-bowte warde."
constrayne or fande." "To fande, conari, niti, et cetera
CATH. ANG. Minot relates that David Bruce
" Said he sulde fonde
To ride thurgh all Ingland." Poems, viii. p. 39.
The word is used by Rob. Brunne and Rob. of Gloucester in the same sense. Ang.-Sax.
fandian, tentare.
1 Conowre, MS. See hereafter TONOWRE of fonel. In Norfolk, according to Forby,
the term in ordinary use is tunnel, Ang.-Sax. tsenel, canistrum. The word funnel ap-
pears to be derived from fundulus, " quasi fundle," as Junius observes. " Infusorium
est quoddam vasculum per quod liquor infunditiir in aliud vas; vel est vas in quo est
oleum quod ponitur in lucernis, a fonell dyshe (al. tonnell dysshe.)" ORTUS.
2 Junius thinks that this term was borrowed from the Italian forciere, which is ren-
dered by W. Thomas, in his Italian Grammar, 1548, "a forsette, or a little coaferf
and by Florio, " a forcet, a coffin, a casket, a cabinet, &c." It may be remarked that
the most elegant caskets of the Middle Ages, usually of bone or ivory, curiously carved
and painted, are, with few exceptions, of Italian workmanship ; but as Flanders also
furnished these and numerous other ornamental appliances, the origin of the name
forcere rnay perhaps be sought in the Belg. fortsier, a banded coffer. The importation
of " axcune manere ware depeinte, forcers, caskettes, &c." was forbidden by stat. 3
Edw. IV. c. 4. A.D. 1463. In William and the Werwolf it is related that the Queen
sought by means of a ring to charm the monster.
" SeJ^e feiJ>H of a forcer a fair bok sche rau^t,
And radde per on redli i^t a long while."
Chaucer says in " La belle Dame sans Mercie,"
" Fortune by strength the forcer hath vnshete,
Wherein was sperde all my worldly richesse." v. 65.
Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, says, " The joyner made a forcer for my loue, her
chcste, her scyrne, un f order, sa luysel, son escrin. Set your jewellis in your forcier,
that they be not stolen." Palsgrave gives " fo(r)sar, or casket, esc rain; fo(r)cer, a little
cofer, cofret," and cqffret is rendered by Cotgrave " a casket, cabinet, forset, (sic) &c."
3 This word is taken from the French forces, shears for clipping wool or cloth.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
171
FORSYGHTE (forsyjt, K. forsythj,
H.) Previsio previsus.
FORCLYD (or fvrclyd, infra ; for-
kelyd, p.) Furcatus.
FORDON', or dystroyn'.1 Destruo.
FORDERYN', orfortheryn',to incres,
or a- vantage (fordry n, orforthyn,
K.) Promoveo, provelio.
FORDERYN', inspendynge (forthren,
p.) Expedio, accelero.
FORE, or forowe of a londe. Sul-
cus, CATH. lira.
FORELLE, to kepe yn a boke.2
FomluS, CATH. BRIT. in forUS.
FORESTE. Foresta, indago, c. p.
FORETTE, or ferette, lytyll beste.
Furo, c. F. furetus, vel furun-
Clllus, C. F.
FOR EVYR. Semper, eternaliter,
perpetue.
FORFENDYN', idem quod FOR-
BEDYN', supra?
FORFENDYNGE, idem quod FOR-
BEDYNGE.
Fourceler, to clip or shear. See ROQUEF. The stat. 8 Henry VI. c. 20, forbids the
fraudulent practice termed forcing wool, reciting the losa in the customs arising from
those who " clakkent et forcent les boues lains du roialme, pur eux carier dehors dicelle
en estraunges paiis; ordinez est que nulle estraunger ne face forcer clakker ne harder
nulle maner des leins, pur carier hors du roialme,'''' upon pain of forfeiture, with a
penalty of double the value, and imprisonment. Stat. of Realm, ii. 256.
J This verb, Ang.-Sax. for-don, perdere, occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman.
" Alias ! that drynke shal for-do
That God deere boughte." line 5284.
In the Golden Legend it is said in the Life of Becket, that Henry II. " wolde fordoo
suche lawes as his oldres hadde vsed to-fore hym." Palsgrave says, "What so euer
he do on the one day, on the morowe I wyll fordo it, defaire."
2 Jocelyn de Brakelonda relates in his Chronicle, p. 84, that Abbot Samson examined
the relics of St. Edmund in 1198, and when the shrine was closed up, u positui est
super loculum forulus quidam sericus, in quo deposita fuit scedula Anglice scripta,
continens quasdam salutaciones Ailwini Monachi" with a memorial of the opening of
the shrine, which was subscribed by all who had been present. Foruli, according to
Papias, are " thecce vel cistce libronwi, tabularum, vel aliarum rerum, ut spatce; dictce,
quod de foris teyant;'"1 in French, fourreau, or fourel, has the like meaning. Horman
says, " I hadde leuer haue my boke sowed in a forel (consuatur in cuculli invo-
lucro) than bounde in bourdis, and couerede, and elapsed, and garnysshed with
bolyens." Jennings, in his Observations on the Dialects of the West, states that the
cover of a book is still termed a forrel. Palsgrave gives " coueryng for a book, chemi-
sette^'1 a term which appears to be synonymous with forelle, and which has been ex-
plained by Charpentier, v. Camisia ll.br i. In an Inventory taken at Notre Dame,
Paris, in 1492, is mentioned " uny petit messel, convert de cuir rout/e, garni d'une chemi-
sette de chevrotin rouge.'"' Two of the mourners, whose figures are seen around the
tomb of Richard Beauchamp, at Warwick, hold each a book, wrapped in the forelle, or
chemisette; see Stothiird's Monumental Effigies. Its fashion is more clearly exhibited in
a picture at Munich, by Schorel, which has furnished the subject of a plate in Shaw's
Dresses and Decorations.
3 This verb is derived from the Ang.-Sax. for, which often gives in composition the
sense of privation or deterioration, and fandian, tentare. "God fori'ende it!" PALSG.
To forhinder, signifying to prevent, is retained in the East-Anglian dialect, according
to Forby. Many other words similarly compounded have become wholly obsolete, se-
172
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FORFETYNV Forefacio, delin-
quo.
FORFETYNGE, or forfeture. Fore-
faccio, forefactura.
FORFETOWRE. Fore/actor.
FOORGE of smythys. Fabrateria,
CATH./aJn'ca, CATH. COMM.
FORGYN'. Fabrefacio.
FORKED. Frons, sinciput,
(FORHELYN, K. H. p. for-hyllyn'
cowncel, s.2 CWo.)
FOR-HUNGRYD, and an-lumgryd.3
Famelicus.
FORKE. Furca, pala.
FOR-LATYN', or leve desolate.
Desolo.
FORLATYN'. Desolatus.
FORLATE PLACE. AbsoletUS, C. F.
FORME. Forma.
FooRME,longe stole. Sponda,v\cc.
FOORME of an hare, or o]?er lyke.
Lustrum, KYLW.
FOORMYD. Formatus.
FOORMYN', or makyii'. Formo.
FOORMYNGE, or makynge. For-
macio.
FOORMYNGE, or techynge, or in-
formynge (or infourmynge of
techinge, P.) Instruccio in-
formacio.
FORMOWRE, or grubbynge yryn' of
gravowrys.4 Scrqfina, CATH.
runcina, c. F.
FORNE parte of a thynge (fore
part, p.) Anterior pars.
FORNE parte of a schyppe, or for-
schyppe. Prora.
FOR-SAKYN'. Desero, relinquo,
derelinquo, renuo.
FORSAKYN', and denyyn'. Abnego.
FORSAKYN', and refusyn'. Ab-
renuncio, refuto, recuso.
FORSAKYN', orrefusyd. Refutatus.
FOR-SAKYN', or lefte. Derelictus.
relictus, dimissus.
FORSAKYNGE, or refusynge. Re-
futacio, c. F. derelictio, desercio,
dimissus.
veral of which are given by Palsgrave, as the following; "To forbreake, Lydgate; to
forderke, make derke; to fordewe, sprinkle with dewe; to fordreynt, Lydgate, drowne;
to fordull, make one dull of wyt; to forlye, as a nouryce dothe her chylde whan she
kylleth it in the nyght; to forwaye, go out of the waye, Lydgate; to forwery, &c."
1 Chaucer, Gower, and the early writers generally, use the verb to forfeit in its pri-
mary sense of committing a transgression ; in French forfaire has the same signification.
" Forisfacio, id est offendere vel nocere, to forfeyte." ORTUS. "What have I forfayted
against you ?" PALSG.
2 Ang.-Sax. forhelan, celare. See HYLLYN.
3 Hardyng relates the honours that were falsely paid to the remains of Richard II.
" Fro Poumfret brought with great solempnyte,
(Men sayde forhungered he was) and lapped in lede,
At Poules his masse was done and diryge." Chron. c. 200.
4 The Catholicon gives the following explanation: "A scrobs dicitur scrofina, quod-
dam instrumenium carpenlarii, quia herendo scrobem faciat." " Runcina est quoddam
artificium fabri lignarii gracile et recurvum, quo cavantur tabule ut una allera alteri connec-
tatur; Anglice, a gryppynge yron." ORTUS. Palsgrave gives the term " formowr, or
grublyng yron," which appears to signify a gouge. See GROWPYN' wythe an yryn, as
gravowrys, runco.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
173
FORSOTHE. Vere, utique, quinimo,
profecto, siquidem, Amen.
FOR-SPEKYN', or charmyn'.1 Fas-
cino, CATH.
FORSTERE, or fostere. Foresta-
rius, indagarius, indago, vel
indagator (viridarius, p.)
FORSWERERE, or he ]>at ys oft
forsworon'. Labro, c. F.
FORSWERYN'. Perjuro.
FORSWERYNGE. Perjurium, per-
juracio, objuracio.
FORSWORNE. Perjurus.
FORTHYNKYNGE of dede done.
Penitudo, CATH.
FoRTHYNKYN'.2 Pe?utet, luoj UG.
FORTHEGATE.
feccio.
FoRTHEGONE.
FORTHYRST.
FORTOPPE.
Transitus, pro-
Profectus.
Sitibundus, siciens.
Aqualium, CATH.
calvaria, CATH. et c. F.
FORTUNE, or happe. Fortuna,
eventus, casus.
FORWARDE, or cumnawnt.3 Con-
vencio, pactum.
FORWARDE, or more vttyr. Ultra,
ulterius.
FOR WHY (forqwhy, H.) Quin
(quia, quomam, p.)
FOR THE NONYS (nones, w.)4
Idcirco, exproposito.
1 " Facina, a forspekere, or a tylstere (al. tylyere). Fascino, to forspeke or ouersee."
MED. GRAMM. " To forspeke, fascinare, incantare ; a ferspekynge, J "ascinacio ,J ucinus."
CATH. ANG. Palsgrave says, " I forspeake a thyng by enchauntementes. Some witche
hath forspoken him, quelque vaudoyse la enchanted W. Turner, in his Herbal, 1562,
says that " there are sum date trees in whose fruite is a stone bowyng after ye fasshon of
an half moon, and thys sum polyshe with a toothe, with a certayn religion agaynst for-
spekyng and bewitchyng." The Ang.-Sax. for-spaec has merely the signification of a
preface, fore-speca, prolocutor ; by Shakespeare and other writers to forespeak is used
with the sense of forbidding. The use of the word in the sense of fascinating or charming
arose probably from a superstitious belief, which is not extinct at the present time in
North Britain, that certain persons had the power of injuring or bewitching others by
immoderate praise. See Jamieson's observations upon this word.
2 Richard Earl of Arundel, having made in Parliament certain complaints against John
of Gaunt, which were answered by Richard II., the Earl was obliged to make before the
House an apology, which was enrolled, wherein he thus expresses himself : " Hit for-
thynketh me, and byseche yowe of your gode Lordship to remyt me your mau-talent."
Rot. Parl. in. 314, A.D. 1393. "To rewe, penitere, &c. ubi to forthynke. A for-
thynkynge, compunccio, contricio, penitencia." CATH. ANG.
3 In the romanee of Richard Coer de Lion it is related that Saladin made a treaty with
him that for three years pilgrims should have free access to the holy city.
" The next day he made forewarde
Of trewes to the Kyng Richard." line 7115.
In Sir Amadace the White Knight makes an agreement in these terms ;
" Butte a forwart make I with the, or that thou goe,
That euyn to part be-twene vs toe,
The godus thou hase wonun and spedde." Stanza 42.
See also the Avowynge of King Arther, stanza 35 : Cant. Tales, Prologue, 831, 854.
Ang.-Sax. fore-weard, pactum.
4 " For ye nayriste, abintento." CATH. ANG. Various are the conjectures that have
been made with regard to the derivation of this phrase. See Tyrwhitt's note on Cant.
174
PROMrTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FoR3ETARE (forgcter, p.) 7m-
memor, oblitor.
FOR-JETYLLE, or fretefulle (forget-
full, p.)1 Obliviosus (letenus, P.)
FORJETYN'. Obliviscor, necligo.
FORYETYN' lessonys, or other loore
and techyngys. Dedisco, CATH.
in disco.
FOR-JETYN' or for-jetyn' (s/c.)2
Oblitus.
FOR-JETYNGE. ObllVlO.
FOR-YEVYN' trespace, or dette
(forgeuen, p.) Indulgeo, re-
mitto, condono.
FOR-YEVENESSE (forgyuenesse, p.)
Venia, remissio.
FORYEVYNGE, idem quod FOR-
YEVENESSE, supra.
FOORDE, passage oner a water
(forthe or water passinge, p.)
Vadum, CATH.
FORTHERYNGE, or promocyon
(forthe, or fortheringe, p.) Pro-
mocio.
FOSTERE, supra, idem quod FOR-
8TERE.
FOOT. Pes.
FOOT BE FOOT. Pedetentim.
FOOTE, mesure. Pedalis, CATH.
FOTYNGE. Peditacio.
FOTYNGE, or fundament. Fun-
damentum.
FOT MANN, or he bat goythe on
foote. Pedester, pedes, c. F.
FOOT STAPPE. Vestigium.
FOOTE STEPPE, of a mann only.
Peda, CATH. et KYLW.
FOWAYLE (or fowaly, p.)3 Fo-
cale.
FOWAR, or clensare.4 Mundator,
emundator, purgator, munda-
trixj purificatrix.
FOWARE, or clensare of donge, as
gongys, and ober lyke. Fi-
mariuSj oblitor, c. F.
FOWER, or fewelere, or fyyr maker
(fovwer, H.)5 Focarius, velfo-
caria, focularius.
Tales, v. 381 ; Jamieson's Diet. v. Nanes ; and Sir Frederick Madden's glossaries ap-
pended to William and the Werwolf, and Syr Gawayn. In the last he retracts the opinion
previously expressed, and is disposed to conclude that the original form of the phrase was
the Saxon, " for than anes." It implies occasion, purpose, or use ; thus Palsgrave gives
" for the nonest, de mesmes ; for the nones, a propos, a escient. C'est un gallant de
mesmes, et de fait apence. This dagger is sharpenned for the nones, affille tout a esciant.''
Horman says, " he fayned or made hymselfe sicke for the nonis, deditd opera. He de-
layeth the matter for the nonys, de industria. It is a false mater deuysed for the nonys,
deditd opera conficta." Occasionally, as in the following instance, it is used ironically :
" You are a cooke for the nones, wyll you sethe these roches, or you haue scaled them ?
vous estes ung cuisinier de mesmes,'" &c. PALSG. " He is a popte fole, or a starke fole, for
the nonys, homo fatuitate monstrabilis.^ HOEM.
1 The word fretefulle seems here evidently a corrupt reading, which is corrected by
Pynson. For letenus should probably be read letheus, '* i. obliviosus.'1'' ORTUS.
2 The correct reading, probably, is here either FOKYETYN, or forjetyn ; or possibly
forgetyn. See the note on the word FAYNE.
3 See EYLDYNGE, or fowayle. In the Romance of Richard Goer de Lion this word
seems to have the more general sense of provisions, or needful supplies. When Richard
arrived at Cologne the heads of the city issued the command,
" No man selle hem no fowayle." line 1471.
4 See FEYAR, FYIN, and GOONGE FYRMAR. The appellation Fowar occurs as a surname
in the Issue Roll of the Exch. 44 Edw. III. " Will. Fowar, falconer."
5 " Focarius, a fuelere, or makerc of fyre." MEDULLA. See Nares, v. fueler.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
175
FOWYD, orclcnsyd. Mundatus,pur-
gatus, purificatus, emundatus.
FOWYN', or make clene.1 Mundo,
emundo, purgo, purifico.
FOWYNGE, or clensynge. Emun-
dacio, purgacio, purificacio.
FOWYR. Quatuor.
FOWRE TYMES. Quater.
FOWLS, bryd. Avis, volucer.
FOWLE, of fylthe. Turpis, vilis,
sordidus.
FOWL, on-thende, or owte caste
(vnthende, P.) Abjectus.
FOWL ARE. Auceps, avicularius.
FOWLYN', or take byrdys. Au-
cuporj COMM.
FOWLYN', or defowlyn' (defylen,
p.) TurpOj deturpo, maculo,
coinquino, fedo, polluo.
FOWLYNGE, of fylthe. Detur-
pacio, pollucio, sordidacio.
FOWLYNGE, or takynge of byrdys.
Aucupium, UG. in aueo.
FOOWNE, beeste (fown, K. H.)
Hinnulus, vel innulus, CATH.
FOWNDER of a place. Fundator.
FOWNDOWRS. (fowndowresse, H.
foundresse, P.) Fundatrix.
FOWNDRYD, as horse.
FOWNDERYN' (fowundryn, p.)2
FOWNDRYNGE.
FOWRE, supra (in FOWYR.)
FOWRE CORNER YD. Quadran-
gulus, quadrangularis.
FOWRE FOLDE. Quadruplus.
FOWRE FETYD (fotyd, K. foted,
P.) Quadripes.
FOWRE HUNDRYD. Quadringinti.
FOWRE SQUARE (fowre scware, or
fowre sware, H.) Quadrus.
FOWRE SQUARE STONE. Tessel-
lum, c. F. (peretalum, P.)
FOWRTHE, or the fowrte. Quartus.
FOWRETENE. Quatuordecim.
FOWRE TYMES. Quater.
(FOURTY, P. Quadraginta.}
FOWRTY TYMES. Quctdragesies.
FOWRTNYGHT. Qumdenct.
Fox, beeste. Vulpes, CATH.
FOXYSHE (foxich, K.) Vulpinus.
(FRACCHYN', supra in cherkyfi',
as newe cartys ; frashin, s.)3
FRAYLE of frute (frayil, K.) Pa-
lata, CATH. carica, CATH. et
UG. in copos.4
FRAYYN', idem quod FERYN',
supra (fraiyn, or afrayn, K.
afrayin, p.)
1 " I fowe a gonge, ie cure un retraict, or ortrait. Thou shalte eate no buttered
fysshe with me, tyll thou wasshe thy handes, for thou hast fowed a gonge late." PALSG.
Forby gives the verb to fie, fey or fay, as still used in Norfolk in this sense. See FYIN".
2 Palsgrave gives the verb " to fownder as a horse, trebucher."" Dr. Turner, in his
Herbal, 1562, makes use of the term in allusion to ailments of the human body, where
he says that Pyrethrum " is excellently good for any parte of the body yl is fundied or
foundered." In his treatise of baths and mineral waters, he says that the baths of
Baden, in High Germany, " heate muche membres that are foundre or fretished wyth
cold, and bringe them to theyr naturall heate agayne ;" and that the Pepper bath has
virtues to restore " limbs fretished, foundered and made numme wyth colde."
3 This word appears to be now only retained in the North Country expression to
fratch, signifying to scold or quarrel. It seems to be derived from A.-S. freo^an,/?-icare.
Compare Jamieson, v. Frate.
4 The Catholicon gives the following explanation : " A palus dicitur palata, quia fit
de palis, et palate sunt masse que de recentibus ficulms compinyi solent, quas inter palas
176 PROMPTORIUM PARVDLORUM.
FRAKINE (fraken, K. frakne, H.
freken, p.)1 Lentigo, c. F. len-
ticulcij c. F.
FRAKNY, or fraculde (frekeny, p.)
Lentigi(ii)osus,
FRAKNYD, idem quod FRAKNY.
FRAME of a worke. Fabrica.
FRAMYD. Dolatus.
FRAMYD TRE. Assa, UG. et CATH.
cadia.
FRAMYN' tymbyr for howsys (or
hewyn, p.)2 Dolo.
FRAMYNGE of tymbyr. Dolatura.
FRAMYNGE, or afframynge, or
wynnynge.3 Lucrum, emolu-
mentum.
ad $olem siccant ;" and carica properly signifies dates preserved in a similar manner. In
the Romance of Coer de Lion are mentioned, among provision for the army,
" Fyggys, raysyns in frayel." line 1549.
"A frayle of fygys, palata." CATH. ANO. "Frayle for fygges, cabas, calache."
PALSG. Minsheu would derive the term " a fragilitate," and Skinner from the Italian
fragli; but it more closely resembles the old French " Fraiaus, frayel; cabas, panier
de jonc.'"1 KOQUEF. In Suffolk, according to Moore, a flexible mat-basket is called a
frail. See Bp. Kennett's and Nares' glossaries.
1 Chaucer makes use of this word in his description of the King of Inde.
"A fewe fraknes in his face y-sprent,
Betwixen yelwe and blake somdel y-meint." Knight's Tale.
In the gloss on the Equivoca of Joh. de Garlandia it is said, " lenticula est quedam
macula in facie hominis, Anylice a spotte or frecon : lenticulosus, fraconed." "Frecken,
or freccles in one's face, Untile, brand de Judas." PALSG. Forby observes that the
word freckens is still used in Norfolk. A.-S. frsecn, turpitudo.
2 Previously to the XVIth cent, the ordinary mode of constructing houses in the
Eastern counties, as likewise in other parts of England, was by forming a frame of wood,
or skeleton structure, the intervals or panels being afterwards filled up with brickwork,
lath and plaster, or indurated earth, by the process called in Norfolk dawbing. Such
constructions are usually termed timbered houses, or, in Shropshire, Cheshire, and
neighbouring counties, where they are found highly ornamented, black and white
houses. Harrison, who wrote his description of England about A.D. 1579, being re-
sident in Essex, observes that " the ancient manours and houses of our gentlemen are
yet and for the most part of strong timber, in framing whereof our carpenters haue
been, and are, worthilie preferred before those of like science among all other nations.
Howbeit, such as be latelie builded are comonlie either of bricke or hard stone, or
both." B. ii. c. 12, Holinshed, Chron. i. 188. It is from this period that a marked
change in the costly and ornamental character of domestic architecture in England is to
be dated ; previously, with the exception of some parts where the abundant supply of
stone occasioned a more frequent use of such solid materials, houses were ordinarily of
framed work. Palsgrave says, " My house is framed all redye (charpentt), it wanteth
but setting up." Among the disbursements for building Little Saxham Hall, A.D.
1507, by Thomas Lucas, Solicitor General to Henry VII. occur payments "to the joy-
nours for framyng of 6 chambres, 25s. For framyng of my great parlour and great
chambre, 10s." Rokewode's Hist. Suff. 147. The statute 37 Hen. VIII. c. 6, 1545,
recites that certain novel outrages had of late been practised, such as " the secret
burnynge of frames of tymber prepared and made, by the owners therof, redy to be
sett up, and edified for houses." This misdemeanour was made felony.
3 Forby gives the verb to frame, as meaning in Norfolk to shape the demeanour to an
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
177
FRANK, kepynge of fowlys to
make fatte.1 Saginarium, Dice.
FRANKYD. Saginatus.
FRANKYNGE. Saginacio.
FRANKINCENS. Olibanum, fran-
cum incensum, c. F. (thus. P.)
FRANKELEYNE. Libertinus, KYLW.
FRAUNCE, londe. Francia (Gal-
lia, p.)
FRAWNCHEMUL, puddynge (fraun-
chem, p.)2 Lucanica, c. F.
FRAUNCHYSE (francheyse, K.)
Libertas, territorium.
FREE. Liber.
FREDAM. Libertas.
FRE HERTYD in yeftys (in 3iftys,
K. free of giftis. p.) Liberalis.
FREYL, and brokulle, or brytylle
(febyl, K. febyll or brekyll, P.)
Fragilis.
FREYLNEESSE. Fragilitas.
FREYTHE of caryage (freyt, or
freythe, K. freight, or cariage,
p.) Vectura, nabulum, c. F. et
UG. trajectio, CATH.
FREYHTE, or feer (freyt,1 or fer, K.
freyth, H.) Timor, pavor, terror.
FREYTOWRE. Refectorium.
occasion of ceremony. In N. Britain it has the signification of succeeding, and is derived
by Jamieson from A. S. fremian, valere, prodesse. In the Craven dialect it implies
making an attempt.
1 The word frank appears to be derived from the old French. Cotgrave gives
" franc, a franke or stie to feed and fatten hogs in ; " and Florio renders Saginario,
" a franke, or coupe, or penne; a place where beasts or birds are fatned." Ital. Diet.
Harrison, in his description of England, speaking of the mode of making brawn, says,
"it is made commonlie of the fore part of a tame bore, set vp for the purpose by the
space of a whole yere or two, especiallie in gentlemen's houses (for the husband men
and farmers neuer franke them for their owne vse aboue three or foure moneths), in
which time he is dieted with otes and peason," &c. B. iii. c. i. Holinsh. Chron. i. 222.
This verb is used by Shakespeare, and repeatedly by Holland, in his translation of Pliny.
See Nares' Glossary.
2 Lutanca, MS. " A franchemole, lucanica," CATH. ANQ. The Catholicon observes,
" Litcanica — quoddam genus cibi, et ut dicunt sulsucia, quid primo in Lucania est facial
It is a term of French derivation; Cotgrave gives " Franchemulle d^un mouton, a sheepes
call or kell," and it seems to have signified a viand much the same as the haggis.
Directions for compounding it will be found in the " Kalendare de Leche Metys," Harl.
MS. 279, f. 32. " Nym eyroun with J?e whyte, and gratid brede, and chepis talow.
Also grete as dyse nym pepir, safroun, and grynd alle to-gederys, and do in >e wombe
of )>e chepe, J>at is the mawe, and sethe hem wyl, and serue forth." See also the Forme
of Cury, p. 95. The following metrical recipe " for fraunche mele "" occurs in the
" Crafte of Cure," Sloane MS. 1986, f. 85.
" Take swongene eyrene in bassyne clene,
And kreme of mylke >at is so schene,
And myyd bred J?ou put J?er to,
And powder of peper >ou more do.
Coloure hyt with safrone in hast,
And kremelyd sewet of schepe on last;
And fylle J>y bagge J>at is so gode,
And sew hyt fast, sir, for J>o rode.
Whenne hyt is so)>un }>ou schalt hyt leche,
And broyle hyt on gredel as I the teche."
CAMD. SOC.
2A
178
PROMPTORIUM PARVTJLORUM.
FRELY. Libere, gratis.
FREMANN. Liber, libera.
FREMANN, made of bonde (manu-
misyd, K.) Manumissus, coli-
bertus, manwnissa, coliberta,
c. F. liberties, CATH.
FREMYD, or strawnge (frend, or
strange, K. fremmed, H. p.)1 Ex-
traneus, alienus, externus, UG. v.
FREEND. Amicus, arnica.
FREEXDFULLE. Amicabilis.
FREENDLY. Amicabiliter.
FRENESSE of hert, or lyberalyte.
Liberalitas.
FRENESY, sekenesse. Frenesis,
mania.
FRENETYKE (frentyk, K.) Fre-
neticus, maniatus.
FRENGE, or lyoure. Tenia, glossd
Merarii (orarium, K.)
FRENSCHYPPE (frenchepe, H.)
Amicicia, amicabilitas.
FRERE (fryer', p.) Frater.
FREES, idem quod FREYL, supra
(fres, or freel, K. or brokyl, or
broyyl, H. broyle, p.)2
FRESCHE. Recens, friscus.
FRESCHE, ioly and galaimt (fresshe
and gay, p.)3 Redimitus, CATH.
FRESCHLY, and newly. Recenter,
noviter.
FRESCHLY, or iolyly, and gayly.
Gaudiose, friscose, redimite.
FRESYN', froste. Gelat, c. F.
FRESYNGE, or froste, Geliditas,
CATH.
FRESTE, or to frest yn byynge or
borowynge (frest, or frestynge,
K.) Mutuum.
FRESTYN', or lende to freste
1 Fremyde is a word used by most of the older writers.
" Sal neuer freik on fold, fremmyt nor freynde,
Gar me lurk for ane luke lawit nor lerd." Golagros and Gawane, 1079.
" Mony klyf he ouer clambe in contrayej straunge,
Per floten fro his frendej fremedly he rydes."
Gawayn and G. Knyjt, 714.
It occurs in Rob. of Glouc. and Chaucer ; and signifies both strange, as regards country,
and alien, as to kindred.
« Whether he be fremd, or of his blod,
The child, he seyd, is trewe and gode." Amis and Amiloun, 1999.
"Those children that are nursed by frembde men's fires are, for the most part, more
harde and strong then they be which are daintily brought up in their owne fathers
houses."" Precious Pearle, translated by Coverdale, A.D. 1560. " Fremmyd, exterus,
externus. To make fremmyd, txterminan." CATH. ANG. " IHxter, the last, frem-
mede, or strange." MEDULLA. " Estrange, separated from, growne fremme or out of
knowledge, and acquaintance. Estrangier, a stranger, alien, outlander, a fremme
bodie, that is neither a dweller with, nor of kinne vnto us." COTG. Ang.-Sax. fremed,
alienus.
2 Compare BROKDOL, or frees, where possibly the correct reading should be brokyl ;
and SPERF, or fres.
3 Chaucer and Govver use the word fresh in the sense of handsome, or ornamented ;
Herman says, " the buyldynge is more fresshe than profitable, majoris ostentationis est
yuam usus. Our church e hath a sharpe steple with a fresshe top, cum ornatofastigio."
So likewise Palsgrave gives " frosshe, gorgyouse, gay, or well besene, /risque, gaillart."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
179
(frestyn, or leendyn, H.)i Presto,
comodo, accomodo, mutuo.
FRETYN', or chervyn' (choruyn,
H.) Torqueo, CATH.
FRETYN', or weryn', as metalle be
ruste (or knawyn, H. gnawen,
p.) Corrode, demollio.
FRETYNGE. Corrosio.
FRETYNGE, payne yn' ]>e wombe.
Torcio.
FRY YD. Frixus, confrixus.
FRYKE, or craske, or yn grete
helthe. Crassus.
FRYKENESSE. Grassitudo.
FRYYN' yn a pann'. Frigo, frixo,
c. F.
FRYYNGE. Frixatura, CATH.
FRYYNGE PANN. Sartago, frix-
orium, CATH.
FRYSARE, or he ]>at frysythe clothe.
Villator.
FRYSE, or frysyd clothe. Pannus
villains.
FRYSE clothe. Villo.
(FRYSED, as clothe, P.) Villatus.}
FRYSYNGE of clothe. Villatura.
FRYTOWRE, cake. Lagana. (La-
gana sunt latd panes sarta-
gineplagd, K.)
FRO A-BOWYN' (fro abovyn, K.
from aboue, P.) De super, de-
sursum.
(FRO BE-NETHYN, K. H. from be-
nethe, P. Deorsum.}
FRO FERE (fro far, p.) Emimis,
de longe.
FROGGE, or firoke, munkys abyte
(frok, monkes clothinge, J. w.)
Flocus, in Jure, libro vj.
(FROKE, monkes habyte, K. p.
frogge, H.) Cuculla, culla,
CATH.)2
1 Ray gives among his N. Country words " to frist, to trust for a time." A.S. fyrstan,
inducias facere. Jamieson explains it as signifying in the primary sense to delay, or
postpone, and thence to give on credit, to grant delay as to payment. Germ, fristen,
prorogare tempus agendi. " To friste, induciare." CATH. ANG.
8 " A froke, cucullus." CATH. ANG. There is much ambiguity in the use of the term
froccus, the monastic frock, which occasionally appears to have been confounded with the
cuculla, although properly a distinct garment. At the General Council at Vienna, 1312,
Clement V. defined the cuculla to be a long, full, and sleeveless garment ; the floccv.s,
considered identical with froccus, to be a long habit, with long and wide sleeves. They
are evidently distinguished by Ingulph, who states among the ordinances of Egelric,
Abbot of Croyland from 975 to 992, " Induit onmi anno totum conventum cum secta sua
de tunicis, omni altero anno de cucuttis, et omni tertio anno de froccis."1 Rerum Angl.
Script, i. 54. The distinction appears likewise to be made by M. Paris, where he speaks
of the unbecoming changes in monastic attire, introduced at St. Alban's during the time
of Abbot Wulnoth, towards the close of the Xth cent. So also in the enumeration of
garments allowed by custom to each monk of Glastonbury, at the latter part of the
Xlth cent, it is stated, " uuusqitisque fratfum ij cucullas, et ijfroccos, et ij stamina, et ij
femoralia habere debet, et iv caligas, et peliciam novam per singulos annos."1"1 G. de Malmsb.
de Antiqu. Glast. Hearne, ed. Domerham, i. 119. At an early period the cowl appears
to have been portion of a sleeveless garment which sometimes was a mere cape, but occa-
sionally reached quite to the heels, and was worn over the long, full, and sleeved habit
termed a frock. See the illustrative plates in Muratori, Script. Ital. i. part 2, Chron.
Vulturuense ; Mabill. Ann. Bened. i. 121. At a subsequent time it seems that these
garments ceased to be distinct, and the long dress of the monk, having the cowl attached
to it, was termed indifferently froccus, frocca, andjCoccw, or cuculla. Further information
on this snbjcct will be found in Ducange.
180
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
FROGGE, or frugge, tode. Bufo.
FROHENS forewarde. Amodo, de-
incepS) actenus, decetero.
FROHENS (frohethyn, K. fro heyin,
H. fro heyine, s. fro heym, p.)
HinCj dehinc (abhinc, K.)
FRO NY (or fro nere, K. p.) Co-
minus.
FRONT, idem quod FORKED, supra.
FROYD custummere J>at byythe of
a-nother, as jeme byers (froth
custumnare, bat byy J? off a-noder,
as 3arne byars, s.)1
FROYSE.2 Frixura, CATH. Ver-
sus. Frixa nocent, elixa ju-
vantj assata coartant. Hec
c. F.
FROKE, or frosche (frosh, K.
froske, or frosche, H. s. p. or
frogge, w.)3 Rana.
FROST. Gelu.
FROTHE. Spuma, CATH. spumula,
KYLW.
(F"ROWARDE, s. p.) Contrarius,
perversus, protervus.
FROWARDNESSE. Perversitas,
contrarietas, protervitas.
FRO WYTHE YN'. Abinter, deintus.
FRO WYTHE OWTE (fro wit owtyn,
K.) Abextra.
FROWNAR. Fruncator, CATH. in
nario, rugator.
FROWNCE of a cuppe.4 Frontinella
(frigium, p.)
FROWNYN'. Frunco, CATH. in
subsamno, sanno.
1 A satisfactory interpretation of this word has in vain been sought. The practice of
buying up woollen yarn for exportation was carried to a great extent in Norfolk, and
other parts of England. It was highly injurious to the interests of the cloth-workers,
and occasioned loss to the revenue. Many enactments appear in the statutes to protect
both the weavers of Norfolk, and the customs, against the crafty proceedings of merchants,
both strangers and denizens, " regrators and gatherers of woll." See particularly stat.
23 Hen. VI. c. 2; 7 Edw. IV. c. 3; 4 Hen. VII. c. 11 ; 33 Hen. VIII. c. 16. Perhaps
froyd may imply the artful diligence with which covetous traders persisted in eluding the
statutes, and robbing the staple manufacturers of Norfolk. Jamieson explains " frody "
as signifying cunning ; Teut. vroed, indusLnus , attentus ad rem. In the North, according
to Brockett, froating means anxious unremitting industry.
2 A pancake is called in the Eastern counties a froyse, a term derived, as Skinner
conjectures, either from frixare, or the French froisser, because the substances of which
it is compounded are beaten up together. Forby gives, as a Norfolk proverb, the following
phrase: " If it won't pudding, it will froize;" if it won't do for one purpose, it will for
another. See ancient recipes in the Forme of Cury, p. 96 ; and the " Kalendare de
Leche Metys. Froyse out of Lentyn." Harl. MS. 299, f. 36. " Froyse of egges, dovte
d'cevfz." PALSG. Voulte d'ceufs is the ancient appellation of an omelet. " Fritilla, a
froyse or pancake." ELYOT.
3 A small frog, according to Forby, is called in Norfolk a fresher. The distinction
which appears to be here made between FROGGE, tode, and FROKE, or frosche, is possibly
dialectical; they seem properly, however, to be synonymous, the former derived from
A.S. frogga, rana, while the latter assimilates more nearly to the Germ, frosch, Dan.
frosk, a frog, TOODE, fowle wyrme, occurs hereafter. " liana, a froske, or frogge."
ORTUS. " A froske, agredida, rana,ruleta,ranula.'>'' CATH. ANG. In the Golden Legend,
in the Life of St. Peter, is a relation of the deceit practised upon Nero by his physicians,
when he ordered them, " Make ye me w1 chylde, and after to be delyuered, yl I may
know what payne my moder suffred : which by craft they gaue to hym a yonge frosshe
to drynke, and it grewe in his bely."
4 This term appears to signify the kind of ornament which in modern goldsmith's
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 181
' wythe the nose. Nasio,
CATH.
FROWNYNGE. Fruncacio, CATH.
in subsamno, rugacio.
FROWNT, or frunt of a churche, or
oj>er howsys. Frontispicium,
C. F. CATH.
FRUCE, or frute. Fructus.
FRUTUOSE, or fulle of frute (fruc-
tuowse, K.) Fructuosus, uber.
FRUMPYLLE. Ruga, rugula.
FRUMPLYD. Rugatus, rugulatus.
FRUNTELLE of an awtere.1 Fron-
tellus.
work is called gadrooned, from the French " goderonne, a fashion of imbossement used
by goldsmiths, and termed knurling." COTG. France implies a wrinkle, crumple, or
gather, generally in allusion to dress, as in the Vis. of Piers Ploughman, 8657. " Froun-
syng, froncement." PALSG. Frontinella is not explained by Due. and in the Ortus is
rendered " the pyt in the necke ; " it seems, therefore, to mean a wrinkled or irregular
depression of surface. Possibly the correct reading may be froncinella. Fronciatus,
i. rugatus, Due.
1 "A fruntalle,/r<mtaJe." CATH. ANG. The frontal of an altar is defined by Lynd-
wood to be " apparatus pendens in fronte altaris, qui apparatus alias dicitur Palla."
Provinc. 252. The synod of Exeter, A.D. 1287, ordained that in every church the
parishioners should provide " frontellum ad quodlibet altare." Wilkins, ii. 139. Abp.
Winchelsey, in his Constitutions, A.D. 1305, prescribes that provision be made of " fron-
tale ad magnum altare, ciim tribus tuellis.'" Lyndw. 252. The frontal must not be
confounded with the permanent decoration of the fore part of the altar, properly termed
tabula or tablementum, which was formed either of sculptured or painted work, and
sometimes of the most precious metals, chased, enamelled, and set with gems, as was
that in Winchester cathedral, described in the Inventory given by Strype, Life of Abp.
Parker, App. 187. The frontal was formed of the most costly stuffs, and often, if not
properly by prescribed usage, was of the same suit or colour as the vestments used at
the same time in the service of the altar. As there were both the tabula frontalis and
superfrontalis, which last seems to have been identical with the retro-tabula or post-
tabula, so likewise there were the pannus frontalis and superfrontalis^ the second being
in both cases the decoration placed above the altar, and attached or appended to the
wall or screen against which it was placed. The inventory of sacred ornaments in
the Wardrobe Book of 29 Edw. I. A.D. 1300, enumerates " Duo frontalia broudata,
majora et minora, de und sectd," p. 350 ; identical, probably, in purpose with those
termed il frontella ij pro altare, unum videlicet superius, et aliud^inferius pro eodem,"
which were purchased by John de Ombresley, Abbot of Evesham, from the executors
of Will, de Lynne, Bishop of Worcester, who died in 1373. Harl. MS. 3763. In Pat.
3 Hen. VI. these ornaments are again differently termed. Among various gifts to
churches in France delivered by the executors of Henry V. it appears that they sent to
St. Denis " unam altam frontellam^ et unam bassam frontellam de velvet, rubeas, cum
foliis tmreis brouderatas.'1'' Rym. x. 346. In the Inventory of the gifts of Abp. Chicheley
to All Souls' College, A.D. 1437, there appears to be a distinction between the terms
frontale and frontellum, as it enumerates, among many others, " jfrontale et suffrontale
de blodio velvet operatum cum stellis, patibiilo, et salutatione ; j frontellum de blodio
velvet cum foliis quercinis aureis ; vj frontys, et vj suffrontys unius sectce, steynid, pro
secundis altaribiis." &c. Gutch, Coll. Cur. ii. 262. The precise difference is not
apparent ; but each secta, or totus apparatus for an altar, comprised, according to this
document, the '''•frontale, suffroidale, frontellum, ij curtince, j des-cloth, j teca,"" or
corporas case : possibly frontellum may be only a diminutive of the other term. Ducange
gives the term " refrontale, apparatus altaris,'" the same, probably, as the pannus
superfrontalis; as likewise the tabula svprafrontalis was, as has been observed, termed
also retro-tabula.
182
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(FRUTE, p. Fructus, supra in
FRUCE.)
FRUTYN', or biynge for]>e frute.
Fructifico.
FUL. Plenus, repletus.
FUL of wynde. Ventosus.
FULLE of wordys. Verbosus.
FULLARE. Fullo.
FULE of golde, quod dicitur gold-
fule (goldfoyl, K.) Brateum,
vel bratea, in plur. CATH.
FULFYLLN', or fyllyn'. Impleo,
repleo.
FULFYLLYN', or make a-cethe in
thynge J>at wantytne (makyn
a-set for }>yngys j>at wantun, s.)
Supleo.
FULFYLLE wythe mete. Sacio,
saturo.
FULLE clothe. Fullo, CATH.
FULLYNGE. Fullatura.
FULMARE, best (fulmard, H. p.)1
Pecoides, Dice, fetontus, petor.
FULNESSE. Replecio, implecio.
FULNESSE of mete (or fulsunesse,
infra.) Sacietas, saturacio.
FULNESSE of sownde. Sonoritas.
FULNESSE or plente (fulsunesse,
K. H. P.) Habundancia, copia.
(FULSUNESSE of mete, K. p. Saci-
etas.)
FUMETER, herbe. Fumus terre.
(FUMRELL of an hows, K. p. supra
in FOMERELL. Fumarium.)
FUNDAMENT, or grownde of a
byggj(n)ge (byggyn, K. be-
gynnynge, H. p.) Fundamentum.
FUNDAMENT, or grownde. Fundus.
FUNDELYNGE, as he }>at ys fownd-
yn', and noman wote ho ys hys
fadur, ne hys modyr. Inventi-
cius, inventicia, aborigo, UG.
FUNKE, or lytylle fyyr.2 Igniculus,
foculus.
FUNT, or fant. Baptisterium,
fons baptismalis.
FURBYSCHOWRE, idem quod FOR-
BYSCHOUR, supra.
(FURCLYD, supra in forclyd, H.
forded, supra in forcled, P.)
FURGON' (furgont, K. furgun, or
fyre forke, p.)3 Rotabulum,
1 " A fulmerd,/efo?icms." CATH. ANG. The polecat is commonly called in the North
a foumart. See Jamieson, Brockett, &c. The Acts of James II. King of Scots, A.D.
1424, regulate the export of " fowmartis skinnis, callit fithowis." The foumart appears,
however, to be distinct from the fitchew: in the Boke of St. Alban's, among " bestys of
the chace of the stynkynge fewte," are named "the fulmarde, the fyches, &c. and the
pulcatte." Harrison, speaking of indigenous animals, and the hunting of foxes and
badgers, observes, " I might here intreat largelie of other vermine, as the polcat, the
miniuer, the weasell, stote, fulmart, squirrill, fitchew, and such like." Descr. of Eng. B. iii.
c. 4. Isaac Walton mentions " the fitchet, the fulimart, the polecat," &c. Compl. Angler,
i. c. 1. See hereafter POLKAT (pulkat, MS.) idem quod fulmere.
2 Forby gives funk as signifying touchwood. The word may be derived from Germ,
funk, Dan. funke, scintilla. R. Brunne uses the phrase " not worth a fonk," seeming
to imply a brief existence, evanescent as a spark ; Langt. Chron. p. 171. In another
passage he relates that King John vowed vengeance upon Stephen Langton, and the
monks who had chosen him Archbishop, against the royal pleasure.
" Be beten alle fonkes, or in prison >am binde." p. 211.
Grower describes the amorous Perithous and Ipotasie as having drunk
" Of lust that ilke firie fonke." Conf. Am. lib. vi.
3 " Furgone for an ouyn, iiavldrec." PALSO. Cotgrave gives " Fourgon, an oven-
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
183
UG. in ruo, vertibulum, CATH.
arpagio. Vide alia in FYRE
FORKE.
FURRODE (furryd, K.) Furratus.
FURRYN' wythe furre. Furro,
penulo, KYLW.
FURRYNGE. Furratura (pelli-
catura, K.)
FURLONGE. Stadium.
FURMENTY, potage. Fmmenti-
cium.
FURNEYS. Furnus, fornax, CATH.
fornacula, KYLW.
FURST, or fyrst. Primus.
FURST BEGOTON'. Primogenitus.
FURSTE fnite, or fruce. Primicie.
FURWRE, or furrure (furre, K.
furwur, H. furrour, or fnvringe,
p.) Penula, Dice, furratura,
CATH.
FUSTYAN, clothe (or fusteyn, H. p.)
Furesticus, Dice.
FUTE, odowre.1 Odor, vel odos,
olfactus.
GABBAR (or lyare, infra.)* Men-
daculus, mendacula, mendax.
GABYL, or gable, pykyd walle.3
Mums conalis (gaby 11 wall, or
pyke wall, murustenalis, p.)
GABBYN'. Menticulor, mencior.
GABBYNGE, or lesynge (lye, p.)4
Mendacium, mendaciolum, CATH.
forke, tearmed in Lincolnshire a fruggin," &c. This word is still in use in the North.
See Brockett, v. fruggan. " A frugon, verlibvlnm, pala,furcaferrea." CATH. ANG.
1 The fute is the scent of a fox or beast of chace. Compare FEWTE, vestigium, which
occurs previously. In Will, and Werwolf, when the monster returns to his den and
discovers that the shepherd has carried the child away, he is sore grieved,
" And as J?e best in his bale )>er a-boute wente,
He found }>e feute al fresh where forj> J>e herde
Had bore }>an barn beter it to 3eme.
Wi^tly J>e werwolf ban went bi nose,
Evene to J>e herdes house, and hastely was pare." p. 4.
See also pp. 2, 79 ; Gawayn and the Grene Kny^t, 1 425 ; the Boke of St. Alban's,
and Malory's Morte d'Arthur, B. 18, c. xxi. It seems probable that the term feuterer
may be hence derived ; but the Glossarists have supposed it to be a corruption of vaultriert
a keeper of the dog called in French " vaultre, a mongrel between a hound and a
maistiffe; fit for the chase of wild bears and boars." COTGR. Bp. Kennett notices the
term in his glossarial coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 : "A feuterer, a dog-keeper; the word is
corrupted from vautrier, Fr. vaiUtrier, Lat. veltrarius, one that leads a lime-hound, or
grey-hound for the chace." In a vocabularly written in the latter part of the XV th cent.
Harl. MS. 1002, f. 142, after " " haywarde, parcare," &c. occurs " Federarius, a fewterer."
Nares cites several passages in which this term is used.
2 Sir John Maundevile, speaking of false diamonds, says, " I schal speke a litille more
of the dyamandes, alle thoughe I tarye my matere for a tyme, to the ende that thei that
knowen hem not be not disceyved be gabberes (Fr. larratours) that gon be the contree,
that sellen hem."
3 " A gavelle of a howse, frontispicium." CATH. ANG. Rob. of Glouc. uses the word
gable in the sense of high. See Bp. Kennett's Glossary, v. Gabulum.
4 In Wickliffe's Confession given by Knyghton, he declared respecting the real presence,
that " before the fende fader of leayngus was lowside, was never this gabbyng contryvede."
Decem Script, col. 2650. Ang.-Sax. gabbung, derisio, or delusion by way of mockery
and jesting.
184
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GAD, or gode (gadde or qhyp, H.
whyppe, P.) Gerusa, KYLW.
scutica, c. F.
GAD, to mete wythe londe (gadde,
or rodde, P.) Decempeda, CATH.
pertica, c. F.
(GADERYD, K. Congregatus.)
GADERYN'. Colligo, lego. Ver-
sus. Fur legit es, flores virgo,
viator iter.
GADERYN' tresowre. Thesaurizo,
CATH.
GADERYNGE to-gedur. Colleccio,
congregacio.
GAGELYN', or cryyn' as
Clingo.
GAGELYNGE of geese, or of gan-
ders. Drancitus (dracticus, p.)
GAGGYN', or streyne be the ]>rote.
Suffoco.
GAY. Ornatus.
GAYLER, or iaylere. Gaolarius,
carcerarius, CATH. pretor.
GALACHE, or galoche, vndyr sol-
ynge of mannys fote (galegge,
or galoch, s. vndirshone, K.
vnderschoyinge, H.)1 Crepitwn,
crepita, c. F. obstringillus, CATH.
1 Sunt obstringilli qui per plantas consuti sunt, et ex superior! parte corrigid con-
trahuntur." CATH. The galache was a sort of patten fastened to the foot by cross
latch ets, and worn by men as early as the time of Edw. III. Allusion is made to it by
Chaucer,
" Ne were worthy to unbocle his galoche." Squire's Tale, 10,869.
In the inventory of the effects of Henry V. taken A.D. 1423, mention occurs of "j peir
de galages faitz cTestreyn, w d. ; " but it is not easy to understand how straw should be
a proper material for the purpose. See Rot. Parl. iv. 329. In Sir John Howard's
Household Book, A.D. 1465, p. 314, are named both galaches and pynsons, which
last are in the Promptorium explained to be socks. See Household Expenses in England.
This kind of shoe was occasionally an article of luxury and ostentatious display, which
probably suggested the allusion that occurs in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, where one
is described as coming eagerly, as if to be dubbed a knight,
" To geten hym gilte spores,
Or galoches y-couped." line 12,099.
The term " y-couped " seems to imply the extravagant fashion of the long-peaked toe :
" Milieus, a coppid shoo." ORTUS. In the reign of Edward IV. a statute was passed, by
which the higher classes alone were permitted to wear shoes, " galoges" or boots, with a
peak longer than 2 inches (Rot. Parl. v. 505, 566; Stat. of Realm, n. 415); but, from
certain allusions in ancient romance, it would seem that the fashion was, by the usage of
a much earlier period, permitted to none under the degree of a knight. See Sir Degore,
700; Torrent of Portugal, 1193, &c. The curious drawings in Cott. MS. Julius, E. iv.
(t. Hen. VI.), one of which, representing King John, has been given in Shaw's Dresses,
exhibit the galache in its most extravagant form. " Solea, a shoe called a galage or
paten, whiche hathe nothynge on the fete, but onely lachettes." ELYOT. " Gfallozza,
a kind of wooden patins, startops, gallages, or stilts. Cospi, wooden pattins, or pan-
tones, shoes with wooden soles, startops or galages," &c. FLORID. " Galoche, a
woodden shoe or patten made all of a peece, without any latchet or ty of leather, and
worne by the poore clowne in winter." COTG. See Spenser, Sheph. Cal. Febr. and
Sept. In the Wardrobe Book of Prince Henry, A.D. 1607, are mentioned " 1 pair of
golossians, 6s. 16 gold buckles with pendants and toungs to buckle a pair of golosses."
Archseol. xi. 93.
PHOMPTORIUM PARVULOEUM.
185
GALAWTE.* Lessivus.
GALLE of a beeste. Fel, bilis, CATH.
GALLE of appulle, or o]>er frnte
(galle, oke appyll, P.) Galla.
GALLE, soore yn maim' or beeste.
Strumus, marista, c. F.
GALEYE, schyppe. Galea.
GALYN, as crowys or rokys.2
Crocito, KYLW. crosco.
(GALYNGALE, idem quod GANYN-
GALE, infra,)
GALLYD (gaily, s.) Strumosus.
GALLYN, or make gallyd. Strumo.
GALLYNGE. Strumositas.
(GALLOCHE, supra in GALACHE.
Callopedium, p.)
GALONE, mesure. Lagena, galo,
DICC.
GALWE TREES (galowe, P.) Furce,
plur. vel furca, galofurcium,
KYLW.
GALTE (or gylte) swyne. Ne-
frendus, CATH.
GAME, pley. Ludus,jocus.
GAMME of songe. Gamma.
GANYNGE, or janynge.3 Oscita-
tus, KYLW.
GANDYR, byrde or fowl. Ancer.
GANYNGALE, or galyngale, spyce.4
Galanga.
GANNEKER (ganokyr, s.)5 Ga-
nearia, U.G. in capio, ganeo, UG.
1 This word occurs in the Harl. MS. alone, and possibly the correct reading may
be GALAWNTE. " Gallaunt, a man fresshe in appareyle." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. gal,
UUdiiLosus. For lessivus should probably be read lasciwus, i. e. " petulans^ luxurians, vel
superle se agens, ioly or wanton." ORTUS.
2 By Chaucer the nightingale is said to "cry and gale," Court of Love, 1357; in
which sense the word may be derived from the Ang.-Sax. galan, canere. Jamiesou
gives to gale, or gail, to cry with a harsh note, a term applied to the cuckoo; and to
galyie, to roar or brawl. According to Forby, to yawl signifies, in Norfolk, to scream
harshly, as the cry of a peacock; and Moore gives yalen, to cry as a fretful child.
"Japper, to bark or baye like a dog, to yiwle, to bawle. Houaller, to yawl, wawl, to
cry out aloud. Moiianer, to mawle, yawle, or cry like a little child." COTG. Ang.-Sax.
gyllan, giellan, stridere.
3 " To gnne,fatiscere, hiare, inhiscere. To gayne, oscitare.'" CATH. ANG. " I gane, or
gape, I yane, ie laille. He ganeth as he had not slepte ynoughe." PALSG. Ang.-Sax.
ganung, oscitatio. In, the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth the verb to galp occurs, " Par trop
miller horn laille, galpeb." See also the Vis. of P. Ploughm. 8,214; Cant. Tales, 10,664,
16,984. Herman renders "he that galpeth, oscitans."
4 Among the spices used in ancient cookery, the powder of galingale is frequently
named, as may be seen in the Forme of Cury. It was the chief ingredient in galen-
tine, which, as Pegge supposes, derived thence its name. It was also employed in medi-
cine, as a cardiac and cephalic. In the version of Macer's Treatise on Spices, MS. in the
possession of Hugh W. Diamond, Esq. it is stated that " Galyngale resoluej? J>e fleume of
J?e stomak; hit helpij> be deiestione; it dob amende be sauour and odour of be mouthe if
it be eten." He further attributes to it virtues of a carminative and aphrodisiac nature.
It occurs among spices mentioned in the Household Roll of the Countess of Leicester,
A.D. 1265 ; "pro vj lib. Galingalium, ix. s.1' (Manners and Expenses of England, p. 14.)
Chaucer makes allusion to its culinary use, Cant. Tales, 383. The annual provision of
spices for the household of the Earl of Northumberland, A.D. 1512, comprised " Ga-
l.vngga, j quarteron." According to Parkinson, the real galingale was the root of a
Chinese plant, of which he gives a representation; but it appears that the root of the rush
called English galingale, Cyperus IOIKJUS, Linn, was much used in place of it, both as a
drug and a condiment.
5 Gaiteo is explained by Ducange to signify " gulosus, popinator, tabernio;'1'1 in
CAMD. SOC. 2 B
186
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULOHUM.
GANTE, byrde.1 Bistarda, c. F.
GAP of a walle. Intervallum,
inter capedo, UG. in valeo, et
OATH, capedo, c. F.
GAPYN'. Hio, oscito, UG.
GAPYNGE, Hiatus, hiacio.
GARBAGE of fowls (or gyseme,
infra.} Entera, NECC, vel en-
tei'ia, c. F. vel exta, NECC. c. F\
profectum, UG. v.
GAGE, lytylle belle(lytyll bolle, s.)2
GAARCE. Scarificado, NECC.
sesura, c. F. inscisio, sdssura.
GAARCYD.
GAARCYN'.S
et KYLW.
GARCYNGE.
GARDEYNE.
Scarificatus, inscissus.
Scarifico, c. F. UG. v.
Scarificacio, inscisio.
Ortus.
GARDENERE. Ortolanus.
(GARDERE, infra in GARTERE.)
GARFANGYL, or elger.4 Anguil-
laria, anguillare.
GARFYSCHE (or hornkeke, infra.')5
GARGULYE, yn' a walle.6 Gor-
gona, c. F. gurgulio (gargulio,
*•)
French, "ganeon; ivrogue, debauchL"" ROQUEF. The Proclamation of the Mayor of Nor-
wich, on coming into office, set forth " that all Brewsters and Gannokers selle a gallon
ale, of the best, be measure a-selyd, for Id. ob. and a galon of the next for Irf." A.D.
1424. Blomf. ii. 100.
1 The bird now called gannet, or Solan goose, sulu alba, abounds only on the Bass
Island, in the Firth of Forth. In the Exch. Roll of Normandy, A.D. 1180, p. 57, an
entry occurs "pro pastil gantarum que venerunt de Anglid, et pro Ix. de illis ducendis
ad Argentomum, et Ix. ad Burum^vi li. iij so. et ixd." Giraldus mentions the GANTE
among the birds of Ireland ; " Aucce minores albce (qiice et gantes dicuntur) et gregatim in
multitudine magna, et garrula venire solent, in hos terrarum fines rarius adveniunt, et
tune valde rare." Top. Hib. i. c. 18. Ang.-Sax. ganot, fulica.
2 The reading of the "Winchester MS. is probably here correct. In Norfolk a gage is,
according to Forby, a bowl or tub to receive the cream, as it is successively skimmed off;
so called, as he observes, from its use as a gauge, to show when a sufficient quantity has
been collected to be churned. The word does not occur in the other MSS.
3 In a treatise of the seasons, printed with Arnold's Chron. p. 172, it is recommended
that in winter " men shulde lete them bloode in ther bodys by garsinge, but not on veynes,
but if it be the more nede ;" meaning the operation of cupping^called in the Promp-
torium BOYSTON'. " To garse, tearifeare.'" CATH. ANG. " Caesura, a cut, a garse, an
incision." ELYOT.
4 The term ANGYLLE, to take wythe fysche, meaning a fishing rod, has occurred already,
as also ELYER, or elger, which appears to be an eel-spear. " Contus, an algere, a shaft, a
dartt, a polloure. Fuscina, a hoke for fysshe, an algere." MED. MS. CANT. The
word GARFANGYL seems wholly obsolete ; possibly the first syllable may be traced to
Ang.-Sax. gar, jamilum, or the implement may be a kind of spear used in taking the
GAHFYSCHE.
5 Sir T. Brown, in his account of the fishes of the Norfolk coast, mentions the gar-
fish, or greenback (Esox lelone, Linn.) Harrison mentions it among fish usually taken ;
" Of the long sort are congers, eeles, garefish, and such other of that forme." Descr.
of England, Holinsh. Chron. i. 224. ' Trompette, the needle-fish, garre-fish, horne-beake,
horne-fish, or piper-fish. Aiguille, a horne-backe, piper-fish, or gane-fish. Esguille,
a small fish called a horne-beake, snacot-fish, gane-fish. Orphie, the horne-kecke,
piper-fish, garre-fish." COTG. The appellation is doubtless taken from its peculiar
form ; Ang.-Sax. gar, jaculum. Jamieson states that at Dundee the porpoise is called
sh.
Will, of Wore, uses the term gargyle; Itin. p. 282. This appellation of the
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 187
GARYTTE, hey solere.1 Specula, I GARMENT of grete valure (or
c. F. pergamium, UG. in gamio. \ robe, P.) Mutatorium, CATH.
GARLEKKE. Allium. GARMENT of clothe, made of dyuers
GARLONDE. Sertum.
GARMENTE. Indumentum, vesti-
mentum.
clothys (colours. P.) Panucia,c.v.
GARNYSCHE of vesselle (garniche,
K.)2 Garnitum.
quaintly-fashioned water-spouts in the forms of men or monsters with yawning mouths,
of which medieval architecture presents so endless a variety, is taken from the French.
" Gargyle in a wall, gargoille." PALSG. See also Roquefort, v. Gargoile. Herman says,
" Make me a trusse standing out upon gargellys, that I may se about : podium, sug-
gestum, vel pulpitum, quod miitulis innitatur. I wyll haue gargyllis under the beamys
heedis : mutulos, sive proceres, <fcc." Elyot renders " J "rumen, the vppermoste parte of the
throte, the gargyll." A remarkable application of the gargoyle in architecture occurs on
the south side of Notre Dame, at Paris ; all the piscinas of the apsidal chapels surround-
ing the choir of that side being furnished with external gargoyles, which are fashioned
like the upper parts of a lion, or dragon, and answer the purpose of the ordinary interior
drains, which served to allow the water used in ablutions at the altar to pass into the
earth. Their date is of the XHIth cent, and nothing of a similar kind has been noticed
in this country.
1 In the Creed of Piers Ploughman is a curious and graphic description of a monas-
tery, with its numerous and stately buildings,
" With gaye garites and grete,
And iche hole y-glased." line 425.
A GA.RYTTE was, in the original sense of the term, a watch tower, or look-out, on the roof
of a house, or castle wall, called garita, in French guerite. In the version of Vegecius,
Roy. MS. 18 A. xn. it is said of the defence of a camp, and keeping watch by night, " it
is nat possible algate to haue highe garettes, or toures, or high places for watche men,
therfor it nedethe to haue out watche." B. iii. c. 8. Caxton, in the Book for Travellers,
says " of thinges that ben vsed after the hous, — hit behoueth to the chambres, loftes, and
garettis, solliers, greniers." Cotgrave explains garitte, or guerite, to be a place of refuge
from surprise, made in a rampart; a sentry, or watch-tower; and " tourel a cut de
lampe, a small out-juttyng garret, or tower like a garret, on the top ofawalle." See
SOLERE hereafter.
2 A garnish signified commonly the set or service of pewter, and likewise, in more
stately establishments, of more precious material. Previously to the introduction of fictile
ware of an ornamental description in the latter part of the XVIth cent, the ordinary ser-
vice of the tables of our ancestors was on vessels of pewter, the silver plate being for the
most part reserved to decorate the cupboard, or buffet. Harrison, in his description of
Eng. written about 1580, speaking of the great skill to which English pewterers had
attained, says, " Such furniture of household of this mettall, as we commonlie call by the
name of vessell, is sold usuallie by the garnish, which dooth conteine 12 platters, 12 dishes,
12 saucers, and those are either of siluer fashion, or else with brode or narrow brims, and
bought by the pound, which is now valued at six or seuen pence, or peraduenture at
eight pence. In some places beyond the sea a garnish of good flat English pewter of an
ordinarie making, ... is esteemed almost so pretious as the like number of vessels that
are made of fine siluer, and in maner no less desired, amongst the great estates, whose
workmen are nothing so skillful in that trade as ours.1" Holirsh. Chron. i. 237. In the
inventory of the college of Bishop Auckland, A.D. 1498, the silver plate having been
described, there are enumerated " xx pewder platers, xij powder dishes, viij sailers,
j garnisho of vessel!*" Wills and Inv. (Suit. Sue. i. 101.
188
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GARNYSCHYD. Garnitus.
GARNYSCHYN' vesselle. Garnio,
garniso, polio.
GARNYSCHYN pursys, and oper
lyke.
GARSONE, stronge place (gary-
zone, or garzone, strong holde,
H. garyson, or garson, p.) Mu-
nicipium, c. F.
GARTERE, or gardere. Subligar,
c. P. pelliper, CATH.
GARTERYN'. Subligo (obligo, K.)
GARWYNDYLLE (garwyndyl, or
jarnwyndyl, s. garwyngyll, p.)1
Girgillus, CATH.
GASPYN'. Exalo, hisco, c. F.
GASPYNGE, idem quod GAPYNGE,
supra.
GATE, or wey. Fza, Her.
GATE, or 3ate (yate, p.) Porta,
foris, fores, CATH. (janua, p.)
GATE DOWNE. Descensus.
GATE DOWNE, or downe gate of ]?e
sunne, or any ober planete.2
Occasus.
GATE SCHADYLLE (gateshodel,
K. H. gate shodil, p.) Compitum,
c. F. clinium, UG. in clino.
GATE SCHADYL, yn-to twey weyys.
Bivium.
GATE SCHADYL, yn-to iij. weyys.
Trivium.
GATE SCHADYL, yn-to iiij. weyys
(or a carphax, H. p.)3 Quadri-
vium.
GAWDE, or iape.4 Nuga.
1 A gyms dicitur gyrgillus^ instrumenium feminewn, quod olio nomine dicitur volutorium,
quia vertendo in gyrum inde fila devolvuntur, Filum de colo ducitur in fusum ; a fiiso in
alabrum,) vel traductorium ; ab alabro in gyrgillum vel devolutorium ; a gyrgillo in glomi-
cellum" CATH. " Girgillum, Anglice a haspe, or a payre of yerne wyndle blades."
ORTUS. "A garwyndolle, devolutorium, gi.ryilhis.'1'' CATH. ANG. " Yarne wyndell,
tornette.'1'' PALSG. " Taurnette, a rice, or yarwingle to wind yarne on. Travouil, a rice
or a turning reele." COTG. See 3ARNE WYNDEL.
2 Palsgrave gives " At the sonne gate downe, sur le soleil couchant."
" A gateschadylle, bivium, diversiclivium compitum.'1'' CATH. ANG. From the Ang.-
Sax. sceadan, separare, is derived the obsolete verb to shed ; " Discrimino, to shedde
and departe." MED. MS. CANT. " To shede one's heed, parte the heares euyn
from the crowne to the myddes of the foreheed." PALSG. Chaucer says of the Clerk
Absolon,
" Full straight and euyn lay his jolly shode." Miller's Tale.
Hence also seems to be taken the term GATE SCHADYLLE, the division of a road into two
or more directions. It appears to be wholly obsolete, and unnoticed by the Glossarists.
See Carfax (cartehouse, MS.) above, p. 62.
4 In the Romance of the Seuyn Sages, the Emperor had given ear to the false ac-
cusation brought against Florentine by his step- mother ; but the truth was at length made
known.
" A ! Dame, said the Emperowre,
Thou haues ben a fals gilowre,
For thi gaudes, and thy gilry,
I gif this dome that thou sal dy." line 3957.
Mr. Weber has printed the word here gande, to which he gives the sense of a wile or
mischievous design. Minot, in his poem on the Battle of Halidon Hill, says,
" The Scottes gaudes might nothing gain."
Chaucer uses the word in the signification of a trick, or joke. See Pardonere's Tale,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
189
GAWDY grene. Subviridis.
GAVEL of corne.1 Geluma, ma-
nipulatum, c. F. manipulare,
CATH. merges, KYLW.
GAVELYN' corne, or oper lyke.
Manipulo, CATH. mergito,
KYLW.
GAWGYN' depnesse. Dimentior,
CATH.
GAWGYNGE of depenesse. Di-
mencionatus.
GAWL, fowayle (gavl, or gawyl,
wode or fowayl, H. p.)2 Mirtus,
CATH.
GAWNCELY, sauce (f)or
flesche (gawnsely, saunce, K.
gavcely, s. gawnly, p.)3 Ap-
lauda, KYLW.
GAWNT, or lene. Maciolentus,
(macer, p.)
GAWNTE, or swonge (or slendyr,
K.)4 Gracilis.
GEAWNT. Gigas.
GEFFREY, propyr name. Gal-
fridus.
GEYNE, redy, or rythge forthe
(ryjht forth, s.)5 Directus.
GEYNEBYYN', or byyn' a-3ene.6
Redimo.
GEYNECOWPYN', or chasyn', or
12,323, and Troil. B. ii. It implies also an ornament or toy of little value. Sherwood
gives " a gaude, labiate," which Cotgrave renders " a trifle, whimwham, guigaw, or small J
toy for a child to play withal/' See Jamieson, and Nares, v. Gaud.
1 To gavel signifies in Norfolk, according to Forby, to collect mown corn into heaps, in
order to its being loaded. '* laveler, to swathe or gavell corn ; to make it into sheaves,
or gavels." COTG. Moore gives the word likewise as used in Suffolk.
2 The Myrica gale Linn, sweet gale, or bog myrtle, grows in boggy places in many
parts of England, and before drainage had been carried to any extent in the fenny
Eastern counties, it was probably found in sufficient abundance to be commonly used
as fuel. Gerarde says that the Myrtus Brabanticus, gaule, sweet willow, or Dutch
myrtle, grows plentifully in sundry places, as in the Isle of Ely, and the fenny places
thereabouts ; " whereof there is such store in that countrey, that they make fagots of it,
and sheaues, which they call Gaule sheaues, to burn and heat their ovens." He men-
tions also that it was used to give an intoxicating quality to beer or ale, as it is still
employed in Sweden.
3 " Gaunselle, applauda."" CATH. ANG. The composition of this sauce is thus given
in Arund. MS. 344 ; printed in Household Ordin. 441 ; and Warner's Cookery, 65.
" Gaunsell for gese. Take floure, and tempur hit with gode cowe mylke, and make hit
thynne, and colour hit with saffron ; and take garlek, and stamp hit, and do thereto, and
boyle hit, and sew hit forthe." Caxton says, in the Book of Travellers, " Nycholas the
mustard maker hath good vynegre, good gauselyn, ffausailliede." The term is evidently
derived from " gausse (Vail, a clove of garlick." COTG. The Ortus explains " applauda
vel appluda, dicitur sorbitiuncula ex paleis facta, (a gaunselle," MED.) This Latin word
properly means chaff of corn, or husks, but here is taken in reference to the goutses, or
husk-like covering of the garlic.
4 Ray mentions gant, slim or slender, among South and East country words. Forby
gives ganty-gutted, lean and lanky ; and Moore says that gant signifies scanty in Suffolk.
Ang.-Sax. gewant, part, of the verb gewanian, tabescere. See SWONGE hereafter.
5 In the Eastern counties gain signifies handy, convenient or desirable, and in the
North near, as " the gainest road," which seems most nearly to resemble the sense here
given to the word. See Brockett, Jamieson, and Hartshorne's Glossary.
6 In the later Wicliffite version Exod. vi. 6 is thus rendered ; " y am J?e lord >at
190
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
stoppyn' in gate (geynstoppyn
of gate, K. H. geyne cowpyn,
or charyn, s.)1 Sisto, CATH.
GELDERE of beestys. Castrator.
GELDYN'. Castro, testiculo, CATH.
emasculo, CATH.
GELDYNGE of beestys, or fowlys.
Castracio.
GELDYNGE, or gelde horse (gelt
horse, K. p.) Canterius, CATH.
canterinus, UG. in cavo, et c. F.
vel equus castratus.
Hie caute attendat lector varia-
ciones soni hujus litere G. cum
videlicet E. vel I. sequitur im-
mediata.
GELLE, or gelly. Gelidum, c. F.
(congelidum. P.)
GELLYN, or congellyn' (to-gedyr,
K.) Gelat, congelat.
GELLYD (or congellyd, K.) Con-
gellatus.
GELOWS, or geluce. Zelotipus,
CATH.
GELUSYE (gelowsye, K,) Zelo-
tipia, CATH.
GELT. Castratus.
GELT MANN. Spado, eunuchus.
GEMETRYE. Geometria.
GENCYANE, or baldmony. Gen-
ciana.
GENDYR. Genus.
GENDRYN'. Genero, gigno.
(GENERAL, K. s. p.) Gen(er)alis.
GENTYL. Genero sus.
GENTYL, of awncetrye (of an-
sware, s.)2 Ingenuus, c. F.
GENTYL,and curteyse. Comis. CATH.
GENT YLM ANN. Generosus.
GENTILWOMAN. Generosa.
GENTYL, be fadyr and modyr.
Ingenuus, UG. v. in N.
GENTRY. Generositas.
GENTRY, of norture and manners
(gentilnes, K. gentyll, p.) Co-
mitas.
GENTRY, of awncetrye (gentilnes,
K. gentry of awncetrye, P.) In-
genuitas.
GERFAUCUN (gerfawkyn, K. p.)
Herodius.
GERMAWNDER, herbe. German-
dra.
GERMYYNE, propyr name. Ger-
manus.
GERNERE, howse of come kepynge.
Granarium.
GERTHE, hors gyrdylle (hors
gyrdynge, H.P.) Cingula, CATH.
cingulus est hominum, UG.
GESSARE (or a soposare, K.) Es-
timator.
GESSYN', or amyn. Estimo, ar-
bitror, opinor.
GESSYNGE (or wenyn, K.) Esti-
macio.
schal lede out 3011 of \>Q prisoun of Egipcians, and y schal delyuere fro seruage, and y
schal a-3en bie in an hi3 arm ;" in the earlier, " forbigge in an ouerpassynge arme ;"
" red-imam in branchic excelso." Vulg. In the Golden Legend it is said, " We have grete
nede of a doctour, or techer, or ayenbyer, or a delyuerer," &c. Compare A-GAYN-BYER,
or a raumsomere, and BYYN' a-3en'.
1 Compare CHARYN, or geynecowpyn'. Ray gives among South and East country
words, " to gaincope, to go cross a field the nearest way to meet with something." In
the Promptorium it signifies opposition, in both instances from Ang.-Sax. Sean, obviam,
adversus, and ceapian, negotiari.
2 GENTYL, or awncetrye, MS. of auncetry, K. p. So also, GENTRY, or awncetrye, MS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
191
Nota in hoc capitulo multiplicem
sonum, et soni mutacionem
hujus liter e G. et ideo bene
caveas quod sonat per I. literam.
GEST, strawngere. Hospes.
GEESTE, or romawnce. Gestio
(gestus, OATH, p.)
GESTYN' yn romawnce.1 Gestio,
CATH.
GESTYNGE, or romawncynge. Ges-
ticulatus, rythmicatus.
GESTOWRE. Gesticulator.
GET, or gyn' (gett, or gyle, K.
gette, or gyty, s.) Machina.
GET, or maner of custome.2 Mo-
dus, consuetudo.
GEETE, or blake bedys (gett for
bedys, K. s. p.)3 Gagates, plur.
1 It would hence appear that the recital of gests, the deeds of conflict or gallantry,
which was the proper business of the gestour, was accompanied by appropriate action,
or gesticulation. " Gestire, i. gestus facere, scilicet diversis modis agitare, gaudere,
luxuriari, <kc." CATH. Hearne stated erroneously that gests were opposed to romance,
Chron. Langt. pref. p. 37 ; a mistake which Warton has properly corrected. Chaucer
uses "to geste," to relate gests; and " to tell in gests;" Cant. T. 17,354, 13,861;
and these passages apparently imply that gests were chiefly written in alliterative
verse. He calls the Oesta JRomanorum, "the Remain gestes." See Tyrwhitt's notes
on Cant. T. 17,354, 13,775, and Warton's Eng. Poetry. " Gest, a tale. Gestyng,
bourde, bourde.^ PALSG.
2 Palsgrave gives " gette, a custome; newe iette, guise nouvelle.'* This phrase occurs
often in the old writers. In a poem on the dissolute lives of the clergy, in the reign of
Edw. II. Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, p. 329, some, it is said,
" Adihteth him a gay wenche of the newe jet." line 118.
" Yit a poynte of the new gett to telle wille I not blyn,
Of prankyd gownes, and shulders up set, mos and flokkes sewyd wyth in."
Towneley Myst. 312.
Chaucer says the gay pardoner thought he rode " al of the newe get," or fashion ; and he
also uses the word in the sense of crafty contrivance, where he relates the deceit practised
by the Alchemist, by means of a stick filled with silver filings.
" And with his stikke above the crosselet,
That was ordained with that false get,
He stirreth the coles." Chan. Yem. T. 16,745.
3 It appears that in former times great virtues were attributed to jet. Alex. Nec-
cham, Abbot of Cirencester, who died A.D. 1217, says in his work De Rerum Natura,
" Gagates . . . aqua ardet, oleo restinguitur: attritu calefactus applicata detinet, atque
succinum: ydropicis ilium portantibus beneficium prestat." lib. ii. c. 97, Roy. MS. 12 G.
XI. f. 53. The observation of the electric properties of this mineral led him in the
succeeding chapter to make some detailed remarks " de vi attractiva," among which
will be found a notice of the use of the magnet by mariners. In Trevisa's version of
Barth. de propr. rerum, are the following observations: "Gette hyghc gagates, and
is a boystous stone, and neuer the less it is precious." It is best and most abundant
in Britain, of two kinds, yellow and black, both of which have by friction the power of
attracting light substances. It drives away adders, relieves fantasies, and has virtues
against the visits of fiends by night. " And so if so boystus a stone dothe so greate
wonders, none shuld be dispisid for foule colour without, while the vertu that is hid
within is vnknowe." lib. xvi. c. 49. It was also regarded as a test of virginity, and
rendering signal aid in parturition ; these, and other properties, are noticed in Caxton's
" Boke callid Caton," sign, e, viij. Even in the XVIth cent, it was valued for certain
medicinal qualities; for Dr. Turner, Dean of Wells, says in his Herbal, 1562, " Miscel
192
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GETARE of gooclys. Adqui-
sitor.
GETTARE.! Gestulator, gestu-
osus (gesticulator, K. H. P.)
GETEE of a solere (gete, K. H. p.)2
Techa, procer, c. F. meniana,
c. F. vel menianum, CATH. (liec-
theca, K. theca, CATH. P.)
GETYN', or haue be pray ere. Im~
petro.
GETYN or wynnyn'. Lucror, ob-
tineo, c. F. vel optineo, c. F.
(GETYN, or begetyn, K. p. Genero.}
GETTYN'.S Verno, lassivo, ges-
ticulo, c. F. gestio, CATH. c. F.
gesticulor, UG. v.
GETYNGE, or hauynge by wyn-
nynge. Lucrum, adquisicio.
GETTYNGE in iolyte. Gestus, CATH.
GETTYNGLY. Gestuose, CATH.
(GIAWANT, supra in GEAWNT, K.)
GYBBE, horse.4 Mandicus, KYLW.
et c. F. mandicum, UG. in
mando (manducus, s.)
burde lyme melteth a swelled milt, if it be sodden, and layd to wyth a gete stone, or the
Asiane stone.'' Beads, used for the repetition of prayers, were frequently formed of this
material ; thus among the gifts of Philip le Hardi to his daughter, on her marriage with
the King of Bohemia, A.D. 1393, occurs, " Item, j paler itostres de perles et de jayet^
ou il y a xxxvj grosses perles, et ix enseignaulx (Tor." Hist, de Bourg. iii. Alianor Duchess
of Gloucester bequeaths. A.D. 1399, " un pare de paternostres d'ore, conC xxx amez, et
iiij gaudes de (jet, qe fuerent a mon seignour et man." Royal Wills. See also Testam.
Ebor. i. 381. There is evidence that by some persons such beads were superstitiously
regarded as gifted with extraordinary virtue; and to this belief Bp. Bale appears to make
allusion, Kynge Johan, p. 39.
" Holy water and bredde shall dryve awaye the devyll;
Blessynges with blacke bedes wyll helpe in every evyll."
1 Palsgrave gives " Gettar, a braggar, fringuereau. lettar, a facer, facer, braggart.
lettar of nyght season, brigveur;" and Cotgrave, "Fringuereau, a ietter, spruce minion,
gay fellow, compt youth." Compare hereafter SCHAKERE, or gettare : lascivus,
2 This term denotes the singular projection of the solars or upper stories in old timbered
houses, of which most picturesque specimens are still ?een at Chester, and other towns.
" Proceres dicuntur capita trabium que eminent extra parietes. Hecteca dicitur sola-
rium dcpendens parietibus cenaculi." ORTUS. The Catholicon explains menianum
to be the same as solarium, so named from Menianus, who made in the Forum
certain convenient places for beholding public spectacles. " Meniana, buildings out-
ward in prospectes and galeries, especially when they be so builded that the edifice
iutteth out in length from the piller or other part of the house, wherin the building
especially resteth ; buildings of pleasure hanging and iutting out." COOPER. Herman
says that " buyldynge chargydde with iotyes (mceniana atdificia) is parellous whan it is
very olde." In Macbeth, act I. sc. vi. Shakespeare makes use of the term " jutty "
in this sense, where Banquo commends the position of Macbeth's castle. Florio, in his
Ital. Diet. 1598, gives " Barlacane, an outnooke, or corner standing out of a house, a
jettie. Sporto, a porch, bay-window, or out-butting, or jettie of a house, that jetties
out farther than anie other part of the house." Cotgrave renders tf surj)endne, a iettie,
an outiutting roome. Soupendue, sonpente, a pent-house, iuttie, or part of a building
that iuttieth or leaneth ouer the rest." Steevens cites an agreement made by P. Hens-
lowe for building a theatre in 1599, with " a juttey forwards in eyther of the two upper
stories "
3 See IEKTYN, horeafter.
4 Festus and Papias state that certain monstrous images that were exhibited in the
games of the circus, or on the stage, were termed by the Romans manduci. Cooper
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
193
(GYEBE, infra in KNOBBE yn a
beestys backe or breste.)1
GYBELET, idem quod GARBAGE.
GYBELET of fowlys. Profectum,
UG. v.
GYBET. Patibulum, calafurcium.
GYBONN, or Gylberde, propyr
name (Gybbon', or Gylbert, s.)
Gilbertus.
GYDE, or ledare. Ductor, duc-
trix.
GYBELOT (gyglot, s.)2 Ridax.
GYYLDE, or newe ale (gile, K.
gyyl, H. gyle of nw ale, s. gyle,
p.)3 Celium, vel celia, c. F.
GYYLDE. Gilda, fraternitas.
GYLDE HALLE, dome liowse.
Pretorium, CATH.
GYLDYN' wythe golde. Deauro.
GYLDYNGE wythe golde. Deau-
racio.
GYYN', or ledyn'. Duco.
GYYN', or wyssyn' (dressyn, s.
wysshen, p.)4 Dirigo.
gives " Manduces, images carried in pageantes with great cheekes, wide mouthes, and
making a great noyse with their iawes." The Ortus renders " Mandicus, a gaye
horse;" and Forby gives the following explanation of the term: " Jibby-horse, a
showman's horse decorated with particoloured trappings, plumes, streamers, &c. It
is sometimes transferred to a human subject." In the MS. the word mandicum is
placed under GYBELET ; but its proper place is here. See Uguc. Vocab. Arund. MS.
508, f. 141, b.
1 This word seems to be taken from the Lat. yilbus. " Gibbe, a bunch or swelling,
a hulch, anything that stands poking out." COTO.
2 Compare GYGELO(T) in the next page. The words are retained as found in the MS.
and the reading seems here to be an error, which is corrected by the Winch. MS.
3 Forby gives "gyle, wort. Ang.-Sax. Sylla, stridere, or Teut. ghijl, cremor cere-
visHS' Ray has gail or guile-fat among North Country words, and it is given also by
Brockett and Jamieson. "A gile-fatte, awomellarium." CATH. ANG. In 1341, Thomas
Harpham, of York, bequeaths " unam cunam, quce vocatur maske-fat, et ij parv.is cunas
quce vocantur gyle-fatts." Testam. Ebor. ii. 2. The term occurs repeatedly in the Wills
and Invent, printed by the Surtees Soc. ; and in the Invent, of Jane Hall, Durham,
1567, a distinction is apparent between the " gile howse," and the brew-house, the
former being perhaps the chamber where the wort was set to cool. See vol. i. 279. In
the accounts of the building of Little Saxham Hall, 1507, it is called the " yele-house."
Rokewode's Suff. 146. See Invent, of Sir John Fastolfe's effects, 1459, Arclueol. xxi.
277 ; Unton Invent, pp. 3, 13 ; and Hartshorne's Shropshire Glossary, v. Illfit.
4 In medieval Latin guiare signifies to lead or conduct in safety, to instruct, " quasi
viare," according to Ducange. In the Wardr. Book of 28 Edw. I. there is a payment
" pro vadiis unius Lodmanui conducti pro navi guianda inter Kircudbrith et Karla-
verok.'1'' p. 273. Roquefort gives " guier : mener, guider, conduire a la guerre, gou-
verner." &c. Chaucer uses the verb to gie, Cant. T. 15,604, 15,627. Gower says of
the education of Alexander by Aristotle,
" But yet he set an examplayre,
His body so to guye and rule,
That he ne passe mot the rule." Conf. Am. lib. vii.
See also the Vis. of P. Ploughm. 1257. R. Brunne uses both the verb, and the noun
" gyour," a leader ; and in the Romance of K. Alis. 6023. " divers gyours, and sump-
teris " are mentioned as attending on his Eastern expedition. 4i Commino, to lede, or
to gye." MED. Palsgrave gives the verb, " I gye, or gyde, Lydgate."
CAMl). SOC. 2 C
PROMPTORIUM PARVUL011UM.
GYYN', or rewlyii'. Rego.
GYLE, or deceyte. Fraus, decepcio.
GYLLE, fowle clothe (fulclothe,
n. p.)1 Melota, velmclotes, CATH.
GVI,LE, lytylle pot. Gilla, vel
gillus, vel gillungulus. Hec ha-
bentur in vitis patrum.
GYLLE of a fyschc. Brancliia.
senecia, CATH.
GYLLYN', or gylle fysche. Ex-
entero, c. F. et UG. in stateo.
GYLLYNGE of fysche. Exente-
racio.
GYGELO(T), wenche (gygelot,
wynch, s.)2 Agagula.
GYLLOFRE, herbe. Gariophilus
(galiofolus, s.)
(GYLLOFYR, clowe, K. p. Garie-
pholus.)
GYLTE wythe golde. Deauratus.
GYLTE, swyne, idem quod GALTE,
supra 3
GYLTE, or trespace (gylt, or de-
faute, P.) Culpa, reatus.
GYLTY (or defawty, K. fauty, r.)
Reus, conscius, culpandus (cul-
pabilis, P.)
GYLTLES. Immunis, inculpan-
dus (inculpabilis, P.)
GYMELOT. Penet?-al, UG. v. pe-
netrale, CATH.
GYMOWE, of a sperynge (gymmew,
K. gymew, s. H.)4 Vert(i~)nella,
gemella.
1 The explanation of the word Melotes given in the Catholicon will be found in the
note on the word BARNYSK.YN, which seems to signify a coarse apron.
2 Forby derives the East- Anglian appellation gig, a trifling, flighty fellow, from Ang.
Sax. gegas, nugce. In the North giglet still signifies a laughing girl ; the word occurs
in " the Northern Mother's blessing," in admonition to her daughter,
" Go not to the wrastling, ne shoting the cock,
As it were a strumpet or a giglot."
'* Quo magis fetosa mulier magis luxuriosa, ye fayrare woman ye more gyglott." De
Reg. Gramm. Sloane MS. 1210, f. 134. See Junius, v. Giglet. Compare GYBELOT
above, a word occurring in the Harl. MS. alone, and probably an erroneous reading.
3 " A gilte, suella." CATH. ANG. A gilt, or gaut, signifies in the North a female
pig that has been spayed ; see Grose, Brockett, and Jamieson. Bp. Kennett, in his
glossarial coll. gives " gaits and gilts, boar-pigs and sow-pigs, Bor. from old Dan. gallte,
porous. Sax. gilte, suitta." See Yorksh. Dial. p. 39. Any female swine is called a
gilt in Staff. Lansd. MS. 1033. See Hartshorne's Shropshire Glossary.
4 This word is still used in Norfolk, precisely in the sense that it has here. Forby
gives " Girnmers, small hinges, as those of a box or cabinet, or even of the parlour
door." A sperynge here denotes that by which a place is closed up, as a door or
window, the lid of a chest, &c. The derivation of the word is doubtless from the
French, gemeaux, twins; and the term applies properly not only to a hinge, composed
of two portions, of exactly similar form and size, jointed together, but to anything else
which is formed of twin pieces of like dimension, united in any manner, either as a
hinge or otherwise. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, an expedient is
described, to be used in a besieged fortress, against the battering ram : " Somm hathe
an iren, made as it were a peire tonges, i-iemewde as tonges in the myddes," by which
the head of the ram is seized, and turned aside. B. iv. c. 23. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII.
Among the disbursements for building Little Saxham Hall, A.D. 1507, under smith's
work are mentioned " iij pair of jemews for almerys," or cupboards, as many for portal
doors, and a pair for the buttery windows. Rokewode's History of Suff. pp. 146, 149.
Ray, among N. Country words, gives " Jimmers, jointed hinges, in other parts called
wing-hinges ; " and the term occurs in the Craven dialect, with the observation, that
PROMPTOHIUM PARVULORUM. 195
', idem quod GET, supra.)
GYNGELYN' in sowndynge. Re-
sono, Dice.
GYNGELYNGE of gay barneys, or
o]?er thyngys. Resonancia.
GYNGERE. Zinziber, CATH.
GYPCYERE (gypsere, K. gypcer,
H. p.)2 CassidiU.
GYRDYLLE Zona, cingulum, CATH.
succentorium.
GYRDYN'. Cingo, succingo, CATH.
ubi sic habetur ; accingimur bel-
laturi, precingimur ituri, et
succingimur ministraturi.
GYRDYNGE. Succinctio.
GYSE. Forma, modus.
GYSERNE (of fowles, p.) idem quod
GARBAGE, Supra.
GYSERNE, wepene (wepone, K.
vepne, H.)3 Gesa, CATH.
"being often formed like the letter H, they are called H. jimmers." In the Ortus the
term denotes a pair of forceps, " Vertinella est forceps medici, a sclyce, or a gemowe ; "
and it frequently occurs as the name of a kind of ring formed of two interlinked portions,
which could be united into one connected ring, and frequently used as a token of be-
trothal. See Nares, Brand's Popular Ant. and Archseol. xiv. 7. Palsgrave has " Gymewe
of a gyrdell, crochet d'une troussure. Gymell song , jumeau ; " and Higgins, in his edi-
tion of Huloet's Diet, gives " Gimow (or gemoll) a little rynge to weare on the fynger.
Gimmow (or gemoll) or rynge to hange at one's eare, as the Egyptians have, Stalog-
nium, incmris. Gimmow of a door, Vertibulum, cardo ; le gond d'un kids." " Qtiin-
quaillerie, all kinds of small yron worke, as padlockes, snuffers, gimmers, or hindges
for doors, &c. Alliances, gimmoules, or gimmoule rings. Souvenance, a ring with
many hoops, whereof a man lets one hang down when he would be put in mind of a
thing. Verge, a plain hoope, or gimmall, ring. Membre d'esperon, the gimruew or
ioynt of a spurre." COTG. " Gemmew ring, souve nance." SHERW. " Annulus purus
an hoope ring, a gimmall, a plaine ring without a stone." Junius's Nomenclator, by
Fleming.
1 A gin signifies, according to the old writers, a cunning or deceitful device, and
thence an ingeniously constructed machine of any kind. Chaucer uses the word in both
senses; thus the crafty trick of«the Alchemist, which is termed " a false get," as has been
observed in the note on the word GET, is called also " a false gin." In the Squire's T. it
is related that the magical steed of brass would bear its rider at pleasure,
" And turne again with writhing of a pin ;
He that it wrought, he coude many a gin."
In the Golden Legend, the wiles of Satan are termed " gynnes of temptacyon," Life of
St. Bernard. In the Romance of Coer de Lion warlike machines are termed gins ; as
they are continually in Trevisa's version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. " Trocleay
the gyn whyche is called a crane." ELYOT. See Hartshorne's Shropshire Glossary.
" Exostra, a vice or gin of wood, wherewith such things as are done within, out of sight,
are showed to the beholders by the turning about of wheeles." Junius's Nomenclator,
by Fleming.
2 This word is a corruption of the French " Gibbeciere, a pouch, bag, poake, budget,"
COTG. properly such as was used in hawking, &c. but commonly worn by the merchant, or
with any secular attire. Chaucer says of the Frankelein, or country gentleman,
" An anelace and gipsere all of silke
Hing at his girdle, white as morow milke."
In the Invent, of valuables, the property of Henry V. A.D. 1423, is enumerated "jyijicer
de noier velvet, garniz d'or, pris 60s. 8c^." Rot. Parl. iv. 215.
3 "A gesarne, gesa." CATH. ANG. " Gcsa, gysserne." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. Gesa
96 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GYYSTE, balke.1 Trabes, trabe-
cula, COMM.
Samba, citolla. Dice.
quinterna.
ls, according to the Catholicon, " genus armorum quod Gallice dicitur gisarma,
vel cesa, a ccedendo: et sunt gese vel cese Gallorum, pila Romanorum.'''' In the curious
Dictionary of John de Garlandia, printed in the Collection of documents relating to
French history, Paris, 1837, there is an enumeration of weapons and engines of war,
used at the siege of Toulouse, in 1218 : the writer says that he saw " secures, lipennes,
cathagesa Gallicorum, catheias et pugioues, cum dolonibus, avelancias Anglicomm (anela-
cias, al. MS.) pita Romanorum, <fcc." The MS. at Rouen gives the following reading,
"secures Dachos,jesa Gallicorum." But, although the gisarme seems in these passages
to be appropriated as a Gaulish weapon, Wace, in the Roman de Rou, written about
1160, repeatedly describes the English in Harold's army as armed with sharp gisarmes
and hatchets, whereas their opponents fought with long lances and swords. See lin.
12,908, 12,928, 13,437. It may be observed, however, that on the Bayeux tapestry
the Saxons are represented as combating with the heavy axe, but no weapon appears
which resembles the gisarme. In the Royal mandate, 36 Hen. III. 1252, printed by
Wats at the end of his edition of M. Paris, the sheriffs are commanded to assemble all
persons from the age of 15 to 60, and cause them " jurare ad arma," according to the
amount of their lands and chattels ; those who were rated under 40 shillings land,
or from 40 shillings to 10 marks chattels, " jurati sunt ad falces, gisarmas, cultellos et
alia arma minuta." From this document, and the stat. Wint. 13 Edw. I. c. 6, 1285,
it is apparent that the gisarme was one of the weapons in ordinary use among the inferior
ranks of the English army. See Stat. of Realm, i. 97. A curious description of the
conflict of the King of Nineveh, armed with " gysarme and sweord bothe," occurs in
the Romance of Kyng Alis. line 2302. See also Havelok, 2553 ; Ritson's Metr. Rom. ;
Chaucer, R. of Rose, 5978. The gisarme was used in England as late as the battle of
Flodden, 1513 ; it was of two kinds, according to Sir S. Meyrick, namely, the glaive
gisarme, and the bill gisarme ; the distinctive mark of the weapon being a spike rising at
the back, as may be seen in Grose's Armour, pi. 28, and Skelton's Illustr. of the Armoury
at Goodrich Court, ii. pi. 84, 85.
1 This seems to be the same word which is now written joist, derived from the French
giste, and denoting a beam, so called from gisir, to rest, to lie along, " Gyst that gothe
over the florthe, solive, giste" PALSG. "Trabes, a traJio, quia de und parte parietis ad
uliam trahitur, a beme, or a balke of a house.'1 OUTUS.
2 The gyterne, getron, or cittern, Fr. guiteme, was a stringed instrument, which
seems, from the repeated mention that is made of it by Chaucer, to have been much in
favour, probably as an accompaniment to the voice. In the Lat. Eng. vocabulary, Roy.
MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " giga, getyrne : gigator, getyrner." f. 43, b. Amongst
the curious representations of musical instruments in Sloane MS. 3983, t. Edw. II.
f. 13, the harp is called " giga vel lira," but the same is named " arpes," f. 4, b. ;
with the former tbere is seen an instrument with five strings, and the head recurved,
which perhaps exhibits the form of the gyterne at that early period. In default of any
positive information on the obscure subject of the early history of music, it may be
stated, conjecturaliy, that the gyterne is the instrument which was held in an horizontal
position, and played either by hand or with a plectrum, as may be seen in almost every
representation of the angelic choir, whether in sculpture, painted glass, or illuminated
MSS. The minstrels' gallery on the North side of the nave at Exeter Cath., sculptured
in the reign of Edw. III. may be noticed as a remarkable instance. In Hawkins' Hist,
of Music, iv. 113, a figure is given of the cittern, from Mersennus, Harmonie Univer-
selle, 16o6, which represents an instrument with six strings, differing from the Spanish
guitar in the pear-shaped form of the belly. It was littie esteemed, and chiefly used in
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
197
GvTONE.1 Conscisorium, KYLW.
GYVYS, or feterys of presone
(fettirs of prison, p.) Compes.
GLACYN, or make a by(n)ge to
shyne.2 JPemittdo, polio.
GLACYNGE, or scowrynge of bar-
neys. Pernitidacio, perluci-
dacio.
(GL AS INGE in scornynge, H. p.
Intulacio.}
GLACYNGE, or wronge glydynge
of boltys or arowys (glansyng,
s. glaunsinge of shetinge, P.)
Devolatus.
GLAD, or meiy. Jocundus, letus,
hillaris.
GLAD, and gretely meiy. Jo~
cosus, gaudiosus.
GLADYN', or cheryn'. Hillaro,
exhillaro, letifico.
GLADLY, or blepely.3 Libenter,
hillariter, letanter (voluntarie,
*•)
GLADLY, or ioyfully. Gaudiose,
gaudenter.
GLADNESSE. Jocunditas, hilla-
ritas, leticia.
GLADONE, berbe.4 Gladiolus
places of lewd resort, or barbers' shops. See Nares, v. Cittern. Elyot renders "fidi-
cul'.i, a rebecke, or a gytterne ; " and Fleming, in his version of Junius, gives " lyricus,
lyricen , fidicen lyrae, a player vpon the lute or cyterne." "A gitterne, cistre, quiterne,
giteme, guiterre. A small gitterne, mandore.^ SHERW.
1 A GYTONK, or guidon, is the name of a sort of banner, or streamer, called in Latin
guido, which Ducange derives from guida, a guide. Guidon has been supposed to be a
corruption of guide- homme ; and is written " guydhome " in Harl. MS. 2258, where it
is stated that its length was to be 2£ or 3 yards : " euery standard and guydhome to
have in the chief the crosse of St. George, to be slitte at the ende, and to conteyne the
creste or supporter, with the posey, worde and device of the owner." From Harl. MS.
833, it appears that every baronet or superior estate should display a banner, if he were
chief captain ; every knight a pennon, and " euery squier or gentleman his getoun or
standard." It is also directed that both the last should be slit at the extremity, whence
probably the getoun was called conscisorium, as given above. In the contemporary poem
descriptive of the siege of Rouen, A.D. 14] 5, it is said,
" There was many a getoun gay,
With mychille and great array." line 1214.
See Sir Fred. Madden's note on this line, Archseol. xxii. 396 ; and Retrosp. Rev. i. 511,
N.S. It appears that a gytone was not only carried in the field, but attached to the
mast of a ship; thus, in a bill of expenses for the Earl of Warwick, A.D. 1437, is a
charge, " Item, a gyton for the shippe, of viij yardis longe, poudrid full of raggid staves,
for the lymmyng and workmanship ij s." Dugd. Warw. In the Will of John, Baron de
Gravstok, A.D. 1436, is this bequest : " lego pro mortuario meo optimum equum cum tot&
armaturA mea, cotearmour, penon, et gyton1, &c." Wills and Inv. i. 85, Surteos Soc.
Palsgrave gives " Guyderne, a baner in a felde, guidon: Gyderne, guidon: " and
Cotgrave has "guidon, a standard, ensigne, or banner, under which a troop of men of
arms do serve ; also he that bears it."
2 This word seems to have implied not only to furbish arms, or armour, but, by means
of some kind of varnish, to preserve the polish from rust. Sir John Paston gives the
following direction : " As for my byll that is gylt, I wolde it were taken head to ; there
is von in the town can glaser weel I nowe, and ellys late it be weel oylyd." Palsgrave
gives the verb " I glasc a knyfe to make it bright; iefoiirbis."
3 Bleyely, ins.
* '' Gladyne, gladiolus, quedam kerba.'" CATH. ANG. The name gladwyn now de-
198
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
c. F. accoruSj accolus, c. p. iris,
C. F.
GLADSUNESSE, idem quod GLAD-
NESSE (gladsunnesse, H.)
GLARYN', or bryghtly shynyn'
(bryt shynyn, K.) Rutilo (elu-
cido, elumino, P.)
GLASSE. Vitrum.
GLASSE WRYTE (glaswrygh, K.
wryth, H. wryjthe, s.) Vitrarius.
GLASY, or glasyne, or made of glas
(glasyn of glasse, P.) Vitreus.
GLASYN' wythe glasse. Vitro, vel
vitrio.
GLEYME, or rewme.1 Reuma.
GLEYME of knyttynge, or by(n)d-
ynge to-gedyrs (kuttynge or
byndinge, H. cuttinge,p.)2Xwms,
gluten, glucium.
GLEYMOWSE, or fulle of rewme.
Reumaticus.
GLEYMYN', or yngleymyn'. Visco,
invisco.
GLEYMOWS, or lymows. Limosus,
viscosus, glutinosus.
GLEYMOWSENESSE, or lymow(s)-
nesse. Limositas, viscositas.
GLEMYN, or lemyn', as fyyr.
Flammo.
GLEMYN, or lemyn', as lyghte.
Radio.
GLEMYNGE, or lemynge of lyghte.
(lyjth, K.) Conflagracio, flam-
macio.
GLEYRE of eyryne, or o]?er lyke
(gleyere, K. gleyjyr of eyre, H.
gleyjyer' of eyr', p.)3 Glarea,
C. F.
notes only the Iris fcetidissima, Linn., but probably the more common species, Iris Pseud-
acorus, may be here intended. In Mr. Diamond's MS. version of Macer, it is said,
" Gladen is y-clepid in Englisshe, iris in Latin, for his floure haj> a colour like )>e rayne-
bowe . . Take J>e rootis of J>is erbe, and kyt hem in rounde gobetis, and ryfe hem vpon a
hrede, so J>at none of hem touche oj>er, it J>ou will drye hem." The virtues of this root
are numerous, taken with wine, mead, or vinegar ; the following is curious, as a cosmetic.
" Do take ij parties of Jns pouder of gladen rotys, and \>e iij part of \>e poudre of ellebre,
>at some men clepen cloffynnge, and medele boj>e >ise poudres to-gider in bony. A
plaster of Jns wole purge and dense J>e face of frekelis, also it wole resolue the pockys,
and whelkys of )>e face." Elyot renders " XypJiium, an herbe lyke the blade of a
sworde, gladen ; it is also called Xyris ; " and Cotgrave gives " Glayeul, corne-sedge,
corn-gladen, right gladen, gladen, glader, sword-grasse."
1 In a medical treatise, Cott. MS. Jul. D. vui. f. 119, b. a pottage composed of gentian,
tormentil, fennel, and honey, is directed to be given " for a gleymede stomak, >at may
nojt kepe mete."
2 Byy(n)dynge to-gedyys, MS. " Viscus, gleme, or lyme." ORTUS. Compare CLAM',
or cleymows; where the other MSS. read gleymous. " Visq^le^^x, clammy, cleaving, bird-
lime-like, lotteux, claggy, clammy, cleaving. Glazeux, clammy, fat, clayish." COTG.
" La fflaire d'lin cevf, the white of an egge. Aubin (T-vn ceuf, the white or gleare
of an egge." COTG. In the Cant. Tales, the Chanon's yeoman, enumerating the num.
berless requisites employed in alchemy, mentions
" Unsleked lime, chalke, and gleire of an eye."
In a curious MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, concerning the craft of
limning, is the following recipe : " To couche gold : take gleyere, and safferoun grounde,
and couche on thy golde, vvhyle hit is moyste." Foxe relates that one Margery Backster,
being accused of heresy, thus declared her opinion of images ; " lewd wrights of stocks
hew and forme such crosses and images, and after that, lewd painters gleere them with
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
199
GLENAR of corne. Spicator, con-
spicator, spicatrix.
(GLENE, K. H. p.1 Spicatum,
CATH.)
GLENYNGE. Conspicacio.
GLYARE, or goguleye (gloyere, or
gogyl eye, s. gogyll iye, p.)2
JjimuSj c. F. strabo, c. F. et
CATH. strains, CATH. straba,
hirquicallus, CATH. et UG. v.
GLYDARE. Serptor, serptrix, c.
F. (graditor, p.)
GLYDERYN'. Rutilo.
GLYDYJ?'. Serpo (gradior, p.)
GLYDYNGE. Serpcio, gressus.
(GLYYNGE, K. H. P. Strabositas.}
GLYMERYN'. Radio.
GLYMERYNGE of lyglite (lyjt, K.)
Lucubrum, c. F. et CATH.
GLYSTERY, or glystere (glisere, K.)
Glisterium, glistere, c. F,
GLOFFARE, or devowrare.3 De-
vorator, vorator, lurcus, UG. in
ambrosia.
GLOFFYNGE, or devowrynge. De-
voracio, voratio, lurcatus.
GLORYFYYN'. Gloriftco.
GLORYYN', or wythe onclene )>ynge
defoylyn' (wyth ony on-clene
thyng defowlyn, s. with foule
thinge to defylyn, p.) Maculo,
deturpo.
GLORYOWSE. Gloriosus.
GLORYOWSNESSE. Gloriositas.
GLOSARE of textys. Glosator.
GLOSAR, and flaterere. Adulator.
GLOSE of a boke. Glosa.
GLOSE textys, or bookys. Gloso.
GLOSYN', or flateryn'.4 Adulor,
blandior, CATH.
GLOSYNGE, or expownynge. Glo-
sacio.
colours." The French word glaire has also, according to Cotgrave, the signification of
"gravell, sand, and small pible stones, or sand mingled with stones ; also a whitish and
slimy soil," in Latin ylarea ; hence it is said in Caxton's Mirrour of the World, part ii.
c. 85, that " by Acres the cyte is founden a maner of sande, and there is founden also
of the glayre of the see, whiche ben medled to gydre, and of thyse two myxtyons is made
good glasse and clere." Bosworth derives glare from A.-S. glaere, pellucidum quidvis.
1 "Arista est spica, an ere of corne or a glene." ORTUS. "An evene of corne." MED.
"A glene, arista, conspica. Gioy, spicamentum.^ CATH. ANG. A glene seems to be
here put for that which is gleaned, from the Fr. glane, the corn left for the gleaner.
" A glean, a handfull of corne gleaned and tied up by the gleaner, or reaper, Kent."
Bp. Kennett's gloss, coll. Lansd. MS. 1033. The Medulla gives, " Conspico, to glene,
or els to gadyre songles. Aristor, i. colligere, spicas, to glene, or to gadre songles." MS.
Cant. Mr. Wilbraham gives songow, used in this sense in Cheshire.
2 Gogyrleye, MS. " A gleer, limus, stralo, obliquus.'"1 CATH. ANG. Skinner gives the
verb to gly as used in Lincolnshire, signifying to squint, or look askance, possibly, he
observes, from Ang.-Sax. glowan, candescere, " q. d. incensis et prce ira flammantibus
oculis conspicere." See Jamieson, v. Gley. Compare GOGULEYE, hereafter.
3 In the Vision of Piers Ploughman the word " glubbere " occurs in this sense, line
5274; "y-glubbed," line 3165, meaning gorged with liquor; and in the Crede, " glop-
pynge of drynke,"" line 184.
4 " To glosse, ubi to fage. To glose, glosare, glosidare." CATH. ANG. The verb to
glose occurs in this sense in the later Wicliffite version, in which Judges xiv. 15 is
rendered " glose thin hosebonde (blandire viro tao." Vulg.) In the earlier version this
verse is thus given, " faage to thi man, and meue hym that he shewe to thee what
bitokeneth the probleme." This signification of FAGYN has been noticed above.
200
rilOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GLOSYNGE, or flaterynge. Adu-
lacio
GLOTONE. Gluto, CATH. epulus,
KYLW. epulo (vorax, nebulo, P.)
GLOTONYE. Gula, crapula.
GLOVARE . Cirothecarius.
GLOVE. Cirotheca.
GLOWYN', as hoote yryne. Candeo,
CATH.
GLOWYNGE of hoote fyre, or yryn,
or oper lyke (of hote fyre yron,
p.) Candor, CATH. corusca-
cio, CATH.
GLU, of festynge. Viscus.
GLU, or mynstralcye (glw, K. gle,
p.)1 Musica, armonia, c. F.
GLWYN'. Visco.
GLUYNGE to-gedyr. Congluti-
nacio, conviscacio, CATH
GLUYNGE MATERE, as paste, or
o)>er lyke pat gluythe ij thyngys
to-geder. Gluten, c. F. glu-
tinum, c. F.
GLUMAN, or mynstral (glwman, K.
gleman, p.) Mnsicus, musica.
GLUSCARE, idem quod GLYARE.S
(GLUSKYNGE, idem quod GLYENGE,
K. P. Strabositas.}
(GNASTE of a candel, infra in
KNAST.)
GNASTERE (gnachar, K.) Fremitor.
GNASTYN' (gnachyn, K.)3 Fremo,
strideo, CATH.
GNASTYNGE (gnachynge, K.) Fre-
mitus.
GNAWYN', or gnavyn, or fretyfi' vn-
gentelywythetethe(wheten with
the teethe, P.) Rodo, corrodo.
GNAWYNGE, or fowle bytynge.
Corrosio.
GOOARE. Ambulator, viator,
ambulatrix.
GOARE on fote, idem quod FOTE-
MANN, supra in F.
GOBET, lumpe. Frustrum, massa.
GOBET, parteo4 Pars.
1 Glu, or glee, denotes properly, as Sir W. Scott observes, the joyous science of the
minstrel, which was called in Ang.-Sax. gli^, and the musician jligman, an appellation
that denoted also the player, or joculator. See Bp. Percy's Essay on Minstrels, Sir
Tristrem, Havelok the Dane, Jamieson, &c. In the Vision of Piers Ploughman, a sin-
gular comparison occurs, douhtless used proverbially, as an analogous expression is at
the present time. Gloton, having drunk deep, till his legs totter, is said to go
" Lik a gle-mannes bicche,
Som tyme aside,
And som tyme arere." line 3180.
2 GLUSTARE, MS. Forby explains glusky as signifying sulky in aspect.
3 "Strideo,fortiter sonare, horribilem sonum facere, to gnayste. Stridor, gnastynge."
OUT. "To gn&ste, fremere, est furorem mentis usque ad vocis tumultum excitare ; fren-
dere, est proprie denies concutere. A gnastynge, fremor, est Jiominum, fremilus lesti-
arum." CATH. AKG. " To gnaste or gnasshe with the tethe, grincer. Gnastyng of the
tethe, strideur, grincement.'*'' PALSG. In the Wicliffite version this word is of frequent
occurrence.
4 The word gobbet formerly implied not only a lump, but generally a piece or portion
of anything. In the Wicliffite version, iv. Kings, 20, 7, is thus rendered ; " And Isaie
seide, bringe je to me a gobet of figis (massam ficorum, Vulg.) ; and whan |>ei hadden
broujt it, and hadden putte it on his bocche, he was heelid." Among the curious relics'
that were carried about by the Pardoner,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
201
GOBET, of a thynge kutte (of
cnttynge, K. p.) Scissura.
GOBET, of a broke thynge (of hole
thinge, p.) Fragmen, frag-
mentum, c. F.
GODDE. Deus.
GOODE. Bonus.
GODE, idem quod GADE, supra.
GODFADYR.1 PatrinUS, CATH.
(patrius, computer, K. P.)
GODHED. Deltas.
GOODLY. Benignus, benevolus.
GOODELY, adv. JBenigne, bene-
vole.
GOODLYNESSE. Benignitas, be-
nevolencia.
GODMODYR. Matrina, materna,
CATH.
GODDOWTER. Ftliola, CATH.
GODSON', or gosson' (godsune, or
gosson, s. cossone, H.) Filiolus,
CATH.
GOODE WYNE. Temetum, CATH.
GOD 3 ATE (Godjote, K. Goodjoth,
H. Godwolde, p.)2 Utinam.
GOGULEYE, supra, idem quod
GLYARE (gogyleyid, limus,
strabo, K. gogelere, s. gogyl
iye, p.y
GOIONE of a poleyn' (goyvn off a
polene, HARL. MS. 2274. )4 Ver-
tibulum, c. F. eardo.
" He saied, he had a gobbet of the saile
That Sainct Peter had, when that he went
Upon the sea, till Jesu Christ him hent." Cant. T. Prol.
Sir John Maundevile says of the apples of Paradise, growing in Egypt, " and thoghe
jee kutte hem in never so many gobettes or parties, overthwart, or end-longes, evere-
more 366 schulle fynden in the myddes the figure of the Holy Cros." p. 60. " Gleba, a
gobet of erthe.'' MED. " Gobbet, a lumpe, or a pece, monceau, lopin, chanteau."
PALSG. The derivation appears to be from " Gobeau, a bit, gobbet, or morsell." COTG.
1 " A goffe, ubi a godefader. A gome, ubi a godmoder." CATH. ANG. In the North
goff signifies a fool, according to Brockett and Jamieson. Cotgrave gives " commere,
a she-gossip, or godmother, a gomme," but the term appears to be now obsolete.
2 The interjection Goddot, Goddoth, occurs frequently in Havelok the Dane ; Sir F.
Madden, in his Glossary appended to that curious poem, supposes it to be a corruption
of God wot ! formed in the same manner as Goddil for God's will, in Yorkshire and
Lancashire; a conjecture which appeared to be confirmed by the following passage,
where it is related that Havelok made a vow to found a priory,
" And therof held he wel his oth,
For he it made, God it woth ! " line 2527.
The word, it is further observed, appears to have been limited to Lincolnshire or Lan-
cashire, and a single instance of its occurrence is cited from a poem written in the
former county, t. Edw. I. From the form, however, of the word, as it occurs in the
Promptorium, the derivation appears to be more obviously from A. -Sax. geatan, concedere.
3 This term occurs in the Wicliffite version, Mark ix. 46 ; " If thin yghe sclaundre
thee, caste it out ; it is bettre to thee to entre gogil-yghed (hiscum, Vulg.) into the
rewme of God, than have tweyne yghen," &c. Palsgrave gives among the adverbs, " a
goggell, en loucket. Goggle-eyed man, lovche."" Junius thinks it may be derived from
A.-S. scegl e&ede, strabo.
4 In some parts of England a piece of projecting iron at each end of a roller, which
connects it with the frame, is still called a gudgeon, from the Fr. " youjon, the pin
which the truckle of a pulley runneth on ; also the gudgeon of the spindle of a wheele."
COTG. Among the expenses of Thomas Lucas, Sol. Gen. to Hen. VII., in building Little
CAMD. SOC. 2 D
202
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
G(O)IONE, fysche. Gobius, gobio.
(golnus, P.)
GOLDE. Aurum.
GOOLDE, herbe.1 Solsequium, quia
sequitur solem, elitropium, calen-
dula.
GOLDEFYNCHE, byrde. Cardu-
elis, KYLW.
GooLDFUYLE,swpra (in FULE, gold-
fule, K.) Bratea, in plur. CATH.
GOLDSMYTH. Aurifaber.
GOLET, or throte. Guttur, gluma,
gula, Dice.
GOLFE of cornel Archenium,
KYLW. et COMM. acervus, (ar-
conium, K. arthonium, tassis, p.)
GOLYON, garment (clothe, p.)3
Gunella, gunellus.
GOLVYN', or golvoii'. Arconiso.
GoMEyn' mannys mowtlie(goomys,
s.) Gingiva, vel gingive, plur.
GOON'. Ambulo, pergo, vado, io,
gradior (meo, eo, transio, p.)
GOON a-bowtyn', or w(h)yryllyn
(wyrlyllyn, s.) Circino.
GOON a-forne. Precede.
(GooN aftyr, s. Succedo.}
GOON a-wey. Recedo, discedo.
Goo be-hynde, or folow (gon be-
hyndyn, or folwyn, K.) Se-
quor (retrogradior, P.)
Goo downe. Descendo, CATH.
Goo foorthe. Procedo.
Goo forthe yn a iurneye. Prqfi-
ciscor.
GOON yn to a place. Introio, in-
gredior.
GOON on fote (gon afote, K.) Pe-
dito, c. F.
GOON owte. JExio, egredior.
Goo slowly. Lento, c. F.
Goo to, and be-gyn' a dede. Ag-
gredior.
Goo to pryvy, or to shytyn.
Acello.
Goo wronge. Devio, deliro.
Saxham Hall, A.D. 1507, are these items among smiths' work ; " for goions and colars,
with ij stireppis for my bruge, weiyng 36£ lb." These were probably for suspending a
drawbridge. Rokewode's Suff. p. 150.
1 The plant here intended is perhaps the corn marigold, Chrysanthemum segetum,
Linn, called in the North, goulans, guilde, or goles, and in the South, golds. See Ray
and Jamieson. The virtues of " gowlde " are detailed in the curious metrical treatise
of herbs, Sloane MS. 1571, f. 26, b. Dr. Turner says that "Ranunculus is called in
English crowfoot or kingeux, or in some places a gollande." Herbal, part ii. Nares
states that gold is the cudweed, or mothwort, Gnaphalium Germanicum, Linn.
2 A rick of corn in the straw laid up in a barn is called in Norfolk, according to Forby,
a goaf ; every division of the barn being termed a goaf-stede : to goave signifies to stow
corn therein. See also Ray and Moore. Tusser uses the verb to gove, to make a mow
or rick; see August's Husbandry, st. 23. In a short Latin- Eng. Vocabulary of the XVth
cent, written apparently at Creak, in Norfolk, Add. MS. 12,195, occur " Gelimo, to
golue. Ingelimum, golfe." Palsgrave gives " goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye
bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye."
'2 Roquefort gives " goleon, sorte dSkabit de guerre ; ' ' but in the Promptorium golyon
and gown seem to be almost synonymous, both being rendered by the Latin gunellus,
a diminutive of gunna. The term is used by Gower, where he relates the exchange of
garments made by Hercules and lole, in order to deceive Faunus,
" He hath hir in his clothes clad,
And cast on hir his golion,
Whiche of the skin of a lion
Was made." Conf. Am. lib. v.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 203
GOONGE, preuy.1 Cloaca, latrina.
GOONGE fyrmar (gongefowar, K. H.
s. feyar, p.)2 Cloacarius, latri-
nanus, COMM.
GOO(N)GE hoole. Gumplms, NECC.
GORE, or slory.3 Limus, tessequa,
COMM.
GOORD. Cucumer, cucurbita, col-
loquintida.
GOORE of a clothe.4 Lacinia, c. F.
1 This word occurs in the glosses on G. de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, as the
rendering offoreyn, a place retired, a " withdraught," as it was called,
" Vn maueys vint en maforere (an heuedlond,)
Ou par despit fistforeyn hier (gonge.)"
Hence the term " chambre forene," which is used by Robert of Glouc. In the Seuyn
Sages it is related that a father and son went together to commit a robb§ry, and the
father falling into a pit, bid his son cut off his head, that he might not be recognized.
He carried the head away to conceal it,
" But als he com bi a gong,
Amidde the pit he hit slong." line 1315.
Fabyan gives the following tale, 43 Hen. III. " In this yere fell that happe of the
Jewe of Tewkysbury, whiche fell into a gonge vppon the Saterdaye, and wolde not for
reuerence of his sabbot day be plucked out ; wherof heryng the Erie of Glouceter, that
the Jewe dyd so great reuerence to hys sabbot daye, thought he wolde do as myche to
his holydaye, whych was Sondaye, and so kept hym there tyll Monday, at which season
he was found dede." The Medulla gives " Birsa, cloaca, a gonge ; " and Palsgrave
" Gonge, a draught, orlrait." A.-S. gong, gang-settl, gang-pytte, gang-tun, latrina.
2 " Gonge farmer, maister de basses vuvures, guigueron, cvrevr d'orlraitz. I ferme
a siege, or priuy, Vescure. Neuer come to your newe house, tyll your seges or priuyes
be fermed, tant que vous ayez cure les orttrays." PALSG. Thomas, in his Ital. Gramm.
1548, gives " Pionibino, a certein instrument of leade, that the gongfermours use."
" Gadouard, a gould-finder, jakes-farmer, feyer of priuies. Maistre phy phy, a jakes
feyer, who hath often occasion enough to say, phy." COTG. Bp. Kennett gives the
following note in his glossarial coll. LansJ. MS. 1033: "To farm, to cleanse or empty,
£or. Oxfordshire ; as, to farm kine, to farm a stable or cow-house ; from Sax. feormian,
purgare, whence the cleansers of jakes or privies are in some places called jakes- farmers."
Compare FOWAR, FOWYN, and FYIN.
3 Flory, MS. Slush and gore are generally mentioned together in Norfolk, as Forby
observes, the former expressing the thin, the latter the thick part of the mire. Ang.-Sax.
gor, lutum. Brockett gives gor, in the Northern Dialect.
11 For gore and fen, and full wast,
That was out y-kast,
Togydere they gadered, Y wys." Lybeaus disconus, line 1471.
4 Lacinia is explained in the Catholicon to be " vestis lacerata, vel ora sive extremilas
vestimenti ; " to which the following addition in made in the Ortus, " vel nodus damidis.,
a hemnie of clothe, or a gore, or a trayne." G. de Bibelesworth says,
" Car par deuaunt avez eslcours (lappes,)
JEt d'encost6 sont vos girouns (sidgoren.)"
This word is used repeatedly by Chaucer, and Tyrwhitt observes that its meaning was
not intelligible. It seems, however, to imply a slit in a garment, whereby a piece is
204 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(GORSTYS TRE, or qwyce tre, supra
in FYRRYS.)
GOOSE. Auca.
GOSYS ORES, or camoroche, or
wylde tanzy.2 Camaroca, vel
tanasetum agreste.
GOSHAWKE. Aucipiter, herodius.
GOSHERDE. Aucarius, aucaria.
GOSELYNGE. Ancerulus.
GOSSYP, mann.3 Compater, c. F.
(GosYP, woman, s. p. CommaterJ)
GOSPEL. Evangelium.
either inserted or taken away, so as to widen or contract it ; thus the attire of the Car-
penter's young wife is described, who wore
" A barm-cloth, as white as morwe milk,
Upon her lendes, ful of many a gore." Miller's T. 3237.
Here it doubtless signifies that her apron was gathered in with numerous plaits, in
girding it about her hips. Sir Thopas says, where he relates his dream,
" An elf-quene shall my lemman be,
And slepe under my gore." Cant. T. line 13,719.
Here the expression seems to be one of those conventional phrases of romance of which
the meaning cannot be closely denned, and implying ample coverings, garments full and
rich. In Emare, the Queen of Galys is said to be " goodly unther gore, — wordy unther
wede, — comely unther kelle." Ritson, Metr. R. ii. 243. " Goore of a smocke, poynte de
chemise.'1'' PALSG. " Gheroni, the gores of a woman's smocke, or other lyke garment."
W. Thomas, Ital. Gramm.
1 In the North, and other parts of England, the Ulex Europceus, Linn, or common
furze, is called gorse. Ang.-Sax. Sorst> erica, rubus. See the note on the word FYRRYS,
above. " Rusciis, a gorst, or a furse." MED. MS. CANT. In the margin is the addition
in Somner's hand, of the Ang.-Sax. words, '* cneoholen, fyres. " Cotgrave gives " genest
espineux, furres, whinnes, gorse, thorne-broom."
2 The Potentilla anserina, Linn, or wild tansy, is called in the North, according to
Ray, goose-grass, because eaten by geese. The plant, however, most commonly known
by the name, is the Galium aparine, or cleavers, which, as Moore observes, is called in
Suffolk " guse-grass." Dr. Turner, in his Herbal, 1561, speaks of " Gooshareth or
clyuer." Cotgrave gives " Grateron, the small bur called goose-share, goose-grasse,
love-man, cleaver, and claver. Rieble, cleaver, goose-grasse, &c." Huloet calls the same
plant " goslingweede, rueba (sic, rubea ?) minor."
3 GOSSYPMANN, MS. The Baptismal sponsors were formerly called gossips, a term
which Skinner derives from Ang.-Sax. God, Deus, and syb, affinitas, as it were " cognati
in Deo ; " and by the Canon law marriage was forbidden between persons thus allied,
as much as between relatives by blood. In the Lay le Freine, it is related that the
knight, to whom two sons were born, sent to greet a knight who was his neighbour,
' ' And pray him that he com to me,
And say he schal mi gossibbe be."
It would hence seem that the term comprised not only the co-sponsors, but the parents
of the child baptized. Verstegan, in his explanations of ancient words, observes upon
" Godsip, now pronounced gossip. Our Christian ancestors, understanding a spiritual
affinity to grow between the parents and such as undertook for the child at baptism,
called each other by the name of Godsib, which is as much to say, as that they were sib
together, that is, of kin together through God." p. 175, edit. 1655. Fabyan says of
the repudiation of Ingebert of Denmark by Philip Augustus, king of France " yt was
not longe or she were from hym deuorced for cause of alyaunce of gossypred, or other-
wise." Part vii. c. 242.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 205
GOOSTE. Spiritus.
GOSTELY. Spiritualiter.
GOSTELY mann, or womann. Spi-
ritualis.
GOOSTYLNESSE. Spiritualitas .
myr, or corruption, H. p.)1 Fi-
landrya, lanugo, CATH.
GOOT, beste. Hircus, edus, capra.
GOTE, or water schetelys (goote, H.
water schedellys, s.)2 Aquagium,
GOSSOMER, corrupcyon (gossum- sinoglocitorium, c. F.
1 " Lanugo, i. lana super pomat vel flos tribuli qui postquain ~bene siccatus est lemflatu
effertur in aerem." CATH. In the Promptorium an allusion is made to another and strange
supposition regarding the production of gossamer, noticed by Skinner, namely, that it was
formed from the dew scorched by the morning sun, and thence, as it seems, termed here
corruption. It is evident from Chaucer that this phenomenon had exercised the ingenuity
of curious observers in ancient times.
" As sore wondren som on cause of thonder,
On ebbe and floud, on gossomer, and on mist,
And on all thing, til that the cause is wist." Squiere's T. 10,572.
An allusion to the anciently received notion occurs in Spenser, who speaks of
" the fine nets which oft we woven see
Of scorched dew."
" As light and thin as cobwebs that do fly
In the blew air, caus'd by the autumnal sun,
That boils the dew that on the earth doth lie ;
May seem this whitish rug then in the scum,
Unless that wiser men make't the field spider's loom." H. More.
Even Dr. Hooke advances a conjecture that the great white clouds seen in summer might
consist of gossamer. Microgr. 202. Dr. Hulse and Martin Lister first observed the real
mode of its production by a species of spider. See Ray's Letters, 36, 69; Lister de
Araneis ; and the interesting relation in White's Hist. Selb. The etymology of the word
is very obscure; Skinner suggests go&sampine, Fr. gossipium, Lat. the cotton plant. The
derivation proposed in the Craven Glossary, from its appellation " summer-gauze, hence
gauze o' th' summer, gauzamer, alias gossamer," is hardly tenable, when it is considered
that the term was probably received in our language long before the introduction of the
tissue called gauze. An early instance of its occurrence is in the gloss on G. de Bibeles-
worth, whose treatise was composed in the time of Edw. I.
"Regardet cy lafilaundre (gosesomer.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 301.
" Filiandra, Anglice, gossomer." Lat. Eng. Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. " Gossommer,
thynges that flye in sommar lyke copwebbes." PALSG. " Couvrailles, gossymeare, or
the white and cobweb-like exhalations which flye abroad in hot sunnie weather." COTG.
In N. Brit, according to Jamieson, it is called also sun-dew webs, or moosewebs. In
German, unser Frawen Haar, the Blessed Virgin's hair. See Jamieson, v. Garsummer;
and Nares.
a The stat. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 33, after setting forth the decayed state of the fortifica-
tions of Hull, grants certain duties levied on the importation offish, to repair and main-
tain the walls, ditches, and banks, as also " other clowes, getties, gutters, goottes, and
other fortresses there," for the defence of the town and haven. Stat. of Realm, iii. 872.
The stat. 2 and 3 Edw. VI. c. 30, states that the channel of the Camber, near Rye,
had become choked up, in part by casting ballast into it, " and partely bycause dyuers
mershes inned take in no water to seower the channoll, but lett oute ther freshe
206
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GOTERE. Aquarium, imbricium,
guttatorium, guttera, aqua-
lacium, c. P. aquagium, UG. v.
GOTERE vndyr be grownde. Ca-
tadupper, cataracta, c. F. sed
cataracte in plur. sunt fenestre
cell, nubes, vel meatus plum-
arum, c. F. (cadadirpa, p.)
GOTERE, ad purgandum feces
coquine. Ruder, CATH.
GOOTYS BERDE.1 Stinllum, CATH.
et UG. in stuprum.
GOOT HERDE. CaperCUS, C. F.
GOTOWS mann, or womann' (go-
torous, P.) Guttosus.
GOTON', or had be trawayle (gotyn,
or get, P.) Adeptus, adquisitus,
assecutus.
GOVERNAWNCE. Regimen, gu-
bernacio, gubernaculum,
GOUERNOWRE. Gubernator, rec-
tor.
GOUERNOWRE of mony yn an
howsholde, vndur a lorde or
mayster. Massarius, massaria,
CATH. in massa.
GOVERNYN'. Guberno, rego.
GOVERNE a towne. Villico, vil-
licor, CATH.
GOUERNY^', and mesuryn' in
manerys, and thewys. Moderor,
modifico, CATH.
GOWLARE, or vserere.2 Usura-
rius, fenerator.
GOWLE, or vsury. Usura, fenus,
GOWNDE of ]>e eye.3 Ridda, al-
bugo, c. F. et UG. v.
GOWNE, garment. Toga, epi-
togium, Dice, gunellus.
GOWTE, sekenesse. Gutta.
GOWTON', as candelys. Gutto.
GRACE. Gracia.
GRACELES. AJcaris, C.F. vel acaris,
c. F. et CATH. ingraciosus.
water at guttes ;" so that the road for shipping was much injured. Vol. iv. 72. This word
is retained in use in several parts of England ; Skinner and Ray give gowts, a word sig-
nifying in Somersetshire channels or drains under-ground. Bp. Kennett has the following
notes in his gloss, coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 : " A wide ditch, or water-course that empties
itself into the sea, is called in Romney Marsh a gut, from old Dan. giota, scrobs : thence
gutter, dim. a mill gut, a gote, i. a floud-gate, Northumb. Ang.-Sax. ^eota.n,fundere.^
In the Craven Dialect gote denotes a channel of water from a mill-dam as does goyt in
Hallamshire. Jamieson gives goat and got, a small trench or drain. A similar word
occurs in old French ; " Ooute : gouttiere, egout." ROQUEF.
1 GOOTYS HERDE, MS. berde, s. H. P. " Stinllum, barba capre, et dicitur a stirid, quia
pendens ad modum stirie, i gutted CATH.
2 " Danista, Danus, a gowlere, an vserere." MED. MS. CANT. The derivation appears
obviously to be from gida, in French goule or gole, significative of his rapacious avidity.
3 Skinner gives the word gound as used very commonly in Lincolnshire, signifying the
running or impure secretion of the eyes. It occurs in the glosses on G. de Bibelesworth,
Arund. MS. 220, f. 297, b.
" Vostre regardz est gracious (louelik,)
Mes vos oeyz sunt saciouz (gundy ;)
Des oeez outez la sacye (be gunde,)
E de nees la rupye ()>e maldrope.)"
Bp. Kennett, in his glossarial coll. Lansd. MS. 1033, has the following note : " Gunded
eyes, Westm. Goundy, filthy like running sores, Gower. Gunny eyes, Yorksh. Dial."
Ang.-Sax. gund, pus, sanies, Skelton describes the " eyen gowndye " of Elynour
Humming.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
207
GRACYOWS. Graciosus, euJcaris,
C. F. et CATH.
(GRAFFE, infra in GRYFFE.)
(GRAFFYN', infra in GRYFFYN'.)
GRAYLE, boke (grayjylle, HARL.
MS. 2274.)i Gradate, vel gra-
dalis.
(GRAME, s. infra in WAYTYNGE to
d5n harme.)2
GRAMARYONE. Gramaticus, gra-
matica.
GRAMERE. Gramatica.
GRAMERCY. In plurali, has
grates, accusative tantum.
GRAPE. Uva.
GRAPE of grete quantite. Bu-
masta, CATH.
GRATE for brede. Micatorium,
Dice.
GRATE for gyngure, or oper lyke.
Fricellum, frictellum, ex CATH.
in frico.
GRATE, or trelys wy(n)dowe
(treues wyndowe, p.) Cancellus.
GRATE brede.3 Mico.
GRATE gynger (grate gynjors or
oder lyke, HARL. MS. 2274.)
Frictico, CATH. (frico, CATH. p.)
GRATYNGE of brede. Micacio,
micatura.
GRATYNGE of gyngure, and Ober
lyke. Frictura.
GRAVE. Monumentum, sepul-
chrum, tumulus.
GRAVE, solempnely made, or
gravyn(solenlymade and arayyd,
K. P.) Mausoleum, c. F.
GRAVELLE. Arena, sabulum,
eciam sonde.
GRAVEL PYTTE. Arenarium.
1 A grayle is a service book containing the responses, or gradalia, so called because
they are sung in gradibus, or by course. It is thus described by Lyndwood : " Gra-
dale — ponititr pro libro integro, in q^lo contineri debent officium aspersionis aquee bene-
dicta, missarum, inckoationes, sive officia, Ryrie, cum versibus Gloria -in excelsis, gva-
dalia, Halleluja, et tractus, sequentia, symbolum cantandum in Missa, Offertorium,
Sandus, Agnus, Communio, &c. qua ad chorum spectant in Missce solennis decanta-
tione." Provinc. iii. tit. 27. At the synod of Exeter, A.D. 1287, it was ordained that
certain books should be provided in every parish, at the charge of the parishioners,
among which is named the gradale. AVilkins, Cone. ii. 139. It is likewise included in
the constitution of Abp. Winchelsey, to the same effect, A.D. 1305. Lyndw. The stat.
3 and 4 Edw. VI. for abolishing divers books and images, enacts " that all books called
antiphoners, missals, grails, processionals, &c. heeretofore used for service of the church,
shall be cleerelie and vtterlie abolished, and forbidden for euer to be vsed or kept in this
realme.''
2 This word, which is found in the Winchester MS. only, is frequently used by the old
writers.
" Bithenk hou oft rape wil rewe,
And turn to grame wel grille." Amis and Amiloun, 657.
" Lordynges. he saide, y am aschamed,
And sore anoyed, and agramed." K. Alis. 3310.
In Havelok the verb to greme occurs, line 442, and the adjective gram, meaning angry
or incensed, line 214. See also Seuyn Sages, 2703 ; Cant. Tales, 16,871 ; and Jamieson,
v. Gram. Ang.-Sax. grama, molestia, gremian, irritare.
3 It may be observed in the Forme of Cury, and all books of ancient cookery, that
" myyd," or grated bread, was continually employed in the composition of a variety of
dishes. Palsgrave says, " I holde a penny that I shall grate this lofe, or you can grate a
rasyn of gynger ;" that is, a root, racine.
208
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GRAVE STONE. Cippus, CATH.
GRAVYN, or grubby n yn ]>e erthe.
Fodio.
GRAVYN' ymagys, or o]?er lyke
(imagery, K. P.) Sculpo.
GRAVYN', or puttyn yn by grave,
or yn ]>e erthe.1 Humo, $c.
idem quod BERYYN', supra.
GRAVYNGE in tymbyr, or metal.
Sculptura.
GRAVYNGE, delvynge. Fossio,
jossatura.
GRAWNSYRE, faderys fadyr (grawn-
cyr, s. grauncer, p.) Avus, c. F.
GRAWNEDAME, faderys moder, or
moderys moder. Avia, c. r. et
CATH.
GRAWNGE, or gronge.2 Grangia.
GRAWNTE, or grawntynge.3 Con-
cessio, stipulacio, annutus, CATH.
in annuo.
GRAWNTYN', Concede, annuo,
constipulor, CATH.
GRAVOWRE. Sculptor.
GRAVYN', or beryyd (gravon, or
biryid, K,) Sepultus, humatus.
GRAVYN' of a grawowre.4 Sculptus.
GRAVYN', or dolvyn'. Fossus,
confossus.
GRE, or worthynesse.5 Gradus.
1 "To grave, iibi to bery. To grave, cespitare,fodere,percolere,foditare, pastinare.
A graver, cespitator, cultor, fossor. A gravynge, cultural'' CATH. ANG. The verb to
grave is used by most of the old writers in the signification of digging, and thence of
depositing in the grave. Ang,-Sax. grafan, fodere. Sir John Maundevile gives a rela-
tion of the legend regarding the origin of the trees of which the cross was formed ; that
when Adam sent Seth to crave oil of mercy of the angel that kept Paradise, the angel
refused to give it, " but he toke him three graynes of the same tree that his fadre eet the
appelle offe, and bad hym, als sone as his fadre was ded, that he scholde putte theise three
greynes undre his tonge, and grave him so. And of theise three greynes sprong a tree —
and bare a fruyt, thorghe the whiche fruyt Adam scholde be saved.'' p. 14. To grave
still signifies, in the North, to break up ground with the spade.
2 The primary meaning of the word grangia, in French grange, or grance, seems to
have been a repository for grain, or, according to Ducange, a threshing floor ; and thence
it implied the farming establishment generally, with its various buildings and appliances,
as it is accurately defined by Lyndwood, in his annotations on the Constit. of Abp.
Mepham, Provinc. lib. ii. tit. i. Spelman cites a MS. in which the name Thomas Atelape,
that is, at the lathe, or barn, is said to be in French, Thomas de la Graunge. The term
has even the more extended sense of a hamlet ; that is, probably, the assemblage of
dwellings occupied by the dependants of the farm, which, doubtless, forming a
nucleus, gave rise to the greater number of villages in ancient times. Palsgrave gives
"graunge, or a lytell thorpe, hameau?. Graunge, petit village." Huloet makes the
following distinctions: "Graunge, or manour place without the walls of a citie, sub-
urbanum. Graunge, or little thorpe, viculus. Graunge, where husbandry is exercised,
colonia,."
3 GRAWNTE, or grawnte. Confessio, MS. grawntynge, K. s. P.
4 GRAVYN, or a grawowre, MS. off a gravowre, s.
5 Gre is here given only in the sense of promotion to honour or distinction, in which
also the term degree is now used at the Universities. In N. Britain gree has still this
signification. So likewise in Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose :
" In thanke thy seruice wol I take,
And high of gree I wol thee make."
It occurs frequently in the primary sense of a step, gre, Fr. " Ciimatum, a goynge fro
gre to gre." ORTUS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
209
, or tredyl, K. H. or steyre,
p.1 Gradus.)
GREDY of mete (in mete, K.)
Avidus.
GREDY in askynge. Procax, c. F.
importunus.
GREDY, or hasty. Impetuosus,
festmus.
GREDYNESSE of mete (havinge,
K. p.) Aviditas.
GREDYNESSE in askynge. Pro-
cacitas, c. p.
GREHOWNDE (gresehonnde, s.)
Leporarius, veltres.
GREY of colowre. Gresius, elbus,
elbidus, OATH.
GREY, beest.2 Taxus, melota, CATH.
GREY HERYD. Canus.
GREYNE of corne. Granum.
GREYNE, or croppe of corne 3 (in
the jere, K. yere, p.) Annona.
GREYNESSE of heere. Canicies.
GREYNYS, spyce (spicery, K. p.)4
Granum Paradisi.
1 The terra GRECE seems to be derived from the plural of gre, a step. It is thus
used in the Wicliffite version ; " >ou schalt not stye bi grees (per gradus, Vulg ) to myn
auter, lest J>i fil|>e be schewid." Exod. xx. 26. " Forso)>e Esdras )>e writere stood on
J?e grees of tree (super gradum ligneum, Vulg.) whiche he hadde maad to speke }>eron."
Esdras, viii. 4. Compare iv Kings, xxiii. 3, and Dedis, xxi. 35. Sir John Maundevile
says, in his relation of the state of the great Chan of Chatay, " the grees that he gothe
up to the table ben of precyous stones, medled with gold." p. 259. And again, " Ves-
selle of sylver is there non, for thei telle no prys there of, to make no vesselle offe, but
thei maken ther of grecynges, and pileres, and pawmentes to halles and chambres." p.
263. In the version of Vegecius, which is attributed to Trevisa, among directions how
a strong place should be fortified by double walls, the intervening space being filled with
earth, it is said that there should be in the making of the inner walle, at euery fourty
or fifty fote of lengthe, esy gresinges fro the playn grounde of the citie up to the walls.1'
Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 100. " Gradus, a grece, a steppe. Grade, to leede, or greys."
MED. MS. CANT. " A grece, gradus ; gradare, i. gradus facer e, vel per gradus ducere"
CATH. ANG. " Coclea, turnegrece." Lat. Eng. Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Scamnum,
a steppe or grice, whereby a manne gothe vppe into a hygh bedde. Anabalhrum, a
pulpit or other lyke place, whiche standeth on hyghe, wherunto a man must go vp by
a ladder or grises." ELYOT. "Grece to go vp at, or a stayre, deyre." PALSG. " Degre,
a staire, step, greese." COTG. See Forby's observations on the word grissens, which still
signifies stairs in Norfolk; Craven Glossary, v. Grees ; and Nares.
2 This name of the badger, which was taken, probably, from its colour, has previously
occurred as synonymous with BAWSTONE. The gloss on the Equivoca of John de Gar-
landia gives the following explanation : " Taxus, quoddam animal, a brocke or a grey.""
" Graye, a beest, taxe." PALSG. " Grisard, a badger, boason, brocke, or gray." COTG.
" Graio, a gray, a brocke, a badger." FLORIO. See Holland's Pliny, viii. c. 38.
3 Croppe or corne, MS. "Annona est seges unius anni, corne of one yere." ORTUS.
4 *' Grayns, granellum, quoddam species est." CATH. ANG. The aromatic qualities
of cardamoms, and grains of Paradise, were anciently much esteemed. Chaucer says of
the amorous Absolon, when he prepares to court the carpenter's wife,
" But first he cheweth grein and licorise,
To smellen sote, or he had spoke with here." Miller's Tale.
They are again mentioned in Rom. of the Rose. Gerarde and Parkinson give represen-
tations of the Meliguetle, greatest sort of cardamoms, Grana Paradisi, or Guinea grains ;
a pod shaped like a fig, and full of red seed. The true grains of Paradise were brought
CAMD. SOC. 2 E
210
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GRESYN', as beestys fedy(n)ge
wythe gres (beestys in pasture,
K. fede the with gresse, p.)2
Depascor, carpo, CATH. her-
boniso.
GRESYNGE, or a-noyntynge (with
grece, P.) Saginacio.
GRESYNGE, of beestys fedynge.
Pastura, carptura.
GRESHOP. Cicada.
GRETE, in quantyte. Magnus,
grossus, grandis.
GRETE HERTYD^and bolde. Mag-
nanimus.
GRETE HERTYD, not redy to bux-
umnesse. Pertinax, inftexibilis.
GRETE MANN, or worthy (man,
K. P.) Magnas.
GRETE OOTHE. Jusjurandum, c. F.
GRETYN, or wepyn'.3 Ploro,
eo lacrimor.
GRENE of colowre. Viridis.
GRENE PLACE (or herbere, H. p.)
Viridium, vel viretum, CATH.
viridarium, COMM.
GRENEHED, or grenenesse. Vi-
riditas, viror.
GRENYN', or growe grene. Vireo,
CATH. viresco, CATH et c. F.
GRENNARE, or he fat grynnythe.
Rinctor.
GRENNYN' wythe the tythe, as
howndys. Ringo, CATH. et c. F.
GRENNYNGE. Rictus, CATH.
GRENE LYNGE, fyshe (grenlynge,
s. grenelynge, p.)1
GREES, or fetnesse (gres, K.) Sa-
gimen, sagina, CATH. (adeps, p.)
GRESSE, herbe (gres, K. s.)
Herba, gramen.
GRESYN', or anoyntyn wythe grese.
Sagino.
from the East Indies, but the ordinary larger cardamoms seem to have been likewise so
named. " Cardamome, graines, or graine of Paradise ; also Ethiopian pepper. Ma~
niffuet, melegette, the spice called grains, or grains of Paradise." COTG.
1 The fish here intended seems to be the cod or keeling, Morhua wilgaris, Cuv. which
is called the green fish, probably from its colour, but, as stated in Willughby's Hist. Pise,
p. ]66, from its being taken on the coast of Greenland. It abounds in the Northern seas :
a multitude of British and Dutch fishermen are occupied in taking and preparing it for
transport to all parts of Europe. It is called also habberdeen, Island fish, or stock-fish.
" Morue, the cod, or green fish. Morue verte, green fish." COTG. This green variety,
called the Scotch cod, is most common towards the North.
2 In the Golden Legend, Life of St. Paul, there is a relation that the head of the saint
was found by a shepherd, who " set it up by the place where his shepe greased." Pals-
grave gives " to grease, or grase, as a horse dothe." The word, as usually written, is
more in accordance with the derivation, Ang.-Sax. grasian, gramine vesci. Forby gives
another signification of the verb to graze, as used in Norfolk, namely, to become covered
with the growth of grass ; in this sense it is given likewise in the CATH. ANG. " to gresse,
herbere, herbescere."
3 " To grete, plorare, et cetera ubi to wepe." CATH. ANG.
" There was mad muche gredyng,
Much weoping, much waylyng." K. Alls. 7882.
Hampole in the Prick of Conscience terms the day of final doom
" pe day of greteyng, and of gouleyng,
pe day of sorowe pat neuer salle blyne." Harl. MS. 6923, f. 83.
See also R. Brunne, p. 148; the Vision of P. Ploughman, 1029, 1497; Chaucer, Rom.
of Rose; and Jamieson, v. Greit. Ang.-Sax. graedan, grsetan, clamare.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
211
GRETYN', or salutyn'. Saluto,cATH.
GRETYNGE, or salutacyon. Sa-
lutacio.
GRETYNGE, or wepynge. Plora-
tus, fletus.
GRETLY. Valde, vehementer,
opido.
GRETE TOO of j>e fote. Allux, c. F.
GREET wythe chylde. Gravidus,
impregnatus.
GREVAWNCE, or grevowsnesse.
Gravamen, nocumentum, te-
dium.
GREVAWN(C)E, or offence, or tres-
pace (offence of trespace, K. s.)
Offensa, aggra(ya)men.
GREVYD, or a-greuyd yn wrethe.
Aggravatus, attediatus.
GREVYN'. Gravo, aggravo, in-
festo, noceo, CATH.
GREVOWS. Nocivus, tediosus,
grams (nocuus, K.)
GREVOWSLY. Graviter, tediose,
nocenter.
(GREWELLE, infra in GRO WELLE.)
GRYCE, swyne or pygge.1 Por-
cellus, nefrendis, CATH. et c. F.
GRYCE, whyle hyt sokythe. Puber,
CATH. in depubis, nefrendis, UG.
in /render e.
GRYCE, precyowse ftirrure.2 Sci-
s(i)mus, NECC.
1 " A grise, porcellus, et cetera ubi a swyne." CATH. ANG. " Marcassin, a young wild
boare, a shoot, or grice." COTG. Grys occurs repeatedly in this sense, in the Vision of
P. Ploughman, 450, 2182, 4353 : in the glossary, Mr. Wright refers to the story of Will
Gris in the Lanercost Chron. Skinner cites Gouldman's Diet, as the sole authority for
the word grice, and proposes as an etymon Belg. griis, cinereus. The word appears to be
now obsolete, or retained only in the diminutive griskin. Bp. Kennett in his gloss, coll.
Lansd. MS. 1033, gives, " grice, a pig; Island, griis, vel grys, succula ; " and cites the
Yorkshire Dial. p. 42, and Douglas's Virgil. See Jamieson.
* Neccham, in his treatise de nominibus utensilium, writes as follows respecting female
costume : " Camisia sindonis, vel serici, vel bissi, materiam sorciatur (i. capiat.) Pe-
nula (pane) mantelli sit ex scisimis (gris), vel experiolis (ekureus), sive scurellis, vel ex
cuniculis, vel ex laeronibus (leeruns) ; cujus urla (penule) sit ex sabilino, &c" Cott.
MS. Titus, D. xx. with an interlinear French gloss. This kind of fur is mentioned by
John de Garlandia, in his Dictionary, among the more costly kinds : " Pelliparii —
carius vendunt cisimum (al. scimum) et urlas de sabellino ; " upon which the following
gloss is given, " cisimus est illud quod dicitur Oallice vare, et gris." Docum. Inedits,
Paris sous Philip le Bel, App. 591. The esteem in which it was held appears from M.
is not easy to ascertain with precision what is the animal that supplied this fur ; it appears
to be described by Gesner as the Mus Ponticus, or Venetus, commonly called varius, and
the fur of which was termed by the Germans Grauwerck. The terms gris and vair
seem, indeed, to be frequently used as synonymous, but many authorities may be cited
from which a distinction is apparent. Much curious information on this subject, and on
the use of costly furs in general, has been given by Ducange, in the first dissertation
appended to Joinville. Chaucer describes the sleeve of the monk as " purfiled at the
hond with gris " of the finest quality. Cant. Tales, Prol. 194. Mention occurs of " grey
and grys " in Vis. of P. Ploughman, 10,065. See Jamieson, v. Griece. In the Invent,
of the Wardrobe of Hen. V. taken 1423, are enumerated various garments "furrez de
cristigrey ; " probably a variety of gris.
212
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GRYDYRYNE. Craticula, craticu-
lum, CATH. cratis.
GRYEFARE, or graffare. Insertor.
GRYFFE, or graffe.1 Surculus.
GRYFFYN', or graffyn'. Insero.
GRYFFYNGE, or graffynge. In-
sercio, insertura.
GRYFFOWN, beest.2 Grifo, grifes,
c. F.
(GRYL, infra in GRYM.)S
GRYM, or sterne (storre, K. stoore,
H. P.) Austens, rigidus.
GRYM, gryl, and horryble. Hor-
ridus, horribilis.
(GRYMNESSE, or stornesse, K.
stoorenesse, p. Austeritas, rigor.}
GRYMNESSE, or horrybylnesse.
Horror, horribilitas.
GRYNDYN'. Molo, CATH.
GRYNDYNGE of a mylle. Mola-
tura, multura, UG.
GRYNDYNGSTONE, or myllestone.
Molaris, UG.
GRYNDYNGSTONE, or grynstone.
Mola, CATH.
GRYPE, byrde 4 Vultur.
GRYPPE, or a gryppel, where
watur rennythe a-way in a londe,
1 An engrafted scion is called in Norfolk a greft, or grift, according to Forby, who
proposes as an etymon Ang.-Sax. grseft, sculptile. " Grafte, or gryffe of a tree, eiite.
I gryfl'e a gryffe, je ente.""1 PALSG.
'•* This fabulous animal is particularly described by Sir John Maundevile, in his account
of Bacharie. " In that contree ben many griffounes, more plentee than in ony other
contree. Sum men seyn that thei han the body upward as an eagle, and benethe as a
lyoune, and treuly thei seyn sothe that thei ben of that schapp. But o griffoun hathe the
body more gret, and is more strong thanne viij. lyouns, of suche lyouns as ben o this half,
and more gret and strongere than an c. egles, suche as we han amonges us." He further
states that a griffin would bear to its nest a horse, or a couple of oxen yoked to the plough;
its talons being like horns of great oxen, and serving as drinking cups; and of the ribs
and wing feathers strong bows were made. See p. 325. Casley observes that in the
Cotton Library there was such a cup, 4 ft. in length, silver-hooped, and inscribed " Griphi
unguis divo Cuthberto Dunelmensi sacer ; " another curiously mounted as a standing cup,
on an eagle's leg of silver, is still preserved in the cabinet of antiquities at Paris, in the
King's Library, having been brought, at the Revolution, with the spoils of the treasury
of St. Denis. A curious account of it is given by Doublet, in his history of that abbey,
p. 343. From an ancient MS. Invent, of the treasury of Bayeux Cathedral, it appears
that three such talons were there preserved, and on solemn occasions appended to the
altar, as precious rarities. A " corne de griffoun " is mentioned in the Kalend. of Exch.
iii. 176. The egg was likewise preserved as a valuable curiosity, and used as a goblet;
see the lists of the jewels and plate of Edw. III. 1338, ibid. pp. 171, 172. " Item, j
oefde griffon (/amis d' argent, od pie et coverde." The griffin was assumed by the Le
Despenser family, and the upper part appears as the crest on the helm of Hugh le
Despenser, who died 1349, exhibited on his tomb at Tewkesbury. Another strikingly
designed representation of this curious animal is seen at Warwick, at the feet of Richard
Beauchamp, who died 1439.
3 R. Brunne uses this word in the sense of stern, or cruel. He says of Rufus,
" To riche men was he grille, of pouer held no tales." Langton, Chron. p. 92.
It is thus used by Chaucer. See also Amis and Amiloun, 1275, 1802; Towneley Myst.
p. 137; Covent. Myst. p. 230; Reliqu. Ant. ii. 166 ; Jamieson, v. Grylle.
" A gripe, griphes, vultur." CATH. ANG. This obsolete appellation of the vulture has
been derived from Ang.-Sax. gripan, rapere, but more probably from the Lat. gryps,
or the French. " Orrype, a beest, eyripe." PALSG. It must, however, be observed
PROMPTOIUUM PARVULORUM.
213
or watur forowe (a grippull, p.)1
Aratiuncula, CATH. UG. in aro
(aquayium, K. aquarium, p.)
GRYPYN. Comprimo, rimolo, CATH.
(involo, p.)2
GRYPYNGE wythe ]>Q hande, or
ober lyke. Gonstrictio, com-
pressio, (striccio, p.)
GRYSYL. Horridus, terribilis.
GRYSTYLLE of the nose. Carti-
lago.
GROCERE, marchawnte.3 Gros-
sarius, assecla, c. F. seplesarius.
(GROME, s. p.) Gromus.
GROMALY, herbe (gromely sede?
K. p.)4 Milium solis.
that the grype and the griffon are frequently confounded. " Gripho, nomen avis, a grype.
Griphes vel gripe, genus animalis, a grype. Vultur est avis mag no, et rapax : ut dicunt,
de aere et non de concubitu concipit, a grype." ORTUS. " Vaultour, a vulture, geire,
gripe, or grap ; a ravenous bird. Griffon, a gripe or griffon." COTG. Holinshed says in
the Hist, of the Conquest of Ireland, B. ii. c. 18, that the "griph or geire is a kind of
eagle, but such as is ravenous, and feedeth more vpon carren than upon anie foule of his
owne preieng ; and for his cowardnesse carieth neither the name nor praise apperteining
to the true eagle." The egg of the grype, frequently mentioned as a rarity much valued,
and used as a drinking-cup, is probably to be referred to the fabulous animal, the griffon,
and may have been merely the egg of the ostrich. Gower relates that Albinus kept the
skull of Germund, which was fashioned as a goblet,
*' And polysshed was eke so clene,
That no sygne of the sculle was sene,
But, as it were, a grype's eye." Conf. Am. lib. i.
" Item, un coupe fait d'un gripesei garnisez d* argent endorrez, steant sur un pee de iij-
kenettes, et le coverkel enaymellez dedeinz et dehors ove ij. kenetts, pois ij. Ib. vj. unc. di^
List of crown jewels, &c. delivered 1 Hen. IV. 1399. In the same inventory are named
six "hanaps" or drinking cups called " gryppeshey." Kalend. of Exch. iii. 319, 330.
In the will of William Gascoigne, Lord Chief Justice, dated 1419, is mentioned " ciphus^
vocatus a gryp ey, ligatus cum argento, et deaurato." Testam. Ebor. i. 303. In the
Invent, of Fountains Abbey, taken at the dissolution, and given by Burton, occurs the
item, " A grype schill, with a covering gilt, 27 oz."
1 " Aratiuncula, fossa parva que instar sulci aratur." CATH. The term grype occurs
in an award, dated 1424, relating to the bounds of lands of the Prior of Bodmin, as
follows : " The bounde that corny th thurgh the doune — goyng don to another stone
stondynge of olde tyme in the bank of a grype, —and so the diche (called Kenediehe) and
the gripe, &c." Mon. Ang. new ed. from Harl. Cart. 57 A. 35. This word is still used
in Sussex, and many parts of England. In Norfolk, Forby states that a trench, not
amounting to a ditch, is called a grup; if narrower still, a grip; and if extremely narrow,
a gripple. See Ray, Brockett, Craven Dial, and Jamieson. A.-S. grep, sulcus.
2 The Winch. MS. agrees here in giving rimolo, a word not found in the Catholicon.
Involo is there rendered " in vola illiquid continere, a void, quod est media pars manus."
3 Marchanwte, MS. The original meaning of the term grocer is defined in the stat.
37 Edw. III. 1363, respecting " Marckauntz nomez grossers," so called because they
" engrossent totes matters des marchandises vendables,"" and kept them back in order to
sell at an improved price. Stat. of Realm, i. 379. In the following century they were
established as a distinct trade ; see the " Incorporatio Groceriorum Land." Pat. 7 Hen.
VI. and another patent in the year following, "pro custod1 misterce Groceries." Before
the early part of the XVIth cent, their dealings seem to have become limited to grocery,
as now understood: thus Palsgrave gives " grocer, grassier, espicier." Seplassarius is
explained as meaning " negotiator, qui multa venundat." See Ducange.
4 " Grumelle, milium, gramen solis." CATH. ANG. The common gromwell, or grey
214
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GRONGE, or grange, place. Gran-
gia (grancia, P.)
GROYNE of a swyne (grony, K. H. p.
groney, s. grony, or growynynge
lyke a swyne, HARL. MS. 2274. )*
Rostrum porcinum, scropha
porcina, KYLW.
GRONY, magry, infra in M.
GRONYN', as seke menn. Gemo.
(GRONYYN, or grochyn, K. gronen
or grutchen, p. MurmuroS)
GRONYN', or grutchyn priuely,
quod dicitur (to byd, p.) |>e
dyvelys pater nosier. Mucio,
CATH. musso, UG. in mugio.
GRONYNGE of seke menn. Ge-
mitus.
GROYNYNGE of swyne (gronyinge,
p.)2 Grunnitus.
GRONYYNGE, or grutchynge (gro-
ching, K.) Murmur.
GROPYN', or felyn' wythe hande.3
Palpo.
GROPYNGE. Palpado.
(GROPYS of corne, supra in
CRAPPE.)4
GROSON, or grocyfi' vp, or take
mony (grete, s.) thyngys to-
gedur(or take all, P.) Ingrosso.
GROTE of mony. Grossus.
millet, Lithospermum offlcinale, Linn, was formerly esteemed as a remedy for the stone,
and other diseases ; according to the observations of Gerard, Parkinson, Langham, and
similar writers. Tusser enumerates " gromwell seed, for the stone," among herbs which
ought to be found in the farmer's garden. See March's Abstract. See also a treatise
on the virtues of plants, written in the XVth cent. Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 76, b. where
the following description is given : " Oranum, solis ys an herbe J?at me clepyj> gromel, or
ly>ewale ; thys herbe haj> leuys ]?at be euelong, and a lytyl white flour, and he ha> whyte
seede ischape as a ston that me clepy> a margery perl." Cotgrave gives " Gremil, grenil,
the hearb gromill, grummell, or gray mill, peare-plant, lichewall;" and lilhospermum is
thus rendered by Elyot : " an herb which hath sedes like stones, and groweth in corn,
some do suppose it to be grummell." The word is derived by Skinner " a granin, sc.
lapideis, quce pro seminibus habet, q. d. granite."
1 Chaucer says, in the Persone's Tale, that " the Proverbe of Solomon likeneth a faire
woman that is a fool of hire body, to a ring of gold that is worne in the groine of a sowe."
See also the Towneley Mysteries, p. 89. In Norfolk, according to Forby, a hog's snout
is called the grunny. Compare the Craven Glossary, v. Groon, and Brockett, v. Groin.
" Groyne of a swyne, groyng."1"1 PALSG. Skinner derives this word from Fr. " Groin de
porceau, the snowt of a hog." COTG. Bp. Kennett gives "grim, the upper lip of a beast,
Bor. Island, gron, bovis labrum superius." Lansd. MS. 1033.
2 See the note on GRUNTON' , as swyne, hereafter.
3 " Palpo, i. manibus contrectare, to groope. Palpalis, gropeable." MED.
" Thise curates ben so negligent and slow
To gropen tendrely a conscience." Sompnoure's Tale.
" He gropeth unclenly (contrectat) children and maydens.'' HORM. " I grope a thyng
that I do nat se, or proue a thynge, ie taste. I grope, as one dothe the wall or place
whan he gothe darkelyng, ie vas a taston." PALSG. " Tastonner, to feel, grope, touch,
handle, stroke. Fouiller, to grope, search, feele all over." COTG. Thomas, in his
Italian Grammar, gives " tentone, gropyngly, as he that goeth in the derke." Ang.-Sax.
gropian, palpare.
4 The word GROPYS is given as it is frequently found in the MS.; but the reading is
possibly corrupt. The Winchester MS. instead of CRAPPE, or gropys, gives crap, or
crappis of corn'. " Acus, chaffe, or craps." MED. MS. CANT.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
215
GROTON, or ingroton wythe mete
or drynke(grotyyn,or ingrotyyn,
K.) Ingurgito.
GROVE, lytyl wode. Lucus,
C. F.
GROWELLE or grewelle.1 Li-
gumen, puls, farinacium, c. F.
farratum, UG. in frango,
grumus, gruellum, COMM.
GROVELYNGE, or grovelyngys,
adv.z Suppine (resupine, s.)
GROVELYNGE, nom. Suppinus
(resupinus, s.)
GROWY??', or waxyn'. Cresco,
CATH. on'or, UG.
GROWYN AGYD. Seneo.
GROWE BLYNDE, or lame.
GROWE BALLYD. Calvesco.
GROWE BLAKE. Nigresco.
GROWE BRYGHTE, or clere. Cla-
resco.
GROWE ELD, idem quod GROWE
AGYD, supra (growe olde, p.)
GROWE GRENE, idem quod GRENYN,
supra.
GROWNE HARDE. Induresco. CATH.
GROWE NESCHE. Mollesco.
GROWE OLDE, as clothys or oj>er
thyngys lyke, ]>at weryii' (weryt,
K.) Veterasco, CATH.
GROWE REEDE. Rubesco.
GROWE SOWYR, or sowryfi'.
Acesco.
GROWE WHYTE. Albesco.
GROWE WOOD, or ma(d)de (wod,
K. woode, or madde, or oothe, s.)
Furesco.
GROWE YONGE. Juvenesco.
(GROWE WYLDE, P. Indomesco.)
GROWYNGE, or waxynge (or
spryngynge, infra.) Crescencia.
GROWNDE.S Fundum.
1 " Puls est cibiis ex aqu& et farind factus ; dicitur a pello, quia pellit infirmitatem,
Anglice, gruell or pappe." ORTUS. " Grewelle, puls. Growelle, uli potage." CATH.
ANG. " Grus, gruell, or water wherein any corne is boiled, corne-broth. Orgee, barly
gruell." COTG. In Huloet's Dictionary the term is applied to food that is not farina-
ceous. " Grewell, Olus, pulmentum, zomas. Grewell, forcet, or stewed broth, offella,
offula."
2 In Norfolk and Suffolk the phrase " to lie grubblins," or with the face downwards,
is still in use. See Forby and Moore ; see also Jamieson, v. Grufeling. " Grufelynge,
supinus. To make grufelynge, sitpinare." CATH. ANG. " Grouelyng, couche a dens"
PALSG. In the Towneley Mysteries, where Isaac, about to be sacrificed, quakes for fear
of the bright sword that was held over him, Abraham speaks thus :
" Therfor groflynges thou shalle be layde,
Then when I stryke thou shalle not see." p. 40.
Herman says that "a full stomacke is digest with watche, and slepynge grouelynge
(prond in faciem dormitione.y Dr. Turner, in his Herbal, directs that date-stones
should be planted " groveling." In the Romance of Kyng Alis. the word " wombe-
lyng " occurs in a like signification, line 5647. Chaucer uses " groff " repeatedly in
the sense of prostrate.
" And groff he fell all platte upon the ground/' Prioresse's T. 13,605.
3 " A grunde, fundamentum, fundus, grunda, grundatorium." CATH. AXG. The
word ground has in the old writers the sense of the bottom of anything, as the deep or
abyss. Ang.-Sax. grund, fundiis. Gower uses the expression " a groundless pit," and
in the Golden Legend it is related that seven devils were sent to burn the ship in which
the relics of St. Stephen were translated, " but the aungell of our Lorde plunged them
216
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GROWNDE, or flore. Area.
GROWNDE of byggy(n)ge, or fun-
dament (of a byldyng, s.) Fun-
damentum, fundus, c. F.
GROWNYDYD (growndid, K.ground-
ed, p.) Fundatus.
GROWNDYN', or sett a grownde.
Fundo.
GROWYNDYN' yn a mortere
(growndyn, K. s. grounden, p.)
Tritus, pinsus, CATH. pilatus,
CATH.
GROWNDYN yn a mylle. Molitus,
multus, CATH.
GROWNDESOPE of any lycoure
(growndynge soppis off lycure
HARL. MS. 2274, grownd sope, s.
grounsop, p.)1 Fex, sedimen.
GROWPE, where beestys, as nete,
standyn (grovpe of netys stal,
K. groupe of a netys stall, H. p.)2
Musitatorium, KYLW. bozetaria,
UG. v. (musatorium, K. H. mus-
satorium, P. suffusorium, s.)
GROWPE, yn aboorde.Incastratura.
GROWPYD, as boordys, or oj>er
Jjyrigys. Incastratus.
GROWPYN' wythe an yryn, as gra-
vowrys.3 Runco, CATH. in
runcina (incastro, K. p.)
(the devils) downe in to the grounde of the see." Hence it also signifies the lowest
part of a building, the foundation. Robert Brunne speaks of " be groundwalle Jrik " of
Berwick Castle (Langt. Chron. p. 210.); and in the contract for building Fotheringhay
Church, A.D. 1435, the foundations are termed " the ground- work." Mon. Ang. iii.
Sir John Maundevile gives the Greek inscription which was seen on the rock whereon
the cross of the Saviour had been set, thus rendered : " Quod vides est fundamentum
(/3a<rtg) totius fidei hujus mundi, that is to seye, that thou seest is ground of alle the
feythe of this world." p. 92. Palsgrave gives " grounde, the botome of a foundation of
any tbyag, /OA&Ettan."
1 " Grounde soppe in lycoure, pain trempe. Groundes, lyse of any lycour, lie."
PALSG. The term appears to imply a sop or sippet, by which the dregs, still called
the grounds, may be soaked up.
2 A grup or groop signifies in Norfolk a trench, narrower than a ditch, as has been
observed in the note on the word GRYPPE. In the North the term retains the signifi-
cation assigned to it above. See Brockett, Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. Bp.
Kennett likewise notes this use of the word : " groop, or grupe, a ditch or trench, es-
pecially that which runs across the length of the byer, or cow-house ; Bar.1' Lansd.
MS. 1033. Skinner suggests the derivation from Ang.-Sax. groepe, latrina, scobs.
" Minsorium, a grope." ORTUS. " A grupe, minsorium.'" CATH. ANG. Gouldman,
in his Dictionary, 1664, gives " a groope in stables and houses, mtftfAorrom," from
" minthos, dung or ordure." ELYOT. Mtv0og, stercus. Ugucio gives the same expla-
nation which is found in the Catholicon, " minsatorium, locus ad mingendum, quod
recipit ttrtreom." The reading of the Winchester MS. agrees with that of the Harl. text,
musitatorium, but the word appears to require correction.
3 " liunco, to grope. Runco, a gropere. Runcina, a wedehoke, and a gropynge
yrone." MED. MS. CANT. "Runcina est quoddam artificium, falri lignarii gracile et
recurvum, quo cavantur tabule, ut una alteri connectatur ; Anglice, a gryppynge yron."
ORTUS. " A grupynge yrene, runcina." CATH. ANG. This implement, which, as it
has been observed in the note on the word FORMOWRE, was probably similar to what
is now termed a gouge, called by Palsgrave " formour or grublyng yron ; " and used to
form grooves or incisions. Ang.-Sax. grsep, sulcus. Palsgrave gives the verb "I growpe,
(Lydgate) sculpe, or suche as coulde graue, groupe, or carue : this word is nat vsed in
comen spetche."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
217
GROWPYNGE. Incastracio, c. F.
GROW(P)YNGE or gravynge yryn'
(growpinge yron, K. P.) Run-
cina, CATH. scropliina, CATH.
GROWTE for ale.1 Granomellum.
GRUBBARE in ]>e erthe, or oj>er
thynggys (grovblare, H. grow-
blar, P.) Fossor, confessor, fos-
satrix.
GRUBBYN' yn the erthe. Fodico,
CATH. et c. F.
GRUBYNGE (grublyng, H. growb-
linge, P.) Confossio.
(GRUBBYNGE yryn of gravowrys,
supra in FORMOWRE, et in
GROW(P)YNGE yryn'.)
GRUDGYNGE of sekenesse. Sub-
murmur, CATH.
GRUTCHARE (gruchar, K.) Mur-
murator, murmuratrix.
GRUTCHYD. Murmuratus.
GROTCHYNGE. Murmuracio, mur-
mur, CATH.
GRUTCHON (gruchyn, K.)2 Mur-
muro.
GRUNTARE. Grunnitor.
1 In the Ortus agromellum and granomellum are rendered " growte ;" and idromellum
is explained thus: " potus ex aqua et melle, Anglice mede or growte." " Growte, idro-
mellum, agromelhtm, acromellum, granomellum. " CATH. ANG. This term properly implies
ground malt, or the first infusion preparatory to brewing, which is thus distinguished in
Harl. MS. 1002, f. 114. " Worte, siromellum, sed growte dicas agromellum." Ang.-Sax.
5rut,/ar, condimentum cerevisice. In medieval Latin it was called grutum, or grudum ;
see in Rokewode's Hist. Suff. pp. 31, 32, a document in which mention occurs of grudum
ordei. In old French malt was called gru, or grust, according to Roquefort ; but Pals-
grave gives the word " grout that serueth to brewyng, in Fraunce there is none vsed."
G. de Bibelesworth, who wrote in the reign of Edw. I. gives a curious account of the mode
of brewing, in which " grout '' occurs as a gloss on the word " berzize," which is not
found in the glossaries, and may pissibly be a barbarous compound of here, a drink, or
ber, barley, and zithitm, which, according to Borel, was the Gaulish appellation of beer.
The term grout is not used in the detailed account of brewing given by Harrison in the
description of England, B. ii. c. 6, Holinsh. i. 169. In the North, according to Coles,
Ray, and the Craven Glossary, grout signifies wort of the last running. Bp. Kennett
gives the following note " Grout, growt : in Leicestershire the liquor with malt infused
for ale and beer, before it is fully boiled, is called grout, and before it is tunned up in the
vessel, is called wyrt, or wort. Ang.-Sax. grut, nova cervisia. They have in the West a
thick sort of ale, which they call grout-ale, and it is in most places a common proverb, as
thick as growt. Kilian, grauwt, condimeidum cerevisice.'1'1 Lansd. MS. 1033. The term
was not, perhaps, exclusively confined to denote farinaceous mixtures for the purpose of
brewing ; thus land in Addington, Surrey, was held by the serjeanty of making in an
earthern pot in the royal kitchen, on the day of coronation, a mess called " diligrout,"
as stated by Blount, in his Jocular Tenures, p. 50. In the Plac. Cor. 39 Hen. III.
it is called " le mess de gyron," or, if compounded with fat, it was termed " mau-
pigyrnun."
a In the Wicliffite version the following use of this verb is found, Jos. x. 21 : " No
man was hardi to grucche (e>er to make pryuy noise, muiire, Vulg.) a3enus >e sones of
Israel." Sir John Maundevile speaks of " the welle that Moyses made with his hond
in the desertes, when the people grucched, for thei fownden no thing to drynke." It
is said in the Golden Legend, that " when the herte is full of grace, hym oughte not
grutche by impacyence." In the Vision of Piers P. and Chaucer's Works, the word
occurs frequently. " Fremeo, i. murmurare, to grudge. Muriuvro, to grutche. Su-
nni-rinht dii-itttr Mummmtio, a grutchynge." OUTUS. " To gruche, dedignwi, mur-
0AM O. Wt.NJ. 2 F
218 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GRUNTYNGE. Grunnitus.
GRUNTON' as swyne.1 Grunnio.
GRUTE, fylthe.2 Limus.
GuGAW,3 idem quod FLOWTE,
pype, supra in F. ; et giya,
KYLW.
GUMME. Gumma, vel gvmmi,
CATH. et c. F. et UG. in gutta.
(GuNNE, s. p.)4 Petraria, Dice, et
COMM. mangonale, KYLW. mu-
rusculum, c. F. gunna, et idem
estfictum (magonale, p.)
murare, mussare, susurrare. A grucher, susurro," &c. CATH. ANG. Palsgrave gives the
verb " I grutche, groudge, repyne, or murmure against a thyng ; ie grommelle, &c. ]
haue a greater thruste than I was wonte, as sycke folkes that be grutched of an axes. I
groudge, as one dothe yl hathe a groudgyng of the axes, ie frilonne, and ie fremis.
I groyne, I grutche, or murmure agaynst a thyng, ie grongne, ie grommelle." Skinner
would seek a derivation from the French. " Gruger, to grudge, repine, mutter." COTG.
1 Grunnio, to groone, as a sowe. Qi-unnitui, gronynge." MED. MS. CANT. Ang.-Sax.
grunnan, grunnire. Horman says that " swyne wode for loue groyneth (subant) and let
passe from them a poyson called aprine." Compare GROYNYNGE of swyne, above. Pals-
grave gives the verb " I grunte, as a horse dothe whan he is spored, or as any beest dothe
whan he complayneth, ie groigne, and ie gronce, expressed in I grudge."
3 GURTE, MS. In all the other MSS. as likewise in the printed editions, the word grut
is given, which seems to be the correct reading, as appears also by its place in alphabetical
order. Ang.-Sax. greot, pulvis.
" The toun dykes on every syde,
They wer depe, and ful wyde,
Full of grut, no man myghte swymme." R. Coer de Lion, 4339.
3 Various etymologies have been proposed of the word gugaw, in its ordinary sense ;
" Crepundia, toyes or gugawes for children, as rattles, clappers, &c. Junius, by Higins.
" Baliole, atrifle, whim-wham, gugaw, or small toy for a child to play withall." COTG. Skinner
suggests Ang.-Saxon gegaf, nugce, or heawgas, simulachra, or the French word joyau, but
gogue or gogaille seems more nearly to resemble it, and signifies, according to Roquefort,
" bagatelle, plaisanterie. Gogoyer, se rejouir," &c. It would, however, seem that the
word is here given as synonymous with flute, and the inquiry suggests itself whether it had
originally denoted some musical instrument, and thence been used in a more general sig-
nification. According to Roquefort there was a wind instrument called gigue, and this
statement corresponds with the observation of Ferrari, that giga, Ital. may be derived from
yiypcre, a kind of flute. It is singular that, according to Brockett and Jamieson, a Jew's
harp is called in N. Britain a gewgaw, but in that instance, as likewise here, in the Promp-
torium, it seems probable that the word is used merely in reference to that with which
idle disport may be taken, like trifles in childhood.
4 " A gunne, fundibalum, muruscuhim. A gunner, fundibalarius , fundibalista.'1'
CATH. ANG. written A.D. 1483. The difficulty of ascertaining with precision the period
of the introduction of engines from which missiles were propelled by means of gunpowder
arises chiefly from the circumstance, to which allusion is made by Selden, that the term
gun, supposed by Somner to be merely a contraction of mango, or mangona, may have
been used to denote some engine of war, long before the application of gunpowder to such
purpose. Mr. Douce observes that the earliest mention of " gonnes " is found in the
Romance of Kyng Alisaunder, line 3268 ; but in his note on that passage he says that
it must not be concluded that they were used with powder, as originally they might have
been engines of the catapult kind. Weber, Metr. Rom. iii. 306. The same remark
applies to the account of the siege sustained by Kynge Aragus, who
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 219
GUNNARE, or he j>at swagythe a I GURNARD, fysslie. Gurnardus,
gimne. PetrariuSj mangonalius. \ gallus marinus, COMM.
1 ordeyned hym ful well
With gonnes, and grete stones rounde
Were throwen downe to the grounde." Syr Tryamoure, 955.
In the Avowynge of Kyng Arther, a " gunne " is mentioned, the effect of which is com-
pared to lightning, but it is still doubtful whether the term should be understood to
imply a projectile impelled by any ignited substance, or merely filled therewith.
" There came fliand a gunne,
And lemet as the leuyn." St. 65, edit, by Mr. Robson.
It seems very probable that the missile here intended was a tube filled with Greek fire,
or feu volant. In several MSS. of the Practica of John Arderne, a surgeon of eminence
t. Edw. III. instructions are found for compounding "fewes Oregois " and " f ewes volants :"
the latter being a liquid mixture, described as of an oily nature, with which a pipe being
filled, and ignited by a match, would fly in any direction. A figure is given in the
margin. He proceeds to describe "fewe volant'1'' of another kind. " Pernez j. li. de
soufre vif, de charbones de saux, (i. weloghe,) ij. li., de salpetre, vj. li. si lesfetez lien et
sotelment moudre sur un piere de marbre, puis bultez le poudre jmrmy vn sotille couerchiff.
Cest poudre vault a gettere pelottes de fer, ou de plom, ou d'areyne, oue vn instrument qe
Vein appelle gonne." See Sloane MSS. 335, 795. A detailed account of passages in
ancient documents or chronicles which throw light on this obscure subject has been
given by Sir S. Meyrick, in his Crit. Enquiry, and a paper on the history of hand fire-
arms, Archsaol. xxii. ; and likewise by Mr. Archibald, in his description of ancient
artillery discovered on the coast of Lancashire, Archgeol. xxviii. It may here suffice
to state that gunpowder was known in Western Europe about the middle of the XHIth
cent. ; and that the earliest recorded instance of its use in war, in this country, appears
to have been in the first expedition of Edward III. against the Scots, in 1327, when
artillery, termed by Barbour "crakys of wer," was employed. See Jamieson. There can
be no doubt that Chaucer uses the term " gonne," to signify an engine charged with
gunpowder; as in the following comparison :
" Swift as a pellet out of a gonne,
When fire is in the pouder ronne." House of Fame, B. iii.
The Household of Edw. III. as appears by the ordinances which commence 1341, printed
by the Ant. Soc., comprised " Ingyners Ivij. Artellers vj. Gonners vj." Their daily pay in
time of war was 6d. The invention of hand fire-arms is assigned by Sir S. Meyrick, on
the authority of Billius, to the Lucquese, in 1430 ; (Archaeol. xxii. 60) yet a prior use of
eome weapons of the sort seems to be indicated. In an Inventory of the arms and effects
of Sir Simon Burley, taken apparently after his execution, 1338, and now in the posses-
sion of Sir Thomas Phillipps, among " pctites choses a Baynard Castell,'' is named '• j.
petit gonne de feer."1' In the Pell Records, 1 Hen. IV. 1400, payments appear for
" quarell gunnes," at 7s. each; for saltpetre, sulphur, and wadding; and the contem-
porary evidence of Monstrelet shews that " bostons a feu " were among the arms of the
English sent to the relief of the siege of Orleans, in 1428. Hand-guns are named among
purchases for the defence of Holy Island, 144(3; and were used at the siege of Caistor,
in Norfolk, about 1459. Paston Lett. iv. 316. In the version of Vegecius attributed to
Trevisa, and completed 1408, in the account of military engines, allusion is made to
" grete gonnes that shete now a daies stones of so grete peyse that no walle may with-
stonde them; as hathe be wele shewede bothc in the Northe cuntre, and eke in the
werres of Wales." 15. iv. c. 22, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII.
220
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
GUTTE, or tharme. Viscus, sumen.
GUTTON'. Exentero.
HABURYONE, or hawberk (habu-
rion, K. P. haburgyn, s. habu-
rinne, HARL. MS. 2274.)1 Lo-
rica.
HACHET, or hakchyp. Securi-
cula, OATH.
HADDOK, fysche. Morius, KYLW.
HAGAS, puddynge (hakkys, pud-
dyngys, 8. hageys, H.)2 Tu-
cetum, UG. in tundo.
HAYE, net to catche conys wythe
1 The term habergeon appears properly to be a diminutive of hawberk, although here
given as synonymous. Wace, in his Roman de Rou, written about 1160, describes the
Conqueror as armed, at the battle of Hastings, with a " boen haubert ;" but Odo, his
half-brother, Bishop of Bayeux, who could not decorously assume the complete military
equipment, and rode with a staff merely to stimulate the combatants, provided himself
with this partial defence.
' Un haubergeon avoit vestu,
De sor une chemise blanche."1"1
T. ii. 220, edit, by Pluquet.
The precept of Randolph III., Earl of Chester, to his barons, about the close of the
Xlllth cent, requires that their knights and free tenants should have " loricas, et hau-
bergella;" and the ordinance of Hen. III. 1252, " super jitratis ad arma," directs that
every man, according to the rate of his land and chattels, should arm himself either
with the lorica, the haberffetvtb, called also in this document haubercus, or the per-
punctiim. The stat. of Winchester, 13 Edw. I. 1285, makes the same distinction between
the haulerg', haubergeon, and parpoint, to be used by the three classes respectively,
according to their assessment. Stat. of Realm, i. 97. From these authorities it is evident
that the habergeon was a defence of an inferior description to the hawberk; and when
the introduction of plate armour in the reign of Edw. III. had supplied more convenient
and effectual defences for the legs and thighs, the long skirt of the hawberk became
superfluous; from that period the habergeon alone seems to have been worn. This,
in its turn, being superseded by the cuirass, was reduced to the mere apron of mail ;
but at the time when the Promptorium was compiled, the expensive nature of plate
armour caused its use to be restricted, and combatants of the lower classes were content
to arm themselves with the brigandine, or the habergeon. The value of three " hau-
buriounes," in 1374, was 13 marks: see Invent, of Edward de Appelby, Sloane Cart.
xxxi. 2. Milan was celebrated for the manufacture of this defence: in a document dated
33 Hen. VI. relating to armour delivered out of the Tower, are mentioned " haberg'ons,
some of Meleyn, and some of Westewale," that is, probaMy, Westphalia, or the Wester-
wald, where the iron-works of Solingen have long been in repute. Archzeol. xvi. 125.
In the Inventory of Sir John Fastolfe's armoury, 1459, are likewise found " iij. har-
buryones of PMilayne." Archseol. xxi. 271. In the Wicliffite version Goliath is said to
have had " a brasun basynet on his heed, and he was clobid wij? an haburion hokid (e]?er
mailid, lorica squamata," Vulg.) " He shal clo|>e ri3tfulnesse for an haburioun (pro
thorace, Vulg.) and he shal take certeyn doom for a basynet." Sapiens, v. 15. " Bilix,
lorica que contexitur duobus liciis accumulatis, a hawbergion ; ita trilix. Pancerium est
lorica, an haberyon." OIITUS. "An haberion, lorica; hec trilex est lorica ex tribus (liciis^
confecta." CATH. ANG. " Haulbergyn of mayle, aulbergon, haullerion.'" PALSG. See
Ducange, v. Halslerga; and Jamieson, v. Awbyrchowne.
2 This dish, now considered as almost exclusively a Northern delicacy, seems to have
been anciently in more general esteem. A curious metrical recipe is found in the Liber
Cure cocorum, Sloane MS. 1986, f. 103. " Omasus, i. tripa vel ventriculus qui continet
alia viscera, a trype, or a podynge, or a wesaunt, or hagges. Twcetum, hagas; tuce-
terius, hagas maker." ORTUS. " Haggas, a podyng, caliette de moulon.1" PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
221
(hay net, P. hanet, w.)1 Cassis.
c. F.
HAYYN' for conyys. Cassia, c. F.
in cassis.
HAYL. Grando.
HAYLYN'. Grandinat.
HAYRYF, herbe (harryyf, s.)2
Rubea (szc) vel rubia minor,
et major dicitur madyr.
HAYYR, or liayre.3 Cilicium.
HAYHT, harry.4
HAKENEY, horse. Bajulus, equi-
ferus.
HAKKYN'. Sectulo.
" Gogue, a sheep's paunch, and thence, a haggas made of good herbs, chopt lard, spices,
eggs, and cheese." COTG. " Tucetum, a meate made with chopped fleshe, lyke to a gygot,
or alowe." ELYOT. See Jamieson, and Dr. Hunter's Culina famulatrix Medicines.
1 Forby explains hay-net as signifying in Norfolk " a hedge net, a long low net, to
prevent hares or rabbits from escaping to covert, in or through hedges." See also
Moore. In a lease dated 1572, in the manor of Hawsted, Suffolk, the landlord reserves
the right of " hawking, haying," &c. that is, rabbit-netting. Cullum's Hawsted, p. 198.
" Haye, a net for connes, bourcettes a chasser." PALSG. " Tendere plagas, to pytche
hayes, or nettes. Casses, nets which may be called haies." ELYOT. " Toiles, toils, or
a hay to inclose or intangle wild beasts in. Pan, a toyle or hay wherewith wild beasts are
caught." COTG. The word is doubtless derived from Ang.-Sax. haeg, or hege, septum. In
the edition of the Ortus in Mr. Wilbraham's library, dausura is rendered " a closse, or
a heye." Haye occurs elsewhere in the sense of an enclosure; thus in the'gloss on the
" liber vccatus equus,"" called in the Promptorium •' Distigim," written by John de
Garlandia, occurs " Cimiterium, chyrche-haye.'' Harl. MS. 1002. In the Golden
Legend it is said, " he had — foule way thorugh hayes and hedges, woodes, stones, hylles
and valeys." f. 68, b.
2 " Harife, rubium minor, herba est." CATH. ANG. The Galium aparine is called in
the North, according to Ray, " Hariff and catchweed, goose-grease;" according to
Parkinson it was reckoned by the old botanists as a kind of madder ; but he does not
give the name hayryf, which is probably derived from the asperity of its stalks. In some
places it is called hairough. Palsgrave gives " haylife, an herbe."
3 " Cilicium, velamen factum de pilis caprarum, Anglice a heere." ORTUS. " An
haire, aUdiim." CATH. ANG. " Hayre for parfite men, Tiayre."1' PALSG.
** Hastily J>ei hent hem on heijresse ful rowe,
Next here bare bodi, and bare fot >ei went."
Will, and Werw. p. 172.
In the version of Vegecius is a description of the military engine called the " snayle or
welke (testudo), a frame of goode tymber, shaped square, keuerede and hillede alle
a-boute wythe rawe hides, or with feltes, and heyres, for drede of brynnyng." Roy. MS.
18 A. XII. f. 105. Among the trades, in the order of the pageants of the Play of
Corpus Christi, at York, 1415, " hayresters " are mentioned. Drake, App. In the
Golden Legend the term hayre is of frequent occurrence, signifying a garment of morti-
fication. St. Thomas clothed himself with an " hard heyre, full of knottes, whiche was
his sherte, and his breche was of the same." And again, during grievous pestilence,
" they couered the crosse and the auters with blyssed hayres ; and thus we sholde take on
vs clothyng of penaunce." In medieval Latin a shaggy garment was termed kaira,
according to Ducange. Ang.-Sax. hsera, cilicium.
4 Chaucer describes a cart that had stuck in a deep way,
" The carter smote, and cryde as he were wode,
Heit Scot ! Heit Brok ! what, spare ye for the nones ?" Frere's Tale.
In the Eastern counties, according to Forby and Moore, the ejaculation Hait-wo ! or
222
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HAKKYNGE, or hewynge. Sectio.
HAKE, fysche. Squilla, glossd
Merarii.
HALE, or tente.1 Papilio, scena,
CATH. et c. F.
HALE, or cyrcle a-bowte J>e mone.
Halo, c. F.
HALLE. Aula, atrium.
HALF, or halfundele. Dimidius,
semis.
HALF a buschel, or eytendele (half
or a bowndel, boshel, or ethyn-
del, s. or tynt, H. p.)2 Saturn,
CATH. UG. v. in S.
HALF a ferthynge.3 Calcus, c. F.
et variatur q. cum cu (q. vel
qu, s.)
HALY, or be-hatyd.4 Exosus,
c. F.
HALYDAY (halliday, K.) Festi-
Height ! is now used only to turn a cart-horse to the left ; and Ree ! is given by the
latter as a command which causes a movement to the right. Bp. Kennelt gives " to
hite up and down, to run idly about, North; Hitkig, gadding abroad. Sax. yting,
peregre. In Yorkshire for Gee oo, the carters say Hite and ree. Height nor ree,
neither go nor drive, spoken of a wilful person." Lansd. MS. 1033. See Yorksh. Dial,
p. 58. HAYHT is not found in any other MS. of the Promptorium. Harry appears to
be the imperative mood of the word HARYYN', which occurs subsequently; or possibly
the out-cry, haro, haroll. Both the ejaculations above given occur in the Towneley
Mystery of the death of Abel, p. 9, where Cain and his plough-boy are represented as
tilling the ground, and the latter cries to the horses, "Harrer, Morelle, iofurthe, hyte !"
1 Among the effects of Henry V. were " ij. tentes de bloy carde, &c. ovecj. porche, etj.
aley." 1423, Rot Parl. iv. 240. In a letter to Sir John Paston, 7 Hen. VII. it is said
respecting preparations for the expedition into France, " ye Kyng sendythe ordynaunce
dayly to ye see syde, and hys tents and alys be a makynge faste;" also that great provi-
sion was made by the gentry, who were to accompany him, " for hors harnes, tentes, halys,
gardyuyens, carts," &c. Past. Lett. v. 412. Among the requisites provided for the Earl
of Northumberland, in the French campaign in 1513, at the siege of Therouenne, are
named "haylles, tents, and pauillions.'" Ant. Rep. iv. 364. See also Hall's Chron.
12 Hen. VIII. p. 618, last edit. " Hale in a felde for men, tref. Hall, a long tent in
a felde, tente." Elyot gives " scena, a pauyllion, or haule." The hangings of a chamber,
as it has been observed in the note on the word DORCERE, were termed ballings, in Latin
halce, alee, or auicea. " An hallynge, auleum, analatrum."" CATH. ANG.
2 Compare EY^TYNDELE, and TYNTE. Ray, Bp. Kennett, in his gloss, coll. Lansd.
MS. 1033, and Grose mention another name for the same measure, in use in the North,
namely, " frundele, a measure of two pecks." As it is called ey3tyndele, because it is the
eighth part of a coom, so also furundel, or frundele, a corruption of furthindele, as being
the fourth part of a bushel. Ang.-Sax. feor'San, quartits. See Cowel's Interpr. v. Furun-
dellus. The term " eytendele " occurs in the Hist. Eliensis, where it is recorded of Will,
de Longchamp, Bp. of Ely, who died 1197, " ordinavit vt in, die anniversarii sui dentur
pauperilus xiij. eytendeles de frumento ." Angl. Sacra, i. 633.
3 " Halfe a fardynge, calcus, calculus, minutum." CATH. ANG. See the notes on the
word cu. Sherwood, in his Eng. French Diet. 1632, gives "a cue, la moitie d^unfardin,
mot use settlement des escoliers d'Oxford." There is a proverbial saying of contempt,
" I would kick him for half a farthing;" but the cue seems to have been as imaginary as
the bodle, of like supposed value, and in the North familiarly mentioned as if it really
existed. See Brockett, and the other North-country glussarists.
4 Halo, halah, or healo, signifies in the Northern counties bashful, backward, or fearful.
See Brockett, Craven, and Hallamshire Dialects. " Hotiteux, shamefull, bashfull,
helo, modest," &c. COTG. Jamieson gives heily in the sense of proud, Ang.-Sax.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
223
vitas, vel dies festivalis, festale,
c. F./erm.
HALYN', or drawyii'. Tralio.
HALYNGE, or drawynge. Tractus.
HALYWATER. Aqua benedicta.
HALYWATER berere. Aquabaju-
lus.
HALY WATER spiyngelle, or
strencle (haliwatyr styk, K. H.)1
Aspersorium, isopus, media pro-
ductd; isopus, media correptd,
Anglice ysope, herbe : unde
versus, Isopus est herba, Isopo
spargitur unda.
HALYVEY, or bote a~3en sekenesse,
as treacle or ober lyke (haliwey,
K.)2 Antidotum, CATH. salu-
tiferum.
HALKE, or hyrne.3 Angulus, la-
tibulum.
HALM, or stobyl (stopyll, p.)4
Stipula.
HALOW, schypmannys crye.5 Ce-
leuma, c. F.
healic, excelsus, and the verb to heally, to abandon, or forsake, which seems to approach
towards the signification of the word given above, be-hatyd.
1 See STRENKYL, hereafter. " Haly water sprincle, uespillon, aspergoyr" PALSG.
2 In La3amon, Arthur says that he would go into Avalon, to Argante the fair,
" for heo sculde mid haleweie
helen his wunden." Vol. ii. p. 546, Madden's edit.
Compare the corresponding passage, vol. iii. p. 144, where it is said that she should make
him whole with "haleweije drenchen." " Balsamus est arbor, Gall, laumere ; balsamum
gummi est predicti arboris, Gall. Eaume, Any. haliwey." Sloane MS. 5, f. 3. " JBalsa-
mum, Ac. haliwhey." Arund. MS. 42, f. 93. See TREACLE hereafter.
3 This word seems to be taken from Ang.-Sax. heal, angulus, or as Tyrwhitt proposes,
from hylca, sinus. It is used repeatedly by Chaucer.
<l As yonge clerkys, that ben likerous
To reden artes that ben curious,
Seken in every halke and every herne
Particular sciences for to lerne." Frankel. Tale, v. 11,433.
4 Bp. Kennett has the following note, Lansd. MS. 1033. " Haulm, straw left in an
esh, or gratten ; stubble, thatch. Sax. hselme, culmus, calamus ; Isl. halmur, palea."
Ray gives " haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned."
5 " Celeiima est clamor nautic^ls, vel cantus, vel heuylaw romylawe (ut heue and howe,
rombylow," edit. 1518.) ORTUS. In the MS. of the Medulla in the Editor's possession,
" heualow, rummylow." See Ritson's Dissert, on Anc. Songs, p. li.
" They rowede hard, and sungge ther too,
With heuelow and rumbeloo." Rich. C. de Lion, 2521.
" Your mariners shall synge arowe,
Hey how and rumbylowe." Squyre of lowe degree.
It occurs likewise in Skelton's Bowge of Court ; Cocke Lorelle's bote, &c. This cry
appears not to have been exclusively nautical, for it forms the burden of a ballad on the
Battle of Bannocksburn, 1314, the alternate stanzas of which, as given ii Caxton's Chron.
terminate thus, " with heuelogh — with rombilogh ; " or, as in Fabyan, " with heue a lowe
— with rumbylow." " A cor et a cry, by might and maine, with heaue and hoe." COTO.
Hence seems to be derived the surname of Stephen Kummelowc, Constable of Notting-
ham Castle, 45 Eclw. III. mentioned in Issue Roll of Exch. 1369. Compare CRYE of
schypmen, that ys clepyd haue howe.
224
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HALOWYN', or cryyiT as schypmen
(halowen with cry, p.) Celeumo.
HALPENY, or halfperiy. Obolus,
stips.
HALPENY WORTHE, or hal(f)peny
worthe (halpworthe, K.) Obo-
litas, oblata (oboleitas, P.)
HALS, or halce, throte (hols, s.)
Guttur.
HALS, or nekke.1 Collum, am-
plexatorium.
HALSYN', or ben halsyd. Am-
plector, amplexor, CATH.
HALSYNGE, or dallynge. Am-
plexus.
HALTE, or crokyd.2 Claudus.
HALTYN'. Claudico.
HALTARE. Claudicator, clau-
dicarius, CATH. claudicaria.
HALTYNGE. Claudicacio.
HALWAR of holy placys (halowar,
H. P.) Consecrator, dedicator.
HALWARE of holydayes. Cele-
brator, celebratrix.
HALWYN', holydayys. Festivo,
festo, CATH. (celebro, p.)
HALWYN' holy placys, or holy in-
strumentys. Consecro(dedico, P.)
HALWYNGE of holy placys. Con-
secracio, dedicacio.
HALWYNGE of holydayes. Cele-
bracio.
HALVUNDEL (halfundel, K. han-
dele, s. haluedell, p.)3 Diini-
dium, medietas (medium, p.)
HAME, thyn skynne of an eye, or
oj>er lyke (skynne of an hay, s.)4
Membranula.
1 The noun halse, the neck, and the verb to halse, to embrace, are used by most of the
early writers. See R. Brunne, Chaucer, the Vision of P. Ploughman, &c. Ang.-Sax.
hals, collum. "Amplexiis, a clyppynge, or a halsynge." ORTUS. " An halsynge, amplexus ;
to halse, amplexare. An hailsynge, salutacio ; to hailse, salutare" CATH. ANG. " Halsyng,
accollee. I take one in myn armes, I halse him, i'embrasse. Halse me aboute the necke,
my sonne, and thou shalte haue a fygge, accollez moy, &c. I haylse or greete, ie salue."
PALSG. The verb to hailse occurs in this sense of saluting in the Vision of P. Ploughman,
4816, 4918. See Jamieson.
2 Compare CROKYD, or crypylle, or lame, above. " Halte, cadax, daudus. To halte,
claudicare, varicare. An halter, claudicarius ; duplicarius, qui ex utraque parte claudi-
cat." CATH. ANG. Instances of the use of the word u crokyd " in the sense of lame may
be found in Syr Gowghter, line 673 ; Sir Tryamoure, line 228. So likewise in the
Wicliffite version " claudum " is rendered " crokid," Matt, xviii. 8.
3 In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 13 A. XII. it 5s said that " halfendele the
profites (dimidia pars} of the knyghtes sowde shulde be kept vnder the principalle baner."
B. ii. c. 19. In a petition from the Commons, 1442, it is said respecting the appropria-
tion of a penalty, that " the halvyndele " should belong to the King, and the other moiety
to the party suing the offender. Rot. Parl. v. 54. See also Awntyrs of Arthure, 625 ;
edit, by Mr. Robson ; Emare, 442 ; Voiage of Sir John Maundevile, pp. 200, 219. Ang.-
Sax. healf, dimidium, and dael, fiars.
4 In the relation of the deception practised upon Olympias by Neptanabus, disguised as
Jupiter Ammon, it is said,
" Neptanabus his charme hath y-nome,
And takith him haums of a dragon,
From his scholdron, to his hele adoun."
K. Alis. 385.
The credulous Queen having no suspicion of deceit, the magician leaps upon her couch,
PROMPTOIUUM PARVULORUM.
225
HAMME. Poplex.
HAMUR (hambyr, s. hamowre,
HARL. MS. 2274.) Malleus,
martellus, c. F.
HAN, or havyn'. Habeo, pos-
sideo.
HAN, or have abhomi(n)acyon'.
Abhominor, detestor.
HAN, or haue dysdeyne. Dedignor.
(HAN in mynde, K. hare one in
mynde, s.) Recorder, memoror,
memini (memoro, commemoro,
S.)
HANDE. Manus.
HAND BAROW (handbarwe, K. s.
H.)1 Epiredium, KYLW. CATH.
HANDE BREDE.2 Palmus.
HANDFULLE. Manipulus, vola,
pugillus.
HANDYL of an instrument, what
so euer hyt be. Manutentum.
HANDE MAYDYN'. Ancilla.
HANDLYN', or gropyn'. Palpo,
manutracto.
HANDSUM, or esy to hond werke
(esy to han hand werke, s.
hansum, p.) Manualis.
HAND TABLYS (handtabyle, 8.)3
Pugillaris, CATH. diptica, CATH.
et UG. in dico.
HAND LYME (hand wyrme, s.)4
Giro.
HANGE MANNE. Furcillator,
CATH.
HANGEMENT (or hongment, HARL.
MS. 2274.) Suspendium, sus-
pencio.
HANGYN', by the selfe. Pendeo,
CATH.
HANGYN' a thynge on a walle, or
other lyke. Pendo, suspendo,
appendo.
and throws aside "his dragoun's hame. Ang.-Sax. hama, cutis. " Induvie, sloghes,
or the homes of adders." MED. MS. CANT. Compare FLAKE, above ; where the King's
Coll. MS. adds the synonym hame. Eye signifies here an egg. See EY, ovum.
1 Epirhedium is in the Ortus explained to be " a whele barowe, or a rounge ; " but
the vehicle here intended is without wheels, and is still used in many parts of England.
Tusser includes both hand-barrow and wheel-barrow among the husbandly furniture, as
detailed in September's husbandry. Among the quaint riddles entitled " the Demaundes
Joyous," W. de Worde, 1511, is this " Demaunde. Whan antecryst is come in to this
worlde, what thinge shall be hardest to hym to knowe ? R. A hande-barowe, for of that
he shall not knowe whiche ende shall goo before." " Hande barowe, ciuiere.'1'' PALSG.
2 The substantive BREDE of measure has occurred already. Ang.-Sax. breed, latitude.
Compare WYYD, large yn brede. " Brede or squarenesse, croisure." PALSG.
3 "Pinax,& hand table." MED. MS. CANT. Pugillaris is explained in the Ortus to
be " tabula manualis. Pinax, i. pugillaris, ephimeris, tabula manualis ex pinA facta"
Tablets, according to the present term, were formerly called a pair of tables, being
formed lyke a diptych of two folding leaves ; by the Reglemens sitr les arts de Paris,
t. Louis IX. 1254, it appears that they were usually of wood. It is there enjoined that
" ceus quifont tables a escrire" shall not make them of mixed materials, that is, tables
" de quoi li un fuelles soit de buis, et li autre de fanne ; ni mettre avec buis autre
maniere de fust, que ne soit plus chier gue buis, c'est a savoir, cadre benus, bresil, et
cipres.'" Documens Inidits, ed. Depping, p. 173. " Payre of writyng tables, tablettes.'1''
PALSG.
4 "Hande worme, ciron." PALSG. Tricot explains it to be a little worm " engendre
d'humeur acre et aduste en diners endroits de la personne, mais jrtus communement es
mains, qui rouge, etfa.it demanger ou il est concree : creredo, acarus," &c. See Cotgrave.
CAMD. SOC. 2 G
226
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HANGYN', or doii' the offyce of an
hangmann. Furcillo, suspendo,
CATH.
HANGYNGE. Suspencio.
HANGYNGE of an halle. Auleum.
HANGYNGE of a chyrehe. Pe-
tasma.
HANGYNGE of an halle, or tente.
Velarium, TJG. v. in A.
HANYPERE (hamper, K.)1 Ca-
nistrum, cartallus, OATH.
HANSALE.S Strena, CATH.
HAPPE. Fortuna, eventus, casus,
omen, c. P.
HAPPE of good spede. Eufor-
tunium, CATH.
HAPPE of badde spede (happy or
bare sped, p.) Disfortunium.
HAPPY. Fortunatus.
HAPPY, in goodnesse. Felix,
prosper, faustus, c. F. et CATH.
HAPPYLY (haply, HARL. MS. 2274.)
Forte, forsan, fortuitu, fortassis,
fortasse.
HAPPYN', or betydyn'. Contingit,
CATH. evenit.
HAPPE weel (happyn wel, K.)
Prosperor, fortuno, eufortuno.
HAPPYN, or betydyii' amysse.
Disjortuno, infortuno.
(UAPPYN, or whappyn' yn clo)>ys,
infra in LAPPYN.)3
1 " Cophinus, hamper." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Calatus, a basket, or a hamper,
or a panyer." ORTUS. Cartallus is explained in the Catholicon to be the same as
Jtscella. Compare FYSCHELLE, above. " Hamper, panier, dosier, escrayn."1"1 PALSG.
" Sanne, benne, a maund, hamper, flasket, or great banket. Calathe, a basket, pannier,
or hamper of osiers." COTG. The term has been supposed to be a corruption of hand-
pan ier, but, as Ducange observes, v. Hanaperium, it seems to have denoted a large vessel,
or place for storing up goblets, hanapi, Ang.-Sax. hnseppa, calix. The hanaper office in
the Court of Chancery derives its name from the hanaperium, a large basket wherein writs
were deposited. Among places of deposit, in which instruments were stored away in the
Exchequer Treasury, are named " hanaperia de virgis — of twyggys." Sir F, Palgrave
has given a representation of one, date 3 Rich. II. 1380. Kalend. of Exch. i. pi. ii.
See also payments to the keeper " hanaperii cancellar"1 pro fianaperio ligneo emp' pro
lit. pat. imponendis ; " and for the horse that carried it. Lib. Gard. 21 Edw. I. p, 359.
2 K Arrabo, i. vadimonium, an hansall ; et proprie dicitur bona arra. Pars arrabo
venit precii, dum res bona venit, i. vendimtur. Strena est bona sors, Anglice hansell."
ORTUS. " A hanselle, arabo, strena ; to hanselle, strenare, arrare. Erls, arabo, arra,
&c. ubi hanselle. To yife erls, arrareJ11 CATH. ANG. '• Hansell, estrayne. I hansell
one, I gyue him money in a mornyng for suche wares as he selleth, ie estrene." PALSG.
" Estreine, handselled, that hath the handsell or first use of." COTG. Ang.-Sax. hand-
selen, mancipatio. It implies generally a delivery in hand, an earnest, the first use of
a possession : and likewise a reward or bribe, as in Vis. of P. Ploughman, 3128 ; and
the Poem on the deposition of Richard II. edited by Mr. Wright, p. 30. Sir F. Madden
explains " honde -selle " to mean a gift conferred at a particular season. Gawayn and
the Grene Kny^t, 66. " Hansell, or a newe yeares gifte, strata." HULOET.
3 Forby gives the verb to hap, to wrap up, happing, a covering, and hap-harlot, a
coarse coverlit. Ang.-Sax. haspian, cumulare. The last word is used by Harrison, in
a passage which has been cited above, in the note on DAGGYSWEYNE. See also Huloet,
Baret's Alvearie, and Skinner. The verb occurs in King Edward and the Shepherd.
" The schepherd keppid his staf ful wartne,
And happid it euer undur his harme." Hartshorne's Metr. Tales, 71.
John Paston writes as follows : " I pray yc\v ye woll send me hedir ij. elne of worsted
for dobletts, to happe me thys colde wynter." Past. Lett. iv. 91.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
227
(HAPPYNGE, or hyllynge, infra in
WAPPYNGE )
HARAROWS, or sterne (haraiowus,
K. haraiows, s. haraious, H. p.)1
Austerus, rigidus.
HARAS of horse.2 Equicium.
HARDE yn knowynge, or wark-
ynge. Difficilis.
HARDE yn towchynge, or felythe
(sic, felynge, s.) Durus.
HARDY. Audax.
HARDYLY. Audacter.
HARDYN', or growyn' harde.
Dureo, induresco.
HARDYN', or make harde. Induro.
HARDYNESSE. Audacia.
HARDENESSE of knowy(n)ge, or
dede doyrige (hardynes of know-
ynge of dede, or other thynge,
p.) Difficultas.
HARDNES in towchynge. Duricies.
HARDE DEM A RE, or domys mann
wythe-owte mercy (harde, with-
otite mercy, p.) S events, c. F.
HARDE SETT (or obstynat, P.) yn
wyckydnesse, ]?at neuer wylle
chawnge. Obstinatiis, pertinax.
HARE, beeste. Lepus.
HARYYN', or drawyn'.3 Trahicio,
pertraho (protraho, s. traho,
traicio, P.)
HARLOTTE.4 Scurrus.
1 " Atrox, cruelle or haryous. Immanis, haraious, grete, cruelle or dredefulle." MED.
MS. CANT. " Harageus or gret." Editor's MS. Compare the verb HARYYN'.
2 " Equiricia, a harasse of horse." MED. MS. CANT. " An haras of horse, equaricia,
(quidum." CATH. ANG. See Ducange, v. Haracium. " Haras, a race ; horses and mares
kept only for breed." COTG. In the liber vocatusfemina, MS. Coll. Trin. Cant. B. 14,
39, under the titles of assemblies of beasts, it is said, " Haraz dit homme df.z polet/nez,
Haras sey> man of coltys." In the Coventry Mystery of the Nativity, a citizen of Beth-
lehem directs Joseph and Mary in these words :
" 3ondyr is an house of haras that stant be the way,
Amonge the bestys herboryd may 30 be." p. 147.
3 To harry or harr, to drag by force, is a verb frequently used by the early writers,
and still used in the North. Hampole says in the Prick of Conscience,
" And deuylles salle harre hym vp evene
In the ayre als he sulde stegh to heuene." Harl. MS. 6923, f. 62.
See Towneley Myst. p. 247. Fabyan says, in his relation of the murder of Bp. Stapylton,
1325, " the corps of ye sayde bysshop, with hys ij servauntes, were haryed to Thamys
syde, where the sayd bysshop had begonne to edyfye a toure," &c. Part. vii. The
following passage occurs in Golding's version of Beza's book of Christian questions, 1572 :
" Whereas the same (the will) ought to be ruled by reason, as by a wagon-guider; yet,
notwithstanding, how often doth it harie him headlong awaye ? " Palsgrave gives the
verb, " I harye, or mysse entreate, or hale one, ie harie. Why do you harye the poore
fellowe on this facyon ? I harry, or carry by force, ie irayne, and ie hercelle. He haryeth
hym aboute, as if he were a traytour." Ang.-Sax. hergian, vastare. Forby gives
harriage, signifying confusion.
4 This term did not originally denote a dissolute woman, but a low fellow, a buffoon,
a varlet. See Sir Cleges, line 349; Ywame and Gawin, line 2404; Chaucer, and the
Vis. of P. Ploughman. Fox speaks of a company of sectarians who were named harlots,
in the reign of Hen. III. Acts and Mon. i. 305 ; Lambarde's Peramb. of Kent, 178.
" GOTO, a tryfelour, or a harlott." MP.D. MS. CANT. " An harlott, lalator, rusticiis^ ycrro,
mt'iiia, joadator, pantomima, parasitaster, histrix, mtyator, scurrulus, manducus. An
harlottry, lecacitas, inurlanilas, &c. To do harlottry, scurrari." CATU. ANU.
228
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HARME. Dampnum, detrimen-
tum, dispendium.
HARMLES. Indempnis.
HARMYD. Dampnijicatus.
HARMYN'. Dampnifico.
HARNEYS, or rayment. Para-
mentum.
HARNEYS, wepyne. Arma, plur.
HARNEYS, or hustylment (instru-
mentys longynge to howsolde,
K.) Ut ensile,
HARNEYS for hors. Falere, plur.
HARNEYSYN', or a-rayyn' wythe
barneys and wepyne (liarneysyn
or armyn, p.) Armo.
HARPE. Cithara, lira.
HARPYN'. Cithariso.
HARP STRYNGYS. Fidis, c. F.
HARPOWRE. Citkaritta, citTia-
reda, liricen, jidicen, dico.
HARSKE, or haske, as sundry
frutys (hars, or harske, p.)1
/Stipticus, poriticus.
HAROWE (harwe, K.) Erpica,
CATH. et KYLW. trafia, c. r. et
BRIT. ; et traho (sic) Anglice a
slede.
HARWYN'. Erpico, CATH.
HASARDE, play. Aleatura.
HASARDE (sic, s. p.) or hasar-
dowre. Aleator, UG. v. aleo,
CATH.
HASSOK.S Ulphus.
HAASTE. Festinencia, festinacio.
HASTE, yn sodente (hayste, or so-
dayne, s.)3 Impetus.
HASTY. Festinus, ijnpetuosus, pre-
ceps.
HASTYBERE, come (hastybyr, s.)4
Trimensis, c. F.
1 The Campanula trachelium, Linn, is called by Parkinson throat-wort or haske-wort.
Skinner gives Hask-wort, Trackelium, forte a sapore austero. Compare Dan. Sw. and
Dutch, harsk, rank, or rusty. Haskard, coarse or unpolished, appears to be hence
derived. Horman says that " Homer declarying a very folysshe and an haskard felowe
(ignavum) under the person of Thersyte, sayth that he was streyte in the shulders, and
copheeded lyke a gygge." Harsh is sometimes written harrish ; thus Dr. Turner, in his
Herbal, 1562, says that " dates, if they be eaten, they ar good for the harrishenes, or
roughnes of the throte ; " and of plums, " they that ar litle ones, and harde, and harrish
tar te, ar sterk noughts." " Sorbum, an harryshe peare." ELYOT.
2 " Ulphus, hassok." MED. Forby states that, in Norfolk, coarse grass, which grows
in rank tufts on boggy ground, is termed hassock. In the foundation charter of Saw-
trey Abbey, A.D. 1147, Simon, Earl of Northampton, grants certain lands adjoining
Whittlesea mere, the boundaries being minutely described : in one place the limit is
denned to be " indirecte per transversum marisci, usque ad tercium hassocum a fa-ma
terrd inter manscum et Higgeneiam.'" The cartulary of Ramsey supplies a repetition
of this statement, contained in the attestation of Alex. Maufe regarding the disputed
limits of the donation made by the Earl, his lord ; in this document the Latinised word
hassocus twice occurs. " Pastores vero nostri super exteriores hassocos versus Walton
inter pratum et marisciim debent stare, et animalia sua usque ad pedes suos venire per-
miltere" Mon. Angl. orig. ed. t. i. pp. 850, 852, 853. Ducange, not being acquainted
with the locality, interprets the word as denoting the kind of stone called tufa. In an
account relating to the castle of Guysnes, in 1465, among the miscellaneous records of the
Queen's Rememb. a statement appears as to the clearing away of ' ' cirparum ac arun-
dinum, segges, soddes et hassokes," which grew to the obstruction of a certain mill-
course. The word is still used in N. Britain. See Jamieson.
3 HASTE, yn sodence, MS. Compare SODEYNTE, hereafter.
4 POLBERE is given hereafter as another name of a kind of barley (Ang.-Sax. bere,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
229
HASTLYY. Festinanter.
HASTYLY, smertly. Impetuose,
precipitanter.
HASTYN', or hyyn'. Festino, ac-
celero.
HASTYN', or hyyn' yn goynge.
Propero.
HASTYNESSE, idem quod HAASTE,
supra.
HASTLERE, pat rostythe mete
(or roostare, infra.}1 Assator,
assarius, KYLW. assaria, as-
satrix.
HATTE, bed hillynge. Capellum,
c. P. vel capellus, CATH.
HATTE of strawe. Capedulum,
UG. v. in C.
HATARE, or he ]?at hatythe. Osor,
c. F.
HATE. Odium.
HATYN'. Odio.
HATYR, rent clothe (hatere, K.
hatere, or hatyr, H. p.)2 Scru-
tum, pannucia, c. F.
HATEREDE, idem quod HATE,
(hateryd, idem quod debate, s.)
hordeuvi) termed hasty from its being early, and coming to maturity in the third month
after it is sown. Gerarde refers the name Trimestre to the Amil-corn, or starch -corn,
Triticum amyleum, cultivated in Germany and the Low Countries to make starch ; but
according to Parkinson the grain here alluded to appears to be the naked barley, Hordeum
vernum, which, as he observes, " is not seene or sowne by any almost in this land," called
in Germany Zeytgerste, or Titgerste, small barley, or " one for the present." It appears,
however, that in Tusser's time the early variety was cultivated in the Eastern counties.
Sow barley in March, in April, and May,
The latter in sand, and the sooner in clay."
March's husbandry.
1 The enumeration of the household of Henry II. in the Constit. domus Regis, Liber
Niger Scacc. Hearne, i. 348, comprises " De magnd coquina — host"1 (ostariiis ?) Juistelarice,'1''
his three men, and the " hastalarius." The latter seems to be the same as the " liastator^
named in the ordinance for the household of Louis XI. 1261, called in French hasteur.
See Ducange. Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Essex, among the household servants
named in his will, 1361, as " potager, ferour, barber, ewer," &c., mentions " Will, de
Barton, hastiler." Roy. Wills, p. 52. In the Liber cure cocont,m, the author thus states
the intention of his treatise.
" Fyrst to jou I wylle schawe
J?o poyntes of cure al by rawe ;
Of potage, hastery, and bakun mete,
And petecure I nylle forjete." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 47.
The chapter " de cilis assatis, of rostyd mete," comprises a singular dish, termed
" hasteletes on fysshe day," consisting of figs, raisins, dates, and almonds, transfixed
on a " broche of irne," and roasted ; f. 87, b. Compare Forme of Cury, p. 8. Among
the domestic officers of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511, was a " yoman cooke for
the mouth, who doith hourely attend in the kitching at the haistry for roisting of meat."
Ant. Rep. iv. 244. Bp. Percy states that in Shropshire the fireplace is called haister;
and, according to Mr. Hartshorne, an hastener, or hasteler, is a kind of screen lined
with tin, used for reflecting the heat in roasting. See Salopia Ant. The derivation is
evidently from hasta. «' Haste, a spit or broach. ' COTG. Compare BOOSTARE, or haste-
lere, hereafter.
2 In the curious song on the Man in the Moon, printed by Ritson, it is said,
" When J?e forst fresej? muche chele he byd,
>e ponies bc\> kene, is hattren to tere>." Anc. Songs, p. 36.
230
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HAUE, supra in HAN.
HAVE abhominacyon', and have
disdeyne, supra in HAN.)
(HAVYN in mende, K. or ban in
mynde, supra. Recorder, me-
moro, memini.}
HAUE ynvye. Invideo.
HAVE leysere. Vaco.
HAVE mercy. Misereor.
HAVE yn possessyon'. Possideo.
HAVE levyr (have leuer, K. p.)1
Malo.
HAVE pyte, or ruthe. Compacior.
(HAUE suspeckte, K. H. p. Sus-
picio, CATH. suspecto, CATH.)
HAWE, frute. Cinum, cornum,
c. F. ramnum, CATH.
HAWE THORNE. Ramnus, CATH.
cinus, cornus.
HAVENE. Portus, hostium, CATH.
HAVENE kepare, or gouernare.
Portunus, c. F.
(HAWBERK, supra in HABU-
RYONE.)
HAWKE. Falco.
HAWKYNGE. Falconatus.
HAWNCYN', or heynyn' (hawtyn,
K. hawnsyn or yn heyyn, s.
hawten, or heithyn vp, p.)2
Exalto, elevo, sublevo.
When Philip Augustus fell into the river, in consequence of the breaking of the bridge
of Gisors, Marcadeus, a captain in the host of King Richard, according to Langtoft's
account, derided him thus;
" Sir Kyng rise vp and skip, for }>ou has wette H hater,
J?ou fisshes not worj?e a leke, rise and go thi ways,
For >ou has wette H breke, schent is \>\ hernays." R. Brunne, p. 204.
So likewise in the Romance of Kyng Alisaunder, the word signifies garments, attire :
see lines 4264, 7054; and the Brahmins are said to live in austere penance, " thinnelich
y-hatered," line 5922. Ang.-Sax. hsetero, vestitus. In the Vision of P. Ploughman,
Haukyn makes the following excuses for his soiled garment.
" I have but oon hool hater, quod Haukyn;
I am the lasse to blame,
Though it be soiled and selde clene :
I slepe therinne o nyghtes." line 8900.
In line 9758, the word "haterynge" occurs in the sense of clothing. The explanation,
however, given in the Promptorium, may suggest the comparison of the word with the
verb, still used in Norfolk, to hatter, or exhaust by fatigue. See Bp. Kennett's gloss,
coll. Lansd. MS. 1033. "To hatter, to expose to danger, to weary out, or wear out,
as a horse by too much riding, or any utensil by too much leading is hattered about :
Kent. Isl. hsettur, periculosus ."
1 " I haue leuer. i'ayme myeulx, i*ai plus chier. Many men had leuer se a play, than
to here a masse." PALSG. This word is used very commonly by the old writers. Ang.-
Sax. leof, earns, gratus, comp. leofra. See LEFE, and dere.
2 This verb occurs commonly in a composite form, to en-hance, or in-hance, as in
the Vision of P. Ploughman, the Wicliffite version, and Chaucer. The lintel of a door is
termed, from its position, the haunce. " Limen signifieth not only the thrash old of a
doore, but also the haunse. Supercilium,, the haunse whyche is ouer the doore. Hy-
perthyron, transumpte, or haunce." ELYOT. In the Nomenclator of Junius, translated by
Higins, a distinction is made between the Vitruvian term hyperthyrum, and guperciliwm,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
231
HAWNTARE. Frequentator, fre-
quentatrix.
HAWNTYN', or ofte vsyn'. Fre-
quento.
HAWNTYNGE. Frequentacio.
HAWNTYNGLY, or ofte. Fre-
quenter.
HAVURE, or havynge of catel, or
o]?er goodys (havour, or werdly
good, K. havre, or hawynge of
catel, s. hauyre, or worldly
good, HARL. MS. 2274.)1 Ave-
riwn.
HE, or he bat. Ille, ipse.
HE, thys. Iste, hie.
HEC, hek, or hetche, or a dore
(hecche, K. heke, or hech, s.)2
Antica, CATH. et c. F. et UG. in an.
HEED. Caput.
HEDARE, or hefdare (hedare, or
hedere, s. hevedare, H. behedar,
p.)3 Decapitator, lictor.
HEDYN', or hefedyn' (hevedyn, K.
K. behedyn, p.) Decapito, de-
collo (truncOj detrunco, p.)
HEED BOROW (hedborwe, K. H.
heed broth, s.)4 Plegius ca-
pitalis.
the former being rendered " the transam, or lintell," the latter "the hanse of a door."
Cotgrave gives " contrefrontail, the brow peece, or upmost post of a doore, a haunse, or
breast summer." At first sight it may appear doubtful whether heynyn or heyuyn (to
heave) be the true reading ; but by considering the position in the alphabetical arrange-
ment of the word heynynge, subsequently, the former appears to be correct. Compare
Ang.-Sax. hean, evehere. Heithyn may be perhaps traced to Ang.-Sax. heafto, admen.
In the version of Vegecius, B. iv. c. 19, it is said that the city wall, when a bastile or
*' somer castel " is brought against it, should be "enhaunsed" and made higher, and
describes the means to be adopted by the assailants " ayenst this highething " of the
wall. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. " I haythe, I lyfte on heythe, ^e haulce. Hayth this tester
(haulcez ce del} a lytell. I heyghten, I set vp a heythe, ie exalse. This balke (tref) is
heythened two foote." PALSG.
1 In the Romance of Coer de Lion, Tancred says to King Richard that he had heard
" That thou art comme, with gret power,
Me to bereve my landes hower." line 1714.
Weber interprets the word as meaning hire, possession (rythmi gratia.} " Havoir "
occurs in Chaucer's Rom. of the Rose, line 4720, in the signification of wealth, avoir.
Sir John Maundevile, describing the good dispositions of the folk of the Isle of Bragman,
says that they are neither covetous nor envious, " and thei jive no charge of aveer, ne
of ricchesse : '' p. 354. In the regulations for the government of Prince Edward, son
of Edward IV. 1474, is this clause : " We wyll that the hall be ordynately served, and
strangers served and cherished according to their haveures." Househ. Ordin. p. *29.
In the Golden Legend mention is made of " coueytous men that sette all theyr loue in
hauyour, and in solace of ye world." See Kennett, and Spelman, v. Avera.
2 " Antica, a gate, or a dore, or hatche. Est antica domus ingressus db anterior i."1*
ORTUS. "An heke, antica.''1 CATH. ANG. " Ostiohtm, hek." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII.
f. 27. " Hatche of a dore, hecq." PALSG. " Guichet, a wicket, or hatch of a doore."
COTG. Forby gives " hack, half-hack, a hatch, a door divided across." In the North,
a heck door is one partly latticed and partly panelled. See Brockett.
3 See HEVEDARE, hereafter. "A hangeman or an heeder is odiose to loke vpon." HORM.
4 The head-borough, borwealder, borsholder, or tithing man, was the chief of the
friborgh or tithing, the subdivision of ten freemen, called hand-boroughs, or franci
plegii, who were mutually bound to the King for the good conduct of each other. Ang.-
232
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HEED CYTE. Metropolis, CATH.
monopolis, CATH.
HEED of garlek, lely, or oper lyke
(or of a leke, HARL. MS. 2274.)
BulbuSj KYLW. et UG. in bullo.
HEEDLES. Acephalis, vel ace-
phalus, CATH.
HEED WASCHYNGE. Capitilavium,
C. F.
HEEDWERKE, sckenesse (hedake,
H.)1 CqphaUa, CATH.
HEEDWARKE sufferere, or he that
sufferythe heedwarke. Cepha-
licus, CATH.
HEFT. Manubrium.
HEFTYDE. Manubriatus.
(HEFTYN, infra in HELVYN.)
HEFTYNGE. Manubriacio.
HEDGE (hegge, K. s.) Sepes, UG.
HEDGYD (heggyd, K. s.) Septus.
HEDGYN', or make an hedge
(heggyn, K. s.) Sepio.
(HETCHE, or hek, p. Antica, c. F.)
HETCHYD, as byrdys. Pullifica-
tuSffetatus, c. F. in alcione.
HEY, beestys mete. Fenum.
HEY, or heythe (of heythe, K. for
heyth, s. hey of height, P.) Altus,
celsus, excelsus.
HEY BENCHE.2 Orcestra, CATH.
orcistra, c. F. episedium (sub-
sellum, p.)
HEYESTE. Altissimus, supremus.
HEYKE, garment (orhewke, infra;
heyke, clothe, K. hayeste gar-
ment, or huke, s.)3 Armelus,
CATH. in armelausa, lacerna,
CATH. levitonare, KYLW.
Sax. heafod, caput, borh,jidejussor. In the Statute entitled Visus Franciplegii, which
has been called Stat. 18 Edw. II. de tenendd leta, they are termed "chiefs plegges."
Stat. of Realm, i. 246. The origin of the civil division of the territory into hundreds
and tithings has been confidently attributed to Alfred, but, as it seems, on no sufficient
evidence. In the laws of the Confessor this system of mutual suretyship is clearly set
forth. Anc. Laws and Instit. i. 450. See Spelman, v, Friborga, and Borsholder.
1 " J?e hedewarke, cephalia, cephalargia.'1'' CATH. ANG. In the edition of the Ortus in
Mr. Wilbraham's library ciphalus is rendered " the hede werke; " in the ed. 1518, " the
heed ache." In a medical treatise by " Maystere Lanfranke, of Meleyn," MS. in the
collection of Sir T. Phillipps, No. 1381, the following occurs among several prescriptions
for the "hede warke. Make lie of verveyn, or of betayne, or of wormode, and there
with wasshe )>m hede thryse in }>e weke." See WERKYNGE, or heed ache, hereafter. In
Norfolk, according to Forby, " in violent head -ache, the head works like a clock." Ang.-
Sax. heafod-wserc, cephalalgia.
2 Compare DESE, of hye benche. " Orcestra dicebatur locus separalus in cend, uli
•mobiles sedebant." CAXH.
3 The following explanations are supplied by the Catholicon : " Armelausa vestis est,
sic dicta quia ante et retro divisa et aperta sit, in armis tantum clausa, quasi armi-
clausa ; et est sclavina. Ab armus (Jiumerus) secundum Rabanum dicitur armelus, vestis
humeros tantum tegeas, sicut scapulare monachorum. Lacerna est pallium fimbriatum
quo olim soli milites utebantur, <&c. — dicitur lacerna a latere et a cerno." In Harl.
MS. 1002, f. 154, levitonarius is rendered " an huke ; " in the Ortus it is explained to
be " collobium lineum sine manicis, i. dalmatica, quali Mgyptii monachi utebantur ; a
tabarde." It is scarcely possible to define the garment to which, modified by the
fashions of different periods, the name of hewke was assigned ; it appears from citations
given by Ducange that the huca in the XHIth cent, was furnished with a hoocl^ it also
seems to have been a military garment, and sometimes even of the number of such as
PROMrTORIUM PARVULORUM.
233
HEYL fro sekenesse, Sanus, in-
columis, sospes.
HEYLYN', or gretyn'. Saluto.
HEYL, seyde for gretynge. Ave,
HEYLYNGE, or gretynge. Scilu-
tacio.
(HEYNYN, K. H. heighthyn, p.
supra in HAWNCYN.' Exalto,
elevo, sublevo, levo.)
HEYNYNGE. Exaltacio, elevacio.
HEYNCEMANN (henchemanne, H.)1
Gerolocista, duorum generum
(yerelocista, s.)
HEY STAR. Penile.
HEYTHE (heyght, s. heighte, P.)
were of a defensive nature, although not so accounted by Sir S. Meyrick in his paper on
military garments worn in England, Archseol. xix. In the Wardrobe of Hen. V. 1423,
occur "j. heuke noier, garniz d'espanges d' argent dorr\ q'estoit a Count Morteyn : pois.
viij Ib. pris la ll>. xxxij. s. en tout, xij. li. xvj. s. — .;'. heuke de chamelet, ovec j. chaperon
de mesme.—j. heuke d'escarlet: v. hukes de damask noier, broches d' argent," &c. Rot.
Parl. iv. 225, 236. In an indenture of retainer preserved in the Tower, dated 1441,
for military service in France under Richard Duke of York, James Skidmore, Esq.
engages to serve as a man at arms with six archers, and to take for himself and his
men " huk' of my seid lord the duk' liv'e." Meyrick's Grit. Enquiry, ii. 111. The
Ordinance of Charles VII. dated 1448, respecting the equipment of the Francs-Archers,
requires every parish to provide a man armed with "jacque, ou huque de brigandine."
P£re Daniel, Mil. Franc, i. 238. In the Invent, of Sir John Fastolfe's wardrobe, 1459,
under the head of toga, is the " Item, j. jagged huke of blakke sengle, and di' of the
same." Archseol. xxi. 252. In King Ryence's chalengethe heralds are described as attired
in " hewkes," and loudly crying for largesse. Percy's Rel. iii. 26. There was also a
female attire called Hewke, Belg. huycke, which covered the shoulders and head. In
the Acta Sanctorum Jun. vol. iv. 632, a female is described as clothed " in Jiabitu secu-
lari, cum peplo Brdbantico nigro, Huckam vulgo vacant." Palsgrave gives " hewke, a
garment for a woman, surquayne, froc; huke, surquaide;'"1 and Minsheu explains huyke,
huike, or huke, to be a mantle, such as women use in Spain, Germany, and the Low
Countries when they go abroad. Skelton mentions the " huke of Lyncole green " worn
by Elinour Rumming. See further in Ducange and Roquefort.
1 Chaucer describes the knight as attended by three mounted " henshmen." Flour
and the Leaf. The pages of distinguished personages were_called henxmen, as Spelman
supposes, from Germ, hengst, a war-horse, or, according to Bp. Percy, from their place
being at the side, or haunch, of their lord. In the household of Edward IV. there were
" henxmen, yj enfauntes, or more, as it shall please the Kinge," who seem to have been
chiefly wards of the Crown, and placed under the direction of a master of henxmen:
their mode of living, and education at court, is set forth in the Household Book of
Edward IV. given among the Ordinances published by the Ant. Soc. p. 44. By the
Stat. 3 Edw. IV. c. 5, " hensmen, herolds, purceyvauntez, ministrelles, et jouers en lour
entreludes " were exempted from the penalties under the statute of apparel. In the
household of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511, there were three haunsmen or hansh-
men, who are enumerated with " yong gentlemen at their fryndes fynding, in my lord's
house for the hoole yere :" the first served as cupbearer to the Earl, the second to his
lady. On New-year's day they presented gloves, and had 6s. 8d. reward. Ant. Rep. iv.
199. See further in Pegge's Curialia, Lodge's Illustr. i. 359, and Privy Purse Expenses
of Henry VIII. edit, by Sir H. Nicolas. "Henchman, paige d'honueur, enfant d'lion-
neur." PALSG. " Prcetextatus assecla, qui Gallice vocatur vn page d'hommes; a page of
honour, or a henchman." Junius, by Higins. "A hench-man, or bench- boy, page
d'hoimeur qui marche decant quelque Seigneur de grand authorite." SHERW.
CAMD. SOC. 2 H
234
PROMI'TORIUM PARVDLORUM.
Altitudo, culmen, cacumen, sub-
limitas (swmmitas, p.)
HEYWARD.! AgellariuSj c. F.
abigeufs, UG. v. (messor, K.)
(HER, or hetclie supra in HEC.)
HEKELE (heykylle, HARL. MS.
2274.)2 Mataxa, c. P.
HEKELARE. Mataxatrix.
HEKELYN'. Mataxo.
HEKELYNGE. Mataxacio.
IJEKFERE, beeste (or styrke,
infra.}3 Juvenca.
HELDYN', or bowyn'.4 Incline,
flecto, deflecto.
HELDYNGE, or holdynge. Tencio,
detencio, retencio.
HELDYNGE, or bowynge (clynynge,
c.) Inclinacio, fleccio, incur-
vacio.
HELE of be fote. Talus, calcaneus.
HEELE, or helthe.5 Sanitas,inco-
lumitas.
HELLE. Infe?'nus, Tartarus,
Baratrum, Stix (Avernus, p.)
1 The heyward was the keeper of cattle in a common field, who prevented trespass on
the cultivated ground. According to the Anglo- Saxon law the hseig-weard was to have
his reward from the part of the crop nearest to the pastures, or, if land were allotted, it
was to be adjacent to the same. See Anc. Laws and Inst. i. 441. His office is thus
noticed by G. de Bibelesworth :
" Ly messiers (hay ward) ad les chaumps en cure."
" In tyme of heruest mery it is ynough ;
The hayward bloweth mery his home,
In eueryche felderipe is come." K. Alls. 5756.
Bp. Kennett observes that there were two kinds of agellarii» the common herd-ward of
a town or village, called bubulcus, who overlooked the common herd, and kept it within
bounds; and the heyward of the lord of the manor, or religious house, who was regu-
larly sworn at the court, took care of the tillage, paid the labourers, and looked after
trespasses and encroachments: he was termed fields-man, or tithing-man, and his wages
in 1425 were a noble. " Inclusarivs, a heyewarde." MED. " Inchtsomis, a pynner of
beestes (al. pynder.)" ORT. " Haiward, haward, qui garde au commun tout le bestiail
d"*un bouryade."1 SHERW.
2 " Hetchell for flaxe, serancq, serant. I heckell (or hetchyll) flaxe, ie cerance, and
ie liabille du lin. Am nat I a great gentylman, my father was a hosyer, and my mother
dyd heckell flaxe?" PALSG. " Seran, a hatchell, or heach, the iron comb whereon
flax is dressed." COTG. Forby gives hickle, a comb to dress flax, or break it into its
finest fibres. Teut. hckel, pecten.
3 "Juvenca, a hekefeer beest." ORTUS. " Hecforde, a yong cowe, genisse." PAI.SG.
Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, speaks of " flesshe of moton, of an hawgher (genise,)
or of a calfe." See Bp. Kennett's gloss, v. Hekfore. Ang.-Sax. heahfore, vaccula.
Forby notices a bequest of certain "heckfordes" in the will of a Norfolk clergyman,
dated 1579, but the modern pronunciation isheifker.
4 " To helde, uli to bowe." CATII. ANG. In the Northern Dialects to heald signifies
to slope, as a declivity. See Brocket!, Craven Dial, and Jamieson, v. Heild. Ang.-
Sax. hyldan, inclinare. Palsgrave gives the verb " I hylde, I leane on the one syde, as
a bote or shyp, or any other vessell, ie encline de coitste. Sytte fast, I rede you, for ye
bote begynneth to hylde."
5 " Salubritas, holsones, or heell. Saluler, helefull." ORTUS. "Prosper, hele-
fulle, happy, withe-owte tene." MED. MS. CANT. " Sos})itas,frmi(as, salvacio, &c, hele."
Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "An hele, columitas, edia, fecunditas, valitudo. Helefulle,
prosper, salutaris" CATII. AAG. " Ileale of body, sante."1 PALSG. In a sermon given
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
235
HEELYN', or hoolyiT of sekenesse.
Sano, euro, medico, medicor.
HEELYNGE, or holynge of seke-
nesse. Sanacio, curacio.
HELME, or be rothere of a schyp
(helme of be roder of shyp, s.
helme, rother of a shyppe, H. p.)
Temo, CATH. plectrum, CATH.
et UG. in plecto.
HELME of armure. Galea, c. F.
cassis, c. F. et CATH.
HELPARE. Adjutor, adjutrix,
suffragator.
HELPE. Adjutorium, auxilium,
suffragium, juvamen, presidium
(subsidium, K. p.)
HELPYN'. Juvo, adjuvo, auxilior,
subvenio, succurro, opitulor.
HELPYN' and defendyfi.' Patro-
cinor.
HELTHE, idem quod HELE, supra.
HELTYR (or halter, s.) Capistrum.
HELTRYN' beestys. Capistro, CATH.
HELVE. ] Manubrium, manuten-
tum.
HELVYN, or heftyiT. Manubrio.
HEMME. Fimbria, limbus, CATH.
et c. F. lascinia, CATH. et c. F.
ora, orarium, CATH.
HEMMYN' garmentys. Limbo,
Jimbrio, CATH.
HEMPE. Canabum.
HEMPYNE, or hempy (hempene,
orofhempe, K. s. H.) Canabeus.
HENNE. Gallina.
(HENNE NEST, HARL. MS. 2274.
Ingitatorium.)
HENBANE, herbe. Jusquiamus,
simphonica, insana, c. F.
HENGYL of a dore, or wyndowe
(hengyll of a shettinge, K. p.)2
Vertebra, vectis, CATH, et. c. F.
HENGYL, gymewe (gymmewe, K.
gemewe, HARL. MS. 2274, p.)
Vertinella. UG. in verro.
HEEP. Cumulus, acervus, agger,
globus.
(HENTYNGE, supra in CAHCH-
YNGE.)3
(HEPAR, K. Cumulator.)
HEEPYD. Cumulatus.
HEPYN, or make on a hepe. Cu-
mulo, accumulo.
HEPYNGE. Cumulacio.
HEER (here, K. s. P.) Capillus,
cincinnus, crinis, cesaries, coma.
HEER fyrste growynge yn1 mannys
berde. Lanugo, c. F.
(HERBERE, H. p. supra in GRENE
PLACE.)4
HERBERIOWRE. Hospiciarius, C.F.
et COMM.
by Foxe, as delivered by R. Wimbeldon, 1389, is this passage : " Giesy was smyt
with mesilry, for he sold Naaman's heale, that cam of God's grace." Sir John Paston
writes thus to his mother : " It'm it lyked yow to weet of myn heelle, I thanke God
now ye I am nott greetly syke ner soor." Past. Lett. v. 80. Ang.-Sax. heel, salus.
1 " Helue of any tole, mam-he. Hafte of any tole, manche.""1 PALSG. This word is
given by Forby as still used in Norfolk. See also Moore. Ang.-Sax. helf, manubrium.
'2 Forby states that in Norfolk hingle signifies either a small hinge, or a snare of wire,
closing like a hinge, by means of which poachers are said to hingle hares and rabbits.
" Hinge, or hiugeil of a gate, cardo," &c. BARET. Herman says, " This bottell lacketh
an hyngill, uter amicino caret."" Sctf GYMEWE.
3 See HYNTYN' hereafter. " I hente, I take by vyolence, or ^to catche, ie happe; this
teraie is nat vtterly cornen." PALSG. It is used by Chaucer.
4 See the note on the word KHB.VKE.
236 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HEKBEUEWE (herborwe, K. herbe-
row, H. herborowe, p.)1 Hos-
picinm.
HKRBERWYS', or receyvyn' to
hereborogbe (herbergwyn, K.
herborowen, P.) Hospitor,
CATH. et si significet to take
herboroghe, tune est quasi de-
ponens.
HEERE BONDE (herbonde, P.)
Vitta, c. F. et UG. v. in C. cri-
nale, Dice, discriminate.
HEERCE on a dede corce (herce
vpon dede corcys, K. P. heers of
dede core, s,)2 Pirama, CATH,
piramis, c. F. et UG. in pir.
HEERDE, or flok of beestys, what
so euyr they be. Polici, CATH.
armentum, CATH.
HEERD MANN. Pastor, agaso. c. F.
1 "An harbar, hospicium, diversorium. An harbiriour, hospes, hospita. To barber,
Jtospitari. Harberynge, kospitalitas.'1'' CATH. ANG. " Herboroughe, logis. I harborowe,
1 lodge one in an inne, ie herberge. Herberiour, that prouydeth lodgyng, fourrier."
PALSG. A station where a marching army rested was termed in Ang.-Sax. here-
berja, from here, extroitets, beorgan, munire. In a more extended sense harbour de-
noted any place of refuge, or hospitable reception. See Vision of P. Ploughm.; Wicliffite
Version, &c. In the Golden Legend it is related that St. Amphyabel " prayed Albon of
herborough for the love of God ; whiche Albon without faynynge, as he ye alwaye
loued to do hospytalyte, graunted hym herberough, and well receyued hym." Caxton
says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Grete me the damyselle of your hous, or of your
he(r)berow, vostre hostel.'1'' The verb is used by Sir John Maundevile in the sense
both of giving and receiving hospitality; he says, speaking of Bethany, " there dwelte
Symon leprous, and there herberwed our Lord, and aftre he was baptised of the Apos-
tles, and was clept Julyan, and was made Bisschoppe; and this is the same Julyan that
men clepe to for gode herberghage, for our Lord herberwed with him in his hows."
Voiage, p. 116. The adjective herberous has the signification of hospitable. In the
version prefixed to the translation of the paraphrase of Titus by Erasmus, it occurs as
follows : " A bysshop must be such as no man can complaine on — not geuen to filthy
lucre, but herberous,'1 &c. Titus, i. 8; printed by Johan Byddell, t. Hen. VIII. The
remarkable name Cold harbour, which occurs repeatedly in most counties at places ad-
jacent to Roman roads, or lines of early communication, seems to have been derived
from the station there established ; but of the strange epithet thereto prefixed no satis-
factory explanation has yet been suggested. See Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua, p. 253.
2 This term is derived from a sort of pyramidal candlestick, or frame for supporting
lights, called hercia, or kerpica, from its resemblance in form to a harrow, ot which
mention occurs as early as the Xlith cent. It was not, at first, exclusively a part of
funeral display, but was used in the solemn services of the holy week; thus by the
statute of the Synod of Exeter, 1287, every parish was bound to provide the "hercia
ad tenclras.'1'1 Wilkins, Cone. ii. 139. In the account of expenses at the death of
Thomas, Abbot of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, 1375, occurs an item, " pro corpore
Jicto, cum Aem'a." W. Thorn, X Script. 2152. See further the accounts of the obsequies
of Anne the Queen of Ric. 11. Gough's Sep. Mon. i. 170*, and the will of that monarch,
in which he directs that for his own interment there should be prepared " iv. herciae
excellentice convenientes reyali" Rym. vii. 75. In the will of John de Nevill, 13b6,
it is termed "herdum." Madox, Form. 429. The Pat. 1 Hen. V. 1413, recounts
the orders of the King to Simon Prentout of London, " wex chaundeler," and Thomas
Gloucestre, "pictori «os<ro," for the provision and transport to Canterbury of the
" hercea " for the funeral of Henry IV. Rym. viii. 14. The ordinance which regu-
lated the charges by wax-chandlers* stat. 1J Hen. VI. c. 12, comprises a clause to
PROMPTORIUM PA11VULORUM.
237
HERRE of a locke.1 Cardo, COMM.
HERE, yn' thys place. Hie.
HERYN'. Audio.
HERYNGE wythe eere (herynge
of here, K. p.) Auditus, au-
dacio (audicio, s. p.)
HEERYNGE, fysshe. Allec.
HERKYN', and take heede, and ley
to ]?e ere (herkyn to, s.) As-
culto.
HEERN, byrde (heryn, K.S.P. herne,
HARL. MS. 2274.) Ardea.
HERNE PANNE of ]>e bed.2 Cra-
neum.
HERNYS, or brayne (hernys, or
barneys, s.) Cerebrum.
HEROWDE of armys. Curio, c. F.
HERT, wylde beeste. Cervus.
HERT, ynwarde parte of a beste
(myd part, s.) Cor.
HERTLES, or vnberty. Vecors.
HERTHE, where fyre ys made.
Ignearium, c. F. focarium, c. F.
ignarium, U.G. in Ge.
HERTHE STOK or kynlyin' (stocke,
K. p. kynlyn, s.)3 Repofoci-
lium, CATH. vel secundum c. F.
repofocinium, UG. in foveo.
except " lierces affaires pur lez noblez trespassantz." Stat. of Realm, vol. ii. 287. Chaucer
appears to use the term hearse to denote the decorated bier, or funeral pageant, and not
exclusively the illumination, which was a part thereof; and towards the XVIth cent, it
had such a general signification alone. Hardyng describes the honours falsely bestowed
upon the remains of Richard II. when cloths of gold were offered " upon his hers " by
the King and lords.
" At Poules his masse was done, and diryge,
In hers royall, semely to royalte." Chron. c. 200.
A representation is given on the Roll or Brevis mortuorum of John Islyppe, Abbot of
Westm. who died 1522, and whose corpse was placed " undre a goodlye Hersse w-t manye
lights, and maiestie, and vallaunce set wl pencells," &c. which was left standing until
"the monethes mynde." Vet. Mon. iv. pi. xviii. " Herce for a deed corse, of silke,
poille. Herse clothe, poille. Herce, a deed body, corps.1' PALSG. "He lay in a
noble hyrst, or herse, suggesto. There was made a noble hyrst, tumulus.'''' HORM. In
the version of Junius' Nomencl. by Higins is given " Cenotaphium, a herse, a sepulchre
of honour, a stately funeral." " Poille, the square canopy thats borne over the sacrament,
or a soveraign prince, in solemne processions; hence also a hearse, hearse- cloth, laid over
the beer of a dead person." COTG.
1 This word is repeatedly used in the later Wicliffite version. " And j?e herris (e)>er
hengis) of \>e doris of )>e innere hows of J>e hooly of hooly Hngis? and of j>e doris of \>a
hows of \>Q temple weren of gold." iii. Kings, vii. 50. " As a dore is turned on his herre
(efcer heengis) so a slow man in his bedde." Prov. xxvi. 14. See also Prov. viii. 26;
Job xxii. 14. " Cardo, a here of a dore, cuneus qui inforamine vertfair." MED. " Har,
the hole in a stone on which the spindle of a door or gate resteth ; Dunelm. and the harr
tree is the head of the gate, in which the foot or bottom of the spindle is placed. Harrs,
hinges, a door-har; Westm." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. Ang.-Sax. heor, hearre,
cardo.
2 " Cranium, harnepanne." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. See G. de Bibelesworth.
" Vous deuet dire moun hanapel (hernepane.)
Mounfrount, e moun cervel (mi forred, ant my brayn.)"
The word occurs also in Havelok, 1991 ; Coer de Lion, 5293. Ang.-Sax. hsernes, cere-
lir<ii,i, panna, patella. Minot uses the word " hernes," or brains; p. 10.
3 The MS., by an error of the scribe, gives repofocilium repeated twice; and the read-
ing of the Winchester MS. seems still more corrupt, " rcposialium, CATH. vel secund-um
238
PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HERTY. Cordialis.
HERTYLY. Cordialiter.
HERTYN', or makyfi' heyty, Animo.
HERTYS LETHYR, or lethyri. Ne-
bris, CATH.
HERTYS TONGE, herbe. Scolo-
pendria, lingua cervi.
HERTLYNESSE. Cordialitas.
HERUESTE. Autumpnus.
HESYL, tre. Corulus, columns.
HESPE of threde.1 Mataxa, c. F.
et UG. haspum, c. F. hapsa,
COMM. jilipulus.
HESPE of a dore.2 Pessulwn, vel
pessula, NECC. haspa, COMM.
HETE. Calor, estus.
HETHE. Bruera, bruare, se-
cundum quosdam.
HETHE, or lynge, fowaly.3 Bru-
arium.
HETYN', or make hoote. Calefacio.
HETYN', or waxyn' hoote. Caleo,
unde versus : Per memet calui,
sub pannis me calefeci.
HEWAR. Secator.
HEVEDARE (or hedare, supra.}
Decapitator, spiculator (lictor,
p-)
HEVEDYN', idem quod HEDON',
supra.*
HEVEDYNGE (hedynge, HARL. MS.
2274, hedinge, p.) Decapitacio.
c. F. repqficilium." The word intended may be relrofocinium, or repofocinium. See
Ducange. The Catholicon gives the following explanation : " Repofocilium, id quod tegit
iynem in node, vel quod retro iynem ponitur; super quod a posteriori partefoci liyna
ponuntur, quod vulgo lar dicitur." In Harl. MS. 1738, it is rendered '' an herthe stok,
or a skrene;" in the Ortus, "a hudde or a sterne." A stock (Ang.-Sax. stoc, truncus]
may signify primarily a large log, against which, as a foundation, the fire was piled. The
cellarist of St. Edmund's-bury held Hardwick under the abbey, and was bound annually
to provide " iv. Cristmesse stocke," each of 8 feet in length. Liber Celler. Rokewode's
Suff. p. 475. Hence, probably, any contrivance whereby the fire was supported, so as to
facilitate combustion, an object more perfectly attained by means of andirons (A \VNDERNE,
supra), was termed the hearth-stock. In Norfolk and Suffolk the back or sides of the
fire-place are termed " the stock," and Forby derives the word from Ang.-Sax. stoc, locus.
See K.YNLYN hereafter.
1 A hank of yarn is called in the North a hesp, or hasp, the fourth part of a spindle.
Bp. Kennett gives "a hank of yarn or thread, when it comes off the reel, and is tied in
the middle, or twisted. So the twist or rope that comes over ye saddle of the thiller horse
is called the thille hanks; Dunelm. Perhaps from Sax. hangan, to tie or twist; but it
comes much nearer to the Isl. haunk, funiculus in, circulum colligatus." Lansd. MS.
1033. Mataxa signifies the comb which serves for dressing flax, as given above under the
word HEKELE, but implies also a hank of spun thread. See Ducange.
2 " Pessellum, a lytel lok of tre, a haspe, a cospe, a sclott.'1 MED. MS. CANT. " Pessidum
dicitur sera lignea, qua liostium pellitur cum seratur, Anglice a lyteke, or latche,or a snecke,
or barre of a dore." ORT. "Haspe of a dore, clichette." PALSG. " Agraphe, a claspe,
hook, brace, grapple, haspe." COTG. In this last sense the word haspa occurs in the Sher-
born Cartulary, MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, where, among the gifts of
William the sacrist (Xllth cent.?) is mentioned " Missale cum haspa argentea." Bp.
Kennett observes that in Kent, Sussex, and Oxfordshire, the word is pronounced "haps,
to haps a door or cupboard. Ang.-Sax. ha>ps, sera, fibula." Lansd. MS. 1033. This older
form is also retained in Somerset, Wilts, and in N. Britain, hasp being the corruption.
See Jamieson.
3 Sowaly, MS. Compare FOWAYLE, and LYNGE of the hethe.
4 " Decollo, to hefdyu." MED. " He was heeded at Towre hyll." PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM FARVULORUM.
239
HEVENE. Celum, polum.
HEVENELY. Celitus, adv.
HEVENLY. Celicus, celestis.
HEVY to here (to beryn, K.)
Gravis, ponderosus.
HEVY and grevows. Gravis, et
idem quod GREVOWS, supra.
HEVY in sowle, and herte. Mo-
lestus, tristis (mestus, P.)
HEVY MANNE, or womanne, and
not glad yn chere. Mestificus,
mestifica, OATH.
HEVY a-slepe (of slepe, s.p.) Somp-
nolentus.
HEVYLY. Graviter, moleste, triste.
HEVYYN', or makyn' hevy yn
herte. Mesti(-fi}co (mesto, p.)
HEVYYN', or makyn' hevy in
wyghte. Gravo, aggravo, pon-
dcro, CATH.
HEVYNESSE yn herte. Molestia,
tristicia, mesticia.
HEVYNESSE of slepe. Sompno-
lencia.
HEVYNESSE of wyghte. Ponde-
rositas, gravitas.
HEWYN'. Seco, c. F.
HEWYN' a-wey. Abscido.
HEWYN' downe. Succido.
HEVYN', or schoppyn1 to-gedyr
thyngys of dyuerse kyndys.
Conscido.
HEWYNGE (or hakkynge, supra.)
Seccio.
HEWKE, idem quod HEYKE, supra
(hek, K. hevke, s. H.)
HETHYNNE, or paynynne (panym,
H. p.) Paganus, etnicus.
HETHYNNESSE. Pagania.
HYDDE. Absconditus, celatus.
HYDYN'. Abscondo, c. F. occulto.
HYDYNGE. Absconsio, latitacio.
HYDYNGE place. Latibulum, ab-
sconditum, latebra, abditorium,
UG. in do.
HYDE, or skynne (hyyd, or hyde,
HARL. MS. 2274, p.) PelliSj cutis.
HYDDYR, or to thys place (hyther,
p.) Hue.
HYDDYR WARDE (hydward, s.
hytherwarde, P.) Istuc.
HYDOWS (hiddowus, or gret, K.)
ImmaniS) immensus.
HATCHYD, or remevyd (liichid, K.
hychyd, s.) Amotus, remotus.
HYTCHYN', or remevyn' (hychyn,
K. hytchen, p. hythen, j. w.)1
Amoveo, moveo, removeo.
HYTCHINGE, or remevynge (hich-
ynge, K. hyhchynge, HARL. MS.
2274.) Amocio, remocio.
HYYN, idem quod HASTYN', supra.
HYYNGE, or hastynge. Festinacio,
festinancia, properacio.
HYLLE. Mons, collis, libanus.
HYLDYR, or eldyr (hillerntre, K.
ellernetre, HARL. MS. 2274, el-
norne tre, p.)2 Sambucus.
1 In Norfolk, according to Forby, to hitch means to change place : " a man is often de-
sired to hitch, in order to make room ; to hitch anything which happens to be in the way.
Isl. hika, cedere (loco.)" To hike and to hick are used in a similar sense. To hitch
is explained by Johnson as signifying " to catch, or move by jerks," and so used by Pope.
Skinner would deT-ive the expression " hitch buttock, hitch neighbours," or " level coyl,
(levez le cul,)" used by boys in playing, who bid one another move, and make way for
the next in turn, from Ang.-Sax. hic£an, moliri, n-iti, or Fr. hocher. See Jamieson, v»
Hatch, and Hotch,. Brockett gives to hitch, hop on one foot.
2 See the note on the word ELDYR, or hyldyr, or hillerne tre. Ang.-Sax. ellarn,
sariilucus. In some parts of England the name hilder is still in use ; and in Germany
240
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HYLLY, or fulle of hyllys. Mon-
tuosus.
HYLLYN' (hyllen or curyn, H.
coueren, p.)1 Operio, cooperio,
tego, velo, contego.
HYLLYNQE wythe clothys (hillinge
of clothes, K. P.) Tegumentum,
tegmen, velamen.
HYLLYNGE, or coverynge of what
thyngo hyt be. Coopertura,
coopertorium, operimentum.
(HYLLYNGE, or happynge, infra
in WAPPYNGE.)
HYLT of a swerde. Capulus.
HYYNDE, beste. Damula, damns,
COMM.
HYNDYR PARTE of a beste (party,
K.) Clunis.
(HYNDER PARTY of a ship, K.
hyndyr part, s.) Puppis.
HYNDER YN', or bacchyn' (bakkyn',
s.) Retro/ado.
HUNDRYD, or harmyd. Dampni-
ficatus.
HYNDRYN', idem quod HARMYN',
supra.
HYNDRYNGE, or harmynge.
Dampnificacio.
HYNTYD. Raptus.
HYNTYN' (or revyn, infra; hyn-
tyn, or hentyn, K. H. p.)2 Rapio,
(arripio, p.)
the tree is called Holder. It was supposed that Judas hanged himself upon an elder tree,
and Sir John Maundevile, who wrote in 1356, speaks of the tree as being still shown at
Jerusalem. Voiage, p. 112. Of the superstitious notions in relation to this tree, see
Brand's Pop. Antiq. under Physical Charms.
1 The verb to hill, and the substantive hilling, appear to be in use in many parts of
England, but are not noticed in the East-Anglican glossaries. In the writings of the
older authors they occur frequently. See R. Brunne, P. Ploughm., Chaucer, and Gower.
" Cooperio, to hyll to-gyder. Tegmentum, a hyllynge, a couerynge." ORTUS. " Tego,
to hille ; legmen, an helynge. Oircumamictus, a-bowte helynge, or clothynge. Architector,
an helyour of a hous. Cooperio, to hule, or keruere (sic.)" MED. MS. CANT. " I hyll, I
wrappe or lappe, ie convre : you must hyll you wel nowe a nyghtes, the wether is colde.
Hylling a coueryng, couverture. Hyllyng of an house, couverture, tecte" PALSG. " Paliatif,
cloaking, hilling ouer, couering, hiding. Palier, to hill ouer," &c. COTG. Ang.-Sax.
helan, celare. Sir John Maundevile, speaking of the Tartars, says that " the helynge of
here houses, and the wowes, and the dores ben alle of wode." Voiage, p. 298. Walsing-
ham calls the rebel Wat, " Walterus helier, vel tyler." Camd. Anglioa, pp. 252, 264. In
the " Objections of Freres," Wicliffe makes the observation that " Preres wollen not be
apeied with food and heling," that is, clothing. The accounts of the churchwardens of
Walden comprise the item, " a le klerk de Thuxstede piir byudynge, hyllynge et bosynge de
toils les liveres en le vestiarye.'" Hist, of Audley End, p. 220. In the version of Vegecius
attributed to Trevisa, it is said, " loke thou ordenne J?at the leves of the yates be keuered
and hilled with raw hides." Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 100. Bp. Kennett has the fol-
lowing notes in Lansd. MS. 1033 : " Helings, Stragula, bed-cloaths, vox in usu apud
Oxonienses. Isl. hil, teyo, hulde, texi ; Sax. Helan. Ejusdem originis videtur esse apud
Septentrionales, to hull into bed ; the hulls of corne, i. the husks ; a swine hull, i. a swine
stie. Anglis etiam mediterraneis to hele est tegere. A coverlet in Derbyshire is called a
bed-healing, and in some other parts absolutely a healing, and a hylling. Thatchers in
Yorkshire are called helliars, and so are the coverers with slat in London, and most parts
of England. In old authors the eye-brows are called helings." Compare FORHELYN,
celo, and HATTE, hed hillynge.
2 This verb occurs in most of the early writers : see R. Glouc. p. 204 ; Vis. P. Ploughm.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 241
HYPE of be legge. Femur.
HYPPYNGE, or haltynge.1 Clau-
dicacio.
HYRDYL. Plecta, flecta, cratis,
c. F.
HYRDYS, or herdys of flax, or
hempe.2 Stuppa, c. F. et UG.
[a, CATH. et c. F.
HYRE. Stipendiitm, salarium,
manipulus, c. F.
HYRYD MAN, or servawnte. Con-
ductius, conductia, mercenaries,
mercenaries (conducticius, s. p.)
HYRYN'. Conduce.
HYRNE.S Angulus.
HYSE, or hys. Suus.
14,258 ; Chaucer, Knight's T. 906. It is used likewise by Shakespeare. See Nares.
" Kyng Richard his ax in honde he hente." R. Coer de Lion, 4027.
" I hente, I take by vyolence, or to catche, ie happe : this terme is nat vtterly comen."
PALSG. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. ISA. XII. it is said
of elephants used in war, " sorame ordenned ayenst thies bestes fote menne wele hillede
aboue wyth plates, havyng on her shuldres and on her helmes sharp pikes, that if J>e
olifaunt wolde oughte henche, or catche hem (posset apprehendere), the prickes shulde
lette hym." B. iii. c. 24. Compare CAHCHYNGE, or hentynge : KYPPYN, or hynton ;
and REVYN, or by vyolence take awey, or hyntyn. Ang.-Sax. hentan, rapere.
1 Compare the verb OVYR HYPPYN, or ouer skyppyn. Hyppynge occurs in the sense
of hopping, Vis. of P. Ploughm. 11,488, and to hip has in the North a like signification ;
hipping stones are stoppings at the passage of a shallow stream. The word seems here
to be taken from the irregular movement or hopping of the halt person. Gower says
of Vulcan,
" He had a courbe upon his backe,
And therto he was hippe halte." Conf. Am.
Teut. hippelen; subsilire. Jamieson gives hypalt, a cripple; to hypal, or hirple, to go
lame. In Norfolk to himp and to limp are synonymous.
2 " Stupa, hyrdes of hempe, or of flax. Stupo, to stop with hurries." MED. MS. CANT.
" Extupo, A nglice to do awaye hardes or tawe. Stupa, stub, chaf, or towe." ORTUS.
Amongst the various significations of napta, given in the Catholicon, it is said " napla
etiam, sec^lndum Papiam, dicitur purgamentum lini" The word occurs in the Wicliffite
version, Judges xvi. 9 ; " And sche criede to him, Sampson ! Felisteis ben on ]?ee,
which brak >e boondis as if a man brekith a j?rede of herdis (filum de stupa, Vulg.)
wri>un wij> spotle." Chaucer, in the Rom. of Rose, describes the dress of Fraunchise,
called a suckeny, or rokette,
" That not of hempe herdes was,
So faire was none in all Arras."
In the original, " ne fut de bourras." In Norfolk, according to Forby, hards signify
coarse flax, otherwise tow-hards, in other parts of England called hurds ; and in many
places a coarse kind of linen cloth is still termed harden, or hirden. The Invent, of
the effects of Sir John Conyers, of Sockburne, Durham, 1567, comprises "vij. harden
table clothes, ivs. — xv. pair of harden sheats, xxs." Wills and Inv. Surtecs Soc. i. 268.
" Heerdes of hempe, tillage de chamure (Ichainvre), estovpes.'1'' PALSG. " Hirdes, or
towe, of flaxe, or hempe, stupa." BARET. " Orettes de liti, the hards, or towe of flax."
COTG. Ang.-Sax. heordas, stupce.
3 "Angulus, a cornere, or a herne. Pentangulus, of fyue hirnes." MED. "An
hyrne, angulus, gonus." CATH. ANG. The gloss on Liber vocatus Equus, renders
" aatris, darke hernys." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 113. Rob. Glouc. and Chaucer ue
this word, which has occurred previously as synonymous with HALKE. P'orby gives
CAMD. SOC. "2 I
242
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
HYSSYN', as edderys (heddyr, K.
nedrys, H. nedders, P.) Sililo.
HYSSYNGE of edders, or ofer lyke.
Sibulus (sibilus, s.)
HYT, or towchyd. Tactus.
HYTTYNGE, or towchynge. Tactus.
HYVE for bees. Alveare, alvea-
rium, c. F. apiarium.
HYVYN', or put yn' hyvys. Apia.
HY)>E, where bootys ryve to londe,
or stonde.1 Stacio, c. F.
HOBY, hawke. Alaudarius, ali-
etus, c. F. et KYLW. (sparrus, P.)
HOCHE, or whyche (husch, s.
hoche, or hutche, H. p.)2 Cista,
archa.
HOODE. Capicium (capucium, p.)
HODYD. Capiciatus.
HOODYN'. Capucio (capicio, K.)
HODYNGE. Capiciatura.
HOGGE, swyne. Nefrendis, maialis,
CATH. et c. F. Hec omnia UG.
in frendere (porous, P.)
HOOKE (hoke, K. p.) Hamus,
uncus.
HOOKE to hewe wode, or schryd-
ynge (hoke to hev wyth woode,
or schraggynge, s.) Sirculus,
c. F. (sarculus, s. p.)
HOKYD. Hamatus.
HOL, as pypys, or percyd thyngys
(hole, HARL. MS. 2257, hol-
lowe, p.)3 Cavus.
HOLOW, as vessellys (hoi, as
vesselle or other lyke, K. hole,
as vessellys, s.) Concavus.
HOOL fro brekynge (hole, P.) In-
teger.
HOOL fro sekenesse (or heyl, H.
hole, P.) Sanus, incolumiSj
HOLDYN'. Teneo.
HOLDYN', or wythe-holdyii'. De-
tineo, retineo.
HOLDYNGE. Tenens.
HOLDYNGE. Tenax, tencio, de-
tencio, retinencia, retencio.
HOLE, or bore. Foramen.
HOOLE, or huske (hole, s. holl, P.)
Siliqua.
HOOLE of pesyn', or benys, or o]?er
coddyd frute (hole of peson, or
huske, or codde, K. cod frute, p.)4
Techa, CATH. infresus.
tl herne, a nook of land, projecting into another district, parish, or field." At Lynn,
where the Promptorium was compiled, there is a street called Cold-hirne street, which
traverses an angular piece of ground adjoining the confluence of the Lyn and the Ouse.
Ang.-Sax. hyrn, angulus.
1 HYYE, MS. The Winch. MS. agrees here in the reading " hyy," but it is evident
that hybe is more correct. Ang.-Sax. hy'S, portus. Hithe occurs in names of sea ports,
and even landing places on rivers, far from the coast. See Forby's observations on this
word. Examples are not wanting at Lynn, where a lazar-house is mentioned at the spot
called Setchhithe, in 1432 ; in the grant of Edw. VI. 1548, it is called Sechehithe, or
the sedgy landing. Blomf. Norf. iv. 599. Oxburgh hithe is remote from the main ;
Woman hithe and Beck hithe occur near Cromer.
2 HUTCHE, MS. By. the alphabetical arrangement, the reading, as given from Sir T.
Phillipps' MS. seems here to be correct. In the King's Coll. MS. the word is omitted.
See HUTCHE, hereafter. Ang.-Sax. hwsecca, area.
3 "Holle, cavus, nalura concavus, arle cavatus,inanis. An hollnes, cavitae." CATH.
ANG. In Norfolk holl is still commonly used. Ang.-Sax. hoi, cavus.
4 In the recipe for " blaunche perreye " it is directed to " sethe the pesyn in fyre
leye," and then rub them with woollen cloth, and "be holys wyl a-\vay." Harl. MS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
243
HOOLE, or pyt yn an hylle, or
other lyke (hole, or eryth, s.)
Caverna, c. F.
HOOLE of a schyppe (nolle, K. p.)
Carinciy c. F.
(HOLEN, or curen of sekenes, K. s.
supra in HELEN, p. /Sano,
euro.)
HOLYN', or boryn' (hoolen, or
make hoolys, p.)1 Cavo, per-
foro, terebro.
HOLY. Sanctus, sacer.
HOLY, heuenly. Celebris, UG. in celo.
(HOLILY, P.) Sancte.
HOLY, halwyd place (holyly hal-
wyde places, s.) Asilum, c. F.
HOLY HOKKE, or wylde malowe
(malwe, K. s.) Altea, malviscus.
HOLYNESSE. Sanctitas, sancti-
monia.
HOLM, place be-sydone a watur
(be-syde a water, s.)2 Hulmus.
279, f. 25. Skinner derives the word from Ang.-Sax. helan, tegere. " Hull of a heane
or pese, escosse. Hull or barcke of a tree, escorce." PALSG. " Gousse, the huske, swad,
cod, hull of beanes, pease," &c. COTG. Gerarde says that Avena nuda is called in
Norfolk and Suffolk " unhulled otes." In the Craven dialect, the hull is the skin of a
potatoe, or the husk of a nut, and to hull signifies to peel off the husk of any seed : in
Hampshire the husk of corn is termed the hull. " Follicida uvarum, the huskes, hulles,
or skinnes of grapes. Pericarpium,folliculust siliqua, the huske or hull, inclosing the
seede." Junius' Nomencl. by Higins.
1 "To hole, cavare, perforare, &c. ubi to thyrle." CATH. ANG. " Palare, cavare, forare,
Anglice to hole, or to bore." Equiv. John de Garlandia. A.-S. holian, excavare.
2 The primary meaning of the Ang.-Sax. word Holm appears to be water or ocean ;
it implies also a river island, or a level meadow, especially near a stream. It is recorded
in the Sax. Chron. A.D. 903, that a great fight occurred between the Kentish men and
the Danes " aet >am Holme," but the precise locality has not been ascertained. Holm
signifies also an elevated spot, as in the instance of the Steep-holm, so called by way of
distinction from the Flat-holm, islands in the mouth of the Severn. Leland, in his
Comm. in Cygn. cant. (Itin. ix. 59,) would derive Dunolmus, Durham, from dune, a
hill, and holme, which he interprets thus: "Holme vero eminenlis loci, interdum et
sylvosi, et aquis circumsepti verticem, aut eininentiain exprimit." Bp. Kennett has
the following remarks : " Homes, properly holms, which signified originally river-islands,
or green islands surrounded by running streams ; from a resemblance whereof meadows
and pasture grounds are in some places called Homes. A meadow by the late Abbey of
St. Austin's, Canterbury, was commonly called North-homes ; and a flat pasture in Roinney
Marsh is yet called the Holmes, &c. An Holm, an island, Westm. ; hence Holme-
cultram, Holmby house, £c. Mill-holms, watery places about a mill dam, from mill, and
Sax. holm, which signifies two things, as a hill or rising ground, and a green island, or
place almost enclosed with water ; from whence the name of many places almost sur-
rounded with water, as Axholm, Evesholm, corruptly Evesham, &c. The howmes, a
green piece of ground near Thirske in Yorkshire, lying between the river Codbeck and
the brook called Sewel." Lansd. MS. 1033. In Lincolnshire, as especially near the
Trent, the name is frequent ; as likewise in Norfolk, and in the vicinity of Lynn, and
denotes both low pastures, and elevations of trifling magnitude, but which were perhaps
insulated, before draining had been effected. Simon Earl of Huntingdon, who founded
St. Andrew's Priory, Northampton, about 1081, granted " tres dalos prati, et uniim
fiulmum ; "" and in the donation of H. de Pynkeneye to Canons' Ash by, in 1298, he
bestowed " totavi pasturam illam que vocatur le Hulles, cum duobus holmis in campis
Wedone tt Westone." Mon. Aug. i. 680, iii. 292.
244
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HOLME, or holy.1 Ulmus, hussus.
HOLM, of a sonde yn the see
(holme of sownde in Jje see, K.
holm or sond of the see, HARL.
MS. 2274, of the sonde in the see,
p.)2 Bitalassum, c. F. vel hulmus.
(HOLME, or halm, supra, et infra
in STOBUL.)
HOOLNESSE fro brekynge (hol-
nesse, K.) Integritas.
HOLOWNESSE of a vesselle, or
other lyke wythe-yn forthe
(homes, K. of a vesselle voyd
within, H. P.) Concavitas.
HOLUYSCHE, or bulrysche (hool
ryschyn, K. holryschyne, HARL.
MS. 2274.)3 Papirus.
HOLSUM. /Saluber, salutiferus.
HOLSUMNESSE. Scilubritas.
HOLT, lytylle wode.4 Lucus, vir-
gultum, vibranum.
HOOME, or dwelly(n)ge place.
Mancio.
HooMLY.5 Familiaris, domesticus.
1 Parkinson gives holm, as a name of the holly : in the North it is called hollin. Ang.-
Sax. holen, ayuifolium. The Gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth renders " hous, holyn."
" Ilustus est quedam arbor que semper tenet viriditatem, Anglice a holyn." ORTUS. "An
holyn, hussus ; an holyn bery, hmsum." CATH. ANG. It is said of St. Bernard, in the
Golden Legend, that after he became Abbot of Clairvaux, "he often made his pottage
with leues of holm." Sherwood gives "hollie, holme, or huluer tree, houx, housson,
mesplier sauvage." In Norfolk the holly is called hulver, according to Forby. Compare
HULWUR, tre, hereafter.
2 " Bitalassum, a place per two sees rennen." MED. In the Wicliffite version, Dedis
xxvii. 41 is thus rendered : " And whan we fellen into a place of gravel gon al aboute
wib be see (locum dithalassum, Vulg.) bei hurtleden be ship." Holm seems here to denote
the peninsula, or accumulation of alluvial deposit formed at a confluence of waters. It
is, however, remarkable that the name does not appear to be thus applied on the Norfolk
coast, especially in the neighbourhood of Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled,
and where such deposits are made to a vast extent by the Ouse, and other streams that
flow into the Wash.
3 This name seems to be derived from Ang,-Sax hoi, cams, and rise, juncus ; but
as the Scirpus lacustris, Linn, commonly called bull-rush, has not a hollow but a spongy
stem, the proper intention of the term is obscure.
4 " Holt, a wood. It is yet used for an orchard, or any place of trees, as a cherry-
holt, an apple-holt, Dunelm. Isl. hollte, salelrce ." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033.
Skinner says that holt denotes a grove, or multitude of trees planted thick together,
and Tooke asserts that it is the p. part of Ang.-Sax. helan, to cover, and signifies a
rising ground or knoll covered with trees. The word occurs in Cant. T. Prol. line 6 ;
Lydgate's Thebes ; Launfal, &c. Among the benefactions of John Hotham, Bp. Ely, it
is recorded that in 1320 he appropriated, for the distribution of alms on his anniversary,
" tenementum vocatum Lythgates, et Barkeres, cum quodam alneto vocato Lythgates holt."
Hist. Elien. Ang. Sacra, i. 643. "Holte, a lytell woode, petit loys." PALSG. " Tovffe
de lois, a hoult, a tuft of trees growing neere a house, and serving for a marke or grace
unto the seat thereof." COTG. See Jamieson. In names of places it is of occasional
occurrence, as the Holt, a wood near Havant, Hants; Knock-holt wood, near Tenterden,
Kent ; and in Norfolk, according to Forby, a small grove, or plantation, is called a holt,
as nut-holt, osier-holt, gooseberry-holt, &c. Ang.-Sax. holt, lucus.
5 In the complaint of the Ploughman, t. Edw. HE., given by Foxe. under the year
1360, the following version is cited of i. Tim. v. 8 : " He that forsaketh the charge of
tliilke that ben homelich with him (suorum, et maxime domesiicorum , Vulg.) hath for
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
245
(HOMLIMAN, or woman, K. Do-
mesticus, domestica, familiaris.)
HOMLY, or yn homly maner. Do-
mestice, famiiiariter.
HOONE, barbarys instrument.
Cos, KYLW. et Dice.
HONY. Mel.
HONY COOM (honycorn, K.) Favus.
HONY SOCLE. Apiago, UG. v.
in A. (locusta, s.)
HOOPE, vesselle byyndynge (hope,
K.) Cuneus, circulus, Dice.
HOOPYN,' or settyn' hoopys on a
vesselle. Cuneo.
HOPE. Spes.
HOPYN', or trustyn', or soposyn'.
Estimo, spero, CATH. arbitror.
HOPPE, sede for beyre (bere,
K. p.)1 Hummulus, secundum
extraneos.
saken his fayth, and is worse than a misbeleued man :" (in the Wicliffite version, " his
owne, and moost of his household men.") Here, and in Gal. v. 10, Wicl. version, the
word seems to be used precisely in the sense given to it in the Promptorium ; but it
denotes also familiar, by acquaintance, and presuming. " Homely, famylier, through a
quaynted, familier. Homelynesse, priuaulte. Homely, saucye, to perte, malapert."
PALSG. Horman says that " homelynesse (fiducia) comynge of a true harte, is a maner
of vertue," where it seems to imply familiar confidence ; and he uses the word also as
follows : " He was homely with her, or had to do with her."
1 It should seem that the eala, or swatan of the Anglo-Saxons, were not compounded
with any bitter condiment, which was essential to the concoction of beer, a drink of
Flemish or German origin, and until the XVIth cent, imported from the Continent, or
brewed by foreigners only in this country. The Promptorium gives BERE, cervisia
Jiummulina, as distinguished from ale, which was not hopped ; Caxton, in the Boke for
Travellers, speaking of drinks, makes the distinction, " Ale of England, Byre of Ale-
mayne ; " and it appears by the Customs of London, Arnold's Chron. 87, that beer was
first made in London by " byere brewars, straungers — Flemyngis, Duchemen," &c. a
recipe for making single beer with malt and hops is given, p. 247. It has been asserted
that the use of hops was forbidden by Hen. VI. in consequence of a petition of the Com-
mons, mentioned by Fuller, in his Worthies, under Essex, against " the wicked weed
called hops ; " but no record of the prohibition has been found, and the petition does not
appear on the Rolls of Parliament. In the time of Hen. VIII. some prejudice seems to
have arisen regarding their use, for among the articles for the reform of sundry misuses
in the royal household, 1531, is an injunction to the brewer not to put any hops or brim-
stone into the ale. Archseol. iii. 157. Hops, called in Dutch Hoppe, Germ. Hopffen,
were introduced into England from Artois, between 10 and 15 Hen. VIII. as affirmed
in Stowe's Chron. about the time of the expedition against Tournay. Bullein, in the
" Bulwarke of Defence," written about 1550, speaks of hops as growing in Suffolk. They
are mentioned in the stat. 5 and 6 Edw. VI. c. 5, 1552, as- cultivated in England ; Stat.
of Realm, iii. 135. Among the privileges conceded to the strangers from the Low
Countries, who settled at Stamford, 1572, is a clause regarding the free exercise of hus-
bandry, in which are specified hops, and all things necessary to gardens. Strype, Life of
Parker, App. 115. The management of hops was quickly acquired, as appears by the
instructions given by Tusser, in March's and June's husbandry, published 1557.
See also the Treatise by Reyn. Scott, 1574 ; and Harrison's Descr. of Britain, Holinsh.
i. 110. The remarks of Leonard Mascall in his Art of Planting, under the head of
" certeyne Dutch practises," p. 85, edit. 1592, are detailed, and curious; and he
appears to have been conversant with the method adopted in Flanders. The stat. 1
Jac. I. c, 18, against the deterioration of hops, shows that a large quantity was still
supplied in 1603 from foreign parts. See Beckman's Hist, of Inventions, iv. 325, and
Cullunrs Hawsted, 202.
246
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HOOPE, sede of flax (hooppe, seed
or flax, s.)1 Sinodulum, lino-
diwn, KYLW. (lincidulum, p.)
HOPPYN' as fleys, or froschys, or
other lyke. Salio.
HOPPYN', or skyppyn', infra (or
dawnsen, K. P.) Salto.
HOPPYNQE, or skyppynge. Sal-
tacio.
HOPUR of a mylle, or a tramale
(tramel, s.)2 Taratantara,
CATH. farricapsium, Dice.
Hoi'UR of a seedlepe (or a seed-
lepe, HARL MS. 2274.) Sa^
iorium, saticulum, UG. v. in S.
HORCOP, bastarde.3 Manzer,
spurius, spuria, pelignus, pe-
ligna (pelinus, p.)
HOORD, tresowre (horde, K.)
Thesaurus, herarium.
(HooRDHOWSE, infra in TRE-
SOWRIE.)
HORE, woman (hoore, H. P.) Me-
retrix (pelix, P.)
HOREHOWSE, supra in B. BOR-
DELLE. (Lupanar, fornix, P.)
HOREL, or hullowre (hollowr, s.
holour, p.)4 Fornicator, li-
cantor, leno, rivalis, mechus,
fornicatrix, licantrix, mecha
(lecator, K. s. leciatrix, cori-
nalis, P.)
1 This obsolete appellation of linseed occurs in the gloss on Or. de Bibelesworth.
" Du lyn aueret le boceaus (hoppen,)
De canbre auerez les cordeus (ropes.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 299, b.
In the Liber vocatus feinina, MS. Trin. Coll. Cant, this passage is given as follows.
" Ore alez a semer v're lynois,
Now goj> to sow 3our flex.
Qar de lynois vous aues lez busceaux,
For of flex 30 haue ^30 hoppes."
The Ortus gives " apivm est nomen herbe, ache, or hoppe; " and in the interpretations by
Master Geoffrey of Joh. de Garland, de Equiv. occur " Coma, fructus corni, hoppe :
cornus, quidam arbor, hoppe tre, ut qtiidam dicutit.^
2 " An hopyr, ferricapsa, est molendini; saticulum, satum, seminarium." CATH. ANG.
The proper distinction is here made between the hopper, or the trough wherein the grain
is put in order to be ground, mentioned by Chaucer, Reve's T. 4009, so termed from the
hopping movement given to it, and the seed-leep, which was also called a hopper.
" Hopper of a myll, tremye" PALSG. " Seminar turn, vas quo ponitur semen, an hopre."
MED. It is in this last sense that Perkyu the Ploughman says that he will become a
pilgrim,
" And hange myn hoper at myn hals
Instede of ascryppe." Vis. of P. Ploughm. line 3917.
In Lincolnshire, according to Bp. Kennett, a little hand-basket is termed a hoppet ; and
in Yorkshire a hopper is " a seed lip, or basket wherein the sower puts his corn." Lansd.
MS. 1033. An implement of domestic use, probably for grinding grain, is mentioned
among the effects of Thos. Arkyndall, of Northallerton, 1499. "A leed and ye stane,
xij. d. A hoppyng tre, vj. ^." Wills and Inv. Surt. Soc. i. 104. See TRAMALY of a mylle,
CKKD LEPE, and SEED LKPP.
3 Palsgrave gives " horecoppe," without any French word.
4 See HULLOWRE. Horell, Townl. Myst. " Horrell, or whoremonger, concubitor,
." HULOET. A debauched person was called in Fr. kowritur.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
247
(HORLEGE, supra in DYALE, et
infra in ORLAGE.)
HORNE. CornUj et in plur.
cornua sunt vires.
HORNARE, or home make(r).1
Cornutarius.
HORN YD. Cornutus.
HORN KEKE, fysche (home stoke,
s. hornkek, or garfysshe, p.)2
HoRNPYPE.3 Palpista, KYLW.
(psalmista, s.)
HORONE, herbe.4 Collocasia,
marubium, prassa.
HORS. Equus.
HORSYS colere. Eph(ipp)ium,
COMM. columbar,
HORSE combe. Strigilis, UG. in
strideo.
HORS, gelt, or gelt horse. Cau-
terius, CATH.
HoRSBERE.5 Lectica, UG. in lego.
bajulum, UG. v. in B. (bas-
terna, s.)
HORSYS harneys. Ep(ip)liia, c. F.
falerum, c. F.
HORSYS mane. Juba, CATH.
HORSKEPARE (horsman', s.)
Equarius.
1 The art of working in horn was one in which the English were formerly much skilled.
In 1464 the hornera presented a petition to Parliament against strangers, who came " to
understond the konnyng and feate of makyng of horns." Rot. Parl. iv. 567. " Homer,
a maker of homes, cornettier; horneresser, a woman, cornettiere.'1'' PALSG.
2 " Hornkecke, a fysshe lyke a mackerell." PALSG. Esox beloae, Linn. Ang.-Sax. horn,
comu, and ceac, gena. See GARFYSCHE.
3 Chaucer, in the Rom. of R. speaks of the discordant sounds of " hornepipes of Corne-
waile," which, as it has been remarked in the note on the word CORMUSE, seem to" have
been identical with that instrument, called likewise, according to Roquefort, rmise, in
Latin musa. The rustic dance, to which the name of hornpipe was transferred from the
instrument that served as an accompaniment, seems to be described by Jean de Meung,
where he relates that Pygmalion took the " instrumens de Cornouaille," or " muse" and
danced to animate his statue. Rom. de la Rose, 21,874. The horn-pipe is mentioned as
a musical instrument by Spenser and B. Jonson. No explanation has been found of the
word palpifta.
4 The plant here intended is the white horehound. Marrubium vulgare, Linn. A.-S.
hara-hune, marrubium. " Horon, a herbe. Horehounde, herbe, tongue de chien." PALSG.
5 The horse-litter, or horse-bere, Ang.-Sax. bsere, feretrum, grabatus, was used at an
early period in England, and probably introduced from the South. See Mr. Markland's
Remarks on Carriages, Archaeol. xx. 445. Bede relates that Ceolfrid, Abbot of Wire-
muth, pursued his journey to Rome, during which he died, A.D. 716, "cum ad hoc per
infirmitatem deveniret, ut equitare lion valens feretro caballario veheretur.'"1 W. Malmsb.
relates that the corpse of Rufus was conveyed by the rustics to Winchester " in rheda
cabaUariaJ'1 which in the Polychronicon is termed a " horse bere," and by Fabian a
" horse litter." M. Westm. describes the retreat of King John from Swineshead, when,
having lost his " bigas, et quasdam clitellas ," in the Wash, and falling sick, he was thus
carried to Newark, "facia lecticd equestri, descendit de palfrido, et ipsam, intravit."1' G.
de Bibelesworth, who wrote in the reign of Edw. I. says,
" Pur eyse en litier (on hors bere) horn chiuauche."
" Bdstcrna est theca manualis vel itinerls, a carre, or a chareot, or horse lytter. Lectica
dicitur currus in quo defertur lectus; et proprie lectus portabilis, a charet or a horslytter."
ORTUS. " Horse lytter, letiere aux cheuavlx." PALSG. Horse litters, called by Commenius
arcerce or lecticce, carried by two horses, according to the fashion in use in Holland, are
represented in the Orbis Sensualium, p. Ill, ed. 1659.
248
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HORSMAN, or he ]?at rydythe
(horsys, s.) Equester,
HORSMYNTE, herbe. Balsamita,
mentastrum.
HORSCHO (horsissho, K. horsis sho,
p.) Babatum, KYLW. ferrus,
c. F. (balatum, K. p.)
HORSYS tayle. Penis, CATH.
Hoos (hors, K. hoorse, p.)1 JRau-
cus, UG.
(HOORSNESSE, HARL. MS. 2274.
Rancor.)
HosE.2 Caliga (osa, CATH. s.)
HOSUN, or don on kosun (hosyn,
or done on hosun, K.) Caligo.
HOSEBOND (as, K.) weddyd man
(hosbonde or husbonde, p.) Ma-
ritus.
HOSEBONDE (or husbonde, infra)
of (wise, K. P.) gouernaunce of
an howsholde. Paterfamilias.
HOSEARE, or he bat makythe
hosyne (hosejere, K. hosiare, s.
hoser', p.)3 Caligarius.
HOOSHEDE, or hoosnesse (hoshed,
K. hoorshede, or hoorsnesse, p.)
Raucitas, rancor.
HOOSE, or cowghe (host, or cowhe,
K. host, or cowgth, s. boost,
HARL. MS. 2274. )4 Tussis.
1 The reading may seem here to be questionable, but the Winch. MS. agrees in giving
hoos. Chaucer writes " horse of sowne," speaking of a hunter's horn. Wachter observes
that hoarse seems to lead to Ger. hreis, hreisch, formed from Lat. rauciis, but hoos, and
hoosnesse, which occurs just below, resemble more nearly the Ang.-Sax. has, raucus, and
hasnys, raucedo. In the Lat. Eng. Vocab. Royal MS. 17 C. XVII. is given " raucedo,
hasnes." Herman says, "he hath a great haskenes, gravi asthmate implicatm:"1"1 Com-
pare HARSKE, or haske, above.
2 The precise nature of the article of dress, to which the name hos was given by the
Anglo-Saxons, it is not easy to define : it is rendered by Elfric " caliga, ocrea." In early
illuminations their legs are frequently represented as covered by bands, as it seems, wound
around them, and these perhaps were termed hose-bendas, which has been supposed to
denote garters. The word hose is common to the Dutch, Danish, and Icelandic languages,
and the old French houses, or heuses, seem to have been identical therewith. P. Warne-
fridus states that the Lombards used hose (hosts), and wore over them " tubrugos birreos,''
when on horseback. Gest. Longob. iv. c. 23. " Calceo, i. caligas et sotulares induere, to
put on hose. Oso, i. osas calciare, to house. Caliga, hose ; calicula, a lytell hose."
ORTUS. " An hose, caliga. Versus : Sunt ocree calige quos tibia ported amictus. To hose,
calciare, caligare." CATH. ANG. "Hose for ones legges, chausses. Hosyn and shossys,
cha(u)ssure. Payre of hose from the kne vp, demy chausses. Payre of sloppe hoses,
braiettes a marinier." PALSG. In the XVIth cent, the term hose was used to denote the
entire nether garment, comprising the upper stocks, or breeches, and the nether-stocks of
hosen, or stockings. The directions of Queen Eliz. by proclamation in 1565 are curiously
explicit as to the prescribed properties of this article of dress. Strype's Ann. Vol. i.
App. 78.
3 "An hosyrer (sic) calciator, caligator." CATH. ANG. " Hosyer, that maketh hosen,
chaiissettier.1 ' PALSG. Sherwood observes on the word " Hosier, chaussetier; aujoiirdhui
(1660) a Londres on appelle ainsi les cousturiers qui vendent les habits -d'homme tons
faits."
4 " Tussis, host." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "An host, lussis; to host, tussire."
CATH. ANG. "Raucedo, hoocenesse ; raucidus, hooce ; rauciduhis, sum dele hoce; raucus,
hoost." MED. Forby gives hoist, a cough. Ang.-Sax. hwosta, tussis.
" Yvresce fait fort home chatouner (creopen,)
Home aroee (hoos) fait haul huper (jellen.)" G. de Bibelesw.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
219
HOSTYN'. Oscito, uo. u. in H.
literd.
HOSTYN', or rowhyn', or cowghyn
(rowwhyn, H. rewyn, or cowhyn,
S.) TtlSSWj CATH. tUSSitO, CATH.
HOOT. Ccdidus, fervidus.
HOOTT BATHE. MurtetUIll, CATH.
et c. p. et UG. in mordeo, et in
(plurali, s.) terme, c. F.
(HoTYN, or hetyn, supra, p.)
HOTYN', or make bchestc (hotyn
or behotyn, K. p.)1 Promitto.
HOTYNGE, or behotynge, or behest
(behestynge, K.) Promissio.
HOTYNGE, or hetynge. Calefactio.
HOWE, or what (howj, or qwow,
s.) Quomodo, qnaliter.
HOWE, or hare, heed hyllynge
(howue, s. p.)2 Tena, CATH.
capedulum, c. F. sidaris, c. F.
Compare COWYN or hostyn. The Craven dialect still retains the word hoste, hoarseness.
See also Jamieson.
1 HETYN', MS. " Spondeo, to be-hoote. Sponsor et Jidejussor, a heetere." MED. MS.
CANT. " Promitto, Anglice to behyght. Promissio, a beheste. Dispondeo, to be-hyght,
or to plyght trouth. Nutio^ a promyse, or hyghtynge." ORTUS. " To beheste, destinare,
vovere, protnittere, &c. A beheste, policitacio, promissum, votum." CATH. ANG. Com-
pare BEHOTYN, or make a beheste, above. Ang.-Sax. hatan, julere ; beb/itan, vovere.
In tlie complaint of the Ploughman, given by Foxe, under the year 1360, it is said,
" though we preyen thee but a litle and shortlich, thou wilt theiiken on vs, and graunten
vs that vs nedeth, for so thou behighted vs somtime : " and again, " thou y high test
some tyme, &c. He (the Pope) behoteth men the blisse of heauen, withouten any
payne, that geuen him much money." Hole, signifying a promise, is used by R. Brunne;
it occurs in the Townl. Myst. p. 46 ; and the verb, thou hete, het, or bight, thou didst
promise. By R. (rlouc. and other writers to hote is used in the sense of to command, or
be called.
u This term, derived from Ang.-Sax. hufa, cidaris, is used to denote head coverings
of almost every description. In the satirical song on the Consistory Courts in the time
of Edward I. Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, 156, it is said,
" Furst ther sit an old cherle in a blake hure,
Of all that ther sitteth seemeth best syre."
It signifies a cap of estate, ^as in the bequest of John Earl of Warren, Surrey, and Strath-
orne, 1347 : " Jeo devys a Monsr. Will, de Warenne man filz ma hure d' 'argent dorre
pour Strathorne ove le cercle d'o.rgent dorre. pour ycul" Testam. Ebor. i. 43. Margaret
de Knaresburgh devises, in 1397, " flameolam, de jilo, cum j. c.damaudro, ac houfe ;
pann-um de lak; tenant de cerico ; flameolam de crispo," &c. Ibid. p. 221. In the
Vision of P. Ploughman, 418, allusion is made to the " howves of selk," worn by ser-
jeants-at-law; and Chaucer, in the Reve's Prol. 3909, uses the phrase " set his howve ; "
and speaks of " an howve above a call." Troil. B. iii. 775. In 1482. a petition was
preferred to Parliament by the craft of " hurers, cappers," &c. against the injurious
use of machinery, then introduced to supersede manual labour, by means of a fulling
mill, whereby the quality of " huers, bonettes, and cappes " was depreciated. See Rot.
Parl. vi. 233 ; Stat. of Realm, '22 Edw. IV., where they are termed " hurez, huretz,"
&c. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Maulde the huue or calle maker
(huttetier] maynteneth her wisely: she selleth dere her calles, or huuos (huues), she
soweth them with two semes." " Pileits, a cappe, an hatte, an hove, or a coyfe," MED.
" Tend tenet et ornut caput mulieris, Aiiylire a howfe, i. extrema pars vitte, qua de-
comce." ORTUS. "An howfe, tena." CATH. ANG. " Houe that a chylde is borne in,
taye." PALSO. Sir T. Brown, in Vulgar Errors, B. v. c. 11, alludes to the superstitious
CAMD, HOC. 2
250
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
HOWE, or Heve, propyr name.
(Howwe, or Huwe, HARL. MS.
2274, How, or Hw, s. Hue, P.
Hew, w.)1 Hugo.
HOVE, or grownd yvy (herbe, P.)2
Eclera terrestris.
HOVE of oyle, as barme, and ale
(hovre, or holy, as barme of ale,
s.)3 Amuria, TIG. in mergo.
HOVYL, lytylle howse. Teges,
OATH, et c. F. (tega, p.)
HOVYL for swyne, or oj?er beestys.
Cartabulum, c. F. catabulum,
s.)
HOWLE, byrde. Bubo, CATH.
HOWLYN', as beestys. Ululo.
HOWLYNGE of doggys, or ober
beestys. Ululatus.
How LONGE. Quamdtu, quous-
que, usquequo.
How MANY. Quot.
HOWE MEKYLLE (howe nioclie, P.)
Quantus.
HOWNDE. Canis, CATH.
HOWNDE FYSHE. Canis marinus,
COMM.
HOWNDE FLYE. Cinomia, c. F. vel
cinifex, COMM. vel cinifes, COMM.
HOWNDYS colere (howndych co-
lowre, s.) Millvsj CATH.
How OFTYN'. Quociens.
HOWSE. Domus, CATH. edes.
HOWSELYN' wythe the sacrament
(as the sacrament, s.)4 Com-
munico.
HOWSHOLDE. Familia.
notions in regard to the caul, or membrane wherein the head of a new-born infant
is occasionally wrapped, called the silly-how, Ang.-Sax. sselig, leatus, hufa, cidaris ;
Swed. seger hufwa. In Scotland it is termed the haly, or sily-how. See Brand's
Popular Ant. ; Ruddiman's Gloss, to G. Douglas, v. How ; and Jamieson. Compare
HWYR, cappe, hereafter.
1 " Huchone, Hugo, iiomen proprium viri." CATH. ANG.
2 Ground-ivy, gill, or ale-hoof, Glechoma hederacea, Linn, was anciently esteemed
both in medicine and as a condiment used in the concoction of ale. G. de Bibelesworth
mentions "eyre de loys, e eyre terestre (heyhowe.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 131. " Edera
terrestris ys an herbe bat me clepyb erth yuye, or heyoue ; " its virtues are detailed.
Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 74, b. In John Arderne's Practica, Sloane MS. 56, f. 61, the use
of " haihoue, vel halehoue, vel folfoyt, vel horshoue," in the composition of an unguent,
called Salus populi, is set forth. Gerard calls it ale- hoof, or tun-hoof, and states that
" the women of our Northern parts, especially about Wales and Cheshire, do tunne the
herbe ale-hoof into their ale." Compare TUISHOVE, hereafter. Langham, in the Gar-
den of Health, 1579, details the qualities of " Alehoofe, ground iuie, gilrumbith, ground
or Tudnoore ; " and Cotgrave gives " patte de chat, cats-foot, aleboofe, tunehoofe,
ground ivy, Gill creep by the ground." Skinner thought that ale-hoof was derived
from all, and behofe, utilitas, from its numerous medicinal properties, but the derivation
of the name is possibly from hof, ungvla, in allusion to the hoof-shaped leaf. In the
West, the plant colt's-foot is called horse' s-hoof. It is possible that the readhofe of
of the Anglo-Saxon herbals is the ground ivy, to which, however, the name eor'Sifig was
assigned.
3 The reading here seems to require correction ; the word does not occur in the other
MSS. or in the printed editions. Amurca is explained by Ugutio, and in the Ortus, to
be "'inferior fex olei, dregs of oyle," but Muria signifies the " superior fex olei ; " and
HOVE_here seems to be put for such impurities as float on the surface. Compare the verb
HOVYN yn water, or ober lycoure.
4 In the curious directions t«> the parish priest regarding the instructions which he
PW03I L'TOUIUM PARVULORUM.
251
HOWB HOLD ABB (howsalder, K.)
Pater familias, yconomus.
HOWSYN', or putty 11 yn a howse.
Domifero, OATH.
HOWSYN', or makyn' howsys.
(DomijicO) CATH. s. P.)
HOWSKEPARE. Edituus, editua,
CATH.
HOWSLEKE, herbe, or sengrene.1
Barba Jovis, semper viva, ju-
barbium, c. F.
HOWESONE. QuamtociuSj quam-
cicius.
HOWTYN', or cryyfi'. Boo, KYLW.
HOWTYN', or cryefi as shepmcnn
(howten, K. P. liowen, J. w.)2
Celeumo, CATH.
HOWTYNGE, crye.3 Boema, CATH.
et KYLW. Sohowe, the hare ys
fownde, boemay lepus est in-
ventus.
HOWHYN' (howghyn, K. howwhyn,
H.)4 Subnervo (enervo, P.)
HOVYN' yn watur, or o}>er lycoure.5
Supernato.
HOVYN yn \>e eyre, as byrdys (as
was bound to give his flock in the mother tongue, at least four times in the year, it is
said of the wine given to the laity, " Lewede men bat underfongeb Godys body ne
shul now3t by-leue bat bat drynke >at bey vnderfongeb after here howsel, ys any ober
sacrament hute wyne and water for to brynge in be oste be betere." Burney MS. 376,
p. 93. Compare Add. MS. 10,053, f. 109. " Communico, to make comun, or housel.
Communio, a comunynge, or a houselynge. Cena, a souper or a houslynge." ORTUS.
"Oblata, howsell." Harl. MS. 1587. " Eukaristia, howayll." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII.
"To howsylle, communicare." CATH. ANG. In the Accounts of the Churchwardens of
Walden, 36 Hen. VI. a charge occurs "pro lavacione j. mamitergii pro hoselynge."
Hist, of Audley End. In the Golden Legend it is said in the Life of St. John, " he said
the masse, and houseled and comuned the people." Ang.-Sax. huslian, Eucharistia/m
celebrare ; husel, panis sacer.
1 "House leke, iombarde." PALSG. W.Turner says that " Sedum magnum is called
also in Latin sempervivum, in English houseleke, and of som singren, but it ought better
to be called aygrene." Herbal, 1562. See ORPYN, hereafter.
2 HOWCYN, MS. See the note on HALOW, schypmannys crye.
3 HOWNTYNGE crye, MS. The alphabetical arrangement indicates an error in this
reading; and all the other MSS., as likewise Pynson's edition, read Howtynge, cry; how-
ynge, W. de Worde, ed. 1516. In the curious treatise entitled the Master of the Game,
Vesp. B. xn. and Harl. MS. 5086, will be found a detailed account of the proper use
of *' so how," and all the stimulating cries used in field sports. See also the " huntynge
of the haare," in Dame Julyana Bernes' Boke of Huntynge, sign. d. iij.
4 To hough, or hock the ham-strings, seems to be derivable from Ang.-Sax. hoh,
poples, or possibly the etymon heawan, secure, may be preferred. In the Wicliffite ver-
sion, Josh. xi. 6, it is written " thou shalt hoxe the horses, subnervabis,'''' Vulg. A state-
ment in Rot. Parl. vi. 38, sets forth that in a riot in Yorkshire, 1472, one Rich. William-
son was "speared, and hough synued."
5 Minot, who wrote about 1350, speaks of the French fleet sent against the English
coasts, composed of galleys, carectes, and galiotes,
" With grete noumber of sniale botes,
Al thai hoved on the flode." iii. p. 11.
In R. Wimbeldon's Sermon at Paul's Cross, 1389, given by Foxe, it is said, " In a tonne
of wyne the dreggis dwellen byneth, and the cliere wyne houeth aboue.'' Compare HOVE
of oyle, and FLETYN. The verb to hove, in the various senses here given, appears to be
derived from hof, the past tense of Ang.-Sax. hehban, elevure.
252 PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
bryddys, or skyis, or other lykc,
K. hovuu in eyjire, as byrdys, or
askyys, H. as birdis, or askes,
p.)1 Supervolo, supervolito.
HOVYN' on hors, and a-bydyii'.2
SirocinO) KYLW.
(HucHE, K. Cista, archa.)
HWYR, cappe (hvyr, K. hure, H.
hvrwyr, P. hurwyr, J. w.)3 Tena,
c. F. et UG. in tcneo.
HwKSTARE(hukstere, K.)4 Auxio-
nator, auxionatrix, auxionarius.
HUKSTARE of frute. Colibista.
HULKE, shyppe 5 Hulcus.
HULLOWRB, idem e quod HOREL,
supra.6
1 This word is evidently synonymous with hover. The reading "skyis" is question-
able, but SKYE occurs hereafter in the sense of a cloud. See the earlier Wicliffite ver-
sion, Deut. xxxii. 11, "As an egle forthclepynge his bryddis to flee, and on hem
houynge (super eos volitans," Vulg.)
2 This verb is used in this sense by R. Glouc. p. 218 ; Chaucer, Troil. B. v. ; Gower,
and other writers. Fabyan speaks of Jack Cade, 1450, as " houynge at Blackhethe ;"
and states that at Bosworth, "some stode houynge a ferre of, tyl they saw to the whyche
partye the victory fyll." In the description of that conflict, as given in the song of Lady
Bessy, by Humphrey Brereton, Richard says,
" I myselfe will hove on the hill, I say,
The fair battle I will see." page 44.
3 See the note on HOWE, or hure, heed hyllynge.
4 " Auccionarius, a hukstere : Auccio, ekynge : Auccionor, to merchaunt, and huk."
MED. " I hucke, as one dothe that wolde bye a thing good cheape, le harcelle and le
marchande." PALSG. Junius derives huckster from the Dutch Hoecker, a retailer,
because he endeavours to hook, or draw in strangers ; but it seems to be allied to the
Ang.-Sax. eacan, augere, because he sells at a higher price than the first dealer. In
Friar Michael's Satire on the people of Kildare, written about 1308, the huckster appears
to have been a female victualler,
" Hail be je, hokesters, dun bi J>e lake,
Wi)j caudles and golokes and \>e pottes blak,
Tripis and kine fete and schepen heuedes." Harl. MS. 913, f. 8, b.
In the oath of the beadle of the ward, and of constables, according to the Customs of
London, is the following clause : " Ye shalbe no regrater of vitale, nor none huxter of
ale, nor partiner with none of theym." Arnold's Chron. 93. " Hucster, a man, qno-
guetier : Hucster, a woman, quoquetiere." PALSG. " Howkstar that sellethe meate and
drynke, caupo." ELYOT. " Regrateur, an huckster, mender, dresser, trimmer up of old
things for sale. Revendtur, a huckster, or regrator. Maquignon, a hucster, broker,
horse-courser." COTG.
5 In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that warfare by sea
should be suspended after the equinox, when "grete vesselles made for the nones (for
aventure of merchaundise) as carickes, dromondis, hevy hulkis, grete cogges, and shippes
of toure," may venture forth ; but the captain, who must lead his troops in " small
and light vessels, as galeies, barges, fluynnes, and ballyngers," is dissuaded from the
attempt, B. iv. c. 39. Walsingham relates that in the engagement between the Duke
of Bedford and the French, 1416, " cepit tres caricas, ft unctm hulkain, et quatuor balin-
gariaa." Camd. 394. " Hulke, a shyppe, hevrcque*" PALSG. " Orque, a hulke, a huge
ship." COTG.
6 This term of reproach is used by Rob. Glouc. and Chaucer, W. of Bathe's Prol.
5836; and again in the Persone's Tale, as follows: "If he repreve him uncharitably of
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
253
HULWUR, tre (huluyr, K. p.)1
Hulmus, hulcus, aut huscus.
HUMLOCK, hcrbe. Sicuta, lingua
cunis (intuba, P.)
HUMMYNGE (hfmynge, s.) Reuma
(secundum Lev say, s.)
HUNDRYD. Centum.
HUNDRYD tymes. Cencies.
HUNGYR. Fames, esuries.
HUNGRY. Famelicus, esuriens.
HUNGRYN', or waxyii' hungry
(wax hungry, s.) Esurio.
HUNTARE. Venator.
HUNTYNGE. VenaciOj venatus.
HUNTON. Venor.
HURDYCE, or hustylment (hurdyse,
H. P. hustysment, K. rstylment,
s.)2 Utensile (suppellex, p.)
HURL, or debate. Sedicio, c. F.
HVRLERE, or debate maker. Se-
diciosus, c. F.
HURLYN', or debatyn'.3 Incursor,
c. F.
HURLYNGE, or stryfe. Incurcio,
c. F. conflictus.
HuRTE,orhurtynge. Lesio, lesura.
HURT, or hurtyd. Lesus.
HURTUN, or harmyn'. Ledo.
HURT(EL)YNGE (hurtlynge, K.)
Collisio, contactus.
HURTELYN,' as too thyngys to-
gedur (herthyn, H. hurcolyn, s.)
sinne, as, thou holour ! thou dronkelowe harlot ! and so forth." In the version of Vege-
cms, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said of the selection of soldiers, that " fishers, foulers,
runnours, and gestours, lechours, and holours ne shulde not be chosen to knyghthode, ne
not be suffred comnie nyghe the strengthes, — for this maner of menne with her lustes
shulle rather nasshe the hertes of warriours to lustes, thenne hardenne theim to fighte."
B. i. c. 7. In the Towneley Myst. the words holard and horell occur.
' Thise dysars and thise hullars,
Thise cokkers and thise bollars,
And alle purs cuttars,
Bese welle war of thise men.'
Processus talentorum, p. 242.
" Holier, houlleur ; debaucM, hixurieux." BOQUEF. See Ducange, v. Holerii.
1 The holly is still called in Norfolk hulver, and in Suffolk hulva; it seems to be the
tree which is called by Chaucer "an hulfere," in the Complaint of the Black Knight.
Skinner supposes it may be so called from its holding or lasting long, Ang.-Sax. feor,
longe, or holding fair, as being evergreen. "Houx, the holly, holme, or hulver tree.
Petit houx, kneehulver, butchers broom." COTG. Holland, in his translation of Pliny,
speaks of the "holly or hulver tree." B. xxiv. c. 13.
2 In Goer de Lion " hurdys " are mentioned repeatedly, lines 6127, 3969; " hurdices,"
K. Alis. 2785, but evidently signify barricades, palissades, or large shields termed pavises.
See Ducange, v. Hurdicium. It may in the sense above given have been used metapho-
rically.
3 In a satire on the studies of the Dialecticians of the times of Edvv, I. it is said,
" Whan menne horlith ham here and there,
Nego saveth ham fram care. Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, 211.
" Y was hurlid, and turned upsodoun (impulsus eversus sum, Vulg.) J?at y schulde falle
doun, and }>e lord took me up." Ps. cxvii. 13, Wicl. version. John Payne writes to
his master, John Paston, regarding the trouble that befell him in Cade's rebellion,
1450, "and a-none aftyr y1 hurlyng the Byshop Rosse apechyd me to the Quene."
Past. Lett. i. 62. Ilorman says of troublous times, " in that whorlynge of the worlde
254
PUOMPTORIUM PARVULOIIUM.
hurchyn togeder, p.)1 Imping o,
collide.
HURRON', or bombon as bees, and
other lyke (hurryn, or bumbyn as
ben, K. hurren or bumbyn as been,
or other like, P. Bombizo,
HUSBONDE, idem quod HOSEBOND,
supra) hnsbond of gouernawnce,
K. man of gouernaunee, p.2 Pa-
terfamilias.}
( HUSBONDE, wedded man, p.
Maritus, j. w.)
HUSBONDYN', or wysely dyspendyn'
worldely goodya. Dispensn, ico-
nomico, c. P. vel prudenter dis-
pensare.
HusBONDYsbrothere. Lussus,c. F.
HUSKE of frute, or oj?er lyke.
Corticillus, cullea. UG. in claudo,
folliculus, CATH. et c. F. acinus
vel acinum, c. F.
HUSKE, fyshe (husk, fishe, K. H.
husk of fyshe, s. p.)3 Squa-
wms, c. F. squaruSj CATH.
HUSKE of a note. Nuci, UG. in
noceo (nauci, s.)
(temporum nomtate) I wiste nat what to do. Hurrelynge, murmura." " I hurle, I make
a noyse as the wynde dothe, ie bruys.^ P;.LSG.
1 " Collicio, to-gidur hurtlynge. Collisus, to-gidur hurtled." MED. The sounds
produced by the minstrels at a marriage, described in William and the Werwolf, were
so varied a,nd powerful that the hearers might think
" bat heuen hastili and er)>e schuld hurtel to gader,
So desgeli it denede that al J?er>e quakede." p. 180.
This word is of frequent occurrence in the Wicliffite version. " The litil children were
hurtlid togidere (collidebantur, Vulg.) in her wombe." Gen. xxv. 22. See also Mark
ix. 17; Dedis xxvii. 41. In the Golden Legend it is said of the final Judgment, " the
seuenth sygne, the stones shal smyte and hurtle togyder." It is used by Chaucer,
Spenser, and Shakespeare.
2 In the version of Macer's treatise of the virtues of herbs it is said of honysuckle,
" if }>e bechyues be anointed with )>e ius of her leeues, \>e been shalt not goo a-way;
J?e housbondes kepe her swarmes in tyme of yere by suche anoyntynge." Hardyng says
of the taxation imposed by Rufus, which sorely oppressed the commons,
" A kyng woteth not what harmeth hcusbandrye,
Housbande to pill and taxe outrageously." Chron. c. 125.
" An husband, edituus, iconimus, incola, paterfamilias.'''' CATH. ANG. " This smythe
is a good housbande (mesnaigier) , for I herde hym beate with his hamer to daye afore
foure of ye clocke. Husbande, a thriuyng man, mesnaigier. Husbandes house in the
countre, or maner place, metayrie." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. hus-bonda, domus mayister.
3 "Squares, quidam piscis; et dicitur a squamd, quia squamis acutus sit, unde et
ejus cute lignum politur." CATH. Pennant states that the rough skin of the Squalus
squatina, Linn, or Angel shark, was used by the ancients to polish wood and ivory,
according to Pliny, ix. c. 12; and that in England the skin of the greater dog-fish, cat-
fish, or bounce, Squalus canicula, Linn, called in French roussete, is applied to the
same purpose. Zool. iii. pp. 87, 99. This last appears to be the species here called
the huske. Palsgrave gives " husse, a fysshe, rousette ;" and Cotgrave explains
ro^(,sset to be "a little ruddie dog-fish." "Squatina, a soole fysshe with a roughe
skynne, wherewith fletchers doo make theyr arrowes smoothe." ELYOT. In N. Britain
the Cydopterut lumpus, Linn, the lump, or sea-owl, is called hush-paddle, in Germ,
see-haess, lepus marinus. See Jamieson. Compare Teut. hesse, catus.
1'ROMFTORIUM I'ARVULORUM. 255
HUSPYLYN', or spoylyii' (spolyyn,
H.)1 Spolio, dispolio.
HUSTYLMENT (or barneys, or hur-
clyce, snpra.}2 Utensile, supellex.
HUSWYFE. Materfamilius.
HUSWYFERY. Yconomia.
HUGE, or grete. Magnus.
(HuTCHE, or whyclic, supra in
HOCHE.3 Cista, arclia.)
IAGGE, or dagge of a garment.4
Fractillus, CATH.
IAGGYD, or daggyd. Fractillosus.
1 To huspil, in the dialect of Shropshire, signifies to disorder, destroy, or knock about.
See Hartshorne's Salopia. In old French hoiispouillier, or harpailleur, implies a thievish
marauder, " homme qui iiole les gens de la campagne, vagabond." ROQUEF. " S'/iouspiller
run rautre, to tug, lug, hurry, tear one another," &c. coxa. Compare gaspiller, which,
according to Menage, has the same origin.
a " Suppellectilia, hustelment." MED. This term is used in the original MS. by the
first hand, in Bodl. Libr. of the earlier Wicliffite version ; " Thou shalt anoynt of it the
tabernacle, &c. and the candelstik, and the hustilmentis of it (utensilia, Vulg.)" Exod.
xxx. 28. It occurs in several documents connected with the Eastern Counties. Joanna,
relict of Sir T. Hemgrave, made, about 1421, a will under constraint of her second
husband, devising to him personal effects and a sum of money, " 1150 marcs, with
other jewel and hostelment that were mine other husbands goods and mine," as
stated in her protest. Hist, of Hengrave, 93. John Hakone of Wyneton makes the
following devise in 1437; "I wyll that alle necessaries and hustylments longyng to
myn howsehold, that is to sey, to halle, chaumbyr, and kechene be disposed to the
use of my wife." Norwich Wills, Harl. MS. 10, f. 267. In the Paston Letters, ii. 26,
are mentioned " gonnes, crossebows, and quarells, and alle other hostelments to the
maneur (of Caistor) belonginge." 1469, 9 Edw. IV. In 1492 Robert Parker be-
queaths to his wife all his " hostiliaments, utenselys, and jovv^ellys, to his house per-
taining." Cullum's Hawsted, 17. The word seems to be taken from the old Fr.
oustittement, ROQUEH. " Outillemens, stuffe, movables, household furniture, or imple-
ments." COTG.
3 Sir John Maundevile says of the Ark of the Testimony, " that arke, or hucche, with
the relikes, Tytus ledde with him to Rome, whan he had scomfyted alle the J ewes."
Voiage, p. 102. By Chaucer the word is written " wiche." Caxton, in the Boke
for Travellers, says of household stuff, " these thinges set ye in your whutche (huclie)
or cheste ; your jewellis in your forcier, that they be not stolen." " Archa, a whycche,
a arke, and a cofyre. Arcliula, a lytelle whycche. Cibutum, a mete whycche.
Cista, a whycche." MED. " Hutche, a chest, cofre, h^(c/^e." PALSG. Ang.-Sax.
hwoecca, area.
4 Fractilhis is explained in the Catholicon to be " cauda vel f ragmen panni fssi ;
cauda ornatus pendens ex inferiors parte : fraclillus dicitur etiam villas in tapeto vel alid
veste villosd." Herman says, " he hath a pleasure in geagged clothynge, lasciniosa veste :"
and Palsgrave gives " I iagge or cutte a garment, ie c/iicynette, ie deschicquette, ie descouppe.
I iagge nat my hosen for thrifte, but for a bragge. He is outher a landed man, or a
foole yl cutteth his garments. Iagge, a cuttyng, ckicqueture. If I iagge my cappe, thou
hast naught to do." This strange fashion, which, as it has been observed in the note on
the word DAGGE, prevailed during the reign of Rich. II. was not disused even in the
XVIth cent. It is particularly noticed by Hardyng, who states that it was described to
him by the clerk of Richard's household.
" Cut werke was greate both in court and tounes,
Both in mennes hoddis and also in their gounes." Chron. c. 1D3.
25G PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
IAY, byrde. Graculus, ut dicitur
secundum communem scolam, sed
contrarium dicit c. F. ut patet
infra in ROKE, bryde ; vel forte
est equivocum : garrulus, c. F.
IAYLERE, or gayler. Ergaster,
KYLW. carcerarius.
IAKKE of defence, garment (iak of
fence, s.)1 Baltheus.
IAMYS, propyr name. Jacobus.
IANGELERE. Garrulator, gar-
ridus, CATH. garrula, dicax,
c. F. loquax.
IANGELERE, fulle of wordys.
Semiverbius, UG. in sereno.
IANGELYN', or iaveryn' (iaberyn,
p.)2 Ga(r)rulo, blatero, c.
garrio, CATH. relatro, UG.
F.
1 A full account of the defensive armour called a jack is given by Sir S. Meyrick, in
his observations on ancient military garments worn in England, Archseol. xix. 224.
Mention of it occurs as early as 1375, in the will of Thos. de Hemenhale, who devises
" unum iakke de rubio worstede." Transcripts from Norwich Registers, Harl. MS. 10.
Walsingham relates that Wat Tyler's mob, in the sack of John of Gaunt's palace at the
Savoy, ] 381, found " vestimentum preciosissimum ipsius, quale lacke vocaimis.'1'' Camd.
p. 249. It is mentioned in the will of Henry Snayth, clericus, 1380 ; " Lego duas
loricas ferreas, duas bacinetts cum ventall', et duas iakkys cooper-to* cum fust'; " and
in 1391, Margery, widow of Sir Will, de Aldeburgh, bequeaths to her son " unum
duphim cum loricd interius opertum cum rubeo correo caprce. Item, unum iak defen-
cionis opertum nigro velveto." Test. Ebor. i. 113, 150. Sir S. Meyrick questions the
authority of Nicot's definition that the jack was an habiliment stuffed with cotton ;
in the Catholicon Ang. however, written 1483, is given " a iakke, bombiciuium."
Towards the close of the XVth cent, a less cumbersome defence of a similar nature,
termed a jacket, was more in use. Palsgrave gives " iacke, harnesse, iacq, iacque:
iacket, teion : iacket without sleues, hocqudon : jacket that hath but four quarters,
iacquette.'1'' Caxton says in the Boke for Travellers, " Donaas the doblet maker hath
performed my doublet and my iaquet, mon pourpainte et won paltocque." In the
accounts of the Lestrange family, 1532, are the following entries: " Item, paid for ij.
pownd of twyn for the iacks. Item, paid for iij. elnes of canvas for yr iack. Item,
paid to the taylour for the wurkmanshippe of iij. iacks, ix.,?. iv.rf. Item, paid for
twyn for jour iacks. Item, paid to Matthew Smith (or the smith) for making of plates
for the iackes, iv.s. ij.rf." The kind of jack to which this last entry relates is described
in Lily's Euph. Eng. where it is said that the armour of the English consists of " cors-
lets, Almaine rivets, shirts of male, iackes quilted, and covered over with leather, fustian,
or canvas, over thick plates of yron that are sowed to ye same.'' It seems to have been
identical with the brigandine. The jack may even have been occasionally formed with
mail; in Edw. III. i. 2, Capell's Prolus. are mentioned "jacks of gymold mail."
Thus Florio explains " Giacco, a iacke of maile, made like a corslet, a iacket or shirt of
maile. Giachetta, a iacket or shirt of maile :" and Cotgrave gives " laque, a iacke or
coat of mail, and thence a iacke for the body of an Irish greyhound, &c. made commonly
of a wild boares tanned skinne, and put on him when he is to coap with that violent
beast." The sense in which baltheus is used in the Promptorium is singular ; it signifies
commonly a girdle, but here COTE ARMURE, DOBBELET, and PALTOK, military garments,
are rendered by the term baltheus.
2 " Dapax, yanglynge, or spekynge of mete." MED. " To iangylle, ubi to chater.
langyller^/zc^'fo's, poliloquus, &c. ubi chaterynge." CATH. ANG. " I iangyll, ie babille, ie
cacquettt: she iangleth lyke a iaye." PALSG. To jangle occurs in the sense of chattering
in the Vis. of Piers Ploughm. ; Chaucer, Man of Lawes Tale, 5194; Grower, &c. " lanyhr,
to jangle, prattle, tattle saucily, or scurvily." COTG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
257
IANGELYN', or iaveryn' a~3en, J>at
ys clepyd clencliyng a-$en
(clensyng a-3en, s.)1 Oggarrio,
CATH.
IANGELYN', and talkyn'. Con-
fabulor, fabulor, colloquor.
IANGELYNGE. Garrulacio.
IANGELYNGE, or talkynge. Con-
fabulacio, collocucio.
lAPE.2 Nuga, frivolum, scur(r)ili-
tas.
IAPER. Nugax, nugaculus, CATH.
nugigerulus, CATH. gerro, UG.
in gero.
IAPYN' (or tryflon, infra.) Trupho,
illudo, c. F. ludifico (deludo, P.)
IARDYNE almaunde.3 Amigdalum
jardinum, amigdalum (jarda-
num amigdalum, s.)
IASPE, stone. laspis.
IAVEL.* Joppus, gerro> UG. in
gero, joppa.
1 " Oggarrio, i. contra garrire." CATH. v. Oarrio. Compare CLENCHYN a,$en, or
chaueryn a3en for prowde herte.
2 Compare GAWDE, or iape, above. " Nugor, i. nugos facere, trufare, vel nugos
frequenter dicere, to tryfle, or iape, or lye. Nuyax, i. va)ius,fatit,us, &c. a iaper or fole.
Nugacitas, iaperye." ORTUS. " To iape, nugari ; iapande, nugans, nugacidus. lapanly,
nugaciter." CATH. ANG. " I iape, I tryfle, ie truffe, ie truffle, ie me lourde. I dyd but
iape with hym, and he toke it in good ernest. Iape, a trifyll, truffe.'''' PALSG. " II n'est
pas gas, it is no iape." Ilarl. MS. 219. It is said of St. Nicholas in the Golden Legend,
that "in his yonge age he eschewed ye playes and iapes of other yonge chyldren."
Fabyan relates that William Rufus was warned of his approaching end, " but he set all
at nought, and made of it a scoffe, or a iape." Horman says, " he bete me cursedly with
a rod, as it had ben in iape, velut per ludum. Leue thy iapys, mitte nugas. At the
begynnynge I hadde wente thou haddeste iapyde, putavi te joco fecisse." Junius has
detailed the use of this word, especially by Chaucer, and seeks a derivation by comparison
with Isl. geip, jactatio. Skinner derives it from Fr. gaber. It appears, moreover,
from Speght's Glossary, appended to Chaucer, that, having become of ambiguous import,
the word was scarcely admitted in polite parlance ; and this is confirmed by Palsgrave,
who gives the verb " I iape a wenche, ie /out, and ie listocqiie. It is better to iape a
wenche than to do worse."
3 Gerarde speaks of " a large sweet almond, vulgarly termed a Jordan almond."
4 Javel or jevel is a term of contempt, which signifies, according to Bp. Kennett, " a
rascal or base fellow."
" Lat be, quoth Jock, and call'd him jevel,
And by the tail him tugged." Christ Kirk, st. 7.
Forte a Sax. go- full, immundus, prof anus, reus, putidus ; or ge-fyll. The Lieutenant of
the Tower, advising Sir Thomas More to put on worse clothes at his execution, gave this
reason, because he that is to have them is but a Javel : to which Sir Thomas replied,
" Shall I count him a Javel who is to doe me so great a benefit ? " Lansd. MS. 1033.
In Roper's Life of More the term employed is " raskall." Skelton uses the word javell
frequently : it is one of the opprobrious epithets that are put into the mouth of Wolsey,
in " Why come ye not to Court ? " and occurs in a passage cited by Hearne, and attri-
buted to Skelton, Glossary to Langt. Chron. v. Wroken.
" These be as knappishe knackes,
As ever man made,
For javells and for jackes,
A jym jam for a jade." Naves
CAMD. SCO. 2 L
258
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
IAWNDYCE, sekenesse. Hicteria
(liictericia, K. p. ettericia, s.)
ICE. Glades.
ICHE, or ylke. Quililet.
ICHYN', or ykyii', or jykyfi' (ye-
kyn, K. jichyn, s. ekyu, H. P.)
Prurio.
IDYL. Ociosus.
IDELNESSE. Ociositas, ocium.
IDYL SPEKARE. Vanidicus, vani-
loquus, CATH. (garriloquus,
K.)
IDYOTE, neither fowle ne ryghte
wyce (idyote, lialfe innocent,
H. P. idyothe, nodyr foole, no-
)?er wyse, s.) Idiota.
IDDYR, or vddyr of a beeste
(iddyr, pappe, K. p.) Uber.
IE s SYS, to bynde hawkys wythe
(ieshys, to bryng wyth hawkys,
s.)1 Jactacula, plur. KYLW. et
COMM. (jactula, p.jacula, w.)
lETTYN'.2 Verno, c, F. et alia
supra in G. GETTYN'.
Nares quotes Spenser, and other writers, by whom the word is used, and thinks it may
be derived from Fr. javelle, a brush-wood faggot, a name that might be applied to such
fellows as Shakespeare calls " rash bavin wits." Holland, in his version of Pliny, speaks
of the " javels," stalks, or stems of line or flax. B. xix. c. 1. See further observations
in Jamieson. Compare IOPPE, or folte, Jopp^ls, and IAPER, Gerro.
1 Jesses or gesses, used in falconry, are thus denned by Nicot : " Gfects (gets, or
giez) sonl deux petites courroies courtes de peau de chien, une en chague jambe du faulcon
pres lar serre ; au dessus desquels sont les sonnettes tenans a une autre petite courroye
a part." Latham says that " Jesses are those short straps of leather which are fastened
to the hawks legges, and so to the Lease by Varvels, Anlets, or such like." The origin
of the term is evident, as signified by the Emperor Fred. II. in his treatise de arte
Venandi, ii. c. 38 ; namely, " ob hoc jacti dicuntur, quod cum eis jaduntur falcones, et
emittuntur ad prcedam" They are also called Oetti. See Ducange and Menage. In
" Dame Julyan Bernes Processe of hawkyng" it is stated that " Hawkys have abowte
theyr leggys gesses made of leddyr moost comynly, some of sylke, whyche scholde be noo
lenger but that the knottys of theym sholde appere in myddys of the left honde, bytwene
the longe fyngre and the leche fyngre ; by cause the Lewnes sholde be fastenyd to theym
wyth a payre of Tyrettys," &c. St. Alban's Book, sign. b. iij.
2 This word does not appear to be retained in the East Anglian dialect. Tusser uses
it both in the sense of strutting about ostentatiously, and of actively busying oneself, or
bustling to and fro. In the interesting account of his own life, he says that his desire
was ease and contentment, and to live uprightly,
" More than to ride with pomp and pride,
Or for to jet in others debt." Stanza 38.
In his Epistle to the Lady Paget, prefixed to his Book of Huswifery, among the quali-
ties of a good housewife, he says that she " should jetty from morning to night."
Palsgrave gives the following illustrations of the use of this word : " I iette, I make a
countenaunce with my legges, ie me iamboye. I wotte nat what his herte is, but he
ietteth horriblye in his pace. I iette w* facyon and countenaunce to set forthe myselfe,
ie Iraggue. I get, I use a proude countenaunce and pace in my goyng. Se I praye the
howe this countrefayte gentilman getteth, comment ce gentyllastre Iraggue en se pro-
menant. I go a iettynge or a ryottynge, ie raude. Dothe thy father fynde the in the
universyte to go a iettynge a nyghtes ? te laille ton pere exhibition a Vuniuersite pour
aller rauder? " Cotgrave gives " Batre les rues, to iet, reuell, or swagger vp and down
the streets in the night. lamboyer, to iet, or wantonly to go in and out with the legs.
Fringuer, to iet or brave it, to be fine, spruce, trimme, to wantonise it," &c. Anchoran
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORT7M.
259
IKYL (iekyll, w.)1 Stiria, UG. in
stuprwn, CATH. et c. F.
ICCHE, or jiche (ikche, or 3ykche,
s.) Pruritus.
(!KYN, supra in YCHYN, H. echyn,
*•)
ILDE, be-twene too freshe waters
(iyld, s.)2 Amnis.
ILDE, londe in the see(iylde, K. ile,
w.) Insula.
(ILKE, or eche, supra in ICHE, P.)
IMAGE. Imago, statua.
IMAGE on a grave, in mynde made
of be dede (in meend of be ded
man, s.) Colossus, c. F. et CATH.
IMAGYN'. Imaginor.
lMNE(impne, H. imme, P.) Impnus.
IMNERE. Imnarium.
IMPARE, or graffere (gryffar, K. P.)
Inserter, surculator.
IMPE, or graffe (gryf, K.) Sur-
culus, novella, CATH. novellus,
CATH.
IMPYD (or grafted, p.) Insertus.
IMPYN', or graffyn' (gryffyn, K )3
Insero.
in the Gate of Tongues, p. 178, says that " one made to avoide his countrey wandereth
abroad, and gaddeth and ietteth up and downe, vagatur." Ed. 1633. " To jet up and
down, vagor, spatior, tolutatim iiicedere. To jet like a lord, incedo. To jet to and
fro, volito. A jetter, gradarius" GOULDM. Compare GETTYN and GETTARE.
1 The Gloss on Gaut. de Bibelesworth renders " esclarcyl, en ychele." Arund. MS.
220, f. 300, b. In Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, 732, occurs the word " iisseikkles : "
and by Chaucer it is written " iseickle." " Stiria est gutta fluens, vel cadens congelata,
a nykle." MED. MS. CANT. " Stiria est gutta frig ore concrete, pendens gutttitimque slillans,
a yokle." ORTUS. " Slirium, hysehykylle." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " An 130-
kelle, stirium." CATH. ANG. Grose gives iccles as a word used in the North ; and it is
given in the Craven dialect, as likewise ice-shackles ; see also Brockett, v. Ice-shoggle,
and Jamieson, v. Isechokill. Arig.-Sax. ises-gicel, glacialis stiria. Compare THOWE of
snowe, or yclys, or yce, hereafter.
2 An island in the Severn, about four miles N. of Worcester, called by Flor. Wigorn.
" Bevereye," and at the present time Bevere, served as a retreat to the people of that
city when it was burned by Hardicanute, A.D. 1041, on their resisting the payment of
tribute. See the Sax. Chron. Langtoft gives a relation of the circumstances.
" But ho bat fled wib ber godes to be ilde of Seuerne,
And bat wer in be ilde duelled ber for drede,
Untill be Kyng turned, and his wrath ouer 3ede." R. Brunne, p. 56.
In another passage, p. 151, he relates that Richard Coeur de Lion took possession of two
islands in the Mediterranean, one "that ilde bight Labamare," which is described as
situated in the straights of Messina; and another "ilde" called " Griffonie," meaning,
perhaps, Sicily. In Kyng Alisaunder the word " ydle," as printed by Weber, seems to
be the same word, varying by local pronunciation.
" Euerych ydle, euerych contrey,
He hath y-soughth, par ma fey ;
An ydle he passeth y-hote Perfiens!" 5908.
3 The verb to imp, Ang.-Sax. impan, inserere, and the substantive imp, a graft, scion,
or young shoot, occur in the Vis. of P. Ploughm, 2746; and are used by Chaucer.
" Of what kynd of ympe in gardein or in frith
Ymped is in stocke, fro whence it came
It sauourith euer, and is nothyng to blame." Hardyng's Chron. c. 98.
260 FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
IMPYNOE (or graffinge, P.) In-
sertura.
IN, of herboroghe (or herborwe,
K. inne, P.) Hospicium, diver-
sorium, c. F.
INAMELYD.! Inamelatus.
See also Seuyn Sages, 574. " Insicio, impynge." MED. "An impe, ubi a grafte."
CATH. ANG. " Ymye, or graffe, insita, inscita.'1'' Vocab, Harl. MS. 1587. "Impe,
a yonge springe. Impe or grasse, pasturage" PALSG. " Empeau, an impe to graffe."
COTG. Among the disbursements of Thomas Lucas, Sol. Gen. to Hen. VII. when Little
Saxham Hall was erected, 1507, is a payment "for setting stokkes for graffes, impes of
cherys, damsayns, and filberdes." Rokewode's Hund. of Thingoe, 145. See Nares.
1 The application of enamel to every description of ornamental work in metal was
much used in England from the Anglo-Saxon times, until the XVIth cent. The num-
ber of existing specimens is, indeed, small; owing, probably, to the precious metals
having been most frequently employed for enamelled works, which have been melted
down to form ornaments suited to the successive changes of fashion ; but ancient wills
and inventories, especially the lists of crown jewels printed in the Kalendars of the
Exchequer Treasury, afford abundant evidence of the profusion of enamelled plate and
jewellery in England. There may be but insufficient evidence to show that the earliest
works of this kind, such as fibulae, and minor personal ornaments, were executed by
British artificers ; but the character of ornament which is presented by them, the men-
tion that is made in early records of the skill of our countrymen, and the distinctive
term of Opus Anglicanum, to designate their ornamental works in metal, give to such
a supposition a high degree of probability. A specimen of interest preserved in the
British Museum appears by the legend to have been the ring of Ethelwulf, King of
Wessex, from 836 to 858, father of A'lfred. See Archaeol. vii. pi. xxx. It is of gold,
and appears to be properly an enamelled work, the field, according to the ordinary pro-
cess of the earlier period, being chiselled out to receive a vitrified metallic compound
of a dark blue colour, which was fixed by fusion in the cavities formed by the tool, and
set off the design produced by those parts of the metal that had been left in relief.
Another mode of workmanship, in some degree analogous, appears in the jewel at the
Ashmolean Museum, attributed to Alfred ; a specimen recently discovered in London,
Archseol. xxix. pi. x. and a few other instances. In these a semi-transparent substance,
which appears to be rather a vitreous paste than a true enamel, fills the spaces in the
field of the design, the outline being formed, not by chiselling the solid metal, but by
means of thin fillets of gold, attached to the surface of the plate, and serving to detach
the variously coloured portions of the design. At a later period the pre-eminent skill
of the enamellers of Limoges caused their work to be highly esteemed in other countries.
It appears that the tomb of Walter de Merton, Bp. Rochester, 1274, was made by
Magister Johannes de Limogia, who came to England for the purpose. See the Exe-
cutors' Accounts, Thorpe's Gust. Roff. 193. At the Reformation this memorial was
destroyed ; but the enamelled effigy in Westminster Abbey, representing Will, de Valence,
•who died 1296, if not the work of John of Limoges, affords an interesting specimen
of the art practised at that place. The prevailing use of ornaments of this nature appears
also from the Constit. of Will, de Bleys, 1229, and Walt, de Cantilupe, 1240, Bishops
of Worcester, prescribing among the sacred ornaments to be provided by the parish-
ioners, " ij. pyxides, una aryentea, vel eburnea, vel de opere Lemovitico, in qud hostice
reserventur." Wilk. Cone. i. 623, 666. Several of these exist : but the most curious
enamelled ornaments of this period, as connected with England, are the small shrines
called cofri Lemovicenses, on which is represented the martyrdom of St. Thomas of Can-
terbury. One of these is in the possession of the Ant. Soc. and another at Hereford
Cathedral. Enamel was likewise made available for the decoration of sepulchral brasses,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
261
INAHELYNGE. Inamelatura.
INBROWDYD (inbrowdred, j. w.)
Intextus.
INBROWDYD clothe (inbrowdred,
p.)1 Frigid, CATH. et c. F.
INCHE. Digitus, pollicium, KYLW.
(pollex, P.)
INGRES. Incrementum, excre-
mentum, CATH. excresc(ens)ia
(augmentum, p.)
INCRESYN', or moryn'. Augeo,
adaugeo, augmento.
INCRESE, or grow or wax more.
Accresco, OATH, excresco.
INDAWNGERYD. Indomigeratus.
INDENTYD. Indentatus.
INDENTYNGE. Indentacio.
INDENTURE. Indentura, ciro-
graphus, UG. in grama.
INDYFFERENT, neyther fulle of be
to partye, neber of tothere (neber
of ]?e to party, ne of ]>e tober, K.)
Indifferens.
INDYTE letteiys, as clerkely speke
(or clerkly spech, s.) Dicto.
INDYTYD, as clerkly speche (in-
dyted or endited of clerkly speche,
p.) Dictatus.
INDYTYD be lawe, for trespace.
Indictatus.
(INDITYN for trespas, K. indyte, p.
Indicto.)
INDYTYNGE of clerkly speche
(as clerkly speche, P.) Dictamen.
INDYTYNGE, or indytement for
trespas. Indictacio.
INDWYN, and yeve warysone. Doto.
INDWYNGE. Dotacio.
(INGYNE, supra in ENGYNE.)
INHERYTE, or receyve in herytage
(inerytyn, or receyuyn to eri-
tage, K.) Heredito.
INFECTYN, or brynge to sekenesse,
as menne take wythe pestylence,
or as leprys done hele menne be
brethe, or other towchynge (as
lepers do]? hole men, s.) Inficio.
INFORMYN, or techyn'. Informo,
instruo ; et alia sunt infra, in
KENNYN.
(INGROTON wythe mete or drynke,
supra in GROTON.)
INIOYNON, or put to, and chargyn.'
to be done (puttyn to a charge
to be downe, s. inioynen, p.)
Injungo, impono.
INYOYNYD (inionyyd, K. inioyned,
p.) Injunctus.
INKE. Encaustum, c. F. vel in-
caustum, CATH. attramentum.
to a much greater extent, probably, than might be supposed from the few examples that
have been preserved. In the XVth cent, the older process of chiselling out the design
was abandoned, and a mode of enamelling, wholly superficial, came into general use ;
it appears to have been first adopted in Italy, but was practised for more than a century,
in the greatest perfection, at Limoges. Chaucer speaks of "fine enamaile " and gold
" amiled." Rom. of Rose. Spenser uses the word " aumaild," and in some documents
the word is written "anelyd." Compare ANELYN, or enelyn metalle, above. Herman
says that " goldsmithes use annuelynge, and gravynge, ut^lntur toreutice ; " and Palsgrave
gives the verb " I ammell, as a goldesmyth dothe his worke. Your broche is very well
amelled, vostre deuise est fort lien exmaillee. I enamell, $." See Wharton's Eng.
Poetry; Ducange, v. Esmaillator, Liniogia, Smaltum, &c.
1 IMBROWDYD, MS. " Frigia dicitur fjuedwii vestis yue alio nomine dicitur acwpicta."
CAXH.
262
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
INKEHORNE. Attramentarium, c.
F. incaustorium.
INMEUABLE. Immobilis.
(INNIOLF, threde to sow wythe
schone or botys, infra in LY-
NYOLF. Indula, licinium.)
INNOCENT. Innocens.
(INOYNTED. Inunctus, p.)
INPOYSYON", or poysnyii (poysyn,
K. s. inpoysen or poysen, p.) In-
toxico.
INPRENTYD (imprentid, or impres-
syd, K.) Impressus.
INPRENTYN (imprentyn, K. s.) In-
primo.
INPRENTYNGE. Inpressio.
(INQVERYD, infra in WEL TETCHYD.
Morosus, bene morigeratus.
INSESUN, or seson, or worldely
goodys(insesyn in werdligodys,K.
or sesun some, &c. P.) Insesino.
INSYGHT (insythe, K.) Inspexio,
circumspeccio.
(INSNARLYD, infra in INTRYKYD.)
INSPYRACYONE. Inspiracio.
INSTORON' (wythe nedefulle thyn-
gys, or astoryn, supra.} In-
stauro.
INSTRUMENT, or toole. Instru-
mentum.
INSURYN, or make suere (svyrte,
K.)1 Assecuro.
INTENCYONE, or mevynge (sic, s.
intent or menynge, K. P.) In-
tencio.
INTERDYTE. Interdictus.
INTERDITE, or interdytement (in-
terdyten, s.) Interdictum.
INTERDYTYN'. Interdico.
INTERLARDE, of fet flesche (inter-
layed of fat flesshe, P.) Abdomen,
KYLW. CATH. C.F. et UG. in llOStlO.
INTERLOGE of a pley.2 Prelu-
dium, interludium, CATH.
INTERPRETOWRE, or expownere.
Interpres.
INTYCYN, or steryii to doon a dede
(or tycyn, &c. s.) Incite, instigo.
INTRAYLE, or yssu of a dede
beeste (intrelise, K. intralyze, H.
intralyce, P.) Intesti(ri)um ; et
alia infra in issu.
INTRYKYD, or insnarlyd. Intri-
catus, illaqueatus.
INTRYKYN', or snarlyn'.3 Intrico,
illaqueo.
1 Chaucer uses the word to ensure in the sense of affirming by word of mouth ; it had
also that of betrothing, or promising in marriage. " I ensure, I trouthe plyght, as man
and a woman togyther, ie fiance. I herde saye they were maryed, or euer I knewe they
were ensured togyther. I insuer by maryage, id. Howe, saye you be they maryed so
sone, I wyste nat that they were insured yet. I insuer, ie promayts, ie assure.'1'' PALSG.
In Henry Vlllth's Primer, 1545, in the lesson at matins, the following verse occurs:
" The aungell Gabriel was sent from God into a cytie of Galile named Nazareth, to a
virgyn which was ensured to a man whose name was Joseph." Luke i. 27.
2 On the subject of interludes much information has been brought together by Mr.
Payne Collier, in his Hist, of Dramatic Poetry. In the XVth cent, they were much in
fashion, and a special clause of exception is made in the Stat. of Apparel, 3 Edw. IV.
1463, in favor of " ministrelles et jouers en lour entreludes." It was only in 1542 that
it was enjoined that no plays or interludes should be acted in the churches. " Interlude,
moralitt.1' PALSG.
3 Chaucer speaks of one " that love most entriketh," (Assemblie of Foules) and the
word is likewise used by Gower, Conf. Am. IV. It is evidently taken from the French
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
263
INTRYKYNGE. Illaqueacio, in-
tricacio.
INVEYNE, or vayne. Vanus, in-
vanus.
INVEYNLY, or wythe owte pro-
fytte (inveyn, or wit owtyn
profy3t, K. profyth, s.) Vane,
invanum, inutiliter.
INVENYMYN. Veneno, CATH.
INVYE, or envye. Invidia, invi-
dencia, c. F.
INVYOUSE. Invidus, c. F.
INVYSYBLE. Invisibilis.
(IOBBYN wythe the by lie, supra
in BYLLYN'.)1
IOGLYN' (iogelyn, K. p.) Pres-
tigior, CATH. UG. et c. F.
IOGULOWRE (iogulour, K. ioge-
lowre, p.)2 Mimus, CATH. et
UG. prestigiator, CATH. et UG.
in magi, et c. F. histrio, CATH.
IOGULYRYE, or iogulment (iogul-
" Intriguer, to intricate, insnare, involve, intangle." COTG. "I entryke, I hynder or lette.
He that is entryked (empesche) with worldly busynesse is nat mete to be a studyent."
PALSG. See Ducange, v. Intricare. Ital. " intricare, to intricate, to intangle, to inwrap,
to garboile." FLORIO. See SNARYN, or snarlyn.
1 To job signifies in the East Anglian dialect to peck with the beak, or with a mattock ;
and is used in the former sense by Lestrange and Tusser, who directs boughs to be stuck
among runcival pease, upon which they may climb (February's husbandry).
" So doing, more tender and greater they wex,
If peacock and turkey leave jobbing their hex."
pecke, job, or bob with a beake. Hocher, to shake, jog, job, nod." " Sitta, a bird
called a nutjobber." GOULDM. Willughby, in his Ornithology, describes the nuthatch,
or nut-jobber, Picus cinereus. Ash gives to job, in the sense of striking suddenly with a
sharp instrument, as the word is used in Shropshire. See Hartshorne's Salopia.
2 In Domesday mention occurs of the joculator and the joculatrix regis, T. i. f. 38, b.
and 162 : Ang.-Sax. geogelere, prestigiator. The juggler and the minstrel are, as
Warton observes, frequently confounded together. Music formed a part of the enter-
tainments provided by both, and it was not, perhaps, until the XlVth cent, that the
two denominations were properly distinguished. The juggler was called also TREGET-
TOWRE, a term which occurs in the Promptorium. His performances were very varied,
comprising sleight of hand, tricks of all kinds, tumbling, and buffoonery. Strutt has
collected much information on this subject in his Sports, B. iii. c. iv. Chaucer, in the
third Book of Fame, seems to distinguish the jugglers from the minstrels and musicians,
and speaks of them as playing with magicians, " tragetours, and Phetonisses, charme-
resses," &c. ; but in the Rom. of the Rose he mentions minstrels and jugglers, as if their
performances were similar. He repeatedly alludes to the wonderful tricks which were
exhibited by' them. " Balatro, a yogelowre. Pantomimus, a iogeloure. Parascitaster,
id." MED. "To iugille, joculari. A iuguler, gesliculator, &c. ubi a harlott. A iugul-
ynge, gesticidacio^jocamen.'"' CATH. ANG. Horman says, " The iugler carieth clenly under
his gublettis, prestigiator scite visum ludificat aim acceptabulis. A iugler with his troget
castis (vaframentis) deceueth mens syght." " logelour, lalellevr. logelyng caste, passe,
passe. I iogyll, ie ioue de pas pas. Mathewe iogyled ye cleanest of any man in our
dayes. I iuggyll, &c. ie iougle." PALSG. In the Northumberland Household Book,
1511, a reward of 6s. Sd. is appointed " to the Kyngs iugler, if he haue wone." See
Essay on ancient Minstrels, Percy's Reliques, i. xcii.
264
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
rye, K.) Prestigium, CATH. et
UG. in magi, pancratium, UG.
et CATH. mimilogium, UG. in
mimus.
IOYE. Gaudium, gloria.
IOYE, and glaclnesse yn chere.
Leticia, jocunditas, exultacio.
IOYE yn herte. Jubilus, jubilacio.
IOY, or pley fat begynnythe
wythe sorow, and endythe wythe
gladnes. (ioye or myrthe bat be-
gynnyt wit sorw, &c. K.)1 Co-
media, CATH.
IOY, or pley bat begynnythe wythe
gladnesse, and endythe wythe
sorow (and grevowsnesse, s.
ioye or myrthe bat be-gynnyt
wit gladnes, &c. K.) Tragedia,
CATH.
IOYN, or make ioy (ioyin, K. s.
ioyen, p.) Gaudeo, jocundor,
letor, exulto.
IOYNYN, or ionyon. Jungo, com-
paginOj pango, conjungo.
IOYNTE. Junctura.
IOYNTE, or knytty(n)ge to-gedur,
what so they be (knyttynge to-
gedur of what thyng so it be,
K. cutting togeder, p. puttynge,
w.) Compago, compages.
IOYNTE, or hole of the knokylle
bone (cleped the whirlebone,
K. P.) Ancha, c. F. et hie di-
citur, whyrlebone.
IOL, or heed (iolle, K. s. p.)2 Ca-
put.
IOLY. Vernus, lascivus, c. F. re-
dimitus, gaudiosus.
IOLYTE. Vernancia, c. F. las-
civia, c. F. gaudiositas.
ION, propyr name (lone, s. lohn,
p.)3 Johannes.
(loNE, proper name, H. P. Jo-
hanna.)
IONYOWRE (ioynour, p.) Com-
paginator, pactor, archarius,
arcularius, BRIT, et UG. in ar-
ceo.
1 See PLEY, hereafter.
2 « Brancus, a gole or a chawle." Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002. Skinner gives
" Jowl, caput,parum deflexo sensu ab A.-S. ceole, fauces, hoc a Lat. gula ; hinc a jowl
of ling nobis appellatur non tantum caput sed etiam (esophagus.'' The term is applied
likewise to the heads of other kinds of fish, as the sturgeon. " Iolle of a fysshe, tested'
PALSG. " A jole of fish, fauces piscium. Joll, as of salmon, &c. caput.1' GOULDM.
Compare CHAVYLBONE, or chawlbone. An extraordinary prescription, the chief ingre-
dient being a fat cat, is given in Sloane MS. 1571, f. 48, b. "for bolnynge vndur be
chole." In the Master of Game mention occurs of the " iawle bone " of a wild boar.
Vesp. B. xn. f. 34, b. " Bucca, mala inferior, &c. the cheeke, iawe, or iowll." Junius,
by Higins.
3 This proper name was anciently used as a term of contempt, especially as applied by
the Reformers to the lower classes of the Romish priesthood. See Todd's note on Spen-
ser, Sheph. Cal. May, 309 ; Dr. Wordsworth's Remarks on the Life of Lord Cobham,
Eccl. Biog. i. 265. John Bradford, writing to his mother, in 1553, on the revival of
Popery, says, " now let the whoremonger ioy, with the dronckard, swearer, couetous,
malicious, and blynd bussard Syr lohn, for ye masse wil not bite them, neither make
them to blushe as preaching woulde." Martyrs' Letters, p. 292, orig. ed. In Reliqu.
Ant. i. l,an instance occurs where the priest is termed Sir John, early in the XVth cent. ?
" Ian, as lean, John, also a cuckold. Ian de blanc, the consecrated bread, tearmed so
by the Calvinists. fan gipon, a gull, sot, ninny, fop, cokes." COTG.
PROMPT011IUM PARVULORUM.
265
IOPPE, or folte.1 Joppus, c. p.
joppa.
IOPPERYE, or foltery. Jopperia.
IOROWRE (or iurowre, infra.) Su-
surro.
IOROWRYE (iorory, P.) Susurrium.
IOWEL, or iuelle. Jocale, clino-
dium, KYLW. (monile, P.)
IOVELERE, or iuelere (ioweller,
K. P.) Jocalarius.
(!OWYN' wythe the bylle, as byrdys,
supra in BYLLYN', et in IOB-
BYN. JKostro.)
IOWNCYNGE, or grete vngentylle
mevynge (iownsynge, or gen til -
mevynge, K. ioyuncynge, s. iont-
iiige, p.)2 Strepitus.
IOWPE, garment.3 Jupa, NECC.
IOWE, or chekebone (iovwe, s.)
Mandibula.
lows of frutys, or herbys, or other
lyke (iowse or iwse, K.) Jus,
succus.
IOWTYS, potage.4 Brassica, KYLW.
vel brissica, KYLW. cum c. F.
jutaj COMM. (brastica, P.)
1 Compare IAVEL. In N. Britain a bigheaded, dull, lazy-looking fellow is called a
Jupsie. See Jamieson. Coles gives " Jobelin, a sot, or fool."
2 To jounce signifies in Norfolk " to bounce, thump, and jolt, as rough riders are wont
to do." FORBY. Shakespeare uses "jauncing" in a similar sense. Richard II., V. 5.
" lancer vn ckeval, to stirre a horse in the stable till he swart with all ; or as our to
jaunt ; (an old word.)" COTG,
3 Neccham, in his Treatise de nominibus utensilium written early in the Xlllth
cent, describing the ordinary dress of the master of the family, when at home, says,
" perhendinaturus (li asuiurner) jupam habeat penulatam (fure) et tunicam (cote)
manubiis (manches) et birris (geruns) munitam et manubiatam," &c. Titus, D. xx.
f. 7, b. When mounted for the journey he was to wear the capa, with sleeves and
hood. The jupa appears to have been a long garment worn by all classes, secular and
religious, and both sexes. See Ducange. It was loosely made, for Chaucer uses the
comparison " riueling as a gipe ;" but the diminutive term jupon seems to imply that
the military garment so called, which fitted the person closely, was a kind of jupa.
Chaucer mentions the gipon as part of the attire of the knight, Cant. T. Prol. v. 75,
and Knight's T. v. 2122. A full account of the jupon, or guippon, will be found in Sir
S. Meyrick's Treatise on Military Garments worn in England, Archseol. xix. 236. In
Ly beaus Disconus the garment is termed a " gypell." In N. Britain a kind of short
cloak for women, as also a wide coat, is termed a jupe.
4 Sir John Maundevile says of the monks of Mount Sinai, that they drink no wine,
" but 3if it be on principalle festes, and thei lyven porely and sympely, with joutes and
with dates." Voiage, p. 71. In the Vision of P. Ploughman, Wrath describes himself
as having been cook in a monastery.
" I was the Prioresse potager,
And maad hem joutes of janglyng." 2787.
Gower speaks of Diogenes gathering " ioutes " in his garden ; in the context they are
called " wortes." Conf, Am. B. vii. Numerous recipes for preparing joutes occur in books
of ancient cookery : in a curious collection in the possession of Sir T. Phillipps is the
following : " Nou grey^e we loute Dore, of moni muchel y-wylned. Ye clene bete,
and sclarie hokke i-boilled and wel i-bakked in an crouhhe clene y-washen. Hakke
ioutes gentil and veire; do to jeoj^en ouer \>e fure grece of pork, hakke saffron, and
peopur," &c. XlVth cent. MS. Heber, 8336. The metrical recipe in the Liber cure
cocorum, Sloane MS. 1986, p. 97, gives a longer list of pot-herbs for compounding
CAMD. SOC. 2 M
266
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
IPOCRYSYE. Ipocrisis.
IPOCRITE. Ipocrita.
IRREPREUARLE. Trreprehensibilis.
IRYNE. Ferrum.
IRKESOUM (irksum, K. p.) Fas-
ticliosus.
IRKESUMNESSE. Fastidium.
IRKYN'. Fastidio, accidior.
ISYL of fyre.1 Favilla, uo. in
scindo (OATH, p.)
ISYLKAKE, or chesekake, or ey-
kake bakyne vndyr askys.2 Fla-
micia, COMM.
ISOPE, herbe. Isopus.
Issu, entre. Ingressus.
Issu (or, K. P.) owt-gate. Exitus,
egressus.
Issu (of) a slayne beeste (flayn, s.)3
Intrale, vel in pliir. intralia,
enteria, exturn, UG. in suo.
IVE (ly, s.) Judeus.
IUCE, idem quod IOWCE, supra.
(luELLE, supra in IOWEL.)
IVEL SPEKARE. MttledicUS, C. F.
maledica.
IEWESSE. Judea.
IUGE, or domysman. Judex.
IUGEMENT, or demynge. Ju-
dicium.
IVY. Edera.
IVYL, or wykkyd. Malus, iniquus.
IVYL, or wykkydnesse. Malum.
iniquitas.
IVYL, or sekenesse. Egritudo, in-
firmitas.
IUNYPYR, tre. Juniperus.
joutes, " cole, borage, persyl, plumtre leues, redde nettel crop, malues grene, rede brere
croppes, auans, violet and prymrol." These were to be ground in a mortar, and boiled
in broth. Compare the directions for " Eowtus of flesshe," and " Jowtus of Almaund
mylke," Forme of Cury, pp. 13, 45. Joutes are given under the head of " Fotage
dyuers," Harl. MS. 279. See also Julius, D. vin. f. 91, 94. Sloane MS. 1571, f. 36, b.
" lowtes, hee lappates." CATH. ANG. See Ducange, v. Jutta. Armoric, Joud, puls.
1 G-. de Bibelesworth, in the chapter on domestic matters, lighting the fire, &c. says,
" Va quere breses en vne teske (a pot schoord.) —
Gardez vos draas de falemecches (from hiseles.)"
Arund. MS. 220, f. 302, b.
The MS. in Public Library at Cambridge, according to Reliqu. Ant. ii. 84, gives the
reading "flaumecches, huyssels." " Est scintilla proprie accensa, favilla vero ex-
tincta, a ysel." MED. "Favilla, i. scintilla, ysyle or sperkell. Versus: Ardet scin-
tilla, non ardens esto favilla. ^ ORTUS. "A iselle, favilla, or a sperke." CATH. ANG.
Ang.-Sax. ysle, favilla. Bp. Kennett has the following note amongst his gloss, coll.
Lansd. MS. 1033: "Isles, embers, hot ashes, Lane. Easles, in Essex. Icelandic, Eysa,
cinis ignitiis." This word is still used in N. Britain : see Jamieson v. Aizle, Eizle, or
Isillis.
2 Eykake is a cake compounded with eggs. Compare EY, ovum. Flamicia signifies
a FLAWNE. See the note on that word.
3 In stat. 12 Ric. II. c. 13, 1338, it is ordered that the fymes, et autres ordures des
issues et entrailles sibien des lestes tuez, come des autres corruptions," cast into the ditches
adjoining to towns, shall be removed, under a penalty of £20. In the English version
the word here is rendered " garbage." Stat. of Realm, ii. 59. In the Office of the
Celleresse of Barking, the " yssues of the larder " are explained to be the hides, inwards,
and tallow of oxen, &c. which were sold, and of which she was charged to render an
account. Cott. MS. Nero, D. vin. Mon. Ang. i. 81. " Les issues d'vne beste, the head
and intrals of a beast." COTG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 267
IVOR, or ivery (iwr, or iwery, H.
yvory, s. iuyr, P.) Ebur.
IURDONE, pyssepotte.1 Jurdanus,
madella, C.P. madula, C.F. urna.
IVRYB, where Ivys dwelle (Iwry,
s.)2 Judea, Judaismus.
IURYSDICTION (or an auctorite, P.)
Jurisdictio.
1 " Madula, lordeyne or pisse-potte." MED. " A lordane, madula, madellum, minsa-
rium." CA.IH. ANG. Walsingham relates the appropi-iate punishment imposed upon a
quack physician, who was compelled to ride through London with his face to the horse's
tail, his neck garnished with dute ollce, quas lordanes vulyo vocamus." A.D. 1382, ed.
Camd. 288. Holinshed, who calls him " a coleprophet," terms them " two iorden pots."
Chron. iii. p. 440. Chaucer speaks of urinals and "jordanes" (Pardonere's Prol.),
'and if not identical, they seem to have been similar in form. See the marginal sketch
in Sloane's MS. 73, f. 138, b. where it is said, in the directions for preparing vermillion,
" take a good thicke Jordan of glas," which, after being well covered with luting, was to
be used as a sort of crucible. It is precisely of the same shape as the glass vessel usually
held by the leech, or water-doctor, in ancient representations. The word is found in the
Vision of P. Ploughman, and is used by Shakespeare. Skinner thinks it is not derived
from the name of the river Jordan, but from Ang -Sax. £or, s-jrdes, and den, recepta-
culum ; an etymology which has been adopted by the author of the Craven Glossary.
The derivation from Armoric, dourden, urinn, has also been suggested. Blount states
that the Jordan was a double urinal, but offers no explanation.
2 The Jewish community being i-egarded as the property of the Sovereign, is termed
in ancient records " Judaismus Regis, Judaismus noster, or communitas Judceomm nos-
trorum;" and the Jews were bound to reside only in royal cities and boroughs. See
" LesEstatutz de la Jeverie" t. Edw. I. Stat. of Realm, i. 221. They were marked by
a badge, and, although it does not appear that they were compelled to dwell in one part
of a city appropriated to them, as is the Ghetto in the cities of Italy, yet they seem to
have congregated in a district, probably on account of the detestation in which they were
held, and it is remarkable that, although more than five centuries have elapsed since they
were totally expelled by Rdw. I. in 1290, the memorial of their settlement in many cities
in England is still preserved in the local name of Jewry. M. Paris speaks of the
Judaismus at Worcester, which was ravaged by Rob. de Ferrars in 1264 ; and Rob. of
Glouc. says of the great outrage at the accession of Richard Cosur de Lion,
" Ther was many a wild hine, that prest was ther to,
And wende in to the Gywerie, and woundede, and to drowe," &c. p. 485.
R. Brunne uses " Juerie" in a like signification. See Chaucer's account of the " Jewerie"
in a Christian city in Asia ; Prior. T. 13,419. Besides the Old Jewry in the metropolis,
there is still the Jewry at Canterbury. Leland speaks of the street at Winchester, leading
from the High Street to the North Gate, " caullyd the Jury, by cause Jues did enhabite
it, and had theyr synagoge there." Itin. iii. f. 71, and says of Warwick, " The suburbe
without the East Gate is called the Smithes streete ; I hard ther thatthe Jues some tyme
dwellyd in it." Itin. iv. f. 165, a. In ancient deeds relating to Warwick " the Jurye"
is mentioned, and the Jury street still exists. At Lynn, where the Promptorium was
compiled, the Jews had formed a numerous settlement at an early period, and there is
still the Jews' street. Blomf. Norf. iv. 578. In low Latin the part of a city reserved for
the Jews was called Judcearia, Juderia, Jutana, or Judcea, in French Juierie, J"ii-'n-,
or Jaterie ; wherein, in some countries, they were compelled exclusively to dwell. See
further of the early settlements of the Jews in England in Dr. Tovey's Anglia Judaica,
and Caley's Observations, Archieol. viii. 389.
268
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
IURNALLE, lytylle boke. Diurnale.
luRNEY.1 Dieta.
IURNEY, of walkynge. Viagium.
IUROWRB (iurrour, K. p.) idem
quod IOROWRE supra.*
(IVRROWRY, H. p. or iorowiye,
siipra. Susurrium, CATH.)
IUSSELLE, or dyschelle, dyshemete
(iuschel, or dishel, s.)3 Jussel-
lum, COMM.
IUSTARE. Hastilusor.
IUSTYN wythe sperys. Lancino,
CATH. hastiludo.
IUSTYNGE. Hastiludus, hastilu-
dium.
IUSTE, potte.4 0(e)noferum, c. F.
(CATH. p. justa, s.)
IUSTYCE. Justiciaries.
IUSTYFYYN', or make rygh(t)efulle
(rythfulle, K.) Justifico.
IUWERE (iver, H. iwere, s. iuwr',
p.) Remedium.
1 Dieta, according to the Catholicon, signifies a day's journey : the term occurs in this
sense in Bracton and Fleta, where it is said that " omnis rationabilis dieta constat ex sex.
miliaribus." Chaucer uses the word in this sense. Knight's T. 2,740 ; Chaucer's Dream,
1945 ; and also in that of a day's work, Rom. of Rose, 579. Journey had also the
signification of a day's conflict, in like manner as the expression " the day " is used at
present. Thus in the Paston Letters it is said of the Battle of St. Alban's, 1455, that
" alle the Lordes that dyed at the jorney arn heryed at Seynt Albanes ; " and the en-
gagement is termed " the male journey " of St. Alban's, meaning, apparently, the disas-
trous battle. Vol. i. 108, 110, See Jamieson, v. Jorneye. In Norfolk, Journey implies
the time a man is at plough, about six hours ; if he works nine, two Journeys are taken.
2 In the Catholicon susurro is rendered murmurator, and susurrium, murnmir, latens
loautio. Both the English and Latin words are here evidently onomatopeias, and in like
manner the sound produced by different birds is termed jurring, or jarring. In the
Liber vocatus Femina, MS. Trin. Coll. Cant., amongst the noises of animals, it is said
that " Cohire ierist, et cole chaunt, coluere iurrut, and cok syngeb." To jurre signifies
also to strike harshly against any thing, in which sense it is us?d by Holland, Pliny,
B. ix. 30; Livy, p. 963. Cotgrave gives " Hocquer, to butte or jurre. Heurter, to
knock, push, jur, joult, or hit violently against." Jamieson gives jurr as signifying the
noise of water falling among loose stones.
3 Jusselle was a compound of eggs and grated bread, with saffron and sage, boiled in
broth. The name seems to have been taken from the ancient dish called Juscellum by
Apicius. See directions for making " Jusshell " in the Forme of Cury, pp. 28, 97 ;
Hurl. MS. 5401, p. 198. The JLiler cure cocorurn supplies, under the head de Potayiis,
the following metrical recipe for " lusselle."
" Take myud bred and eyren bou swynge
To horn to-gedur wyth out lettyng ;
Take fresshe broth of gode befe,
Coloure hyt wyth safron bat is me lefe ;
Boyle hyt softly, and in bo boylyng
Do ber to sage, and persely 3oyng." Sloane MS. 1986, p. 58.
Elyot gives " Minutal, a meate made with chopped herbes, a iussell." See Ducange v.
Jussellum, and Juscellum. " Jossel, an hodge-podge. North," Grose; Craven Dial.
4 ppotte, MS. " Ollia, guidam vas liquidorum^ Anglice a iuste." MED. " Ono-
phorum, a crostell, or a wyne potte. Justa, olio, monachi." ORTUS. According to
Ducange the term justa demesuralis occurs in the signification of a certain measure by
which wine was served to the monks. So likewise in the Consuetudinary of Evesham,
printed by Dugdale from the document in the Augmentation Office, the "justa " is
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
269
KABLE, schyppe rope. Curculia,
CATH. rudenSj c. F. restis, CATH.
KACE, happe. Casus.
KACE, of closynge.1 Capsa.
KACE, or casse for pynnys (or
nedelys, H. p.) Capcella.
KACCHYN' a-wey (kachyn, K.)2
Abigo, CATH.
(KAHCHYNGE, or dryuynge, K. H.
katchynge, p. Minatus.)
KAGE. Catasta.
(KAKE, K. H. p. Colirida, torta.)
KALENDERE. Calendarium.
KALENDYS. Kalende, plur.
KALLYN', or clepyii'. Voco.
KAMPYNA Pedipilo.
KARDE for wulle. Cardus (c. F.
dicit quod cardi sunt pectines
ferrei, P.)
KARDYN'. Carpo, CATH.
KARYYN'. Veho.
Quere plura vocabula in C. literd,
supra, sub hac sillabd CA in
principle dictionis.
KEY of a lok. Clavis. .
KEY, or knyttynge of ij. wallys, or
trees yn an vnstabylle grownde
(key of stathe, K. in one stable
grounde, p.)4 Loramentum,
CATH. et c. F. vel caya, secun-
dum communes cartas.
KEYAGE, or botys stondynge.
Ripatum, UG. in D.
KEKYYN', or priuely waytyn'
(kekyn, K. H. s. p.)5 Intuor,
observo, c. F. (specular, K.)
KELARE, vesselle. Frigidarium.
(KELARE, infra in KYMLYNE.)
named as the measure by which drinks were at certain seasons to be served by the
cellarer. Mon. Angl. i. 149. Roquefort states that the Juste contained about a pint;
but the Juta, which Ducange considers as synonymous, is accounted to hold two quarts.
1 Clothynge, MS. and s. The other MSS. and Pynson's edit, give closynge. Compare
CASE, of closynge.
a KATCHYN, MS. ' See CACHYN' a-way. Compare Teut. Ketsen, sectari, cursare. In
Arund. MS. 42, f. 11, b. it is said that Capillus Veneris " mundefyeb >e lunges, and >e
breste, and caccheb out wykede materes in hem;" and that " margery perles — wastyn,
and fordon, and cacchen out of be body wykede humors;" f. 12, b.
3 See CAMPYN'. In ancient deeds cited in the Hist, of Hengrave, p. 11, mention occurs
of " le camping close," near Fornham St. Genevieve, where Montfort, Earl of Leicester,
was defeated in 1173; and the name has been supposed to have some connection with that
occurrence, but more probably was given to a close appropriated to camping, the favourite
game of the Eastern counties. Sir Thos. Brown gives to kamp in his list of Norfolk words.
Tusser speaks of the game, in December's Husbandry, as beneficial to grass land. In a
publication by M. Stevenson, 1673, entitled " Norfolk drollery," is a poem in reference to
this ancient game, and it is fully described by Forby.
4 Loramentum is explained in the Catholicon to mean boarding or frame-work com-
pacted together, as in the construction of a ceiling. Stathe, which here is found only
in the King's Coll. MS. occurs hereafter, as follows, STATHE, waterys syde. Stacio. It
signifies a landing-place for merchandise, or quay, and several instances are found at
Lynn and Hull. Ducange, v. Caya, rejects Spelman's derivation of this word ; " Kaia,
area in littore, e compactis tabulis trabibusgue, clavium instar,jlrmala. Sax. caes," clavis,
which, however, here appears to be the correct etymology. "Key to knytte walles
toguyder, clef.'''' PALSG.
5 KEBYY.N', MS. Compare WAYTYN, or a-spyyii. Observo. Chaucer uses the verb to
kyke in the sense of gazing with a fixed look. Nicholas is thus described, when, to deceive
the carpenter, he pretended to be distraught, or in amazement :
270 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
KELYN', or wax colde be liyt selfe
(kelyn be ]>e self, K.) Frigeo,
CATH. frigesco.
KELYN, or make colde. Frig ef ado.
KELLE.1 Reticulum, retiaculum,
CATH. et UG. in teneo (reciolum,
, 8' rl)
KEMYN' here. Como, CATH.
KEME wulle, or othere lyke. Pec-
tino.
KEMYNGE of here, or wulle. Pec-
tinacio.
KEMPE eel (sic, K. H. s. P.)2
KEMPE of herynge, or spyrlynge.
KEMPTE. Pectinatus, comptus.
KEMPSTARE. Pectrix.
" This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright,
As he had kyked on the newe mone." Miller's Tale, 3445.
Brockett and Jamieson give to keek or keik, to look with a prying eye, to spy narrowly.
Su. G. kika, intentis oculis videre. Compare Teut. kijeken, Belg. kyken, spectare.
1 " Reticula, a lytell nette or kalle. Reticinellum, a kalle." OUT. " A kelle, reticulum,
reticinellum. A kelle knytter, reticulates.'''' CATH. A^G. The fashion of confining the
hair in an ornamental network, which occasionally was jewelled, seems to have obtained
in England from the time of Hen. III. until that of Elizabeth, and an endless variety of
examples are afforded by illuminated MSS. and monumental effigies. It was termed calle
or kelle, a term directly taken, perhaps, from the French cede, Latin calantica or callus ;
and it had also the appellation " creepen," crespine, still retained in Southern Europe to
denote the picturesque head-dresses of the females, formed with net-work of coloured
silk, and which still present many of the fashions of ancient times. The head-attire of
the lovely lady who led in Sir Galrun to the court of King Arthur is thus described
(Anturs of Arther, ed. Robson, p. 14) :
" Her fax in fyne perre was frettut and fold,
Her counter-felit and hur kelle were colurt ful clene." St. 29.
See Kynge of Tars, 365 ; the Grene Knight, 201 -, Cant. Tales, 6600 ; Troil. iii. 775 ;
Townl. Myst. p. 312, &c. In the minute description of the attire of Elizabeth, Queen of
Hen. VII. as she appeared before her coronation, 1487, it is said that she wore " her faire
yelow hair hanging down pleyne byhynd her bak, with a calle of pipes over it." Lei.
Coll. iv. 220. Hall mentions the " kail " worn by Anne of Cleves at her first interview
with Henry VIII. 1547. " Call for maydens, retz de soye." PALSG. Amongst the occupa-
tions of the ancient ladies of the court of Elizabeth, Harrison mentions "caulworke."
Descr. of Eng. Holinsh. Chron. i. 196. The term caul is applied likewise in other signi-
fications. Amongst the pertine-ncia piscatoruin, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 153, is given " Calle
or pu(r)snett, reticulwm." The omentum of a slaughtered beast is called in Norfolk the
kell. " Kell in a woman's belly, taye." PALSG. The superstition respecting the mem-
brane which sometimes covers the head of a new-born infant, termed the caul, and in the
North the silly-how, noticed by Grose and Brand, has been mentioned in the note on the
word HOWE, p. 250. " Aug. -Sax. cylla, uter." SKINNER.
2 The signification of KEMPE, as applied to fish, is very obscure. Kemp, from Ang.-
Sax. cempa, miles, signifies a knight or champion, and thence implies excellence or supe-
riority, as in strength, or unusual size. See the remarks of Ihre on Su. G. kaempe,
athleta. " A kempe, uli a giande." CATH. ANG. Kempe may therefore here denote an
eel of the largest size, called otherwise a fausen eel, or a spitchcock. In the version of
Junius' Nomenclator, v. Anguilla, Higins observes, " prccgrandis, a fausen ecle, miititi.-a,
a grigge, media, a scaffling dicitur." See Gesn. de Aquat. lib. iv. Palsgrave gives
" Kempe eele," without any French word.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
271
KEENDE, or kynrede (kende, or
kenrede, K. or kynde, P.) Genus,
progenies, prosapia, stirps.
KENDE, or kynde of thyngys J>at
Godd cowrsly hathe insctt (bat
God hathe made, K. cursly, H. fat
God cowrsly insette, s.) Natura,
KENDE, or kynde, or fre (of, K.)
herte, and gentylle (fre or icntyll
of herte, p.) Grains.
KEENDLY, or frely (kyndly, or
frendly, H. p.) Gratanter,
amicabiliter.
KENDLY, after be cowrs of kende
(aftyr kynde, K. kende, or kindly,
or after curtsy of kinde, P.)
Naturaliter.
KENDLYNESSE of a gentyl herte
(kcndnesse, K. p. ) Gratitudo.
KENE, or scharpe. Asper, acutus.
KENEL for howndys. Cantularium,
cubile, canicularium, KYLW.
KENET, hownde.1 Reperarius,
venaticus, caniculus, COMM. (le-
porarius, KYLW. K. s.)
KENNE, or teche.2 Doceo, instruo,
informo.
(KENNYN, or knowyn, K. H. s. p.
Agnosco.)
KENNYNGE, or knowynge (token-
yng, K. kennynggys, or know-
ynggys, s.)3 Cognicio, agnicio.
KENNYNGE, or techynge. In-
structio, informacio, doctrina.
1 Thekenet is mentioned in the " Maystere of the Game; c. xiij. of rennynge houndis.
There ben also rennynge houndes, some lasse and some moor; and \>e lasse byn clepid
kenettis, and \>es houndes rennen wel to al maner game, and j?ei servene for al game; men
clepin hem heirers, and euery hounde )>at haj? J>at corage wil falle to be an heirere of
nature with litel makynge," &c. Vesp. B. xn. f. 65. From this passage it might be
supposed that harriers were originally so termed as being well adapted for close pursuit,
and not from their being specially used in hunting the hare. Roquefort gives " harier;
presser, harceler, pour.mivre." In " Dame Julyans Bernes doctryne," in her Boke of Hun-
tynge, it is said, " Thyse ben the names of houndes. Fyrste there is a Grehoun(de), a
Bastard, a Mengrell, a Mastif, a Lemor, a Spanyol, Raches, Kenettys, Teroures, Butchers
houndes, dunghyll dogges, Tryndeltaylles, and pryckeryd currys ; and smalle ladyes
popees that here awaye the flees, and dyuers smale fawtes." Sign. e. ij. v°. ed. 149b'.
Roquefort gives " chiennet, clienet; en las Lat, chenetus," as signifying a little dog; and
the term occurs in the satirical Anglo Norman poem, descriptive of the lady of the XlVth
cent, and her dogs, who, as it is said, " pius ad cher un kenet Ice nul vache hou tor." Rel.
Antiqu. i. 155.
'« La troverez les Icenez sayllaunz cum, grifiloim,
E les graunz leveres rauwipanz cum lyoun."" Harl. MS. 209, f. 7. b.
In the ancient romances the kenet is mentioned as used in the chace of the deer, and the
wild-boar. See the descriptions of the hunting parties of King Arthur and his knights,
in the Anturs of Arther, st. iv. ; Avowynge of King Arther, st. vi. ed. Robson, pp. 2, 60.
They here appear to have been led in couples, and used with the bounds called raches,
and berselettes, besides greyhounds. It seems, therefore, that they were the smaller dogs,
which served to find the beast of chace, and on that account kenet is here rendered repe-
rarius. Venaticus is rendered in the Ortus "aspanyel." "A kenit, canicuhis.'' CATH.
ANG. See also Syr Gawayn and the Grene Kny3t, line 1701, ed. Madden. Palsgrave
gives " kenet coloure, cemlre."
2 In the Vision of P. Ploughman the verb to kenne repeatedly occurs in this sense. See
also Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, line 1434 ; Towneley Myst. pp. 9, 10.
3 Will. Worcester uses the term kenning to denote a distance at sea, pp. 179, 313;
272 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(KEO, or chowghe, supra in
CAD AW, et infra in KOO,
BRYD. Monedula.}
KEPARE. Gustos, conservator,
conservatrix.
KEPARE of an howse. Edituus,
editua.
KEPARE of an howse, or an howse
holdare. Paterfamilias.
KEPYN'. Custodio, servo, conservo.
KEPYNGE. Custodia, observacio,
observancia.
KER, where treys growyn be a
watnr or a fenn.1 Cardetum.
(KER for aldyr, H. P. Alnetum.)
KERCHE, or kyrchefe.2 Peplum,
terestrum, CATH. flameum, c. F.
flameolum, COMM.
and it appears from Leland that 20 miles was accounted as a kenning, probably, as the
extreme distance within ordinary sight. " Scylley is a kennyng, that is to say, about a
xx. miles from the very Westeste pointe of Cornewaulle." Itin. iii. f. 6. See also f. 13.
In the North, according to Brockett, half a bushel is called a kenning.
1 In the Mayster of Game it is said of the Roe, " They hauntene in strange hattes of
wood, or in stronge hethys, and sometyme in carres, and comonly in hie contrees." Vesp.
B. xii. f. 32, b. John Crane, of Norton Subcors, Norwich, bequeathed to his wife, in
1484, " all the londs, merys, marysses, alderkars," &c. in Norton. Transcripts from
Registers at Norwich, Harl. MS. 10, f. 195, b. Camden, in his Remains, under Sur-
names, explains car as signifying " a low waterie place, where alders do grow, or a poole."
Car signifies in Norfolk, according to Forby, a wood or grove on a moist soil, generally of
alders. Brockett gives carr, flat marshy land, or a small lake. So likewise Leland, in
his description of the N. Riding, says, " there is a praty car or pole in Bishop's Dale."
Itin. v. f. 116. He speaks repeatedly of "low medowes, and morisch ground ful of
carres." Itin. i. f. 40, 66, 74. In Lord North's Household Book, 1512, a warrant is
given for taking swans from the carre of Arrom, in the lordship of Lekinfield, Yorkshire.
See Jamieson v. Carse, and Kerss. Compare ALDYRKYK, in the Promptorium. Su. G.
kaerr, Isl. kaer, palus.
2 The kerchief, derived from the French couvre chief, or crevecke, a covering for the
head, the heafod-cla'S of the Anglo-Saxons, was, until the XVIth cent., almost an indis-
pensable portion of female attire. Illuminated MSS. and monumental effigies present an
endless variety of the fashions of its arrangement. R. Brunne, describing the flight of
the Empress Maud from Oxford across the frozen Thames, 1142, says that she wore only
her smock, but her features were decently veiled. (Langt. Chron. p. 122) :
" Wi>outen kirtelle or kemse, saue kouerchief alle bare vis."
See Coer de Lion, 1031. Chaucer, in the Man of Law's Tale, calls it a "kercher,"
and alludes to the usage that the widow should conceal her face with the " coverchefe,"
as so frequently seen on sepulchral effigies. Wife of Bathe's Prol. 6171. The kerchief
was formed of silk, crape, or any thin tissue, which, when necessary, was rendered stiff
by starch. See STARCHE for kyrcheys. The material termed " plytes " seems to have
been imported from Flanders or Germany. Isabella Belgrafe bequeaths, in 1401,
"iij. peces/am', videlicet ij. de serico, et j. de kryspe;" and in 1402 the wife of a
tanner at York mentions her "flameola de threde ; ij. flameola de cipres, et j. lampas
volet." In the will of Isabella de Wyleby, 1415, she devises "flameolum de krespe;
j. plice de lawud; j. flameolum de Parysse; flameolum de Rey-iis," &c. and to the nursery
women of Raby Castle, where she died, " rotulum de flameolo de coton" Testam.
Ebor. i. 280, 289, 383. The material called plites is named in the Compotus for the
collection of the subsidy on importations to Hull, 1400: "M.iiij0 flammeof voc'
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 273
KERVARE be-forne a lorde.1 Esca-
rius, CATH. cironomon, DIST.
KERVARE, or kuttare. Scissor.
KERVARE, or gravowre. Sculptor.
KERVYN' or cuttoii'. Scindo, CATH.
seco.
KERVYN', or gravyii'. Sculpo.
KERVYNGE, or kuttynge. Scissura.
KERVYNGE, or gravynge. Sculp-
tura.
KETYL, or chetyle, or caudrone.
Cacabus, lebes.
KETYLLE HAT.2 Pelliris, UG. in
pello, galerus, COMM.
plites vaF xxjli." Frost's Hist, of Hull. The statute 3 Edw. IV. c. 5, forbade the sale,
after Mich. 1465, of " ascune lavne, nifels, umple, ou ascun autre manere dez couvrechiefs
dount le price d'un plite passera x s. : " these were of foreign manufacture. " Amiculum,
a bende or a kerchyff." MED. '* Multicium, vestis subtilis, a sylken cote, a kercher, factum
de serico." ORT. In Pynson's Boke to lerne French are given " a kyrcherr, ung keruuer-
chief ; a neckyrchiar, ung collerette ;" and Palsgrave has " courchefe, quemierchief.^
" Kerchiefe worne with a paste or rolle, tcenia. Kerchiefe worne vpon the head, chekes,
or eares,/oc(i/e." HULOET. Compare VOLYPERE, kerche.
1 " Cironomon (a keruere) mensis, lectis assistit aleptes (a surgyone, or a chamber-
leyne.)" Distigius, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 113. The functions of the trencheator, or ecuyer
trenchant, at the table of the sovereign or noble, were regarded as of an honourable
nature, and regulated by prescribed ceremonial. The details thereof may be learned
from the Household Ordinances of the English Court, published by the Ant. Soc. ; the
ceremonial of the inthronization of Abp. Neville, 1466, Leland, Coll. vi.; the order for
the government of a nobleman's house, 1605, Archseol. xiii. 315, and similar documents.
At the coronation of Henry IV. the office of carver was claimed by the Earl of Somerset,
half-brother to the King, in right of his earldom of Lincoln; and on ordinary occasions
the office was discharged by Bannerets, or Knights bachelors, who were called Knights of
chamber, or, in their absence, by the Knights of household. See Liber Niger Edw. IV.
Househ. Ord. 32. The Lords Henry Neville and Clinton were the chief carvers at the
court of Henry VIII. 1526 ; and at all times the office seems to have been held by men
of rank, and was conferred by patent. See the Treatise de scissura ciborum, et servicio
dominorum diversis temporibus, Sloane MS. 1986, t. Hen. VI. especially the chapter de
cultellis domini, in the Treatise de officiariis in curiis dominorum, which has been edited
by Mr. Halliwell for the Percy Society, Boke of Curtasye, p. 28. The minor details of
the craft are given in the Boke of Kerving, W. de Worde, 1508. " Karuer afore a Prince,
Escvier trenchant. I kerue as a lordes karuer dothe at his table, le trenche. I put the
towell aboute a karuer or a seruer's necke, that shall serue a greate man at his table,
le encolle la touaille.'1 PALSG. The proceeding to which allusion is here made was con-
ducted with ceremony, and was termed arming the carver; see Lei. Coll. vi. 7 ; Archaeol.
xiii. 332. At certain times both the carver and sewer performed their services kneeling
on one knee, as represented in the illumination which exhibits the death of Earl Godwin
at the table of Edward the Confessor, Vitell. A. xiii. engraved in Strutt's Regal Anti-
quities, plate 2.
2 Pelliris appears to have been a helm of leather, which was called also a palet, a word
occurring in the Promptorium. By Ugutio it is explained to have been " galea ex corio
vel pelle," to which, in the Ortus, is added, " Anglice, a helme of lether. Galerus, a
coyfe of lether." Ib. Sir W. Langford, in 141], bequeaths to his son a " haberion,"
and a " ketill hatte," which is considered by Sir S. Meyrick to have been identical with
the visored capelline, or steel hat, represented in Grit. Enquiry, ii. pi. 48. It would
appear from the Promptorium that the kettle hat was exclusively formed of leather ; it
is, however, probable that the name was likewise given to the chapel de fer, or capellus
ferreus, used from the time of Edw. II. until the XVIth cent, the form being at all times
CAMD. SOC. 2 N
274
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
KEVLE, or kevyl, for hors.1 Mor-
dale, camus (sic, s. chamus, P.)
KEWTYN', as cattys. Catillo, c. F.
glatio. CATH.
KEWTYNGE of cattys.2 Catillatus,
glaticus (glatatus, P.)
KYBYTE. Cubitus.
KYCHYNE. Coquina, culina, po-
pina (fulina> CATH. P.)
KECHYNE knave. Lixa.
KYCHYNE gotere. Alucium.
KYDE, beest. Edus.
KYD, fagot.3 Fassis (fasciculus, p.)
KYGGE, or ioly (kydge, H. kyde,
p.)4 Jocundus, hillaris, vernosus.
KYLLYD. Interfectus, occisus,
mactatus.
KYLLYN, or slone (slen, K. slayn,
s.) Occido, interflow.
KYLLYN', as bocherys don bestys.
Macto.
KYLLYNGE. Mactacio, interfeccio.
KYLNE (f)or malt dryynge (kyll,
p.) U(s)trinat c. F.
KYMLYNE, or kelare, vesselle (kyn-
lyn, s. p.)5 Cunula.
nearly the same, and from the wide projecting brim bearing much resemblance to a
caldron. It is, however, certain that armour of leather was silvered over to give it the
appearance of metal, and it is highly probable that cuir-bouilli, which supplied defences
of a very serviceable nature, and more commodious than plate armour, was extensively
used. The form of the kettle hat, at the period when the Promptorium was compiled,
may be seen in the drawings in Rous' Life of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick,
Julius, E. iv. Strutt's Horda, vol. ii.
1 The reading of the MS. is here canus, which seems to be corrupt. " Chamus, genus
freni, i. capistrum, et pars freni, moleyne." MED. " Camus, a byt, or snaffle." ELYOT.
The Promptorium gives CHAVY.LBONE, mandibula, which may possibly give a clue to the
derivation of the term kevyl, a bit for a horse. It has not been noticed as retained in any
provincial dialect in England, but Jamieson gives " Kewl, a halter brought under the
jaws of an unmanageable horse, and passed through his mouth."
2 Catillare signifies to mew as a cat; but glatire properly denotes the noise of dogs;
Fr. glatir. See Ducange. Palsgrave gives " Kewtyng, bringyng forthe of yonge cattes,
dkattement."
3 " A kidde, uli fagott." CATH. ANG. " Kydde, a fagotte, falovrde." PALSG. Ray
gives kid, a faggot, among North-country words, it is likewise noticed in the Craven and
Salopian Dialects. Gouldman gives it as synonymous with faggot; and Skinner as a
word in use in Lincolnshire, as it were "fasciculus ligni cced^l^."
4 Kedge, brisk, budge, hale and lively. Suff. Ray and Moore. Kedgie, CaSgie; Jamieson.
Forby gives kick, signifying in Norfolk a novelty or a dash ; and kicky, showy. Both
words are given in a like sense by Jamieson. '• He's in high kick," is a proverb in the
Craven Dialect. Compare Su. G. kaeck, Germ, keck, Isl. kiaekr, audax, animosus.
5 Cumula, MS. In a roll of 2—5 Edw. I. among the miscellaneous records of the
Queen's Remembrancer, a payment occurs " Stephano le loignw, pro j. Kembelina sulius
cisternam Regis, vy'c?." The Latin-Engl. Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives,
under the head " ad toasorium pertinencia, Kymnelle, cuna ; Kunlione, cunella."
" He goth, and geteth him a kneding trough,
And after a tubbe, and a kemelin." Miller's Tale, 3622.
Thos. Harpham of York bequeaths, in 1341, " unum plumbum, unam cunam, quce vocalur
maskef'at, et duas parvas cunas quce vocantur gylefatts, duas kymelyns, et duos parvos
barellos." Testam. Ebor. i. 3. " Kynmell, quevue, quevuette." PALSG. Skinner gives
kemeling, as signifying in Lincolnshire a brewing vessel ; and Ray, among North-country
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
275
KYNLYNET or herthestok (kynny,
erthestock, K. kymlyn, H. p.)
Repofocilium, c. F. et CATH.
KYYNDE, idem quod KEENDE,
supra.
(KYNDLYNESSE, supra in KEND-
LYNESSE, p.)
KYNLYD, as fyyr (kyndelyd as
fycr, K. kynlyn, s. kyndled, p.)
Accensus, succensus.
KYNLED, or kyndelyd in forthe
bryngynge of yonge beestys
(kyndelid in bryngforthe of
bestys, K.) Fetatus, CATH.
KYNDLYN' fyyr (kynlyn, s.) Ac-
cendo, succendo.
KYNDLYN, or brynge forthe yonge
kyndelyngys (kinlyn, K.s.^Feto,
effeto, CATH. pro/undo, UG. in
foveo, utrumque UG. v. in P.
KYNLYNGE, as fyyr, and oj>er lyke
(kyndelyng of fyer, K.) Ac-
censiOj succensio.
KENLYNGE, or forthe bryngyng of
yonge beestys (kindeling, K.
kyndlinge, p.) Fetura, CATH.
KYNLYNGE, yonge beeste (kynde-
lynge, s.) Fetus.
KYNGE. Rex.
KYNGDAME. Regnum.
KYNGYS commawndement. Mun-
diburdium, c. F. (edictum, p.)
KYNGYS fyschare, lytylle byrde.
Isida, c. F. qui earn optime
describit, et vivit parvis pisci-
culis.
KYNGYS pnrs, or burs. Fiscus,
UG. infoveo.
KYNNYSMAN, or woman. Con-
tribulis, consanguineus.
KYNREDE. Generacio, progenies,
prosapia, tribus (stirps, p.")
words, has kimnel, or kemlin, a powdering tub. Compare Kimnal, Salopian Dialect ;
Kimmen, Jamieson. A killer, according to Forby, is a shallow tub, distinct from a cooler,
and so called, as he states, from A.-S. kylle, cadus. Compare KELARE, Frigidarium.
1 Marvellous tales are given by ancient writers regarding the production of gems in
Eastern countries by serpents, which, lying in the sun, have thereby conceived.
" Swich is this addres kyndlyng,
Preciouse stones withouten lesyng." K. Alis. 5680.
The expression " genimina viperarum" Vulg. Luke iii. 7, is in the Wicliffite version ren-
dered " kindelyngis of eddris." In the Mayster of Game, Vesp. B. xii. f. 20, b. and 21,
it is said, "the hares han no sesone of her loue, for in euery monthe of the yere ne shal
not be J?at some ne be with kyndeles, — the hare bereb ij monthes her kyndels, and whanne
)?ei ban kyndeled, )>ei likkene her kyndels as a biche dooth her whelpes." Rous, Hist.
Reg. Angl. ed. Hearne, p. 130, cites the lines attributed to Thomas of Ercildon.
" The hare shall kendyll on the harth-stone,
My dere son, than byld thy hows of lynie and of stone."
In the St. Alban's Book mention is made of "akyndyllof yonge cattes." Palsgrave
gives the verb to " kyndyll as a she hare or cony dothe, whan they bring forthe yonge.
A conny kyndylleth every moneth in the yere, porte des petis." Skinner gives the word
as used in relation to rabbits, and derives it from Ang.-Sax. cennan, parere. See Craven
Gloss, v. Kennle, and Jamieson, Supp. v. Kendle. Compare Belg. kinderen, to be in
child-bearing; Germ, kindlein, proles.
276
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
KYPPYN', idem quod HYNTON,
supra (hentyn, K. heuyn, p.)1
KYPPYNGE, or hyntynge (hent-
ynge, K. p.) Raptus.
KYPTHE of a welle.2 Telo, c. F.
et CATH. ciconia, c. F. (telenet,
K.)
(KYRCHEFE, supra in KERCHE.)
KYRNEL of frute.3 Granum, gra-
nellum.
KYRNEL of a notte. Nucleus,
CATH. UG. in noceo, nuculus,
C. F.
KYRNEL, or knobbe yn a beeste,
or mannys flesche (knoble, s.)4
Granulum, glandula, c. F.
KYRVYN', or grubby n' (supra in
delvyn, K. kyrmyn, s. kyrryn, p.)
Fodito, o. F. et CATH. fodio,
CATH.
KYRSTYONE, or Crystyone, propur
name (Kirstiane, K. Kyrstyan, or
The verb to kippe, signifying to snatch up hastily, occurs frequently in Havelok :
" And Robert kipt ut a knif long,
And smot him thoru the rith arm."
2407.
See also lines 894, 1050 ; and K. Horn, 1208; R. Glouc. p. 125 ; R. Brunne, &c. It
is still in use in the Northern dialect. See Brockett and Jamieson, v. Kep ; and Bp.
Kennett's Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033: "To kep, or cep, J3or. to catch, as, kep the ball."
" To kep, vide to catch." GOULDM. Ang.-Sax. cepan, Teut. keppen, captare.
2 The Catholicon gives the following explanation : " Teloiiem hortulani vacant lignum
quo kauriunt aquam, a longitudine dictum; hoc Hispani ciconiam dicunt, quia imitetiir
avem illam rostrum levantem et deponentem: hujus lignum modo saepe fit super puteos."
Herman says, "the buckette is of fro the swepe or flayle, and failed into the welle ;
urnula ciconie sive teloni excidit." The term seems to be derivable from Ang.-Sax.
cepan. In the North the hooks by which a pot is suspended, a contrivance somewhat
similar to the telo for raising water, are termed kilps, or pot-kelps, according to Ray.
" A kylpe of a caldrone, perpendiculum.'" CATH. ANG. See Brockett and Craven dialect,
•v. Kelps.
3 GT. de Bibelesworth says, speaking of eating an apple,
" La pepigniere (the skore) vous engettez,
Si les pepignes (J>e kurnelles) ne pla'tintes."
Forby states that kernel signifies, in Norfolk, a grain, as "a kernel of wheat, a kernel
of salt." The archaic use of the word, as denoting grain, appears in the Ortus :
" Granum, Anglice corne, a kyrnell. Granellum, graynes, or a lytel kyrnel. Gramino,
to borionne or kyrnell. Grano, i. granis implere, to kyrnell." " A kyrnelle, eHuclea,
granum, nucleus. To kyrnelle, granare, granescere." CATH. ANG. In Coverdale's
version of the treatise by Wermulierus, entitled, The Precious Pearl, 1560, f. 80, it is
said that "when the corn is threshed, the kernell lieth mixed among the chaffe, and
afterward are they disseuered with the fanne or wendle." Plot speaks of corn full of
" kernell." Hist. Oxf. p. 245. Compare CEEDE of corne, as kyrnel. Ang.-Sax. cyrnel,
nucleus.
4 " Glandula, nodus sub cute, a waxynge curnelle." MED. In Roy. MS. 17. C. XVII.
de infirmitatibus, are mentioned " Glai^illi, wax kyrnel." "Waxyng kyrnels ; glande,
glanders. Kyrnell or knobbe in the necke, or other where, glandre,^ PALSG. " Tolles, a
waxynge kernell." ELYOT. The books of the ancient leeches contain numerous remedies;
see Boorde's Breviary of Health, c. 14, 75, 165, "of carnelles in the flesh," &c.; and
Langham's Garden of Health,
PROMPTORITTM PARVTTLORUM. 277
Krystum, 8.) Christina (Chris-
tiana, s. P.)
Tunica, subuncula.
KYS, or kus.2 Osculum, basium.
KYSSED. Osculatus, basiatus.
KYSSYN' (kyssen, or ben kissed,
p.) Osculor.
KYSSYNGE. Osculacio, osculatus.
Catillus, catuncu-
lus.
KYX, or bunne, or drye weed
(bunne of dry wed, H. s. p.)4
Calamus, c. F.
KNAST, or gnaste of a kandel
1 It would be scarcely possible to define the garments, varied according to the fashion
of the day, from the Ang.-Sax. cyrtel, tunica, to the kirtle of crimson velvet provided
amongst the Parliament robes of Edward VI., to which this appellation was successively
applied. It denoted garments worn by both sexes ; R. Brunne speaks of the Empress
Maud as taking flight from Oxford " withouten kirtelle or kemse," p. 122 ; Chaucer
describes the " kirtell of a light waget " as part of the smart attire of Absolon, the parish
clerk; Miller's T. 3322. Walter de Bruge, canon of York, bequeathed in 1396, "/•
ffounam, cumj. curtill, et j. capucio." Test. Ebor. i. 210. The kirtle, as female attire,
seems to have been a close-fitting garment, as appears in the description in Sir Launfal
of the two "gentyll maydenes — ilasced smalle, jolyf, and welle;" and Rob. Henrysoun,
t. Hen. VI. says, in the Garment of good Ladies,
" Her kirtle should be of clean Constance,
Lacit with lesum love."
John Payn relates in his letter to his master, John Paston, that in Cade's rebellion his
wife's dwelling was attacked, and the mob " lefte her no more gode but her kyrtyll and
her smook." Paston Lett. i. 62. As worn by men, the kirtle seems generally to have
been a short garment, and closely girt ; but the " kirtell de rouge tartarin,'' which formed
part of the state robes of the Knights of the Bath, was full and long- skirted. " A kyrtelle,
ubi a cote. A cote, tunica, timicella." CATH. ANG. " Kyrtell, a garment, corpset, surcot,
coielle^ PALSG. " Kyrtell, cottron." Boke to lerne French, Pynson. Duwes, in the In-
troductory for to lerne French, written for the Princess Mary, gives " the kyrtell, le corset;
the kyrtell, la cottelette." See Strutt's Dresses, ii. 238, ed. 1842 ; Douce's Illust. of
Shakespeare, Hen. IV. part ii. ; and Nares.
2 In the Wicliffite version this word is written " cos, cosse," Luke xxii. 48. R. Brunne
uses the verb " cussed ;" see also R. Glouc. p. 15. In the North it is still pronounced
cus, or kuss ; see Craven Dial, and Brockett. A.-Sax. cos, osculum. Compare cus,
p. 111.
3 " Catulus, a whelpe or a kytlynge." OBTUS. " A kythynge (sic), catulus, catu-
laster.'1'' CATH. ANG. In the earlier Wicliffite version, Deut. xxxiii. 22, is thus ren-
dered : " To Dan he seith, Dan, keetlyng of a lyon (catulus leonis, Vulg.) shal flowe
largely fro Basan." Palsgrave gives the verb to " kyttell as a catte dothe, ckatonner.
Gossyppe, whan your catte kytelleth, I praye you let me haue a kytlynge (chatton.)"
" Chatonner, to kittle, or bring forth young cats. Caller, to kittle as a cat. Faire ses
petits, to whelp, kittle, kindle, farrow," &c. COTG. See Holland's Plutarch, p. 179;
Pliny, xxix. c. 4. Forby gives killing, a young cat. See Ash, the Cheshire Glossary,
and Jamieson.
4 This word occurs in the gloss, in the chapter on brewing by G. de Bibelesworth.
"Allumet amy cele le frenole (>e kex.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 300. In the Vision of
P. Ploughman it is said that glowing embers serve not the workmen in a winter's night
so well
278 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(knast of candelle, K.1) Emunc-
tura (secundum Levsay, spi-
mictura, s. emictura, p.)
KNATTE. Culex, COMM.
KNAVE (or ladde, infra.)2 Garcia.
KNAWYN, or gnawyfi', or fowly
" As dooth a kex or a candle,
That caught hath fir and blaseth," 11,804.
In an Herbal, the date of which is perhaps contemporary with the Promptoriums, it is
said that there are two species of hemlock, " tame and wilde. The 2 spice is cowh
ynowh, to mykel, saf fore pore mennys eldynge, and childus pleynge ; J>ey callen it \>e
grete homeloc ; the stalkes stonden whit and ser euery^ere. In some centre it is called
kex, in some contre wodewhistel." Arund. MS. 42, f. 23. Eldynge here signifies fuel ;
see EYLDYNGE, above, p. 136. Allusion is made to the use of the stalks of hemlock
instead of candles, in Turn, of Tottenham, 201. " Eruca, a humlocke, or a keyclogge."
ORTUS. " Keckes of humblockes, tviau. Kickes, the drie stalke of humlockes or
burres, tvyav. Kixe, tviau. ^ PALSG. " Sagaperium, a gumme or rosyn, whiche
runneth out of a kyxe or tree, called ferula."" ELYOT. " Canon de suls, a kex or
hollow stick, or branch of elder, or a pot-gun made thereof. Segue, Hemlocke, hom-
locke, herbe Bennet, Kex." COTG. " Kecks, i. hollow stalks and sticks, cremium.^
GOULDM. Holland, in his version of Pliny, B. xxv. c. 7, says that the stem of gentian
" is hollow as a kex," and void within; and of line or flax, B. xix. c. 1, that " the long
buns of the stalkes — will serve very well to maintaine fire under kills and leads."
Shakespeare speaks of " hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs ; the proverbs, as
dry as a kex, as hollow as a gun or as a kex, are common ; and the word is still used
provincially. See Brockett, Craven, Hallamshire, Salopian, Wiltshire Glossaries, &c.
" Kexes, kaxes, or kixes, a Fr. G. cigue, utrumque a Lat. cicuta." SKINNER. Bunne,
given here as synonymous with kyx, is so given likewise previously, p. 55 ; where
BUNKYYDE, the reading of the MS., appears to be erroneous: the King's Coll. MS. gives
Bunne, kyx, but possibly a kid or faggot of buns may be intended. This word occurs in
the later Wiclifnte version, Isai. i. 31. " And joure strengthe schal be as a deed sparcle
of bonys (either of herdis of flex) ;" in another MS. " bones (ei>er of herdis)," where
three of the MSS. give " stobil," and the earlier Version "sparke of a flax top (favilla
stupce," Vulg.) Ang.-Sax. \>une, fistula.
1 — gnaste, or a kandel. Enamclura, MS. " Emungo, id est sordes auferre de naso
vel candela, to snuffe. Emunctorium, a snuffynge yron." ORTUS. In the earlier Wic-
cliflfite version in the Bodl. MS. by the first hand, Isai. i. 31 is thus rendered : " And
joure strengthe shal ben as a gnast of a flax top {favilla stupce, Vulg.) and joure werk
as a sparcle (scintilla)," where the corrected reading of the ordinary copies, instead of
"gnast," is " deed sparke," in the later version " deed sparcle." " Lickinum, gnaiste
or knast of a candell. Lichinus, gnast of ]>Q candyl." MED. " Lichinus, candell
weyke." ORTUS. In the Winch. MS. this word not only occurs in its proper place, but
is repeated at the end of the letter K after the word KUNY, as follows : " KNASTE, or
gnaste off a candel. Muco. Versus; Est nasi muco, candele sit tibi muco." This was
perhaps a marginal addition, misplaced by the transcriber. Compare Dan. gnist. Swed.
gnista, Icel. gneisti, scintilla.
2 The term knave long retained the simple meaning of the Ang -Sax. cnafa, puer : thus,
in the Wicliffite version, " peperit filium masculum." Vulg. is rendered " sche bere a
knaue child." Apoc. xii. 5. Chaucer says of Griselde,
" She a daughter hath ybore,
All had hire lever han borne a knaue child." Clerk's Tale.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
279
bytyn' (knavyn, or gnavyn, s.)
Corrodo.
KNAVYNGE., or gnavynge (szc, s.
knawynge, K. H. p.) Corrosio.
KNEE.1 Genu.
KNEDARE of paste (or pastare, s.)
Pistor, et plura alia infra in
M. MOOLDARE.
KNEDYN' paste. Pinso, UG.pistrio.
KNEDYNGE. Pistura.
KNELARE. Geniculator, genu-
flector, geniculatrix.
KNELYN.' Geniculor, CATH. ge-
niculo, CATH. genujlecto.
KNELYNGE. Genuflectio, geni-
culatus.
KNYFE. Cultellus, culter (cul-
trwn, P.)
KNYLLYNGE of a belle.2 Tintil-
lacio.
KNYGHTE (knyte, K. knyth, H.
kny5ht, s.) Miles.
KNYGHTE awnterows (knyht
a-ventowrs, s.)3 Tiro, c. F.
et CATH. (BRIT, s.)
KNYGHTE-HOODE. Milicia, ti-
ronia.
KNYTTE. Nodatus, nexus, con-
nexus.
KNYTTYN' a knotte. Nodo, necto,
connecto.
KNYTTYN' yn wylle, or cumnawnte
(knyttyn to-gedyr in wyle or
comnawnt, K. cvnaunt, H. co-
nawnt, s. couenaunt, p.)4 Fe-
dero, confedero.
In Arund. MS. 42, f. 26, it is said of Carduus that it is " on of \>e noblest mete )>at is for
J?e matrice ; wotnmen desyren it, for it disposith hem to haue cnaue children." " A
knafe, hie et hec calcula, garcio." CATH. ANG. " Knaue, quocquin, uillain." PALSG.
1 KENE, MS. kne, K. s. Palsgrave gives the following curious observation, to illus-
trate the use of the verb to kneel : " The men of this countray knele vpon one knee
whan they here masse, but ye frenche men knele vpon bothe."
2 In W. Thorpe's recital of his examination by Abp. Arundel, 1407, he states that
when charged with having preached heresy at St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, he made answer,
" As I stood there in the pulpit, busying me to teach the commandment of God, there
knilled a sacring bell, and therefore mickle people turned away hastily, and with noise
ran fro towards me j" this circumstance called forth the expression which had been con-
strued into heresy. " I knolle a belle, lefrappe du batant." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. cnyllan,
campand signum dare. Bp. Kennett remarks that in Yorkshire a passing bell is called
«' a sawl-knill, from Ang.-Sax. sawl, aninia, and cnyll, campance pulsatio" Lansd. MS.
1033.
3 Tyro is explained in the Catholicon to be novus miles, noviter electus ad militiam;
but implied, perhaps, more properly, the novice in arms, who sought occasions for warlike
exercise at home a,nd abroad, until his approved prowess should entitle him to the honour
of knighthood. See Ducange, the Memoirs of St. Palaye, and other writers on chivalry.
Scarcely any of the ancient Romances afford a more graphic and stirring picture of the
education and adventure of the Tyro than the life of le petit Jehan de Saintre, written
about the period when the Promptorium was compiled. The practice of wandering on
the uncertain quest of adventure was by no means laid aside when the novice had won his
spurs. " Knyght of aduentures, cheiialier errant." PALSG.
4 The verb to knit is used by old writers in the sense of to unite. Thus in Sloane MS.
3548, f. 99, b. is given an extraordinary nostrum " for to knyt synous )>at are brokyne.
Take' greyte wormes J?at are called angeltwycthys, and lat hem dry in J>e sunne,
and t>en beyte hem to powder, and strew J>at powder in J>e wounde, and yt shall
280
I'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
KNYTTYNGE to-gedyr. Nodacio,
connodacio, connexus.
KNYTTYNGE, or ioynyrige, or ra-
betynge to-gedyr of ij. bordys,
or ofer lyke. (Gumfus, C.F. s.
gumphus, P.)
(KNOBBE of a mannys hande, or
in another part of him, K. H.
knoble, s. l^nolle, p.)1 Callus,
c. F. CATH.
KNOBBE yn a beestys backe or
breste, fat ys clepyd a gybbe
(knoble, s. knowe, P.) Gibber,
gibbus, OATH.
KNOBBE, or knotte y(n) a tre.
Vertex, CATH. (cortex, s.)
KNOBBYD, as hondys or other
lymmys. Callosus.
KNOBBYD, or knottyd as trees.
Vertiginosus, verticosus.
KNODON (knedid, K.) Pistus.
KNOKYL of an honde (knokil-
bone, K.) Condilus, c. F. et
CATH.
KNOKYLLE BONE of a legge.
Coxa, c. F.
KNOKKYN' (knollyn, s.) Pulso.
KNOPPE (or knot, K.)2 Nodus,
fibula.
KNOPPE, or bud of a tre (burge
of a tre, H. p.) Gemma, c. F.
(germen, s.)
KNOTTE. Nodus.
KNOTTE yn the fleshe, vndyr the
skynne. Glandula.
KNOTTY. Nodosus.
KNOTTY, wythe-in the flesche.
Glandulosus.
KNOWYN'. Cognosco, agnosco,
nosco, CATH.
KNOWYNGE. Cognicio, agnicio.
KNOWLECHYN,' or ben a-knowe
be constreynynge. Fateor.
KNOWLECHYN', or ben a-knowe
wylfully. Conftteor.
KNOWLECHYNGE, or beynge a-
knowe. Fassio, confessio.
Koo, bryd, or schowghe.3 Mone-
knytte to-geder. Probatum est gepissime." Palsgrave gives the following verbs :
" I knytte a knotte, le noue; Knytte your purse faste, for their be shrewes a brode. I
knyt as a matte maker knytteth, le tys, conjugated in I wayue. I knyt bonettes or hosen,
le lasse. I knyt one vp, I take hym vp, I reproue hym, le reprouche. I knytte vp a
mater, I make an ende or conclusyon of a matter, le determine. I knytte vp a man, I
holde hym shorte, or kepe hym from his libertye, le tiens cowrt."
1 This term is used to denote in general any swelling in the flesh. Chaucer describes
the Sompnour's visage, from which no detergent could remove the evidences of surfeit.
" That him might helpe of his whelks white,
Ne of his knobbes sitting on his chekes." Prol. v. 636.
" Knobbe, or rysing after a stroke, ligne. Kyrnell, or knobbe in the necke, or other
where, glandre." PALSG. Andrewe Boorde, in the Breviarie of Health, 1575, gives a
detailed account of the kinds, cause, and cure of nodi, or '* knottes, knobbes, knorres, or
burres, the which is in man's flesh or fatnesse;" c. 109.
a " A knoppe of a scho, lulla. To knoppe, lullare. A knoppe of a kne, inter-
nod^^lm." CATH. ANGI. The word knop, or knob, in its various significations, seems to
be derived from Ang.-Sax. cnxp,jugum, and denotes any protuberance, as a button, a
bud, or the head of a sore. " Knoppe of a payre of beodes, hovppe. Knoppo of a cuppe,
2JOmeau de covuerleque. Knoppe wede, an herbe.'* PALSG.
3 See the note on the word coo, above, p. 84. Ang.-Sax. ceo, comix. In the Gloss
PROMPTORIDM PARVULORUM.
281
dula, OATH, et c. p. et cetera
in C. (nodula, p.)
KOOAY, priuy. Cloaca.
KOCATRICE. Basiliscus, CATII.
et cetera in C. supra (coca-
drillus, P.)
KOK, bryd. Gallus.
KOKE, mete dytare. Cocus.
KoKENEY,1 Carinutus, coconellus,
vel cucunellus; et hec duo no-
mina sunt ficta, et derisorie
dicta ; delicius.
KoKEREL.2 Gallulus (galluncu-
lus, vel gallinellus, s.)
KOKYS COOM. Cirrus, c. F. galla,
in libro equivocorum.3
KOOTE, garment. Tunica.
KOTE, lytylle howse (or coote,
or cosh, supra.} Tugurrium,
(casa, P.)
KUKOW, bryd (kukowbryd, K.)
Cuculus, cucula.
KUKSTOLE (for flyterys, or schy-
derys.)4 Turbuscetum, cadurca.
on G-. do Bibelesworth, " chouwe " is rendered *' a co brid." " Koo, a byrde.''
PALSG. In the nun's lament for her bird, killed by the cat, all the fowls are enumerated
who are to bo bidden to the funeral :
-" the churlysshe chowgh,
The route, and the kowgh : —
At this placebo,
We may not well forgo
The countrynge of the coe." Skelton, Philip Sparrow.
1 "Delicius, puer in delicti* matris nutritus, a cokenay. Collibista, qui recipit
munuscula, pro usura et servicio aliqua, et qui vendit collibia, et dicitur a cokenay."
MED. MS. CANT. The term seems here to signify a little cook. In the vision of 1'.
Ploughman, line 4371, it had been supposed to have this meaning; hut Mr. Wright,
in his (iJloBsary, suggests that it implies some kind of meagro food, as a small t:ocl<, which,
by comparison with Turnam. of Tottenham, Anc. Poet. ii. 24, and I Icy wood's Prov. pt. i.
c. xi. seems highly probable. " Coquine, a cockney, simperdecockit, nice thing." COTO.
"A cockney, niais, miynot, cailhette. A waspish cockney dame, (juMpine."" SHERW. "A
cockney, or child tenderly brought up: mammothreptus, vinciolus, pedagium, dilii.-m-
pueri,"" &c. OOULDM. Tusser uses the word in this last sense, as given in the Prompto-
rium : speaking of the nursery, and defects of early training, he says, in hia Points of
1 1 uswifery,
" Some cockneys, with cocking, are made very fools,
Fit neither for 'prentice, for plough, nor for schools."
See the note on the word COKNAY, p. 86; and Fuller's Worthies, London.
2 In tlio Household Book of Sir John Howard, in 1466, is the item, "for yonge kokn-
relles to make of capons, ix.rf." " Kockerdll, cochet." PALSG.
8 The treatise here cited is attributed to Joh. do Garlandia, and has been printed.
MSS. of it may be found in Harl. MS. 4967, art. 18 ; Arund. MS. 52, art. 14.
4 See the note on CUKSTOKK, p. 107, where the reading eiikstolle, according to the
other three MSS. is probably more correct. The following observation occurs amongst
Bp. Kennett's Coll. Lansd. MS. lulj.'i; "A goging stool, a ducking stool, or curbing
stool, called in Domesday rn.tli< <l,r«. ft* ,•<•<,! is, properly a gouging stool, gong stool, or gang
stool. Sax. gonj; stole, sella familmris, a close stool." That such wan Komet.i in-
form is proved by tbe ongraving in Boys' Hist, of Sandwich, which exhibits th"
cucking-stool and wooden inortar used there for tbe pmiisbmcnl; of s<'olds; see pn
500, 785. In a satire on the evil government of the times of Edw. II. it is said, in
reference to the corrupt dealings of the assisours, (Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, 345,)
CAMD. HOC. 2o
282
PROMPTORIDM PAEVULORUM.
KUNY, or conye of mone (mony,
K. keny of mony, s. kuwn, or
koync of money, p.) Num-
isma, c. F. et CATH.
(Kus, supra in KYS.)
Nota quod multa vocalula vi-
dentur hie esse ponenda sub
literd K. in principio, ut que
incipinnt in KA. Ko. et Ku.
que causa brevitatis emisi ;
sed querenda sunt in C. literd,
ubi A. o. v. sequuntur C. im-
mediate.
LABBE, or he that can kepe no
counsel (that can not kepyn non
consel, K.)1 Anubicus, anubica,
CATH. futilis, CATH. et UG. in
fundo.
LABELLED Labellum.
" The pilory and the cucking-stol beth i-mad for noht."
It seems also to have been called thewe, as in the Plac. in I tin. apud Ceslriam, 14
Hen. VII. cited by Blount, it is recorded that George Grey, Earl of Kent, claimed in
his manors of Bushton and Ayton, to punish offenders against the assize of bread and
ale, "per tres vices per amerciamenta, et quarta vice pistores per pilloriam, bracia-
tores per tumbrellum, et rixatrices per thewe, hoc est ponere eas super scabellum
vocatum a cucking stool." In cases where fine was substituted for the cucking-stool,
as a punishment, the lord became liable to the forfeiture of his manorial liberties, as in
the case of the Dean of Lincoln, in 1384, who fined transgressors of the assize of bread
and ale, in certain of his manors in Derbyshire, whereas " puniendi surd per pillorium
et tnmbrellum, et non per amerciamenta ;'' for that offence, and the deficiency of pil-
lory and tumbrel, his liberties were seized, and forfeited into the King's hands. Pat. 8
Ric. II. The tumbrel seems to be occasionally mentioned as distinct from the stool,
and sometimes as the same mode of punishment, and from the examination of the stool
and its carriage still preserved at Warwick, it is obvious that the two might be used
either singly or together, according to local usage, and the nature of the offence. An
extent of the manor of Marham, in Norfolk, taken about the commencement of the
XVth cent, states that W. Beleth, who held the chief manor, claimed " habere liber-
tatem in furch', tumbrell', thewe, emendacionem forisfacture pistorum, brasiatorum,
mensur', galone, weyf, et stray ;" and that the Abbess of Marham enjoyed the like
liberties. Orig. Roll, in the possession of Sir Thomas Hare, Bart. In the XVIth cent.
the punishment of the cucking stool was still fully in use : by the statute 3 Hen. VIII.
c. 6, as the penalty of fraudulent practices by carders or spinners of wool, the offender
was to be " sett upon the pillorie or the cukkyngstole, man or woman, as the case shall
require." Stat. of Realm, iii. 28. In Mr. Beesley's Hist, of Banbury will be found several
notices regarding the pillory, " kockestoll," and tumbrell, in use at that place as late as
the reign of Elizabeth. Harrison, who wrote his description of England about 1579, says
in the chapter of sundry kinds of punishments, " scolds are ducked vpon cucking stooles
in the water." " Cucke stole, selle a ribauldes." PALSG.
1 LABLE, MS. labbe, H. s. P. Compare BLABBE, or labbe, wreyare of cownselle; BE-
WRAYER of counsel, and DYSCURER of cownselle. This word is used by Chaucer :
" Quod tho this sely man, I am no labbe,
Ne, though I say it, I n'am not lefe to gabbe." Miller's T. 3506.
Compare the Dutch labben, Belg. lapperen, to blab, or gossip. Labb, Dialect of Exmoor.
2 It is not obvious in what sense this word is here to be taken : the OrtiMk follows
the explanation given in the Catholicon, " labellum, i. parvum labrum, a lytelle lyppe."
It appears from citations given by Ducange that labellus, lambellus, or kMellus, denoted
a pendant ornament of dress, or the heraldic label, in which sense it occurs in the grant
of a crest, 1324, Rym. vii. 763. See the observations of Upton on the differences of
PROMPTORIUM PAKVULOUUM.
283
LABOWRE. Labor (vel labos, s.)
LABOWRERE. Laboratory labo-
ratrix.
LABORYN'. Laboro.
LACE. Fibula, laquemn, Dice.
(laquear, K.)
LACE of an howserofe.1 Laque-
area, COMM.
LACYD. Laqueatus,fibulatus, c. F.
LACYN, or spere wythe a lace.
Fibulo.
LACYNGE. Laqueacio,fibulacio.
LADDE, or knave. Garcia.
LADDE, thwonge (thounge, K.
thang, s.) Ligula.
LADDYD. Ligulatus.
LADY. Domina, Hera.
LADYLLE, pot spone. Concns,
Dice, coclear, NECO.
LADYN', wythe byrdenys. Onus-
tus, oneratus.
LADYN', or chargyn' wythe bur-
denys. Onero, sarcino, UG. in
sarcos.
LADYN', or lay water (say water,
s. lauyn water, p.)2 Vatilo.
LAGGYD, or bedrabelyd (or be-
laggyd, supra.} Labefactus,
paludosus, CATH.
LAGGYN', or drablyn'.3 Palustro
(labefacio, P.)
LATCHE, or snekke (lahche, K.
lach, s.)4 Clitorium, vel pes-
ij NECC. (pessulum, KYLW. s.)
arms termed by him Imgulce, or lobelia; Mil. Off. iv. p. 255. Fortescue describes
the habit of the Serjeant-at-law as consisting of " rdba long a t ad instar sacerdotis, cum,
capitio penulato circa humeros ejus ; et desuper collobio, cum duoibus labellulis, qua let
idi solent doctores legum in Universitatibus gv&nud&m," Laud. Legum Angl. V. 51.
This hood with labels, as it is called by Dugdale, appears in illuminations copied from
Roy. MS. 19 C. IV. and Harl. MS. 4379, in Strutt's Dresses, ii. pi. 80, 112 ; and in
the latter, the hood being brought up over the head, the use of the labels, which are
attached together under the chin, is apparent. There was also a furred hood with long
labels, worn by ecclesiastics, representations of which are supplied by the Missal of
Philippe le Bon, Harl. MS. 2897, the figure of William de Rothwell, Archdeacon of
Essex, who died 1361, given by Messrs. Waller, in their beautiful series of Sepulchral
Brasses, and other examples. Horman says, in the chapter " De fortund iratd,"
of misfortunes and perils, f. 129, "I wyll recompense the with a labell, reponam
appetidice quAdcm;" and Palsgrave gives "labell, liovppe." " ffouppe, a tuft, or
topping; a tassell or pretty lock. fMmbeau, a labell." COTG. " A labell hanging on
each side of a miter, infula. Labelles hanging down on garlands, or crownes, lemtdscl.'1''
HULOET.
1 In the Ortus laqueai\ laqueare, and laqueariitm are explained as signifying " Con-
junctio trabium in summitate domus, a seelynge of a howse."
2 " I laade water with a scoup, or any other thyng out of a dytche or pytte, le puyse
de Veaue. I lade, I take in water, as a shyp or bote that is nat staunched, le boy de
Vetiue." PALSG. This verb is used by Shakespeare, Hen. VI. pt. 3, Act ii. In Sussex
and Hants, to lade means to take water from a vessel or pond by a scoop or pail, and in
Somersetshire the utensil employed for this purpose is termed a lade-pail. Ang.-Sax.
hladan, haurire.
3 Compare BE-LAGGYD. Ang.-Sax. lagu, aqua. Horman says, " there is rysen a fray
amonge the water -laggers, ampkorariot." In the Northumberland Household Book,
3511, it appears that the " laggs" of wine, when the cask ran low, were to be made into
vinegar. See Jamieson, v, Laggerit.
4 Compare CLYKETT, d-itoriiwi; and SNEKKE. " Lache, or snecke of a dore, twqtwt.
284 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LATCHESSE, or tarryynge lahches,
or teryinge, K. lahchesse, s.
latche, p.)1 Moray tarditas.
LACHET of a sclioo. Tenea, uo.
v. in T.
LATCHYD, or speryd wythe a leche
(sic, lahche, K. s. sperd with a
laspe or latch, H.) Pessulatus.
LATCHYD, or fangyd, or hynt,
or caw3t (lahchid, or takyn, K.
fangyd with handes, or other
lyke, P.) ArreptnSj c. F.
LATCHYN', idem quod FANGYN,
supra in F.2
LATCHYN, or snekkyn. Pessulo.
LATCHYNGE, or sperynge wythe a
lacche. Clitura, pessulatus.
LAY HARPED Sambuca, KYLW.
(cither a, symphonia, melos, s.)
LAYKYN', or thynge fat chyldryn'
Latche of a dore, dicquette, locquet. Sneke latche, locquet, clicquetie. I latche a doore, I
sbytte it by the latche, le ferine a la clicquette.'" PALSG.
I In the Vision of P. Ploughman this word signifies negligence, Fr. lachesse.
11 The lord, of bus lacchese, and bus luther sleuthe,
By nom hym al that he hadde."
See also line 4973. Chaucer says in the Persone's Tale, " Then cometh lachesse, that is,
he that whan he beginneth any good werk, anon he wol forlete and stint it ;" and uses the
adjective " lache," sluggish or dull; Boec. B. iv. Gower observes that the first and chief
point of sloth is " lachesse," which has this property, to leave all things in arrear. Conf.
Am. B. IV. See Jamieson, v. Lasche. Palsgrave gives the verb " I latche, I lagge, I
tary behynde my company, le tarde, and le targe."
II To latch, signifying to seize or catch, is a verb the use of which occurs in R. Brunne,
p. 120 ; the Vision of P. Ploughman, 1279 : Crede, 934 ; Cov. Myst. p. 29, &c. Chaucer
speaks of a " nette or latch," set by Love to snare birds. In Will, and the Werwolf it is
used in the sense of embracing :
" Certes Sire |>at is so>, sede Will'm >anne,
And lepes Ii3tli him to, and lacches him in armes." p. 163.
See also p. 25. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 17, b, it is related how the wood of aloes is ob-
tained, which grows on the mountain tops, near a lake beyond Babylon, and falling into
the water, either from age and decay, or blown by the wind, the " folk J>at dwellen in J>at
countre, or nere, casten nettys, or oj>er sley3tes, and laccyn it, and so it is bad." Pals-
grave gives the verb " I latche, I catche a thyng that is throwen to me in my handes or
it fall to the grounde, le luippe. If I had latched the potte betyme, it had nat fallen to the
grounde." Forby gives to latch as used in Norfolk in this sense ; and Brockett states
that it is still retained in the Northern dialect. Ang.-Sax. la;ccan, prehendere.
3 Cithara ia rendered, in the Medulla, " a harpe," in the Ortus " a lewte ;" and in the
latter occurs " citfutriso, to synge with a harpe." LAY HARPE seems here to denote the
instrument in its use as an accompaniment to the voice. Thus Chaucer says,
" Thise old gentil Britons in hir dayes
Of diuers auentures maden layes,
Rimeyed in hire firste Breton tonge
Which layes with her instrumentys they songe." Cant. T. 11,022.
See Tyrwhitt's observations on the derivation of the word lay. Ang.-Sax. ley, canticum.
As, however, samluca, is defined by Papias, and other glossarists, to have the sense of
" cithara ruslica," lay harp may, possibly, imply the instrument used by the vulgar. The
culled tyslpko&ia, according to Uguuio, %s«is a tamburine.
PROMPTORIUM PAHVULOKUM. 285
pley wythe.1 Ludibile, uo. lu-
dibulum, adluricum, UG. in adri
vel adros.
LAY, londe not telyd.2 Subce-
tinum, c. F. {subsennum, KYLW.
s.)
LAY, man or woman, no clerke.
Illiteratus, laicus, agramati
c. F.
LAK, or defawte. Defectus, defeccio.
LAKE, or stondynge watur. Lacus,
c. F. et CATH.
LAKKYN', or blamyn' (dyspresyn,
s.)3 Vitupero, culpo.
1 Laking, signifying a child's toy, is a word still used in the North, as Brockett
observes. In the Towneley Mysteries, Mak tells the shepherds that his wife brings him
every year "a lakan," and some years twins. The verb to layke, Ang.-Sax. lacan,
ludere, and the substantive layke, disport, occur frequently in the old writers. See Sir P.
Madden's Glossaries to William and the Werwolf, and Gawayn ; Seuyn Sages, 3310;
Minot, p. 10 ; Vision of P. Ploughm. line 341 ; Towneley Myst. pp. 96, 102, 141. The
local use of the verb is noticed in the Cheshire and Craven Glossaries, as likewise by
Brockett. Skinner remarks that it is commonly heard throughout the North, a circum-
stance which he is disposed to attribute to the Danish occupation. Dan. leeger, ludo.
Bp. Kennett gives " Leikin, a sweet-heart, Northumb. ab Ang.-Sax. lician, placere."
Lansd. MS. 1033.
2 The Gloss on G. de Bibelesworth gives " terre freche, leylond ;" in the MS. in Sir
Thos. Phillipps's collection, " leyje." " Rus, a leylonde. Ruricola, a tyleare of leylonde."
MED. MS. CANT. " Selio, a lee lande." ORTUS. " Novale, falowe. Sellio, Anglice leye."
HARL. MS. 1002, f. 148. "A leylande, selio, frisca terra. Ley, iscalidus, isqualidus"
CATH. ANO. " Iscolidus, a felde untylde." MED. " Lay lande, terre novuellement labovrfa"
PALSG. " Rudetumt lande which hath leyen leye, and is newly put in tylthe." ELYOT.
In the poem entitled the Hunttyng of the Hare, it is related how the hare escaped, " and
feyr toke up a falow ley," no more to be seen by her pursuers. Ed. Weber, 152. Lay-
land, according to Bailey, is fallow or unploughed land, and there are many places which
have thence derived the name. Ang.-Sax. ley, terra irtculta, novale. Forby observes
that in central Suffolk a coarse old pasture is called a lay. Compare SOMYR laylond.
.Novale.
3 Compare DYSPREYSYN', or lackyu'. " Vitnpewim, blame or lacke." ORT. To lakk,
depravare, &c. uli to blame." CATH. ANG. In the Vision of P. Ploughman, Envy says
that when his neighbour met with a customer, whilst he sold nothing, he was ever ready
" To lye and to loure on my neghebore,
And to lakke his chaffare." 2736.
Chaucer uses the word precisely in the same sense, in Romance of the Rose. Fabyan, in
" Lenuoy " of his viith part, excuses himself as unable to adapt his Chronicle to the liking
of every reader,
" And specyally to suche as haue theyr delyghtynge
Euer wyth dysclaunder moste wryters to lacke,
And barke whyle they maye, to sette good wryters a backe."
" I lacke a thynge, I fyiide faute at it, le trouue a redire. I lacke, I wante a thynge, Pay
faulte. I lacke a penne." PALSG. Compare Dutch laecken, minuere, deterere. Lydgate
uses the substantive lack in the sense of dispraise. See his poem to put in remembrance
of virtue and vice, of the diligent and the indolent. (Minor Poems, p. 84.)
" Of whiche the reporte of both is thus reserved ,
\Vith lawde, or lack, liche as they haue deserved."
286
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LAM, or loom, yonge scheep.
Agnus.
LAME.A Claudus.
LAMYN, or make lame. Acclau-
dico (claudico, K.)
LAMMESSE.2 Festum agnorum,
vel Festum ad vincula Sancti
Petri.
LANE. Lanella, viculus (venella,
K. 8.)
LANERE.S Ligula, UG. in ligo.
LANGAGE, or langwage. Idioma,
lingua.
LANGDEBEFE, herbe. Buglossa,
CATH. lingua bovis.
LANGELYD, or teyyn' to-gedyr.
Colligatus.
LANGELYN, or byynd to-geder.4
Colligo (compedio, P.)
LANGURYN' yn sekenesse (lan-
geryn, K.)5 Langueo.
LANRET, hauke. Tardarius, KYLW.
1 Lame was formerly used in a more general sense than at present. In the Golden
Legend it is related that a poor man came to St. Loye, " that hadde his honde styffe, and
lame." " Lame of one hande, manchet. Lame of all ones lymmes, perclus. Lamenesse,
mekaygnett." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. lam, claudus.
2 On the calends, or first of August, the festival of St. Peter ad vincula, it was cus-
tomary in Anglo-Saxon times to make a votive offering of the first-fruits of the harvest,
and thence the feast was termed hlaf-msesse, Lammas, from hlaf, panis, and msesse,
missa, festum. In the Sarum Manual it is called Benedictio novorum fructuum.
tl Lammas, a feest, la Sainct Pierre aux liens." PALSG. See Brand's Popular Anti-
quities.
3 Compare THOWNGE, or lanere. " Ligula, a laynere, et fascia. Corrigia, a thong
of lethur, or a layner." MED. "Ligula, a leynerde." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. "A
Ian3er, ligula, ligar. To Ian3ere, ligulare." CATH. AN G. " Lanyer of lether, lasniere,"
PALSG. " Laniere, a long and narrow band, or thong of leather." COTG. Magister
Joh. de Garlandia, speaking in his' Dictionary of the trades of Paris in the Xlllth
century, says that the Merchants who dwelt on the great bridge sold " capistra, et lorn-
baria, vel lomlanaria, ligulas et marsupia de corio porcino vel cervino ; " where the
gloss is as follows: " ligidce, lani&res, vel formechaz.'''1 In the accounts of Lucas le
Borgne, tailor of Philippe de Valois, printed by Leber, is the item, in 1338, " ij. limes'
de soie de plusieiirs couleurs, pour faire lanicres pour le Roy." Charles VI. in 1398,
in consequence of the change in the fashion of nether garments, granted licence to the
chausettiers of Paris to sell " chausses garnies d^aiguilettes ou lanieres.'1 Leber, Invent.
467. Laniers, usually called points, from the tags with which they were tipped, were
much used in ordinary dress, and for attaching the various portions of armour : when so
employed they were termed arming points. Archseol. xvii. 296. In Chaucer's brilliant
picture of the preparations for a tournament, the following duties appear to have pertained
to the esquires :
" Nailing the speares, and helmes bokeling,
Gigging of shields, with laniers lacing." Knight's Tale.
In Norfolk the lash of a whip is called the lanner, or lanyer, which in Suffolk denotes
only the leather lash. See Forby, and Moore, v. Lanna.
4 In the North to langel signifies to hopple, or fasten the legs with a thong. " Lanyels,
side-lanyels, hopples for horses. Yorksh. Dial, p. 44." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033.
See Grose, Craven dialect, and Jamieson. To langle, in Norfolk, implies to saunter
slowly, as if it were difficult to advance one foot before the other.
5 Sesekenesse, MS. K. Brunne says that Adelard, King of Wesscx, abdicated in favour
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 287
LANTERNE. Lanterna, vel la-
ter na, lucerna.
LAPPE, skyrte (lappe, barme, K.)1
Gremium (birrus, c. F. s.)
(LAPPE of the ere, infra in TYPPE.
Pinnula, c. F.)
LAPPYN', or whappyn' yn clo]>ys
(happyn to-gedyr, s. wrap to-
geder in clothes, p.)2 Involvo.
LAPPYN', as howndys. Lamlo.
LAPPYNGE of howndys. Lamlitus.
(LAPPYNGE, infra in WAPPYNGE.)
of Uttred his cousin, " and died in langoure." p. 6. Chaucer speaks of Damian as one
that " langureth for loue." Merchant's Tale, 9741. Fr. langourir, ROQUEF.
1 The word lap, according to many ancient writers, signified the skirt of a garment.
Thus G. de Bibelesworth says,
" Car par devant avez eskours (lappes,)
Et d'en coste sont vos yirouns (sidgoren.)"
It denoted likewise the hinder skirt, as in Seuyn Sages, 899, where the herdsman is de-
scribed as picking haws, and filling with them first his " barm," and afterwards " his
other lappe." In Emare also, v. 652, Egarye, being cruelly exposed with her child, con-
ceals her face " with the hynther lappes " of her large and wide surcote. See moreover
Amis and Amiloun, 988 ; Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 8461. In the Life of St. Dominic, in
the Golden Legend, it is related that on a certain occasion, when the friars had little
bread, there came two young men, " whiche entred into the refectorye or fray tour, and
the lappes of theyr mantells y4 henge on theyr necke were full of breed," which they
gave to the Saint. " Lappe, or skyrt, gyron." PALSG. " Gabinus, a garment with two
lappes, wherof the one cast backward," &c. ELYOT. Ang.-Sax. lappa, fimbria. The
word is also used, by analogy, to denote the lower part of the ear : "A lappe of ye ere,
cartilagia, Uyia" CATH. ANG. Herman says that " yf the lappe of the eare wax redde,
there is somewhat amysse. Labo rulescente aliquod peccaium est."
2 " Plico, to folde, or lappe. Volvo, to turne or lappe." MED. " Obvolvo, to lappe
about. Involutus, i, circumdatus, lapped or wrapped. Involutio, a lappynge in. Epiphio,
i. equum totaliter ornare, lappynge of a horse." ORTUS. " To lappe, volvere, convolvere.
To lapp in, intricare, involvere. A lappynge in," &c. CATH. ANG. This verb is used
most commonly in the sense of wrapping, as a garment. See Cheuelere Assigne, p. 101 ;
Wicl. version, Math, xxvii. 59 ; Gower, Conf. Am. ; Cov. Myst. p. 125. In the Wicliffite
version it is written repeatedly " wlappe," as in Isaiah xxxvii. 1, " Whanne Kyng Ezechie
hadde herd, he to rent hise clo]?is, and he was wlappid in a sak (obvolutus est sacco,"
Vulg.) See also Job, iii. 5 ; Mark, xv. 46. John Paston writes to his wife, about 1490,
for a plaster of her "flos unguentorum" to be applied to the knee of the Attorney-general,
to whom he was under obligation : and bids her write " whethyr he must lape eny more
clothys aboute the playster to kepe it warme, or nought." Paston Letters, v. 346. To
bi-lappe signifies to surround, or close in. Sir Amiloun in a dream saw his brother
Amis "bilappid among his fon." Amis and Amiloun, 1014. Hampole uses the com-
pounded word " umbilape " (Ang.-Sax. umbe, ymb, circum), as in the Prick of Conscience,
where he says amongst the pains of hell, that the " vermyne salle vmbelape )>aim all
abowte." Harl. MS. 6923, f. 94. Latimer, in his Vth sermon on the Lord's Prayer, says,
" Note here that our Saviour biddeth us to say, us ; this us lappeth in all other men
with my prayer." Palsgrave gives the following phrases : " Lappe this chylde well, for
the weather is colde, enuelopez lien, &c. Lappe this hoode aboute your head, affMez
vous de ce chaperon.'"1 " Plisser, to plait, fould, lap up, or one within another, whence
also to plash." COTG. To lap is still used in the sense of wrapping, in Warwickshire.
Compare WAPPON, or hyllyn wythe clothys : Tego ; and WAPPYN, or wyndyn a-bowte yn
clothys : Involvo.
288
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LAPWYNKE, or wype, byrde (lappe-
wynge, K. lapwhyng, s.) Upipa.
LARDE of flesche. Larda, vel
lardum, c. F.
LAARDERE. Lardarium.
LAARDYD. Lardatus.
LARDYN flesche, or other lyke.
Lardo.
LAARDYNGE. Lardacio.
LARGE, hey, longe, and semely.
' Procerus, CATH.
LARGE. Largus, amplus.
LARGYN, or make large. Amplio,
amplifico.
LARGELY. Largiter.
LARGENESSE. Largitas.
LARKE, byrde. Alauda.
LASCHE, stroke. Ligula (fla-
grum, p.)
LASCHE, or to fresche, and vn-
savery (laysch, H.)1 Vapidus,
CATH. insipidus.
LASSCHYN' (lashyn, supra in be-
tyn, L.) Ligulo, verbero.
LASCHYNGE, or betynge. Verier
(verberacio, p.)
LASTE of alle. Ultimus, novissi-
mus, postremus, extremus.
LASTE save one. Penultimus.
LATE, not redyly. Tarde.
LATE, tyme passyd. Nuper.
LATE frute. Sirotinus.
(LATEN, or laton, metall, P. Au-
ricalcum, electrum.}
LATENERE, or latennare (latonere,
s.) Erarius, CATH. auricalca-
rius.
(LATHE, supra in BERNE.)2
LATHE, for howsys (latthe, K. p.
laththe for howsynge, s.) Tig-
nusj vel tignum, COMM. c. F.
latha, KYLW. et NECC. tigillum,
c. F. et NECC.
LATTHYN'.S Latho, KYLW.
LAATYN', wenyn', or demyn'.4
Puto, reor, opinor (reputo, p.)
LAATYN to ferme (or fenny n, p.)
Loco, c. F.
1 Lash, or lashy, signifies in Norfolk soft and watery, as applied to fruits. Forby
derives the word from Fr. lache. A lash egg is an egg without a fully-formed shell.
Palsgrave gives only " lashe, nat fast, lache. Lasshnesse, laschete." In the North cold
and moist weather, when it does not actually rain, is called lasche. Brockett.
2 « fforreum est locus ubi reponitur annona, a barne, a lathe. Grangia, lathe or
grange." ORTUS. " Orreum, granarium, lathe." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "A
lathe, apotheca, horreum." CATH. ANG. This word is used by Chaucer, Reve's Tale, 4086.
Harrison, speaking of the partition of England into shires and lathes, says, " Some as
it were roming or rouing at the name Lath, do saie that it is derived of a barn, which
is called in Old English a lath, as they coniecture. From which speech in like sort
some deriue the word Laistow, as if it should be trulie written Lathstow, a place
wherein to laie vp or laie on things." Description of England, Holinshed's Chronicle,
i. 153. Skinner gives Lath as most commonly used in Lincolnshire, and derives it from
to lade, because it is loaded with the fruits of the earth. Bishop Kennett notices it
also as a Lincolnshire word, and gives the derivation Ang.-Sax. gela'Sian. congregare
f ruffes. Lansd. MS. 1033. It is retained in the dialect of the North. See Hallamshire
Glossary.
3 Latchyn, MS. This verb occurs after LATE blod; and is not found in the other MSS.
4 The verb to lete of, signifying to take account of or esteem, is used by R. Brunne,
in the phrases, " J>er of wel he lete — >ei lete of him so lite." Langt. Chronicle,
45. In the Vision of P. Ploughman to lete occurs repeatedly in the same sense, as in
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
289
LAATYN',huly (latyn haly, K. n.
s. p. or asemys, H.p.)1 Indignor,
dedignor.
LATYN', or levyn (leuyn orletyn,p.)
Dimitto, relinquoj derelinquo.
(LATYN, or demyn in word, or
hert, s. Arlitror, reor.}
LATYN, or sufferyn a thynge to
been (to be doon', s.) Permitto.
LATE blod. Fleobotomo, UG. et
K.Yi,w.Jlegbotomo, KYLW.
LATYNE (spech, s.) Latinum
(Romanum, p.)
LATONERE or he bat vsythe
Latyn' speche (Latonyster, or he
j>at spekyj) Latyn, s.)2 Latinista.
LATON', metal (laten or laton me-
tall, p.)3 Auricalcum, UG. in
aer, electrum, c. F.
LA WE, Jus, lex.
LAWE brekare. Legirumpus.
LAW of Godde. Phas, unde
versus ; Phas lex divina, jus
est humana potestas.
LAWFULLE. Legitimus, juri-
y legalis.
the line "all that men saine, he lete it soth." See also v. 4132, 9595, &c. Jamieson,
under the word Lat, has cited several passages where it is used by the poets of the North.
Ang.-Sax. Isetan, putare, admittere. Compare the provincial use of the verb to lete, or
leeten, to pretend or make a show of, given by Junius and Mr. Wilbraham as retained in
Cheshire. See also Jamieson, v. Lait and Leet.
1 Compare HALT, or behatyd, Exosus. " Huly, peevish, fretfull. When a man is not
easily pleased, or seems captious and froward, he is said to be huly, and a huly man ;
Dunelm" Bp. Kennett, Lands. MS. 1033.
a Selden remarks that acquaintance with the Latin tongue was considered such an
attainment that Latinista, Latinator, or Latinariiis, became significant of an interpreter in
general. Hugo Latinarius is mentioned in Domesday. Latinier, as Roquefort explains
it, signified commonly an interpreter, truchement, or dragoman. He cites the Roman de
Garin, where mention occurs of a Latinier, whose attainments extended to speaking
" Roman, Englois, Gallois, et Breton, et Norman." Sir John Maundevile, speaking of
the routes to the Holy Land, says of the one by way of Babylon, " And alle weys fynden
men Latyneres to go with hem in the contrees and ferthere be^onde, in to tyme that men
conne the langage." Voiage, p. 71. In R. Coer de Lion, 2473, 2491, K. Alis. 7089,
the words latymer, latimeris, as printed by Weber, have the same sense.
3 Latten, a hard mixed metal much resembling brass, was largely used in former times,
especially in the formation of sepulchral memorials. The precise nature of its composition
does not appear to have been accurately ascertained. It is repeatedly mentioned as a
metal of a bright and golden colour ; Chaucer uses the comparison that Phoebus " hewed
like latoun." Gower speaks of it as distinct from brass, as it seems properly to have been,
although occasionally confounded therewith, and even with copper. " Auricalcum, i.fex
auri, laten or coper." ORTUS. " Auricalcum, A nglice goldefome ; Electrinum, latyne."
Harl. MS. 1002, f. 149. " Latyn metall, lain." PALSG. Latten was probably obtained
from Germany. In the covenants for the workmanship of the effigy of Richard Beau-
champ, 1454, by Thos. Stevyns, copper-smith of London, the metal is described as
" latten," or " Cullen plate," (Cologne?) the value of which was lOd. a pound. The
remote derivation of the word is very obscure : it was probably adopted in England from
the German Letton, or French laiton. Compare Dutch lattoen, Isl. laatun, Ital. ottone,
lattone, Span, alaton, laton. Plate tin had also the appellation latten. See Forby and
Brockett, and the remarks of Nares and Jamieson.
CAMD. SOC.
2 P
290
PROMFTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LAVENDERE, herbe. Lavendula.
(LAUENDER, wassher, P. or lawn-
dere, infra.1 Lotrix.}
LAWERE, or lawjer. Legista,
jurista, legisperitus, jurispe-
ritus, scriba.
LAWHYN' (lawyn, K. langhen, p.)
Hideo.
LAWHYN to skorne (lawyn, K.
lawghen, p.) Derideo, irrideo.
LAWGHYNGE (lawhinge, K.) Risus.
LAWMPE. Lampas (lampada, p.)
LAWMPE of glas. Ticendulum, C.F.
LAWMPERY. Murena, lampreda.
LAWMPEROWNE (lampnm, P.)
Lampredula, murenula.
LAWNCEGAY.2 Lancea.
LAWNCENT, or blode yryne (lawn-
set, K. lawncot, s.) Lanceola, C.F.
LAWNCHE, o(r) skyppe. Saltus, UG.
LAWNCHYN, or skyppyn oner a
dyke, or o)>er thyngys lyke (oner
a dyche, P.)3 Perconto,persalto.
LAWNCYN, or stynge wythe a
1 This term is used by Chaucer, Legend of Good Women, Pro!. 358, and is taken
from the French. " Lau(e)ndre, a wassher, lauendiere. Laundre that wassheth clothes,"
id. PALSG. " Candidaria, lotrix pannorum, a wasshere, and a lavyndere.'' MED. " Al-
batrix, candidaria, blecherre, or lawnderre." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587. "A lawnder,
candidaria, lotrix.""1 CATH. ANG. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Beatrice
the lauendre shall come hethir after diner, so gyue her the lynnen clothis." W. Thomas,
in his Rules of Ital. Grammar, gives " lauandaia, a launder that wassheth cloathes."
See Jamieson, v. Layndar.
2 The precise nature of this weapon, as likewise the etymology of its name, is still
questionable ; it was probably adopted in this country from the French, but the deri-
vation from the name of an Eastern or Moorish weapon, called zagaye, arzegaye, or
assagay, seems more reasonable than that which has been proposed, lance aigiie. That
it was a missile weapon is apparent from Guill. de St. Andre, who wrote about the
middle of the XlVth cent, and speaks of throwing " dardes, javelots, lances-gayes ;" but
Guiart seems to mention the " archegaie " as a thrusting weapon, rather than a mis-
sile. Carre gives a comparison of the Lance-guaye, or archegaye, of the Franks, with
the Oriental zagaye, and considers them as missiles. Armes des Fran^ais, p. 198. From
" the Rime of Sire Thopas," which describes him as going forth to ride with " a launce-
gay " in his hand and long sword at his side, it appears to have been a weapon carried
for occasional defence, rather than a proper part of equipment for war or the tourna-
ment." Cant. T. 13,682. The stat. 7 Ric. III. c. 13, confirming the stat. [of North-
ampton, 2 Edw. III. c. 3, against riding, or appearing in public assemblies, with force
and arms, ordains " que desoremes nulle homme chivache deinz el Roialme armez — ne
ovesyue lancegay deinz mesme de Roialme ; les queux lancegayes soient de tout oustez
deinz le dit Roialme, come chose defendue par nostre seigneur le Roi, sur peine de
forfeiture dicelx lancegaies, armures, et aulres herneys quelconqes." Compare stat. 20
Ric. II. c. 1 ; Stat. of Realm, ii. 35, 92. In the Rolls of Parl. V. 212, there is a
petition for vengeance by the widow of a person who had been murdered in 1450 by
a gang of men " arraied in fourme of werre, withjakkes, salettez, longe swerdes, long-
debeofs, boresperes, and other unmerciable forbodoii wepons," one of whom " smote
him with a launcegay thorough the body, a fote and more." In 1459 there were
found in the Great Hall of Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, Norfolk, cross-bows, a boar-
spear, a target, "xxj. speris : Item, j. launcegay." Archseol. xxi. 272. "Launcegay,
\aueleyne" PALSG.
3 Perconito, MS. perconto, P. ; a verb apparently derived from contus, a pole. " To
launch, to take long strides. That long-legg'd fellow comes launching along." FORBY.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
291
spcre, or blode yryne (lawnchyn,
K. s.) Lcmceo.
(LAUNDE clothe, P.)
LAWNDS of a wode.1 Saltus, UG.
in salio.
LAWNDB KEPARE. Salator, KYLW.
LAVOWRE (lawowre, K. lavre, H.
lawere, s.) Lavatorium.
LA(U)RYOL, herbe (lawryal, K.
lawryol, s.) Laureola.
LAWNDERE (or lavendyre, K. la-
vunder, H.) Lotor, lotrix.
LEE of threde.2 Ligatura.
LABBARDE (lebbard, (K. s. P.)
Leopardus.
LEECE,or lees, of howndys.3 Laxa,
KYLW. veltrea.
LECHE, mann or woman.4 Medicus,
medica.
LECHE, wy(r)m of be watur
1 Camden, in his Remains, explains laund as signifying a plain among trees. Thus in
the account of the hunting expedition, Ipomydon, 383, the Queen's pavillion was pitched
at a " laund on hight," whence she might command a view of all the game of the forest.
Compare Vision of P. Ploughm. 5028, 10,248; Chaucer, Compl. of Black Knyght;
Shakespeare, Hen. VI. pt. i. III. 1. In Cullum's Hawsted a rental dated 1509 ninkc-s
mention of " 9 acres in campo vocato le lawnde." " Indayo, a parke, a huntyng place, or
a lawnde. " ORTUS. "A lawnde, saltus." CATH. ANG. " Launde a playne, launde."
PALSG. *' Lo,ma, a launde or playne. Lcmda, id." W. Thomas, Ital. Gr. " Lande, a
land or launde, a wild untilled shrubbie or bushy plaine." COTG.
2 Compare LEGGE. Forty threads of hemp-yarn are termed in Norfolk a lea. The
" lea " by which linen yarn was estimated at Kidderminster contained 200 threads. Stat.
22 and 23 Car. II. c. 8.
3 "A lese, laxa." CATH. ANG. " Lesshe for a grehounde, lais, lesse" PALSG. In the
note on the word FUTE, p. 183, it was suggested that the term feuterer might thence
be derived; Sir P. Madden likewise, in his Glossary to Gawayn, had explained " Vewter,"
Gawayn and Grene Kny}!, 1146, as denoting the huntsman who tracked the deer by the
fewte or odour. It seems probable, however, that the derivation given by Blount, Bp.
Kennett, and other glossarists, is more correct. The Gaulish hounds, of which Martial
and Ovid speak, termed vertayi, or vellres, appear to have been greyhounds, and hence
the appellations veltro, Ital. viautre, vaultre, Fr. Welter, Germ. The Promptorium gives
GREHOWNDE, veltres, p. 209; and from the practice of leading these dogs in couples, the
leash appears to have received the name veltrea, here given, a word unnoticed by Ducange.
The " ministeriuvi de Veltrarid " is mentioned in Rot. Pip. 5 Steph. In the Household
Constitutions of Hen. II. Liber Niger Scacc. i. 356, amongst the stipends assigned to the
different officers connected with the chace, is the statement, " Veltrarii,unus(iuisque iij.d.
•in die, et ij.d. homiiiibus suis; et unicuique leporario ob. in die.'''' Blount has cited the
Tenure of Setene, in Kent, by the service of providing one veltrarius, to lead three grey-
hounds, when the King should go into Gascony, as appears by Esdi. 34 Edw. I. and Rot.
Fin. 2 Edw. II. where the word is written vautrarius. Various details regarding the
duties of the " foutreres," and their fee, or share of the produce of the chace, will be
found in the Mayster of Game, Vesp. B. xn. f. 99, 104, b. Of the dogs termed veltres,
veftrahi, vertrayi, &c. see further in Ducange, v. Cauis. At a later time the vaultre was a
mongrel hound, used in hunting bears and boars, as Nicot observes, " C'est une espfae de
chien entre allant et mastin, dont on chasse aux oicrs et sunyliers." The feuterers appear
to have been at a later period termed "children of the lesh :" they were four in
number in the household of Henry VIII. 1526, as appears^by the Ordinances of Elt-
liam.
4 Compare FYSYCIAN', or leche, p. 163. " A leche, aliptes, mpirictu, medicus, cirur-
<)},<: us. A leche house, laniena, tptiainfirmi ibi lauiaiitur ." CATII. ANG. " Leche, a surgion,
292
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
(wurme, H.) Sanguissuga,
hirudo.
LEEHE of flesche, or o]>er mete.1
Lesca.
LEED, metalle. Plumbum.
LEEDARE, or plummare (plum-
bare, s.) Plumbarius.
LEDARE, or gyde. Ductor, di-
rector.
LEEDYD. Plumbatus.
LEEDYN' wythe leed. Plumbo.
LEDYN', or wyssyn. Duco, con-
duco, perduco.
LEDYN' A-WEY. Abduco.
LEDYN A-JEN. JReduco.
LEDYN YN". Induco, introduce.
LEDYN OWTE. Educo.
(LEDEN OUER, p. Transduce.)
servrgion. I leche, I heale one of a sore wounde as a cyrurgyen dothe. le gv.eris." PALSG.
Ang.-Sax. laece, medicus. The appellation was used to denote those who professed any
branch of the healing art, as well as the ladies, who frequently supplied the place of the
regular practitioners. Amongst the innumerable treatises of the ancient herbalists few
afford a more curious insight into the practices of leech -craft, about the period when the
Promptorium was compiled, than Arund. MS. 42. The author, who had a herb-garden
at Stepney, states that he " knew a lady, >e lady Sowche, \>Q beste Godys leche of Bryjth-
lond, in women," and recounts her practice in preparing a nostrum, termed "nerual."
f. 22. The fourth, or ring finger, was called the leech finger, from the pulsation
therein found, and supposed to be in more direct communication with the heart, as in
the tract attributed to Joh. de Garlandia, under the title of Distigius, Harl. MS. 1002,
f. 115, it is said, " Stat medius (medylle fyngure) medio, medicus (leche fyngure) jam
convenit (accordyt) egro."" In another line the fingers are thus enumerated : " Pollex,
index, medius, medicus, auricularis.'" CATH. ANO. See Brand's Popular Antiquities.
1 The term leche, which occurs frequently in connection with ancient cookery, had two
distinct significations. It denoted such viands as it was usual to serve in slices, probably
for the sake of convenience, before the general use of forks. " Lesche, a long slice, or
shi ve of bread, &c." COTG. The nature and variety of dishes thus to be served maybe
learned from Harl. MS. 279, where recipes are given for 64 different " Leche vyaundys;"
and where the meaning of the verb to leche is evident from such directions as the follow-
ing: " Brawn in comfyte — leche it fayre wyth a knyff, but not to Jnnne, and J>an jif )>ou
wolt )>ou my^t take J>e rybbys of \>e bore al bare, and chete hem enlongys J>orw )>e lechys,
an so serue forth a leche or to in euery dysshe." f. 27, b. Compare the use of the verb
to " leshe," Forme of Cury, pp. 36, 56, 57; "yleeshed," p. 18. Compare the " leyched
beefe " as ordered for supper in the dietary of the Princess Cecill, with the item " beefe
sliced," in the Ordinances of Eltham, Househ. Ord. pp. *38, 181. R. Holme gives this
signification, iii. p. 78, and another sense, namely, "a kind of jelly, made of cream,
isinglass, sugar, and almonds." p. 83. "White leach, gelatina amigdalorum." BARET.
" Leche made of flesshe, gelee." PALSG. One lechemeat appears to have formed an ordi-
nary portion of every course, as may be gathered from the bills of fare at various great
festivities, Harl. MS. 279, f. 44, and from the accounts of the installation feasts of Abp.
Nevill, 1466, Lei. Coll. vi. 6 ; of Abp. Morton, 1478, Arnold's Chron. 239; and the
coronation banquet of Elizabeth, Queen of Hen. VII. 1487, Lei. Coll. iv. 226. The various
kinds of "leche" named in these documents appear to have ranged with " suttleties,"
such as " leche Lumbart gylt, partie gelly, leche porpul, damaske, reiall, ciprus, rube,
Florentine," &c. See further the Roll of Cookery appended to the Household Ordi-
nances; the Liber cure cocorum, Sloane MS. 1986; and Cott. MS. Jul. D. vin. Skinner
interprets brawn lechyd, which is mentioned in the St. Alban's Book, as signifying " aper
medicatus, aromatis condilus;'1'' as if the term had some connection with Ang.-Sax. laece,
medicus.
PROMPTOIUUM PARVULORUM.
293
LEDYI? TO. Adduco.
(LEDE wythe a carte, supra in
CARTYN'.- Caruco, CATH.)A
LEEDYNGE wythe leed. Plum-
bacio.
LEDYNGE, or wyssynge (wysynge
in the way, K. gydinge, p.) Du-
catus.
LEDYR, or le]?yr, or lethyr (leyre,
or lebyre, s. leddyr, or lethyr,
P.)2 Corium.
LEDDERE, or ladder. Scala.
LEDDYR stafe.3 Scalarium, sca-
lare, CATH.
LEEF of a book, or a tre, or o]?er
lyke. Folium.
LEEFE of a vyne. Pampinus, UG.
in pando.
LEFE, and dere.4 Cams.
LEFTE, or forsakyn'. Dimissus,
derelictus, relictus.
LEFT, or thynge bat ys on the
lyfte syde. Sinister.
LEFT hande. Sinistra, leva.
LEFT hande man (handid man,
K. s.) Mancinus, CATH.
LEFULLE, or lawfulle. Licitus.
LEG. Tibia.
LEG harneys. Tibialia.
LEGGE, ouer twarte byndynge
(ouer wart, s. ledge, p.)5 Li-
gatorium.
LEGENDE (boke, s.) Legenda.
LEGISTER. Legista, jurista.
LEGYON' (or legivn', s.) Legio.
LECHERY (lehcherye, K. lechchery,
1 An instance of this use of the verb to lead has been already given in the note on
CARTYN', p. 62. Sir John Maundevile uses it in the sense of carrying, generally, as in
the following passage : '* That arke or hucche, with the relikes, Tytus ledde with hym
to Rome, whan he had scomfyted alle the Jewes." Voiage, p. 102. In the Liber Niger
Regis Edw. IV. an ordinance is given that no seller of wheat for the use of the King's
house "be compelled to lede or carrye his wheete, pourveyed for this household,
towardes the Kiriges garner," more than the distance of 10 miles at his own cost.
Household Ordin. p. 68. A municipal regulation, cited in Beesley's Hist, of Banbury,
p. 233, prescribed in 1564, " that no maner of person shall feche, lede, or cary any
donge or mucke furthe of the towne, but betwene the fyrst day of May and the feest of
Seint Michell th' Arckangell." Among the trades enumerated in the order of the pa-
geants of the play of Corpus Christi at York, 1415, occur " water leders." Drake's
Hist. App. " I lede a man or thynge aboute a towne vpon a hardell, or after a horse,
[( fr<i,</it,e." PALSG.
2 The marked distinction made by the author, in this and several other instances,
between the Saxon character \> and the equivalent expression th, is deserving of notice.
It is probable that the reading of the MS. HERTYS LETHYR, or lethyr1, as it has been
printed, p. 238, is faulty, and the following correction may be suggested, — lebyr, or
letliyr. Ang.-Sax. lefter, corium. Bp. Kennett gives " leer, leather, hence Bandaleers.
Leer, corium.'''' Kilian. Lansd. MS. 1033.
3 The explanation of scalare given in the Catholicon defines it as signifying " lignum,
transverso in scald positum, quod et hoc interscalare dicititr." " A leddr staffe, scalare.'1''
CATH. ANG. The transverse bars are more commonly termed the rounds or rungs of the
ladder. Chaucer speaks of the " ronges " of a ladder, Miller's T. 3625.
4 Lefe, or lief, beloved, is a word which occurs in most of the old writers. Chaucer
and Gower use it as a substantive. Ang.-Sax. leof, dilectiis. " Lefe, lyefe, dere, cher.
Lefenesse, chereti. Lefe or yuell." PALSG.
• In Norfolk a bar of a gate, or stile, of a chair, table, &c. is termed a ledge, according
to Forby. " Ledge of a dore, barre. Ledge of a shelf c, upvy, estaye."" PALSG.
294 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM,
s. letchery, p.) Luxuria, me-
chia, fornicacio, Venus.
LECHOWRE (lehchonr, K.) For-
nicator, lectator, leno, fornica-
trix, lectatrix, mecha, lena (le-
cator, P.)
LEYARE, or werkare wythe stone
and mortere.1 Cementarius.
LEYD, or put, Positus.
LEY for waschynge (or lye, infra,
leye, K. lye for wesshynge of
heddys, s.)2 Lixiviwm, c. F. et
UG. in luxos.
LEYYNGE of a thynge. Posicio.
LEYN', or puttyn (to, s,) Pono,
depono (repono, s.)
LEYN' eggys, as hennys (eyryn,
K. eyre, s.) Ovo, c. F. pono.
1 In the accounts of works at the palace of Westminster and the Tower during the
XlVth cent, preserved amongst the miscellaneous records of the Queen's Remem-
brancer, mention is made continually of '' culatores," or stone layers. See also the
abstracts of accounts relating to the erection of St. Stephen's Chapel, in the reign of
Edw. III. printed in Smith's Antiqu. of Westm. In the contract for building Fother-
inghay Church, 1425, the chief mason undertakes neither to " set mo nor fewer free-
masons, rogh setters ne leye(r)s," upon the work, but as the appointed overseer shall
ordain. Dugdale, Mon. iii. 164, Collegiate Churches.
2 Lixinum, MS. and s. Uguitio gives lixen, aqua, whence " lixinum, quia sit ex aqua
et cmere." Arund MS. 508. The early romances and Chaucer's poems afford evidence
that yellow or light-coloured hair was in especial esteem. The fashion prevailed at a
very early period» as appears from the writings of Tertullian, who reproaches Christian
women with an affectation of seeking to resemble in this respect those of Germany and
Gaul. The art of producing this colour artificially was termed crocuphantea, and is
condemned by St. Cyprian and St. Jerome as a sinful vanity, and by Galen as preju-
dicial to health. At the time when the Promptorium was compiled this fashion con-
tinued in full force, and numerous artificial expedients had been devised for supplying
the defect of nature, by means of some vegetable decoction or lie, whereby, with sub-
sequent exposure to the sun, the hair might be made to assume the desired colour. The
herbals and medicinal treatises of the XVth cent, indicate a great variety of processes
which were adopted for colouring or preserving the hair. In Arundel MS. 42, f. 82,
the decoction of madder is recommended to make it red, and the juice of sage applied
in the hot sun to make it black ; f. 77, b. The virtues of the lily are commended for
making hair to grow again, and the oil of hazel nuts as infallible against " mowtynge
of here," f. 59 ; and an effectual depilatory " for-doyng here " is given at f. 35. The
strangest substances were in request for such purposes : thus in Jul. D. vm. f. 79, b.
" lixivium de cinere fimi columbi " is recommended as an approved remedy against
the falling of hair. The extent to which such artificial aids were made available at a
later period appears from the numberless prescriptions given by Gerarde, Parkinson,
Langham, in his Garden of Health, 1579, and similar writers. See the satirical ob-
servations of Bulwer on this subject, in the Artificial Changling, 1653. Herman, who
wrote at the commencement of the reign of Hen. VIII. says that " maydens were
sylken callis, with the whiche they keepe in ordre theyr heare made yelowe with lye;
comas lixivio ruffatas sive rutulatas. Women chaunge the naturall colour of theyr
heare with crafty colour and sonnyng. Some cherisshe theyr busshis of heare with moche
kymbeynge and wesshynge in lye. He maketh his heare yelowe bycause he wolde seme
lustye ; nttilat capillos ut vegetus a^pareat. His heare was lyght ambre." Vulgaria,
1519. To such practices allusion is perhaps made in the Promptorium by the word HKED
WASCHYNGE, which will be found above, p. 232. " Lee, lixivium, lociumS' CATH. ANO.
Palsgrave gives only " lye to wassho with, lessiue." Ang.-Sax. leah, lixivium.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 295
LEYN TO, or put to (leyn to, or
ley to, s.) Appono.
LEYN, or leye waiowre. Vadio,
CATH.
LEYN to wedde. Pignoro, im-
pignoro.
LEYNYN' (lenyn, or restyn, K.)
PodiOj appodio.
LE(Y)NYNGE.1
LE(Y)NYNGE staffe.2 Calopodium,
podium, c. F. CATH.
LEYSERE. Oportunitas.
LEEK, or garlcke. Alleum.
LEEK, or porret. Porrum, CATH.
c. F.
LEEK pottage. Porrata, CATH.
LEEM, or lowe (lawe, H.)3 Flamma.
LEMMAN.4 Concubina, amasia.
1 Levynge, MS. lenynge, K. s. P.
3 Podium is explained in the Catholicon and Ortus to be " baculus super quern innitimur,
cum quo sepe terram ferimus, a lene." Ducange cites the Usus Ord. Cisterc. c. 68, where
by this term is implied " pars formes monachicce, cui monachi, cum procumbunt, inni-
tuntur ;" and it seems possible that allusion is here made by Friar Geoffrey to the staff
which, according to the usage in some establishments, served to give an occasional
support during the long services of the choir, an object which was more usually attained
by means of the misericorde, orformella. In some of the German churches the use of
the leaning staff is still retained, and a remarkable specimen, apparently of German
workmanship, now preserved in the De Bruges collection at Paris, was intended, as
Lenoir supposed, to answer this purpose. The curious character of its ornaments indicates
its having been fashioned for some sacred use, and the lion statant, by which it is sur-
mounted, gives it, in some measure, the form of the Tau staff, as it has been termed.
Hist, des Arts en France, pi. xxxvii. " Leanyng stocke, appvial." PALSG.
3 Leme, a shining light, Ang.-Sax. leoma, jubar, is a word not uncommonly used by
the old writers; see R. Glouc. p. 186 ; Vision of Piers P. 12,324; Cant. Tales, 14,836.
" Fulf/us, lemynge bat touchethe. Fulgur, lemynge bat brennethe. Casma, brennynge
of the leeme of the fyre." MED. MS. CANT. In the Abbreviata Chronica printed by the
Camb. Antiqu. Soc. from the MS. at Caius Coll. it is recorded, A.D. 1402, " hoc anno
apparuit stella comata, A nylice vocata lemyng sterr, prognosticans bellum fitturum, vid.
lellum Salopie." Fabyan relates that in 7 Will. Rufus " grysly and vncouth syghtes
were sene, as hostes of men fightyn in ye skye, and fyre lemys and other." Compare
GLEMYNGE, or lemynge of lyghte, p. 198. See also hereafter STEEM, or lowe of fyre, and
STEMYNGE, or lemynge of fyyr. Bp. Kennett notices learn as signifying a flash or blaze of
fire, in Durham ; Lansd. MS. 1033; and Brockett gives learn, as retained in the Northern
Dialect.
4 Junius derives this term from Ang.-Sax. leof, dilectus, and man, denoting the
human species generally, without distinction of sex. Hickes in his A.-S. grammar gives
leue-mon, amasius, Norm. -Sax. ; by R. Glouc. the word is written lefmon, p. 344 ;
and in the Winchester MS. of the Promptorium leefman' is given as synonymous with
SPECYAL, concubyne, the man. The editor of the Towneley Mysteries would deduce an
argument for the antiquity of that work from the fact that lemman occurs therein solely
in the primary and simple sense of a person beloved. It is thus used also by R. Brunne,
p. 236 ; but it more commonly denotes one loved illicitly, or with mere gallantry, as
the word is used by Chaucer and Gower, and applied to either sex. " Bassaris, a mylche
co we, or a prestys lemmande." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. " A leman, amasius, amasia,
concubina, focaria, pelex ; peligmis, peligna, filius vel filia ejus ; multicuba, multigamus,
polidamas. A lemanry, concubitus, concubinatus.'1'' CATH. ANG. " Amasius, qui intem-
perate amat, a lemman, or a louer. Amasia, i. mulier qui amat sine lege, a lemman.
Ancuba, i. concubina, vel succuba, a lemman. Concubina est que ad iwtm Veneris non
296
PROMPTORIUM PAHVULORUM.
LEMYN', or lowyn' as fyyr (as
lowe of fyre, K. H. p.)1 Flammo.
LEMYNGE, or lowynge of fyyre,
Flammacio.
LENDARE, or he ]>at (lendythe,
H. s.) a thynge. Fenerator,
creditor.
LEEND, lym of a beeste (or ludd-
ok,infra, lende, K. p.)2 Lumbus.
LEENDYN. Presto, fenero, CATH.
feneror, CATH. mutuo (concedo,
H. credo, P.)
LENDYNGE. Mut(u)acio.
LENE, not fet. Macer, macilen-
tus.
LENESSE, or lennesse (sic, s.
lerie fleshe, K.) Macies, ma-
credo, macritudo, CATH.
LENYN, or make lene. Macero.
LEENGE, fysche.3 Lucius ma-
rinus (longenus, p.)
LENGTHE. Longitudo.
LENTE, holy tyme. Quadragesima.
LEEP, or baskett (lepp. K.)4
Sporta, calathus, corbis, CATH.
et c. F. canistrum.
legitime tenetur, a lemman." ORTUS. " Lemman, concubine, amovrevse" PALSG. Herman
remarks that "some loue theyr lemmans (paliacas) better than theyr true wyfe." Compare
SPECYAL, hereafter.
1 Compare GLEMYN, or lemyn, p. 198. See Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, 591, 1137,
&c.; Vision of P. P.; Townel. Myst. p. 92. Ang.-Sax. leoman, lucere.
2 In the later Wicliffite version Job xl. 21 is thus rendered : " His (i. Behemot)
strengbe is in his lendis, (lumbis, Vulg.) and his vertu in the naule of his wombe." See
also Judith viii. 6; Luke xii. 35. Chaucer describes the milk-white and well plaited
"barm-cloth" or apron, worn by the carpenter's wife " upon hire lendes." Miller's
Tale, 3238. "A lende, lumbus." CATH. ANG. " Lumbus, a leynde, vel idem quod ren,
a nayre. Lumbifractus, broken lended." ORTUS. Ang.-Sax. lendenu, lumbi.
3 Caxton, in the Boke of the fayt of armes, ii. c. 16, speaking of things with which
a garrison ought to be well supplied, mentions " grete foyson of ling fysshe, and ha-
burden." In Sir John Howard's Household Book the following item is entered by his
steward, A.D. 1465: "My mester payde at Yipswyche viijs. ivd. for xxxij. leenges;"
and in the provision for Hengrave in 1607 the item occurs, "bought at Sturbige fayre
of great organ lynge, xxj." Rokewode's Hengrave, 210. " Lynge, fysshe, colin." PALSG.
The ling, Asellus longus, received its name from the length of the fish, as Skinner and
Willughby suppose ; it was supplied from the Northern seas, and probably retained the
name by which it was known to the fishermen in those regions. Teut. linghe, Dutch,
leng, piscis ex asellorum genere. Keeling is doubtless of cognate derivation; compare also
GRENE LYNGE, above, p. 210.
4 In the later Wicliffite version the following passage occurs : " Whanne sche my^te not
hele, Jeanne sche took a leep of segg, (fiscellam scirpeam, Vulg.) and bawmede it with tar
and picche, and puttide the yong child wijnnne." Exod. ii. 3. Compare Dedis ix. 25;
ii. Cor. xi. 33. See also Towneley Myst. p. 329. " A lepe, canistrum, cophinns,
corbis, &c. ubi a baskyt. A lepe maker, cophinarius, corbio." CATH. ANG. " Cartallum,
a basket or a lepe. Cofinus, vas vimineum ad opus servile depiitatum, a hande
basket. Cofinulus, a lytyll lepe. Corbulus, a lytell lepe or basket." ORTUS. "Lepe,
or a basket, corbeille.'''' PALSG. See Jamieson, v. Lippie. Bp. Kennett, in his Glos-
sarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, has the following observations on this word :
" Leap, in Yorkshire, a large osier basket bore between two men, for the use of
carrying corn to be winnowed, &c. called commonly a wheat-leap. Sax. leap, calatkus,
speciatim seminatoris corbis. A seed leap, or seed lip; Wilts. A leap, a weel to
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORTJM. 297
LEEP, for fysshe kepynge, or
takyiige.1 Nassa, CATH. et UG.
in no.
LEEP, or styrt (lepp, or skypp, K.
sterte, s.) Saltus.
LEPARE, or rennare. Cursor.
LEPARE, or remiar a-.wey. Fugax,
fugitivus.
LEPYNGE, or rennynge. Cursus.
LEPYNGE a-wey. Fuga.
LEPYR, or lepre (seke, K. p.) man,
or woman, or beeste. Leprosus.
LEPYR, or lepre, sekenesse.2Ze;;ra.
LERARE, lernare, or techare. Doc-
tor, instructor, informator.
LERARE, or lernare, or he J?at re-
ceyvythe lore (j?at takyt infor-
macyon, K. takethe lemynge,
p.) Discipulus.
LERYN,or receyue lore of a-nothere
catch fish ; Lancashire. An ozier basket borne between two men for the use of carrying
chaff out of a barn is called in Northamptonshire and Bucks a bear-leap. Isl. laupur,
scrinium quo lanifices linum servant. A leap or lib, half a bushel ; Sussex. A seed leap,
or lib, a basket to carry corn on the arm to sow ; Essex. Lepa, 31 Edw. I. est tertia
pars duorum bussellorum. Ext. Man. de Terring, com. Sussex." Porby gives lep, or lepe,
a large deep basket, and seed lep, a basket for the use of the sower, or carrying chaff to
feed horses. Moore mentions lib, doubting whether the word is still in use in Suffolk.
Grose gives leap as a North-country word. Plot speaks of the " cubb or beer-lip " used
to make a cavity in a rick, to prevent heating. Hist. Oxf. p. 256. Compare CRELLE,
baskett, or lepe, above, p. 101, and BARLYLEPE, p. 25.
1 This term occurs in the later Wicliffite version, in the description of Behemoth :
" Shul marchaundis departe him ? wher pou shalt fille nettis wip his skin, and a leep
of fishis (gurgustium piscium, Vulg.) wip his heed?" Job xi. 26. "A lepe for fysche,
jiscella, gurgustium.''' CATH. ANG. " Nassa, quoddam instrumentum ex viminibus tam-
quam rhete context^t,m, ad capiendos pisces, a pyche, or a fyshe lepe. Fiscinn, a chesefat,
or a fysshe lepe." ORTUS. " Lepe to take fysshe, nasse a prendre pot/son. Thou cannest
nat bringe this leepe (nasse} downe to the botome, except thou tye a stone to it." PALSG.
" Nasse,& wicker leap, or weel for fish." COTG. " Leaps to take eeles, caudecce."" GOULDM.
The statute 4 William and Mary, c. 23, forbids all persons, not owners of fisheries, to
keep " any net, angle, leap, piche, or other engine for the takeing of fish." Statutes
of the Realm, vi. 415. Bishop Kennett observes that the term is in use in Lancashire and
in Leicestershire. Ang.-Sax. leap, nassa. Compare FYSCH LEEP, above, p. 163.
2 It has been affirmed that leprosy was brought into Europe by the crusaders ; in
the Anglo-Saxon vocabulary, however, which has" been attributed to jElfric, occurs the
word " leprosus, hreoflig, o'S'Se licSrowera." Jul. A. II. f. 123. In the Assisa de Foresta,
which is of uncertain date, but is assigned by Manwood to 6 Edward I. it is enacted
that if any beast of chase be found wounded or dead, " caro mittatur ad domum leprosi,
si qua prope fuerit," or otherwise given to the infirm and poor. Statutes of Realm, i.
244. In Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, there were several spital houses,
or hospitals of lepers. The most ancient, the hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, was founded
in the reign of Stephen by Petrus Capellanus for a prior and twelve brethren, of whom
three were to be lepers. See Parkins' account of Lynn, Blomf. Norf. iv. 608. Mac-
karell, in his History of that town, p. 255, mentions a bequest to the leprous men and
women in 1408 ; and Parkins records the devise of Stephen Guybon to every house of
lepers about Lynn, in 1432, namely at West Lynn,1 Cowgate, Herdwyk, Setchehithe,
Mawdelyn, and Geywode. The number of these charitable institutions in England was
considerable; permission had been granted by Pope Alexander III. in 1179, that leprous
pei-sons, being excluded from all communion with their fellow-men, might, wherever
CAMD. 80C. 2 Q
298
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(betawt of another, K. lerne or
be taught, p.)1 Disco, CATH.
addisco.
LERYN', or techyn' a-nother. Do-
ceo, instruo, informo.
LERYNGE, or lernynge, or lore
(teching, K.) Doctrina, in-
structio, informacio.
LEES, or false.2 Falsus.
LEES, for howndys, idem quod
LE(E)CE, supra. (Laxa, letra,
p. sic, pro veltrea ?)
LESARDE wy(r)m (worme, s.) La-
certus, c. F.
LESSE. Minus, adv.
LESYN', or lese. Perdo.
LESSYN', or make lesse. Minuo,
diminuo, minoro.
LEESYNGE, or lyynge (or gabbynge,
supra; Ie3ynge, s. liynge, P.)3
Mendacium.
LESYNGE berare. Mendifer.
LESYNGE, or thyngys loste (of
thynge loste, s.) -Perdicio.
LESYNGE, or losynge of a thynge
bowndyn' (boounde, s.) Solucio.
LESKE (or fianke, supra.)4* In-
guen, c. F.
LESSONE. Leccio.
LESTE, sowtarys forme, Formula,
they should form a congregation , have a church for themselves. These hospitals were
of the Augustine order, and included amongst the religious houses which were surren-
dered 26 Henry VIII. The formalities with which the seclusion of lepers was effected,
and the restrictions imposed upon them, may be learned from the Manuale ad usum
Sarum. Hentzner, who visited England during the reign of Elizabeth, speaks of the
English as very subject to the disease of leprosy. " A lepyr, lepra, elefancia, missella.
A leprus man, leprosus, mise/lus." CATH. ANG. Horman says, " He hath made a leper,
or a lasar house; hierocomion condidit." " Lepar, a sicke man, lasdre. Lasar, id.
Lypre, the sickenesse, lasderie." PALSG. The term mesel is very commonly used to desig-
nate a leprous person, and appears to be directly taken from the French mesel ; some
writers have, however, supposed a distinction to have existed between mesellerie and
ladrerie. See MASYL, hereafter.
1 The double signification of the verb to lere occurs in most of the old writers ; R.
Glouc., R. Brunne, and Minot use it in both senses ; Chaucer uses it in that of learning,
Frankel. T. 1106 ; and it signifies teaching, Vis. of Piers Ploughm. 4742, 9551 ; Townel.
Myst. p. 38, &c. Ang.-Sax. Iseran, docere. A rhyming epitaph, inscribed on brass, is
found at Grundigburgh, Suffolk, dated 1501, to the memory of a person,
" Which decessyd, as yee shall lere,
The vj. day off September."
2 Les is used by R. Glouc. as an adjective; as a substantive, lees, a falsehood, occurs
more frequently. Lese, Gawene and the Carle, 7, 265; " Withouten lees," Chaucer,
Rom. of Rose, 3904 ; les, leasse, Townel. Myst. Cov. Myst. Ang.-Sax. leas, /alms.
3 " Nuga, a scorne, a lesynge, a bourde, a trifulle. Nugicanus, a singer of lesinges.
Feria, lesing, or chirche-werk." MED. "A lesynge, mendacium, &c. uli a lee." CATH.
ANG. Ang.-Sax. leasung, mendacium.
4 " A leske, ipocundeia." CATH. ANG. (" Ipocundie, i. coste molles." MED.) " Nomina
memlrorum, mes flanks, my laskes." Harl. MS. 219, f. 150. " Leske by the belly, oy»e."
PALSG. Bp. Kennett gives " Lisk, that part of the side which is between the hips and
the short ribs. Yorkshire." Lansd. MS. 1033. Skinner gives lesk as most commonly used
in this sense in Lincolnshire ; see also Brockett and Jainieson, v. Lisk. Compare Dan.
and Swed. liuske, Belg. liesch, inguen.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
299
CATH. formipedia, Dice, calo-
podia, c. F.
LESTE, nowmbyr, as heryngys,
and other lyke.1 Legio.
LEEST of alle. Minimus.
LESTAGE of a shyppe.2 Saburra,
CATH. et COMM.
LESTYN, or induryn'. Duro, per-
duro.
LESTYNGE, or
rynge, K. p.)
LEEST wurthy.
exilimus, s.)
LETANYE. Letania.
yndurynge (du-
Perduracio.
Eximius (szc,
r.
LETTE GAME, or lettare of pley.
Prepiludius, c. F. in prepedio.
LETTYN'. Impedio, prepedio.
LETTYNGE. Impedimentum.
LETTYNGE, or longe taryynge, and
a-bydynge. Mora.
LETTYR. Littera, grama.
LETTERYD. Litteratus.
LETERONE, or lectorne, deske
(lectrone, K. letrone, or lectrun,
H. P. leteron, or letervn, s.)3
Lectrinum, lectorium, plutewn,
c. F. lectrum,c.F. (pulpitum, C.F.
discus, secundum li. equi, p.)
1 The statute Hen. III. de mensuris, and the statute 31 Edw. TH. de allece vendendo,
ordained that a last of herrings should be accounted by ten thousand, and the hundred by
six score, the highest price being fixed at 40s. the last. Stat. of Realm, i. 354. In " the
Costis for to make hering at the Coeste," printed with Arnold's Chron. p. 263, it is stated
that to make a last " ye shal bye fresh hering out of the ship, x. m.; vj. score, and iiij.
heringis for the c. xij. barellis ful packed is a last of white hering, and xx. cadis rede
hering is a last, v. c. in a cade, vj. score iiij. heringis for the c." Of" Rede sprottis — x.
cades maketh a last, xij.c. in euery cade." In the summary of the office of the Celler-
esse of Barking is the " Memorandum, that a barrell of herring shuld contene a thousand
herrings, and a cade off herryng six hundreth, six score to the hundreth." Mon. Angl. i.
83. " Last of fysshe, xij. barelles, lay." PALSO. A last of unpacked herrings, according
to Coles, is 18 barrels. See Ducange, v. Lasta.
2 "A lastage, or fraghte of a schippe, sabnrra.'' CATH. ANG. Saburra signifies the
ballast of a ship, " multiiudo lapidum, vel inutilis sarcina navis, que solet esse de lapidibus
et awnd." CATH. ANG. " Lestage, the balast of a ship." COTG, " A last or lastage, onus,
saburra. To lastage, vide balast." GOULDM. The statute 21 Ric. II. c. 18, reciting that
the beacons and outworks of the town of Calais were decayed, in consequence of the rages
of the sea, ordains that ships coming thither from England "portent ovesque eux tout lour
lastage des bones piers convenables pur Vestuffure de les Beeknes," &c. Stat. of Realm, ii.
108. See Ducange, v. Lastagmm. Of the custom exacted for freightage, termed lesta-
gium, see Spelman's Glossary. Ang.-Sax. hlaast, oims navis, Lehlsestan, onerare. Belg.
lastagie, ballast.
3 The lectern is not named amongst the appliances of sacred use enumerated by .ffilfric,
Cottonian MS, Julius, A. n. f. 126', b. ; in the Regula Bened. mention, however, occurs
of the rseding-scamol. The various uses of the lectern in cathedral or collegiate estab-
lishments may be gathered from the ancient rites of Durham, in which it appears that
there was a pelican " lettern " of brass at the north side of the high altar, where the
Epistle and Gospel were sung ; a second lower down in the choir, in the form of an
eagle of brass, used at mattins, or other times when the legends were read ; and there
was also a " letterne " of wood, like a pulpit, standing and adjoining to the organ over
the door of the choir. It seems highly probable, as Mr. Rudge supposes, that the white
marble desk discovered in 1813 near the site of the abbey church of Evesham, formed
part of the lectern that was erected about 1218 by Thomas de MarL berg, at that time
sacrist, and subsequently Abbot, according to the following record: " fecit lectricium
300 PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LECTURE (letture, K. lettrure,
ii. P.) Lectura (litteratura, p.)
LETUARYE. Electuarium, CATH.
LETUCE, herbe. Lactuca.
LEVE. Licencia.
LEVECEL be-forne a wyndowe, or
other place.1 Umbraculum, c. F.
LEVE(Y)NE of dowe (leveyn, or
dowe, s. P.) Fimmentum, zima,
c. F. (fermentum, H. s. p.)
retro chorum, quod prius non erat factum in ecclesid Eveshamensi, et legebantiir lectiones
juxta tvmbam S. Wilsini." Cottonian MS. Vesp. B. xxiv. This lectern is represented
in the Archseologia, xvii. pi. 23. A lectern of marble, resembling such as is quarried
in Derbyshire, exists at Crowle in Worcestershire ; it appears to be a work of the Xllth
century. Another beautifully-sculptured specimen is preserved in the ancient abbatial
house at Wenlock, Salop. In the former instance alone, the arrangement whereby the
desk was supported on small columns may be ascertained. Of the moveable lecterns of
a later period, numerous specimens have escaped the ravages of the XVIth and XVIIth
centuries. Carved lecterns of wood exist at Bury, Huntingdonshire, date about 1300 ;
at Ramsey ; Swanscombe and Lenham in Kent; Hawsted in Suffolk ; and. in many other
churches. Those of brass are mostly of the XVth century, or later date. At Rouen
Cathedral an ancient lectern of iron may be seen, which, being hinged together like a
faldistorium, and furnished with a socket for a candle on one side, might be folded up
when not in use, and laid aside, so as not to encumber the area of the choir. The lectern
was adorned with a covering, frequently termed the " des-cloth," of rich material con-
formable to the suit, or complete vestment, of which it formed a part. In the Inventory
of the Church of St. Faith, in the crypt at St. Paul's, 1298, is mentioned " panmis de pal
ad lectrinium." In the Wardrobe Book, 27 Edw I. amongst the furniture and orna-
ments of the royal chapel, occurs " unum manutergium, curtum. sutum de auro et serico,
pro lech-one." p. 352. John of Gaunt bequeathed, 1399, a richly-embroidered vestment
of -white satin to the high altar at St. Paul's, the " couverture pour la letteron " forming
an item in the description, as likewise in that of a vestment of red cloth of gold, wrought
with gold falcons, devised by him to the " Moustier de N. Dame de Nicole."" Testamenta
Eboracensia, i. 227, 228. " Lectrinum, lectrum, et legium pro eodein, scilicet pro pul-
pito ; et dicuntur a lego, a pulpyt, or a lectrone." ORTUS. " A lettrone, ambo, desciis,
lectrinum, orcista." CATH. ANG. " Lecterne to syng at, levtrayn." PALSG. See further
in Ducange.
1 The etymology and precise meaning of this word are exceedingly obscure ; it is used
by Chaucer in the tale of the Cambridge scholars who came to the Miller of Trumpington
to have their grain ground, and left their horse under a pent-house or outbuilding, instead
of putting him into the " lathe ; " the miller, to play them a shrewd trick, slipped off the
bridle, and let the horse run.
" He looked up and doune, till he had yfound
The clerkes horse, there as he stood ybound,
Behind the mill, under a lessel." Reve's Tale, 4059.
Tyrwhitt prints the word " levesell," and its meaning here is less obscure than in a
passage in the Persone's Tale, where it again occurs. Chaucer defines the difference
between pride in the heart of man, and pride shown in external show and costly array :
" But nathelesse, that one of these spices of pride is signe of that other, right as the
gaye leuesell at the taverne is signe of the wine that is in the seller." Speght, who had
here consulted the Promptoriuin, explains the word as signifying a bush, or a hovel,
which is repeated by Skinner, with the suggestion that it may be derived from the
French " lais, vepres, virgulta, addita term. dim. ell.'' This derivation seems little
to the purpose. According to Cotgrave lais, or laycs, are trees left as marks in cutting
a copse wood. Tyrwhitt iu his notes says confidently that the word is derived from
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
301
LEVEL, rewle. Equicium, (c. F.
regula, P.)
LEVEL, rewle.1 Perpendiculum.
LEVENE, or lyghtenynge (levyn,
H. s.)2 Fulgur, coruscacio,
fulmen.
LEVENESSE, or belevenesse. Fides.
LEVENESSE, or grete troste (leve-
neste, or grette tryst, s. leue-
nesse or trust, P.) Confidencia.
LEVYN', or belevyn'.3 Credo, OATH.
LEEYYN', or forsakyn' (levyn, or
blevyn, K. H.) Relinquo, de-
relinquOj dimitto, desero.
LEEVYN', sesyn', or be sty lie.
Dimitto, desisto.
LEWDE, not letteryd. I Hitter atus,
agramatus, c. F. (incipiens, p.)
LEWDE, vnkunnynge, or vnknow-
ynge yn what so hyt be. In-
scius, ignarus (laicus, K. p.)
LEWDENESSE of clergy.4 Illitte-
ratura.
LEWDENESSE of on-conynge
Ang.-Sax. lefe,/o£wm, and setl, sedes, but afterwards confesses himself dissatisfied with
that explanation ; yet still holds to the notion that in the second passage allusion is made
to the bush, the ancient sign of a wine-shop, and cites Chatterton's Elinour and Juga,
attributed to Rowley, where the hunter is said to rouse the fox from " the lessel." In the
Editor's MS. of the Medulla, umftraculum is rendered "an oumbrelle :" in the Canter-
bury MS. " an amerellej" in Harl. MS. 2270, "an vmbrelle."
1 LEVER, MS. and s. " Leuell, a ruler, niueav." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. laefel, lilella.
2 The lightning, or any sudden gleam of light, is frequently termed by the old
•writers levene, a word which has been derived from Ang.-Sax. hlifian, rutilare. See
Lye, and • Jamieson, v. Levin. R. Brunne, describing the engines devised by Richard
Coaur de Lion, to throw wild fire and stones, at the seige of Acre, says that " as leuen
J>e fire out schete." Langt. Chron. p. 174. Compare Havelok, 2690 ; Ywaine and
Gawain, Ritson, Metr. R. i. p. 17 ; Cant. Tales, 5858 ; Gower, Conf. Am. ; Townel.
Myst. pp. 39, 116; Cov. Myst. 156. Fabyan relates that in 7 Hen. 1, " was sene an
vncouth starre, whyche nyghtely appered at one howre, and continued so by the space of
xxv. days; and fore agaynst that, oute of the Eest parte, appered a great leuyn or beme of
bryghtnes, whyche stretched towarde the sayde starre." Spenser uses the word
"levin" repeatedly. " Fttlgur, leuenynge that brenneth. Fulyetrum, a shynynge of
leuenynge that brenneth. Fulmen, leuenynge, or lyghtnynge." ORTUS. "To levyne,
or to smyte wyth lewenynge, casmatisere, fulgore fulminare. A levenynge, casma,
fulyur, fulmen, fulyetrum, ignis. A levenynge smyttynge, ftdgoratus.* CATH. ANG.
In the Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " Fulgor, fulmen, lewenynges.
Fulyurat, (it) lewnes." Palsgrave gives the verb " it leueneth as the lyghtenyng dothe,
il esclere. Dyd you nat se it leuen right nowe ?" " Leving, vide lightning." GOULDM.
3 The verb to leve is used in this sense by R. Glouc. p. 30 ; it occurs repeatedly in
the Vision of P. Ploughman. See also Chaucer, Tale of Melib.; Gower, Conf. Am. iii.
Ang.-Sax. lyfan, concedere, leafnes, venia.
4 Clergy, as it has been remarked in the note, p. 81, signifies erudition, precisely
according to the sense of the French clergie ; and the word is thus to be understood in
the term " benefit of clergy." Se.e Barrington's observations on statute 4 Hen. VII.
The use of the word in this acceptation is, however, a striking evidence of the general
ignorance that prevailed amongst all classes, churchmen alone excepted, so that the
community might be classed under two great divisions, clerks and " levvede," R. Glouc.
p. 471 ; or " lered and lewed," R. Brunne, p. 8. It is needless to cite instances of
the frequent use of the word lewd in its primitive signification by the old writers.
Ang.-Sax. laewd, lewed, luAcus. " Lewdo, ayraniatus , illiteratus, faicus, mecanicus.
302
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOREM.
(vnknowynge, P.) Insciencia,
ignorancia.
LEWKE, not fully hote.1 Tepidus.
LEWKENESSE. Tepor.
LEWTE, cuppe.2 Culusus, COMM.
LEWTE, pot or vessel of mesure.
Fidelia, CATH.
LEWTE, or lytylle feythe. Fide-
cula, CATH.
LETHY, or weyke (or screte,
infra; leyth, s )3 Flexibilis.
LYARE, or gabbare. Mendax,
mendosus.
LYBERALLE, or fre in yevynge
(gyuynge, P.) Liberalis, mu-
nijicus.
LYBERALYTE, or frenes of herte.
Liberalitas.
LYCHE, dede body.4 Fwnus, ga-
bares, c. F. et UG. in Gabriel
dicit gabaren, vel gabbaren.
LYOHE, lady or lorde (lysch to
Vnlettyrde, libi lewde." CATH. ANG. " Leude of condycions, maluays, villayn, maul-
graneux. Leude worde, entresayn. Leude frere, lourdican." PALSG. Herman says,
" I am not so leude (adeo sum iners] but I knowe or spye what thou goest about.
This matter is utterly marred by thy leudnes (ignavia.) I make as though I sawe nat
thy leude paiantis (conniveo tuis ineptiis). Here is leude or naughty wyne (ilfaidatum
vel spurcum.)
1 " Lewke, tepidus. To make lewke, tepifacere. To be lewke, tepere." CATH.
ANG. " Leuke warme, or blodde warmc, tiede." PALSG. Ang.-Sax, wlac, tepidus.
2 Culusus is given only in the Harl. and Winch. MSS. The word is not noticed by
Ducange, and possibly is erroneously written for culullus, which, according to Papias, is
calix fictilis. " Fidelia, olla vel 'ciphus, or a cherne." MED. Ang.-Sax. \tiS, pocuium.
3 " Lentus, slowe and febulle, or lethy, moyste." BJED. MS. CANT. " Lentesco, to
waxe slowe or lethy, i. tardum esse." ORTUS. Nich. Munshull also gives in his verlale,
Harl. MS. 1002, f. 131, " lentesco, to wex lethy." " Lethi " occurs in the Vision of
P. Ploughm. 5979, and is explained by Mr. Wright as signifying hateful, but its precise
meaning is not obvious. In a Treatise on Obstetrics, of the later part of XVth cent.
Add. MS. 12,195, particular instructions are given " at what age a maydyn may vse of
drwrery," and it sets forth the evils arising from the anticipation of the age of puberty,
" for trewly and sche vs bat deduyt or bat tyme, on of bes iij. thynges, or elles alle schalle
falle to her: owder sche xalle be baren, or her brethe schalle haf an yll savore, or sche
xalle be to lythy, or lauy of her. body to ober ban to here hosbonde ; but for be ij. fyrst 36
xalle fynde medysignus here after, and be iij. is vnne curabylle." " Lethe, delyuer of
ones lymmes, souple." PALSG. Lathy is given by Moore as a Suffolk epithet, signifying
thin in person. Ang.-Sax. lift, tener. Compare LYTHE, hereafter.
4 Leik, Havelok, 2793, and liche, Vision of P. Ploughm. signify a living body, as in
line 5599, where Dame Studie is described as " lene of lere, and of liche both :" it is so
used likewise in K. Alis. 3482. This is perfectly in accordance with the signification of
the Ang.-Sax. etymon lice, corpus, a body, either living or dead. The latter seems,
however, to have been the more usual sense of the word. Chaucer, in the Knight's
Tale, 2960, speaks of the "liche- wake" at the burning of the corpse of Arcite. In
the North the custom of watching the corpse, termed lyke-wake, is not entirely laid
aside: see Brockett, v. Lake-wake, and Jamieson, v. Lyk-waik. It is by corruption
termed late- wake ; Pennant, Tour in Scotl. i. 112. The term is evidently derived from
Ang.-Sax. lie, cadaver, and waecce, vigilia. A full account of the usages and abuses
customary on these occasions will be found in Brand's Popular Antiqu. and Ducange,
v.Vigilice. In the Invent, taken 1421, church of St. John Baptist, Glastonbury, printed
by Warner, are mentioned " iij. lyche bells ;" in the Invent, of St. Dunstan's Can-
terbury, 1500, termed " bella for ruortuarys." G. Mag. vol. viii. N.S. In the ordinance
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
303
lady or lorde, s.)1 Ligius (do-
minus ligius, F.)
LYCHE,manorwomann. (Ligius, P.)
LYCORYCE (or lycuryce, P.) Li-
quericia, c. F. (lingricia, licori-
cia, P.)
LYCURE (lycowre, s.) Liquor.
LYCURE, or brothe of fysche, and
oj?er lyke. Liquamen, CATH. C.F.
LYDE, wesselle hyllynge (lyde, or
lede, P.) Operculum.
LYDER, or wyly (liyire, or wily, K.
lydyr, H. ledyr, s. lydir, p.)2
Cautus, et alia infra in WYLY
(cautulosus. P.)
LYDRON, or lyderon (lydrun, or
lyderyn, H. p. lyderon, or lydron,
8.)3 Lidorus. Hec quedam glosa
super correctione Eiblie.
LYE, supra in LEYE.
LYE, or lyes of wyne (lyje, s. p.)
Lia, c. F, tartarum, c. F.
LYFE. Vita.
LYYF, hooly. Devotus, sanctus.
LYFTYN'. Levo.
LYFTYN' VP. Sublevo, pendo,
CATH.
(LYGGYN, infra in LYYN.)
LYTHE, idem quod LYM (or
membre), infra*
of Abp. Peckham, 1280, which sets forth the articles to be provided by the parishioners,
these bells are designated as " camjmnce manuales pro mortuis." Wilk. Cone. ii. 49. Of
the local use of the term lich-gate, signifying the outer gate of the cemetery, beneath
which the corpse is placed, whilst awaiting the officiating minister, see the Glossary of
Architecture, Cheshire and Shropshire Glossaries. In the West, the path by which the
corpse is carried to the grave is known as the leach-way; in Cheshire it is called the lich-
road. Coies gives "lich fowles, carcass bird, scritch-owls, night-ravens."
1 The term liege is commonly used by the old writers in the two-fold sense which is
here given to it, denoting both the chief and the subject, as bound by the ligantia, or
bond whereby they were reciprocally connected. Palsgrave gives only " Lege lorde,
souerayn, liege." See Spelman and Ducange, v. Ligius.
2 LEDER, MS. Lither, or liclder, has in the North the signification of idle or sluggish.
In the Vis. of P. Ploughman the expression " luther sleuthe " occurs ; and " lithere " in
King Estmere. One of the evils of the times enumerated in the curious lines, Roy. MS.
7 A. VI. f. 38, b. is that " Lex is layde, and lethyrly lukes." Tusser speaks of the un-
profitableness of the " litherly lubber." Lyndsay uses the word " lidder " in the sense of
backward or shy, which approaches more nearly to that assigned to it in the Promptorium.
" Desidieux, idle, lazie, lither, slouthfull. Ignave, lazy, lither," &c. COTG. " Lither,
fingard, festard, faineant, nice, oisif, paresseux." SHREW. See Brockett, v. Lither, and
Jamieson, v. Lidder.
3 In the description of the march of Alexander's army the poet describes the various
classes of which the host was composed, high and low, knight and knave,
" Mony baroun, ful wel y-thewed,
Mony ledron, mony schrewe.'' K. Alis. 3210.
Weber explains the word ledron as signifying here a leper, or a mean person. Skelton
uses the word, in the poem entitled Slaunder, and false detractions.
" But my learning is of an other degree,
To taunt theim like lyddrons, lewde as they be."
" Laideron, somewhat ugly, pretty and foule." COTG. It must, however, be observed
that as lidorus has not been found in the Latin glossarists, it cannot be asserted positively
that LY.DRON is to be taken in this sense in the Promptorium.
4 The term " lithes," occurring in Havelok, 2163, is explained by Sir F. Madden as
304
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LYTHE fro lythe, or lym fro lym.
Membratim.
LYGHTE, or bryghtnesse (liht of
brytnes, K. lythj, H. light, P.)
Lux, lumen.
LYGHTE, or wyghte (liht of wyhte.
K. light of weight or mesure, p.)1
Levis.
LYGHT of knowynge, or werkynge.
Facilis.
LYGHTE, or }>at bynge bat yevythe
lyghte, as sunne, and candel, and
ober lyke. Luminare.
LYGHTE FOOTE (liht fotyd, K.)
Levipes, UG. in alo, alipes, c. F.
acupedius, TIG. in acuo.
LYGHTE HANDYD. Manulevis,
alicirus.
LYGHT HERTYD. Letifer.
LYGHTE YN', or kyndelyn' fyyr or
candelys (or lyjtnyn candelys, or
odyr lyhtys, s.) Accendo.
LYGHTYN chargys or byrdenys (or
wyhtys, K. wettys, s:) Deonero.
LYGHTEYN', or make wyghtys
more esy (lightyn burdens, heuy
weightis, P.) Allevio.
LYGHTELY, or sone. Leviter.
LYGHTLY, or esyly. Faciliter.
LYGHTENYN', or lenenyn' (lithnyn,
as levyn, K. lyhtyn, s.) Co-
9-uscat, fulmino.
LYGHT(E)XYNGE (or leuene, P.)
Contscacio, fulgur, fulmen.
LYGHTESUM, or fulle of lyghte.
Lujninosus.
LYGHTESUM, or esy (lihtsum, K.)
Facilis.
LYGHTESUMNESSE, or esynesse.
Facilitas.
LYGHTESUMNESSE, of bryghte-
nes (or lyht, s.) Luminositas.
LYYN, or lyggyn (lyin, or ligyn,
K.) Jaceo, CATH.
LYNN'YN, or yn chylde bedde (Hyn
in of childe in childe bed, p.)
Decubo, c. F.
LYYN, or make a lesynge (lyjyn,
or gabbyn. H.) Mentior.
LYKE. Hoc instar.
LYKE, in lykenesse. Similis.
LYKDYSSHE. Scurra, c. F. et
CATH. papas, UG. in popa.
LYKEROWSE. Ambroninus, de-
licatus, deliciosus.
LYKEROWSNESSE. Delicacia.
LYKYN' or haue lyste (or plesyn,
K. P. lykyn or lystyn, s.) De-
lector.
LYKYNGE, or luste (lyste, s.)
Delectacio.
LYKYNGE, or lusty, or craske.
Delicativus, crassus (delecta-
tivus, s.)
signifying the toes, the extremes articulations. In the Grene Knight, 56, the expression
" wounded both lim and lighth" is found ; and in Syr Gawene and the Carle, 190, " lyme
and lythe." The usher of King Arthur's court is described as repulsing Sir Cleges with
these discourteous words,
" I schall the bette e.uery leth,
Hede and body, wythout greth,
Yf thou make more pressynge." Sir Cleges, 292.
See also Cant. Tales, 14,881 ; Townel. Myst. 327 ; and the citations given by Jamieson.
Ang.-Sax. lift, artus. " Oute of lythe, dislocates, luxm." CATH. ANG. It should be
noticed that the order of the Harl. MS. has been here left unaltered ; possibly the word
was written by the first hand LYGHTE, as would appear by the alphabetical arrangement.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
305
LYKENARE, or he bat lykenythe.
Assimilator, assimilatrix.
LYKENESSE. Similitude, effigies,
assimilacio, instar, CATH.
LYKENESSE, fygure, or forme (fi-
gure off forme, s.) Figura,
forma.
LYKENYD. Assimilatus.
LYKNYN'. Similo, assimilo.
(LYKNYNGE, s. Assimilacio.)
LYKKARE, or he bat lykkythe.
Lecator, UG. (lambitor, p.)
LYKKYN, as beestys wythe tongys.
Lingo, CATH.
LYKKY(N)GE of howndys, or oj>er
beestys. Lictus, licacio, vel lica-
citas : hec omnia UG. in lingo.
LYKPOT fyngyr.1 Index.
LYLY, herbe. Lilium.
LYM, or membre (or lythe, supra.)
Membrum.
LYME, or mortare. Calx.
LYME, to take wythe byrdys.
Viscus.
LYME JERDE. Viminarium, COMM.
viscarium (virga viscilenta, s.)
LYMYN wythe bryd lyme. Visco.
LYME wythe lyme, idem quod
WHYTON wythe lyme, infra in
W.2 (lymyn or whytlymyn, K.
qhythlymyn, H. qwytyn, s.)
(LYMOWS, supra in GLEYMOWS.
Limosus, viscosus, glutinosus.)
LYNCENT, werkynge instrument
for sylke women (lyncet, a
werkynge stole, K. H. p.)3 Li-
niarium, KYLW.
LYYNDE, tre. Tilia, c. F.
LYNE, or rope. Corda, funiculus
(cordula, p.)
LY(N)GE of the hethe (lynge, or
hethe, K.)4 Bruera, vel brueria,
c. F. mirica, secundum multos,
et timus secundum extraneos
altellos (aliarum terrarum, p.)
LYYNGE, or gabby nge. Mendacium.
LYYNGE, or lyggynge. Jacencia.
LYYNGE YN, of chylde bedde.
Decubie, c. F.
LYNE, or lynye. Linea.
LYNE AGE, or awncetrye. Effe-
mum, c. F. (escenium, s.)
In the other MSS. as likewise in the printed editions, this and the succeeding nouns
and adjectives, as far as LYGHTESUMNESSE, or bryghtenesse, are placed differently, being
found after LYSTLES-HEDE, as if written LYTHE, &c. In all the MSS. and the printed
editions the verbs are placed between LYSPTN and LYVYN, as if written LYTENYN,
LYTVN, &c.
1 " A lykpotte, index, demonstrativus.^ CATH. ANG.
1 — idem quod whyly, infra in M. MS. See WHYTON wythe lyme. Calcifico, decalceo.
3 This word may perhaps be read LYNCEUT. An entry occurs in the Household Book
of Sir John Howard, 1465, "for a lynset, viij.eZ." p. 483. " Licia, be thredes, whych
sylk women do weaue in lyncelles or stooles." ELYOT.
4 Compare HETHE, or lynge, fowaly, p. 238. This name of the Calluna vulyaris, Linn,
occurs in the Tale of Robin Hood, Hartsh. Metr. T. 189. It is still retained in the North,
according to Brockett; but Jamieson states that in Scotland various species of grass grow-
ing in mossy ground are called ling. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 23 b. it is said that " in AVilte-
shire ncre Shaftesbery, is an heth j?at growef> ful of >at (Junipere femel) and of lynk, and
J?e lynk is heyere >an J>at, and is faste by an heyh wey." " Erica, Irya silvestris, sweete-
broome, heath, or linge " Junius, by Higins. Skinner gives ling as the common appel-
lation of heath in Lincolnshire. Moore says that in Suffolk it signifies the turf of heath or
huiithcr. Dan. lyng; Isl. ling,ft'(ttex, species ericce.
CAMD. SOC. 2 R
PROMPTORIUM PAHVULORUM.
LYNYD, as clothys. Duplicatus,
li nia his, garnitus.
LYNYN clothys. Duplo, duplico.
LYNYNGE of clothe. Deploys
(duplicatura, p.)
LYNYNE clothe, or cloj?e of flax.
Linens.
LYNYOLF, or inniolf, threde to
sow wythe schone or botys
(lynolf, H. P. to sew wyth shon',
or bokys, s.)1 Indula, c. F. lici-
nium, Dice, et KYLW.
LYNKE, or sawcistre.2 Hilla,
hirna, c. F. utmmque UG. in
hirquus, salcia, UG. ibidem.
LYNT, schauynge of lynen clothe.
Carpea, secundum sururgicos
et c. F.
LYONE (or lyvn', s.) Leo.
LYONESSE. Leonissa (vel lea, s.)
LYOWRE, to bynde wythe precyows
clothys.3 Ligatorium, redimi-
culum, CATH. et c. F. (vitta, p.)
LYPPE. Labium, labrum ; et
nota quod labium est hominis,
et labrum vasis : hec UG. v.
in L.
LYQUYDE, or moyste. Liquidus,
liquus, c. F.
LYSPARE. Blesus, blesa, sibilus,
sibila, CATH.
LYSPYN yn speche. Sibilo.
(LYSPYNGE, K. s. p. Sibilatus, ble-
sura, CATH.
LYST, or lykynge (or talent,
infra.} Delectacio.
1 Lignioul, or lignel, signifies, according to Roquefort, the strong thread used by shoe-
makers or saddlers. " Lignoul, ligneul, shoemaker's thread, or a tatching end." COTG.
Brockett gives liniel as a word still in use in the North. Compare Lingan and Lingel,
which have the like meaning; Jamieson. " Lyngell that souters sowe with, chefgros,
lignier. Lynger to sowe with, poulcier. ," PALSG. This term denotes also a thong or strap.
" Linyula, a lachet or lingell, Cohum, a thonge or lyngell, wherwith the oxe-bowe and
the yoke are bounden together." ELYOT. "A lingel, lingula, liyula." GOULDM. See
Nares.
2 Forhy gives " link, a sausage; we call two together a latch of links. In some counties
a far more correct expression is used, a link of sausages." Links have the same meaning
in Suffolk, and Ray speaks of black-puddings, or links, as a term used in the South. See
Rops, North C. words. " Andouille, a linke, or chitterling; a big hogs-gut stuffed with
small guts, cut into small pieces, and seasoned with pepper and salt. Friquenelles, slender
and small chitterlings, or linkes." COTG.
3 Compare FRENGE, or lyowre. Tenia. In the third book of the Boke of Curtasye, de
Officiar Us in curiis dominorum, it is said that the yarcioiies, or grooms, were to make pallet
beds, and beds for lords,
" That henget shalle be with hole sylour,
With crochettes and loupys sett on lyour." Sloane MS. 1986.
That is, with hooks and eyes sown to the binding of the bed-furniture. In the Household
Book of Sir John Howard payments appear, in 1465, to " the bedmaker at London for
x.li. lyere for the grete costere, v.s." for canvas, and making the " costeres." Househ.
Exp. in England, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 486 In the
Wardrobe accounts of Edw. IV. edited by Sir H. Nicolas, a delivery appears in 1480, for
the office of the beds, of 551b. " corde, and Hour for liring and lowping" of certain hang-
ings of arras. See further in the Indexes to those accounts, and the Privy Purse Expenses
ofEliz. of York, 1503.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
307
LYST, or fre wylle. Arbitrium,
libitum.
LYSTARE, clothe dyynge (or ly-
taster of cloj? dyyrige, s. lytstar,
p.)1 Tinctor.
LYYST of clothe. Forago, CATH.
LYYST, or lysure. Strophium
(CATH. s.)
LYYSTE, lysure, or schrede, or
chyppyngys, what so euer hyt
be. Presegmen, c. F.
LYSTY (or lusty, infra.} Delec-
tabilis.
(LYSTYLY, infra in LUSTYLY.)
LYYSTERRE (lystyr, H. lystore,
s. listyr, p.)2 Lector (delec-
tor, s.)
LYSTYN, or herkyn1. Asculto.
(LYSTYN, or lykyn, supra in
LYKYN, 8.)
LYSTLES. Desidiosus, segnis.
LYSTLES-HEDE. Segnicies, de-
sidia, CATH. pigricia.
(LYSURE, supra in LYST. s,)3
LYTERE of a bed.4 Stratus, stra-
torium, c. F.
LYTERE, or strowynge of horse,
and other beestys. Stramentwn,
subsisternium.
LYTERE, or forthe brynggynge of
beestys. Fetus, fetura, c. F.
(LiTH, liht, lihtnynge, lihtsum,
lihtsumnesse, &c. K. H. s. P. vide
supra.)5
1 " Tinctor, a litster, or heuster." MED. Sir Thomas Phillipps' MS. " Tinctor, tine-
trix, a lyster." ORTUS. " A littester, tinctor, tinctrix." CATH. ANG. Walsingham
relates that the Commons made a rising in the Eastern Counties, in 1380, at the
time of Jack Straw's rebellion, their leader in Norfolk being " quodam tinctore de
Nowcico, cujus nomen erat Johannes Littestere," who ' called himself King of the
Commons, and was beheaded by the Bp. of Norwich : ed. Camd. 263. In the Paston
Letters, iii. 424, mention occurs of another Norwich " lyster." The word occurs also
in the Towneley Mysteries. At Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, the
continuation of Broad Street, otherwise Websters' Row, is called Lister Gate Street. See
Jamieson.
2 The reader, who occupied the second place in the holy orders of the Church, is
probably here intended. In the Vision of P. Ploughman mention is made of "lymi-
tours and listres," 2747. Mr. Wright, however, supposes that the word signifies
deceivers.
3 The term " liser " occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman, 2891 , in connection with
the " drapiers," or weavers of cloth. " Lisiere, the list of cloth, or of stuffe ; the
edge, or hem of a garment." coxo. Palsgrave gives also " Lyste of clothe, lisiere.
I lyste a garment, or border it rounde aboute with a lyst, ie bende d'une lisiere. I
haue lysted my cote within to make it laste better, am nat I a good housebande ? Lyste
on a horse backe, raye. Lyste of the eare, mol de 1'oraylle."" Compare SCHREDE, and
STEMYNE, or stodul, or stothe yn a webbyshonde (in a webbys eend, s.) Forago
4 The process of making " litere " for beds is set forth in the chapter on the duties
of the grooms, " garcionuin,.^ Sloane MS. 1986. Boke of Curtasye, edit. Halliwell,
p. 19.
5 In the other MSS. the words from LYTHE to LYGHTESUMNESSE, given above, pp. 303,
304, are placed here. They are not, however, in all cases written in conformity with
this position in the alphabetical arrangement, being mostly in the King's Coif. MS.
written Liht, Lihtsum, &c.; in Sir Thos. Phillipps' MS. Lythj, or bryghtnessc, <Vc. ;
and in the Winch. MS. Lyth, Ly3th, Lyhth, Lyhtsum. These irregularities are to be attri-
buted to the second hand, who, writing by car, vitiated the spelling of the original MS.
308
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LYTYL, or sumwhatt. Parum,
modicum, adv.
LYTYLLE, not grete yn quantite.
ParvuSj modicus (paucus, P.)
LYTYLLE BETTER. Meliusculus.
LYTYLLE CHYLDE. Puerulus,
pusius, CATH. parvulus, pusio,
pusillus, c. F.
LYTYL FEYTHE (or lewte, supra;
litil feyjt. K. lytyll in feyth, p.)
Fidecula, CATH.
LYTYLLE LYARE. Mendaculus,
CATH. mendacula.
(LYTYLL MAYDEN, p. Puella.)
LYTYLLE MANN. Homuncio, ho-
mullus, homunculus.
LYTYLLE MANN, or dwerfe (litil -
man or dwarw, K. dwerwe, H. s.
dwerue, P.) Nanus, c. F. ses-
silluSj CATH.
LYTYLLE THYNGE. Eecula.
LYTYN' clothys (littyn, K. p. lytyn,
or lete, s.)1 Tingo.
LYTYN', or longe taryyii'.2 Moror.
LYTYNGE of clothe (littinge, K. P.)
Tinctura.
LYTYNGE, or longe taryynge.
Mora, morositas.
(LYTSTARE, supra in LISTARE, s.)
LYVELY, or qwyk, or fulle of lyyf
(liyfly, ful of liyf, K. Vivux.
LYVELY, or qwykly (liyfly, K.)
Vivaciter.
LEVELYHEEDE, or qwyknesse (liyf-
lines, K.) Vivacitas.
LYVELODE, or lyfhode (liyflode,
K.)3 Victus.
LYFLODE, or warysome (liyflode,
K. lyuelode, H. p.)4 Donati-
vum.
LYVEREY of clothe, or o]?er jyftys.5
Liberata (liberatura, p.)
1 "Tingo, to dye, to coloure, or to lytte." MED. "To litte, colorare, inftcere,
tingere, tinctare. A littynge, tinctura" CATH. ANG. Ray gives "to lit, to colour
or dye: a linendo, sup. litum." N. Country words. It is also given by Jaraieson, but
is not noticed by Brockett, or the other Northern Glossarists. Isl. lita, tingere.
2 In the Vis. of P. P. 12,067, the good Samaritan is described as hastily quitting the
dreamer, saying, "I may no lenger lette." See also 11,524. A. -Sax. latian, tardare.
8 — lyshode, MS.
4 Compare WARYSON. Donativum, possessio. The term here implies a pension for
services ; a largess in money or grain ; a dole given to veteran soldiers. " Dona-
tivum, yifte of knyghte. Emericio est liberacio ab officio cum remuneracione, a ware-
sone." MED.
5 A livery denoted whatever was dispensed by the lord to his officials or domestics
annually, or at certain seasons; whether money, victuals, or garments. Even in the
Saxon times there appears to have been a distribution of this nature, the Safol-hwitel,
saga vectigalis, of the Laws of Ina, which was, as Spelman observes, a kind of livery.
The term chiefly denoted external marks of distinction, such as the roba estivalis, and
hiema,lis, given to the officers'" and retainers of the Court, as appears by the Wardrobe
Book, 28 Edw. I. p. 310, and the Household Ordinances. The practice of distributing
such tokens of general adherence to the service or interests of the individual who
granted them, for the maintenance of any private quarrel, was carried to an injurious
extent during the reigns of Edw. III. and Rich. II. and was forbidden by several
statutes, which allowed liveries to be borne only by menials, or the members of gilds,
&c. See Stat. of Realm, ii. pp. 3, 74, 93, 156, 167. The " liveree des chaperons,"
often mentioned in these documents, was an hood or tippet, which, being of a colour
strongly contrasted to that of the garment, was a kind of livery much in fashion, and
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORTTM. 309
Corrodium, UG. v.
LYVYN', or havyn' lyyf. Vivo,
degot CATH.
LYVYR, wythe-yn beestys body
(lyuyr or leuyr, p.) Epar.
LYVYR WORTE, herbe. Epatica.
well adapted to serve ag a distinctive mark. This, in later times, assumed the form of
a round cap, to which was appended the long liripipium, which might be rolled around
the head, but more commonly was worn hanging over the arm, and vestiges of it may
still be traced in the dress of civic livery-men. The statute 7 Henry IV. expressly per-
mits the adoption of such distinctive dress by fraternities, and " les gentz de mestere^
the trades of the cities of the realm, being ordained with good intent ; and to this pre-
valent usage Chaucer alludes where he describes five artificers of various callings, who
joined the pilgrimage, clothed all " in o livere of a solempne and grete fraternite."
Prol. v. 365. By the same statute, lords, knights, and esquires were allowed, in time of
war, to distinguish their retainers by similar external marks, the prototypes of military
uniforms. In the metrical paraphrase of Vegecius, entitled " Of Knyghthode and
Batayle," Cott. MS. Titus, A. xxm. f. 22, it is said that ancient usage had ordained
three kinds of signs in an army, vocal, semivocal, as trumpet or clarion, and a third which
is noiseless,
" And mute it night, or dombe, as is dragoun,
Or th'egil, or th'ymage, or the penoun,
Baner, pensel, plesaunce. or tufte, or creste,
Or lyuereys on shilder, arm, or breste."
In this passage the collar is evidently one of the liveries to which allusion is made. It
was much in fashion at the time when the Promptoriurn was compiled. See COLLKB, or
lyuerey, p. 87 ; and the curious dissertations on collars of the royal livery, by Mr. J. Gr.
Nichols, Gent. Mag. 1842. Much information respecting external distinctions, as the
original of uniforms, will be found in the Traiti des marques nationales, by Beneton de
Peyrins. " A lyveray of clothe, liberata ; hie et hec liberatalis." CATH. ANG. " Lyueray
gyuen of a gentylman, linerle^ PALSG. See Douce's Illustr. of Shakesp. Taming of the
Shrew, Act IV.
1 " Corrodium, a lyuerey in a abbaye." MED. Harl. MS. 2257. " A lyveray of mete,
corr odium" CATH. ANG. Conredium, corredum, or corrodium, implied generally an
alimony or allowance, " prcelenda monachi vel canonici." DUCA.NGE. Thus in the
Custumal of Evesham it is directed that for a whole year after the decease of an abbot
or monk, his entire " conredium " should be allowed, to be given to the poor, for the
good of his soul." Mon. Ang. i. 149. The term " livrere— liueray " occurs in this
sense of a daily pittance for food, Amis and Amiloun, 1640, 1659 ; in the Household
Ordinances the daily allowance of meat and drink received by each individual is com-
monly termed his livery, and the livery cupboard was the buffet appointed in apart-
ments of greater state to receive this provision at certain times. The term corrody
implied also more particularly a kind of pension, either for life or in reversion, with
which a monastery was charged, granted by the founder to a kinsman or retainer, or by
the house for service rendered, or some valuable consideration. The Sovereign instituted
corrodies in favour of royal dependants, and Spelman observes that 119 monasteries,
charged with one, and in some cases two such corrodies, were, as it may thence be
supposed, of royal foundation. The injurious practice by heads of monasteries, who
made traffic in such pensions for their own advantage, was restricted by the Constitutions
of the Legate Othoboni, in 1267, which forbade them to sell and charge their estab-
lishments with " liberations sen corrodia," especially when granted in perpetuity. See
further the notes of Joh. de Athona, Constit. Legatin. p. 150, ed. 1679 , and Ducange,
v, Conredium.
310
PROMPTOIIIUM PARVULORUM.
LYYE, or lythe, stylle and softe
(lype, stille, K. light, p.)i Tran-
quillus.
LYTHE, and softe yn felynge.
Mollis, lenis, cum n. non cum
v. Anglice, smothe.
LYTHE, wythe-owte wynde, and
calme (lyve, or lytlie, s.) Cal-
mus, c. F.
LYYE, or lythe, and calme wedyr.
Malacia, c. F.
(LYTHE, and not sharp in taste,
s. Suavis.}
LOBURYOKE, Make or wyglite
snayle. Limax.
LOCE, or loos, vnbowndyn'. So-
lutus.
LOCHE, or leche, fysche.2 Fun-
duluSj o. F.
LOCCHESTER, wyrm, idem quod
LOKEDORE, infra (loccester, or
lokcester, s.)3
LOODE, or caryage. Vectura.
LocYSMANNE.4 Vector, lator,
vehicularius.
LOOF of brede. Panis.
1 The different significations of the word LYTHE here given are to be deduced from the
Ang.-Sax. lift, tener, mitis. As applied to the elements it occurs in Emare.
" The wynde stode as her lust wore,
The wether was lythe on le." 833 ; Ritson, Metr. R. ii.
In the Seuyn Sages, 2517, when the caldron, which was discovered boiling with seven
" walmes,'' had been stilled by the directions of Merlin, it is said that the water " bicom
faire and lithe." In the sense of soft to the touch lythe is used by Chaucer, Drearn, 953 ;
House of Fame, i. 119. " Lyjth, or sotylle, agilis, lems, efficax,^ Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 O.
xvii. " Lethe, delyuer of ones lymmes, souple. Lythenesse, delyuernesse, souplesse."
PALSG. " Mol, soft, supple, tender, lithe, limber." COTG. Bishop Kennett gives lithe
as used in the North in the sense of soft or flexible ; see likewise the Craven Dialect,
and Jamieson. The compound word lith-wake is also used there ; Ang.-Sax. liftewac ;
Gloss, JElfr. Jul. A. ii. Bishop Kennett cites Davies' Rites of Durham, 105, where it is
related that the body of St. Cuthbert was found uncorrupted, flexible, and " leath-wake ;"
and remarks " potius lith-wake, a Sax. li'S, memlrum, et wace, ftexibilis. A lith-wake
man, a clever, nimble fellow. Durham." Lansdowne Manuscript, 1033. Compare the
Craven Dialect. " Lith \vayke, flexibilis." CATH. ANG. The word occurs in the Hymn
to the Holy Ghost, by W. Herebert, a manuscript in the possession of Sir Thomas
Phillipps.
"Ther oure body is leothe-wok, jyf strengthe vrom aboue." Rel. Ant. i. 229.
The verb to lithen, Ang.-Sax. li'Sian, lenire, is used by Chaucer, Troil. iv. 754 ; in
Arund. MS. 42, f. 42, b. one of the virtues of bardana is stated to be that " it lyj>yn
nayles, J>at ben scabbe and sore; " and of " squylle — if it ben etyn with hony, it lythej>
wombe." f. 53, b.
2 " Alosa, i.fundulus, a loche." ORTUS. Colitis larlata, Linn. "Locke, the loach,
a small fish. Lochette, a groundling, or small bearded loach. Locker, to shog, shake,
shock, wag." COTG. It has been suggested that this fish may have been so named in allu-
sion to its singularly restless habits.
3 " Loche, the dew snaile, or snaile without a shell." COTG. Menage remarks, " peut-
etre cferuca. JEruca, ruca, luca, locke."
4 " Plaustrum, vekiculum duarum rotarum, a lode, or a wayne." ORTUS. The Lodes-
man seems to be here the carrier, Ang.-Sax. ladman, ductor. Compare the use of the
verb LEDE wythe a carte, p. 292. Possibly, however, the etymon hlad, onus, may be
PROMPTORIUH PARVULORUM.
311
LOOFT, or soler. Solarium.
LOGGE, or lytylle howse. Teyes,
CATH. casa (tcga, P.^)
LOGGE yn an hylle (lodge of a
wareyne, H. p.) Pergulum,
OATH. UG. in rege.
LOGGYN', or herberwyn', or ben
herbervyd (lodgyn or harbor-
owen. P.) Hospitor.
LOYTRON', or byn ydyl. Odor.
LOK of schyttynge, or sperynge.
Sera.
LOK of hey, or oj>er lyke. Vola.
LOK of here. Cincinnus, KYLW.
LOK of wulle. Floccus, UG. inflo.
LORE, sperynge of a dore or wyn-
dow (loke of sperynge, as dore
or wyndowe, K.)1 Valva.
LOKE, or palme of wulle. Palma.
LOKDORE, -wynne (or locchester,
supra.)12 Multipes, c. F. (et
UG. P.)
LOKE, or lokynge of J>e eye.
Visus, aspectus, inspeccio.
LOKERE. Cistella, cistula, cap-
cella, COMM.
LOKYN', or seeue. Video, respicio,
aspicio, intuor, contemplor.
LOKYN A-BOWTE. Circumspicio.
LOKYN YN a thynge. Inspicio.
LOKYNGE, idem quod LOKE, su-
pra.
LOKKYN', or schette wythe a lokke.
Sero.
LOKKYN', or barryn'. Obsero,
UG. in sereno.
LOKSMYTHE. Serefdber.
LoLLARDE.3 Lollardus, Lollarda.
preferred, as expressive of the burden conveyed by him. Lodesman generally signifies
the leader of a ship, — a pilot, as the term is used by Chaucer, Legend of Hipsiphile, and
by Grower. In the Wardrobe Book 28 Edward I. p. 273, a payment appears " pro vadiis
unius lodmanni conducti pro nave guianda" apparently bringing supplies to Karlaverok.
"Lodesman of a shippe, pilotte." PALSG. "Lodesman, a guide, perductor." GOULDM.
See Jamieson, v. Ledisman. In the statute 31 Edward III. c. 2, a fishing vessel is named,
termed a " lode ship."
1 An evident distinction is here made between LOKE, meaning apparently the leaf of
a door, or shutter, and lock of a door, in its ordinary sense. In both cases the term is
taken from Ang.-Sax. loc, claustrum, sera. In the Register of W. Curteys, Abbot of
Bury, now in the possession of Edin. Woodhouse, Esq. an Indenture is preserved, dated
1438, for the performance of certain carpenter's work in the chapel of St. John at Hille,
Bury, by John Heywod, of Ditton, Camb. in which the following clause occurs : " And
to eythir dore of the same chapel he shal do maken a louke of estriche borde competent."
It seems here to denote what is commonly called the wicket, or hatch of a door; valva
is rendered in the Medulla " a wyket ; " and this signification is more clearly defined in
the Ortus : " Valva est ostium, vel porta parva in majori existem." In the Promptorium
wicket is given as synonymous with a little window.
2 In the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. under Nomina vermium, f.
55, b, is given " Multipes, lugdorre." Jamieson states that the Lumbricm marinus, Linn,
a worm which is dug out of the sand, and used for bait, is called a lug. The name dor
denoted a beetle or chafer, but more properly a drone. Ang.-Sax. dorj,,fucus.
3 " Apostaticus, i. perversus, a renegate or a Lollarde. Hereticus, errans in fide,
an hcretyke, or Lollarde." ORTUS. " Lollar, heretique." The sect of Lollards appears
to have arisen in Germany as early as 1309, according to Hocsemius, and the rise
of Lollardy in this conntry during the reign of Richard II. was probably due to the
influence of his alliance with Anne of Bohemia. Knyghton states that the " Wycli-
viani, qui et Lollardi dicti sunt," flourished and increased about 1387 ; and gives a
812
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LOMBE, yonge schepe. Agnus,
agnellus.
LOOMB, or instrument (loombe, s.)
Utensile, instrumentum.
LOOME of webbarys crafte (of
webstare, K. p.) Telarium.
(LONCHE, supra in DUNCHE.1 So-
nitus, strepitus.}
LOND. Terra, tellus (so/wm, P.)
LONDYD, or indwyd wythe lond.
Terradotatus.
LONDE fro schyppe, and water.
Appello, CATH. applico, OATH.
LONDYD fro schyppe, and watur.
Applicitus, applicatus.
LONDYNGE fro schyppe, and watur.
Applicacio, CATH. in plico.
LOND IVYL, sekenesse (londe euyll,
p.)2 Epilencia.
LONE, or lendynge. Mut(u)acio,
accommodacio.
LONG, yn quantyte of bodyly
thyngys. Longus.
LONGE, yn doynge, or werkynge.
Prolixus.
LONGE, yn taryynge, or mevynge
(yn abydyng, K.) Morosus.
LONGE, yn tyme (or long tyme,
K.) Diutine, diu, diuturne.
LONGYN', or desyryii'. Desidero,
opto, affecto.
LONGYN', or belongyn to a thynge
(belongyn to a-nother, K. P.
been longyn, s.) Pertineo, con-
sto, CATH. attineo.
LONGYNGE, hertely desyry(n)ge
(hertely desyre, s.) Desiderium,
optacio, CATH.
LOYNE of flesche (lony, s.) Lum-
bus, elumbus, UG. v. in N. literd.
LORDE. Dominus, herus, kirius.
LORDLY. Dominativus.
LORDLY. Dominanter (domina-
tive. P.)
LORDLYNESSE. Dominacio, he-
rilitas.
LORDSCHYPPE. Dominium, pre-
dium, c. F. et BRIT.
(LORDSCHYPPYN, or been lorde,
s. Dominor.)
summary of their peculiar opinions. Ed. Twysden, col. 2706. The derivation of the
name has been much discussed; some with Chaucer, Lyndwode, and Fox tracing it to
lolium, as comparing them to the darnel among the wheat — others to the name of an
early promoter of the heresy. The suggestion, however, of Ducange, that it was taken
from Lollaerd, mvssitator, seems most reasonable. Gower speaks in his Prologue of " this
newe secte of Lollardye."
1 In the Harl. MS. this word seems to denote only a sudden or boisterous noise ; but
the King's Coll. MS. gives Dvnche, and Pynson's edition Dunchinge, or lunchinge, as
signifying tuncio, percussio. In Norfolk, according to Forby, to lunge signifies to lean
forward, to throw one's whole weight on anything, to thrust with full force, possibly from
the French allonger. Mr. Wilbraham gives lungeous, ill-tempered, disposed to do some
bodily harm by a blow or otherwise. Cheshire Glossary. See also Grose ; Herefordshire
and Shropshire Glossaries. A violent kick of a horse is termed a lunge. Dunsh, sig-
nifying a shove or punch, is a word used in Suffolk and North Britain. See Moore and
Jamieson. Compare Teut. donsen, pugno in dorso percutere ; Su. Goth, dunsa, impetu
et fragore procedere.
2 See FALLYNGE downe, or fallynge yvelle, p. 148. Epilepsy was termed likewise in
French le mal de terre, evidently because those afflicted therewith fell and rolled upon the
ground. " Caceria, mala vexacio, the londe yuelle.'' MED. MS. CANT. "J/aw de terre,
the falling sickness." COTG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 313
LOORE, techynge. Doctrinct, dog-
ma, instructio^ informacio.
LOREL or losel, or ludene, (lor-
dayne, s. lurdeyn, p.)
C. F.
LORYEL, or lorel tree (loryjer,
H. Iory3ell, p.) Laurus, CATH.
laurea, CATH.
Los, or lesynge. Perdicio.
Loos, or fame.2 Fama.
Loos, or bad name. Infamia.
(Loos, yn-bowndyn, supra in
LOCE, s.)
LOSANGE, or spancle (spangyl,
K. s. p.)3 Lorale, Dice.
LOSYN', or vnbyndyn.' Solvo.
1 Compare LURCARE, lurco; and see the note on LURDEYNE, p. 317. Verstegan defines
a losel to be " one that hath lost, neglected, or cast off his own good, and so is become
lewde, and careless of credit and honesty." Names of Contempt, p. 262. Lorel has been
derived from Ang.-Sax. leoran, as likewise losel from leosan, perdere. Both occur
repeatedly in the Vis. of P. Ploughman ; Chaucer, in his version of Boethius, B. i. ren-
ders " perdilissimum — lorell," and uses the word in the Wife of Bath's Prol. 5855, and
Plowman's Tale, ed. Speght, 1601, f. 91. See also Ly beaus disconus, 259, " lorell and
kaytyf." In Rich. C. de Lion, 1864, 1875, the French King speaks of the English as
cowards and " losards." In the Boke of Curtesy, t. Hen. VI. the you;h sitting at the
table of a great man is admonished thus :
" Ne spit not lorely for no kyn mede,
Before no mon of god, for drede." Sloane MS. 1986, p. 21.
Holinshed terms Wat Tyler " a naughtie and lewd lozzell." Chron. iii. 432. Skelton
uses the word " loselry," and both " lorrell " and " lozell" occur in Spenser, and
other later writers. " Lorrell or losell, fetart, loricart." PALSG. " Loricard, a
luske, lowt, lorell, slow-backe. Maschefouyn, a chuffe, bore, lobcock, lozell ; one that's
fitter to feed with cattle, then to converse with men. Vastibousier, a lusk, lubber,
loggarhead, lozell, hoiden, lobcock. Aujourd^huy Seigneur, demain singe ord, Prov.
To day a goodly lord, to morow an ouglie lozell." COTG. " Lorel, or lossel, i. clown;
also fraudulent." GOULDM.
2 Tooke considers this word as derived evidently from the past part, of Ang.-Sax.
hlisan, celebrare : it is, however, more probable that it was taken from the French, los,
toz, which seems to be always used in a good sense, whereas the English word signifies
either praise or dispraise, — renown on account of vice, as well as of virtue. In the
sense of praise it occurs, R. Glouc. p. 189; R. Brunne, p. 25; Vis. of P. Ploughm. 7164;
Cant. T. 16,836; Grower, Conf. Am. In the Tale of Sir Gowghter, 186, it is said
that, in consequence of his outrageous and sacrilegious acts, " his lose sprong ful
wide; " see also the tale of the King of Calabria, Seuyn Sages, 1586 ; and Ritson, Met.
Rom. ii. 2. Sir John Maundevile uses the word in the like secondary sense, " 30
schulle undirstonde that in that time there weren iij. Herodes of gret name and loos
for here crueltee." Voiage, 108. Chaucer uses the expression " name of badde loos,"
Test, of Love, i. 278. " Defamo, to mislose. Fama, a loos. In/amia, wikkud loos.
Infamis, losud." MED. " Fama, good lose, or fame." ORTUS. Compare FAME, or loos
of name, p. 148.
3 Compare SPANGLE, or losangle (sic). Lorale. In the Ortus Lorale is rendered " a
lorayne, a brydell," but lomm implies any strap or band of leather; and as at the
period when the Promptorium was compiled the fashion of attaching pendant ornaments
to the girdle and the baldrick, the reins and the trappings of horses, was singularly pre-
valent, it may perhaps be concluded that LOSANGE, or spangle, here denotes these deco-
rations, which were occasionally, but not invariably, of a lozenge form.
CAMD. SOC. 2 S
314
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Lo8Y?J', or slakyfi. Laxo, relaxo.
LOT. Sors.
LOTHE, or vnwylly. Involunta-
riuSj inspontaneus.
(LOTHELY, onwilli, K. H. vnwilly,
p. Involuntarie.}
LOTHLY. Abhominabilis.
LOTHSUM, idem quod LOTHLY.
Low, or lowe. Profundus.
Low, or ny foe grownde. Bassus.
LOVEACHE, herbe. Levisticus.
LOVARE. Amator, dilector, ama-
trix, dilectrix.
LOWCE, wyrme. Pediculus, sex-
cupes, c. F. et CATH.
(Lowsi, K. Pediculosus.)
LOWDE yn voyce, or noyze. Altus.
LOWDE, or yn lowde maner. Alte.
LOWDENESSE. Altitudo.
LOVE. Amor, dilectio.
LOVELY, or able to be lovyd.
Amabilis, diligibilis.
LOVELY, or yn lovely vyse (or
frendly, s.) Amicabiliter.
(or love, s.) Amo, diligo.
LOWE, or softe yn voyce (or sty 11
in voyce, P.) Submissus.
(LowE, or meke, H. s. Humilis.)
(LowE, or ny the drestis, H. p.
dressys, or lyys, s.)1 Bassus.
Low of fyyr (or leem, supra, or
steem, infra ; lowre, s.)1 Flam-
ma.
LOWELY, or softe yn voyce. Sub-
misse.
LOWELY, or mekely. Humiliter.
LOUELY, or semely. Decens.
LOWNESSE, or mekenesse. Hu-
militas.
LOWNESSE, and goodnesse in
speche (goodlynesse, K. s. P.)
A/abilitas.
LOWNESSE, or depnesse (with
owtyn heythe, K. H.) Pro-
funditas.
LOWNESSE, ny the grownde. Bas-
sitas.
LOWYSTE. Infimus.
(LovoN, and bedyn as chapmen,
s.2 Licitor, BRIT, in duntaxat.)
1 Flamma, \>Q leye of fuyr. Flammesco, to belewe. Flammiger, beringe lowe."
MED. " A lowe of fyre, flamma" CATH. ANQ. This word occurs, Awntyrs of Arthure,
vii. 5 ; it is written " leye " in the Vis. of P. Ploughman, lines 11,783, 11,921. Gower
uses " loweth,1' signifying kindleth. In the Dialect of the North a blaze is called a lowe,
and the verb to low, or flame, is still in use. See Craven Dial.; Brockett, and Jamieson.
Ray gives lowe as a N. country word, and laye as signifying in the South and East flame,
or the steam of charcoal, or any burnt coal. Compare Ang.-Sax. leg, Dan. lue, Germ.
liohe,flamma.
2 Brito observes that taxo signifies " licitari, imponere precium rei que venditur : —
ponitur pro licitari, quia licitatores in foro venalia consider antes dicunt, hoc valet
tantum."'' Summa Britonis, Add. MS. 10,350, f. 37. "To lowe, ubi to prase. To
prayse, preciari, appreciari, liceri, licitari.'1'' CATH. AN G. "Licitor, to sett pryce ; et
addere, vel diminuere precium rei. Licitacio, lykynge, or batynge, or bergeynynge."
MED. MS. CANT. " I alowe, or abate vpon a reckenyng, or accompte made, le aloue, le
abats — coniugate in I beate downe." PALSG. Bp. Kennett gives " to lothe. to offer in
sale, or allow a thing at such a price, as, Tie lothe it you for so much money ; Cheshire.
A.-S. la'Sian, invitare." Lansd. MS. 1033. Jamieson states that to low has the signifi-
cation of to higgle about a price ; according to the Craven Glossary it is used as an
abbreviation of to allow, to grant or give. In the Townl. Myst. p. 177, Pilate bargaining
with Judas to betray Jesus, says, " Nou, Judas, sen he shalbe sold, how lowfys thou
him?" Dutch, looven, Flem. loven, estimare.
PROMPTORIUM PARVUL011UM. 315
LOWYN, or mekyn' (or make
lowe, or meke, K. H. p.) Hu-
milio.
LOWYN, or make lowe to the
grownde (or botme, s.) Basso,
CATH.
LOWYN', or flamy n as fyyr.
Flammo.
LOWYN', or cryyn, or bellyn, as
nette. Mugio.
LOWYNGE, or lemynge of fyyr.
Flammacio.
LOWYNGE, or cryynge of nette.
Mugitus.
LOVEDAY. Sequestra, CATH. vel
dies sequestra.
LOVEDAY MAKERE.1 Sequester,
CATH.
LOVER of an howse.2 Lodium,
NECC. umbrex.
1 " Didtur sequester reconciliator, qui discordes pacificat, et qni certantibus medius
intervenitS &c. CATH. The terra loveday occurs in the Vis. of P. Ploughm. v. 3327,
5634; Cant. Tales, Prol. v. 261; Test, of Love, i. f. 274, ed. 1602; Cov. Myst.
p. 111. See also Rot. Parl. 13 Hen. IV., and Bracton, V. f. 369, where a day fixed for
an amicable settlement is termed " dies amoris." In the Paston Letters, V. 346, the
following passage is found : " My lord Skalys hath made a lofeday with the p'or and
Heydon, in alle materys except the matere of Snoryng," &c. "He is more redy to
make a fraye, than a loue daye." HORM. " Loueday to make frendes, appointement."
PALSG.
2 The received derivation of this term is that suggested by Minsheu, from the French
Vouverte, the open turret or lantern on the roof of an house which permitted the escape
of smoke. In the article on dialects in the Quart. Rev. Iv. 373, the Icelandic H6ri,
foramen pinnaculi domus, is proposed as an etymon ; the sort of cupola with a trap-
door which, in the Northern countries, serves the double purpose of a chimney and a
sky-light, is called in Norway liore, in W. Gothland liura. Lodium, a word unnoticed
by Ducange, who gives only lucanar in the same sense, is explained in the Ortus as
signifying " a louer ; dicitur de lux et do, quasi dans lucem." In the Latin-English
Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " Lodium lucare, impluviare, lowere ;" f. 27.
' ' Fumarium, a chymeney or a lovyre. Imlricium, a gotyre, or a lovyre." MED. MS.
CANT. In the edition of the Ortus in Mr. Wilbraham's library, lucanar is thus rendered,
" A sloghe, a potte, a louer." "A luvere, fuma^im, fumerale, lucar, lodium." CATH.
ANG. In a roll of purchases for works in the Royal palaces, 2 — 5 Edw. I. amongst the
miscellaneous records of the Queen's Remembrancer, the item occurs repeatedly, " pro
lordis acHouere cum corantis," &c. In the Treatise entitled Femina, MS. Trin. Coll.
Cant. B. 14, 40, it is said in the chapter ad edificandum domos, that it is fitting to make
a " good louer (lamueire) and wyndow :"
" Louer (amueire) and almarye (ameire} me hab,
At be louer fume gob out.
bat en Fraunce ys amueyre namede,
bat here louer ys apelyt, i. nominatus."
Herman says, " Moche of the showre fell into the louer (impluvium') , but moche more
into the barton (cavedium.y "Louer of a hall, esclere." PALSG. " Dosme, a flat
round louer, or open roofe to a steeple, banketting house, pigeon house, &c. Tourne-
vent, a horse, or mouable louer of mettall on the top of a chimney or house. Trottoiier,
the boord in the louer of a doue-coat for pigeons to alight on." COTG. "A loouer, or
tunnell in the roofe, or top of a great hall to auoid smoke. Fumarium, spir amentum."
BARET. Whital gives among " the parts of housing — The lovir or fomerill, infumi-
luhim," &c. This word is used in the Vision of P. Ploughm. and by Spenser in the
316
FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LowMYSHE.1 Canicus (ardulio-
SUSj C. F. 8.)
LOWMYSCHENESSE. Cauicatus (ar-
dulitas, s.)
(LOWMISMAN, or woman, s. Ar-
duliOj c. F.)
LOWPYNGE, or skyppynge.2 Saltus.
LOWRYN, or mornyn. Mereo,
CATH. merere est cum silentio
dolere, secundum UG.
LOWRYN, or fade coloure, and
chere (or castyn lowre, s.)
Tabeo, BRIT.
LOWRYN, or scowlyn. Oboculo,
KYLW.
LOWRYNGE. Mestus, tristis.
LOWRYNGE. Tristicia, mesticia.
(Lows, supra in LOWCE, s.)
LOWSYN. Pediculo.
LOWTYN'.S Conquinisco, c. F. UG.
obstipo, CATH. incline.
LOWTYNGE. Conquiniscia, c. F.
in conquinisco, inclinacio (con-
quinaciOj p.)
LOTHYN' (lopin, or lothyn, s.)
Abhominor, horreo, detestor.
LOTHYNGE (lojjynge, or lothynge,
s.) Abhominacio.
LUCE, fysche. Lucius.
LUCE, propyr name. Lucia.
LUDDOK, or lende.4 Lumbus.
(LUKCHESTER, worm', supra in
LOCHESTER, S.)
LURKE, or wynnynge (Ink, K. s. p.)
Lucrum.
LuMBRYKE.5 Lumbricus, KYLW.
sense of an aperture for giving light, P. Q. vi. c. 11. In the Craven Dialect a chimney is
still termed the love, or luvver. Compare FOMEREL of an halle, p. 169.
1 LOWNTSHE, MS. lowmysshe, K. H. s. P. The following explanation is given in the
Catholicon : " Ab ardeo dicilur hicardelio, i. leccator, quia ardens est in leccacitate ;" the
Ortus gives " Ardelus, inquietus : qui mittit se omnibus negociis, a medler of many mat-
ters." " Ardelio, one full of gesture, a busie man, a medler in all matters, a smatterer in
all things." MOREL. Jamieson gives loamy, slothful, inactive. " Lome, vetus Holl.
tardus, piger," KILIAN. Dan. Lummer, a long lubber, a looby, a tony.
2 " A lopynge, saltacio^ saltus. A lope, saltus ; a loper, to lope," &c. CATH. ANG. See
Jamieson, v. Loup. Ang-Sax. hleapan ; p. part, hleop ; hleapanj, saltotio.
3 The verb to lout occurs frequently in the old writers as signifying to bow down, to
bend to, or stoop. See Sir F. Madden 's Glossary to Gawayn ; Syr Tryamoure, 1062 ;
Vis. of P. Ploughman ; Cant. T. 14,168, 15,654 ; Gower, Townl. Myst. p. 18, &c. In
the earlier Wicliffite version, Numb. xxii. 31 is thus rendered : " Anoon the Lord
openyde the eyen of Balaam, and he lowtide hym redi to the erthe ;" in the later
version, " worschipide hym lowli in to erthe." In the Liber Festivalis it is said of the
Virgin Mary, " She lyued so clene and so honestly yl all her felawes called her quene
of maydens ; and when ony man spake to her, niekely she lowtyd with her head,
and sayd, Deo gracias." Ed. Rouen, 1499, f. 144, b. "I lowte, I gyue reuerence to
one, le me cambre^ le luyfais la reuerence. It is a worlde to se him lowte and knele."
PALSG. Ang.-Sax. lutan, inclinare. Compare BOWYN' or lowtyn', p. 46 ; and BEK, or
lowte, p. 29. In the North to bow in the rustic fashion is still termed to lout. See
Brockett and Jamieson.
4 " A luddok, femen mulieris, femur viri, lumbiis." CATH. ANG. The word occurs
in Townl. Myst. p. 313.
" His luddokys thai lowke like walk-mylne clogges."
4 Numerous remedies may be found in the Treatise on the virtues of Herbs, Arund.
MS. 42, " for lumbrikes." See f. 23, 40, 72, b. 84, &c. " Luminous, an earthly worm,
ajso the belly-worm, or maw-worm.1" GOULDMAN.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
317
LULLYN', or byssyn'. Sopio, CATH.
(nenior, lallo, UG.)
LULLYNGE of yonge chylder (3ong
chyldryn, K.) Nemacio.
LULLYNGE BONGE. Nenia, CATH.
fescennia, c. F. (fescennina, s.
fascennina, p.)
LYMNYD, as bookys (Ivmynid, K.)
Elucidatus.
LYMNORE (luniinour, K. Elu-
tidator, miniographus, CATH.
aurigraphus, UG. in aer, mini-
ator, UG. alluminator, illumi-
nator, KYLW.
LUMPE. Frustrum (sic, P.)
LUNGE (lunche, K.) Pulmo.
LURCARE (lurcard, s. p.) Lurco.
LURDEYNE, idem est (supra in
LORELL, P.)1
LURE for hawkys. Lurale, COMM.
LURKYN'. Latito, lateo.
LUSCH, or slak. Laxus (rarus,
K. P.)
LUSCHBURUE (lushburue, s. Pa-
pirus^f.
LUSCHLY. Laxe (rare, K. p.)
LUSTE. Voluptas.
LUSTE of synne. Libido.
LUSTY, fulle of luste (lustyful, s.)
Voluptuosus.
LUSTY, or lysty. Delectuosus (de-
lectdbilis, voluptuosus, K.)
1 Fabyan, in his Chron. part vi. c. 197, suggests the fanciful etymology of this term,
which is likewise given by Boethius, in his Hist. Scot, published in 1526, lib. x. s. 20,
and adopted by Verstegan, in his remarks on names of contempt, c. x. namely, that a
Dane being quartered as a spy in every family in England, was, from his tyranny, called
Lord Dane, " quhilk is now tane for ane ydyll lymmer that seikis his leuyng on other
mennis laubouris," as Bellenden expresses it in his version. The immediate derivation
is, however, evidently from the French ; " Lourdin, lourdayne ; blunt, somewhat
blockish; a little clownish, lumpish, rude; smelling of the churle, or lobcock." COTG.
" Lourdein : idiot, lourdaud, maladroit, sot; en bas Lat. Lurdus.'" ROQUEF. R. Brunne
says that Sibriht, King of Wessex, when driven from his realm, "as a lordan gan lusk ;"
p. 9. The word occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman, lines 12,278, 14,302; Townl.
Myst. pp. 60, and 308. "A lurdane, ubi a thefe." CATH. ANG. " Lurdayne, lovrdavlt.
It is a goodly syght to se a yonge lourdayne play the lorell (loricarder) on this facyon."
PALSG. " A lourdon, or sot, bardiis." GOULDM. It denotes a vile person, a sot or
blockhead, a clownish churl, or a sluggard. Andrew Boorde, in the Breviary of Health,
1573, quaintly observes at the close of his directions regarding fevers, "The 151 chapiter
doth shew of an euyll feuer the which doth comber yonge persons, named the feuer
lurden," with which many are sore affected now a days, from bad education, or natural
habit. In the last case he pronounces it incurable, but offers the following nostrum :
" There is nothing so good for the feuer lurden as unguentum baculinum, that is to saye,
Take a aticke or wan of a yeard of length and more, and let it be as great as a man's
fynger, and with it anoint the backe and the shoulders well morning and euening, and
doo this xxj. dayes; and if this fever will not be holpen in that time, let them beware of
wagging in the galowes; and whiles they do take their medicine, put no Lubberwort into
their potage, and be(w)are of knauering about their heart ; and if this will not help, send
them to Newgate, for if you wyll not, they wyll bryng them selfe thether at length." Jn
c. 262 he speaks also of " luskeshnes, brother to the feuer lurden." See Brockett and
Jamieson.
* Counterfeit sterlings, closely resembling the pennies of the English coinage, but of
inferior value, appear to have been largely introduced during the reign of Edward III. and
were probably, as Skinner suggests, termed Lushborows from their having been issued at
318 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
LUST(Y)LY (lustili, K.) Vohiptnose.
LUSTYLY, or lystyly. Ddectdbi-
liter.
LUTE, instrument of inusyke (lute
of mynstralcy, K. p.) Viella,
samba, lambutum (citella, K.
citolla, H. P. sambuca, s.)
(LUTYN, P.)
Lutsenborgh, or Luxemburgh, a fact sufficiently evident from the word LVCEMBOR.,
LVSENBOR., or LVSEBVRGENSis, forming part of the legend which occurs on many of these
pieces. H. Knyghton thus records their importation in 1347 : " JZodem anno defertur in
Angliam per alienigenas et indigenas mercatores falsa moneta quce lussheburue appellata
est; unde ap^id Londonias multi mercatores et alii plures tracti sunt et suspensi^ et quidam
magno precio vitam redemei-unt." Chron. Cott. MSS. Claud. E. m. f. 253 ; Tib. C. vn.
f. 152, v°. In the margin is written " moneta loysburues." It appears by the Rolls of
Parliament, vol. ii. 160, that early in that year (20 Edw. III.) a petition had been pre-
sented by the Commons, which set forth that merchants and others exported the good
sterling coin, and " de jour en autre reportent diverses fauxes monoies appellez Lusshe-
bourues, dont la livre poet estre achale par dela pur oyt souldz, ou pur meyns," with which
the country was filled. The King's pleasure was that such offenders should be judged
according to law, as "faux moneours." In the year following the Commons again
petitioned "pur ce qe lafauxe monoie de Lusshebourues encrest de jour en autre," an evil
attributed to the infrequency and short duration of the sittings of the judges of assize,
praying for "plus aspre remedied Rolls of Parl. ii. 167. In 1351 these false sterlings
are again mentioned in the petition that declaration should be made by the King as to
what offences should be adjudged treason, of which one was the importation of false coin,
" sicome la monoie appelli Lusseburghe," or other resembling the coin of the realm, as
fully declared in the Stat. 25 Edw. III. c. 2, where the word is written " Lucynburgh. "
Compare Rolls of Parl. ii. 239, and Stat. of Realm, i. 320. These fallacious monies are
named in the Vision of P. Ploughman, which was composed, as it is conjectured, about
1362.
" As in lussheburwes is a luther alay,
And yet loketh he lik a sterlyng,
The merk of that monee is good,
Ac the metal is feble." v. 10,322.
In the Cant. Tales, which, according to Tyrwhitt, were written subsequently to 1382,
allusion occurs to " Lusheburghes," as coins of base alloy; Monks Tale, v. 13,968: as
likewise in Piers of Fulham, p. 128, ed. Hartshorne,
" No lussheborues, but money of fyne assay."
It must be observed, that in Twysden's edition of Knyghton, as likewise in the printed
text of the Rolls of Parliament, the term has been given as Lussheburne, apparently in
consequence of its origin having been forgotten ; it seems, however, evident that the true
reading should be Lussheburue, which is merely a variation from Lussheburwe, or Lucyn-
burgh. See further on this subject Ruding, i. 222 ; Snelling's Plates of counterfeit
Sterlings, and the Blatter fur Munzkunde, 1839. The import of the word Papirus in
relation to base coin is obscure. It is found in the Winchester MS. only. The coins of
the Byzantine emperors, called perpari, and the Italian paparini, were monies of con-
siderable value, but there was a base coinage in France during the XlVth cent, of pieces
of bad alloy, called parpilloles. See Charpentier.
319
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MAC A RE. Factor, plasmator.
MAC A RE of noghte, as God only.
Creator.
MACE of a seriawnt. S(c)eptrum,
clava.
MACER, or he bat berythe mace.
Scept(r)iger.
MACYS, spyce. Made, in plur.
c. F.
MA DDE, or wood. Amens, demens,
furiosus.
(MA DDE, or wroth be crafte or
cunnyng, s. Factus.)
MADYR, herbe. Sandix, Dice.
rubia major, et minor dicitur
hayryf.
MADDYN, or dotyn. Desipio.
MADDYN, or waxyn woode. In-
sanio,furio, CATH.
MADDENESSE. Amentia, dementia.
MAFEY, othe (maffeyth, s.) Me-
diusjidius.
MAGERAM,1 herbe. Majorona.
MAGESTE. Magestas.
MAGRY, vn-thanke.2 Vituperium,
reprobacio (malas grates, K.
demeritum, P.)
MAY, monethe. Mains.
MAYDEKYN', or lytylle mayde
(maydyn kvn, H. p.) Puella,
puerula, juvencula.
MAYDE WEDE, herbe, or may thy s
1 This word should possibly be read MAGERAN, as the power of the contraction
placed over the penultimate letter in the MS. is uncertain. The other readings are
maioru, K. mageron, s. magerym, p. w. margeryn, j.
2 This word is used both as a substantive, from the French " malgre ; bldme, re-
proche, mauvais grb ; malas grates ;" ROQ.UEF. and as an adverb, mauyre, in spite of
opposition.
" Ma manasinges 311 have thai maked,
Mawgre mot thai have to mede !" Minot, p. 3.
Chaucer uses the word " maugre '' in the same manner, Rom. of R. 4399. Compare
Vision of P. P. 4280. See also the Prologue to Book ii. of the version of Vegecius,
attributed to Trevisa. " Had ye, Sir Emperour, commaundede me to haue written
your soueraigne dedes of armes — then had I been siker to haue deseruede thanke, there
now I drede me to deserue magre." ROY. MS. 18 A. XII. Herman says, " I am not
able to here thy maugrefe, impar invidice tuce ;" and Palsgrave gives, as a substantive,
" Maugry, malyrd, maltalent." See Jamieson, v. Mawgrd. For instances of the use
of the word adverbially see Sir F. Madden's Glossary to Gawayn ; R. Glouc. p. 94;
R. Brunne, p. 58 ; and Chaucer. " Maulgre my heed. Maulgre fortune. Maulgre
his tethe, maulgre ses dens," Sec. PALSG. " Maulgre eux, mauger their teeth, in spight
of their hearts,'' &c. COTG.
CAMD. SOC. 2 T
320
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(maydewode, s.maydenwede, p.)1
Melissa, amarusca.
MAYDYN (or maydon, s.) yn
clennesse of lyyf.2 Virgo.
MAYDEN (or maydon, s.) ser-
uaunt. Ancilla.
MAYDYN, or seruaunt folowynge
a woman of worschyppe. f*e-
dissequa, assecla, CATH.
MAYDYNHOOD. Virginitas.
(MAYFAY, supra in MAFAY, s.)
MAYLE of a haburione. Squama,
c. F. hamus, CATH. macula,
c. F. CATH. et UG. in macero.
MAYNE, or hurte (mayme, H. p.)
Mutilacio.
MAYNYD (or mankyd, infra,
maymyd, H. p.) Mutilatus.
MAYNYN (or mankkyn, infra,
maymyn, K.)3 Mutilo.
MAYNPRYSYD, or menprisyd
(maynsprisid, K. maymprysyd, or
memprisyd, s.)4 Manucaptus,
Jidejussus, C.F. (mancipatus, P.)
MA(Y)NPRISYN' (maynpresonte,
s.) Manucapio, CATH. man-
cipo, CATH.fidejubeo, CATH.
MAYNPRISYNGE. Manucap(f)io,
manumissio, c. F.
MAYNPRISOWRE. Mancipator,
Jidejussor, c. F. (manucaptor, P.)
MAYNE, or strengthe. Vigor, robur.
MAYNTENAUNCE. Manutencio,
supportacio, defencio.
MAYNTENYD. Manutentus, sup-
portatus, defensus.
MAYNTENOWRE. Manutentor,
defensor, supportator,fautor.
MAYNTYN (sic, s. maynteyne,
K. P.) Manuteneo, supporto.
(defendo, protego, p.)
MAYSTYR. Magister, didascolus,
petagogus (monitor, auctor,
preceptor, p.)
MAYSTERLY. Magistraliter.
MAYSTRESSE. Magistra.
MAYSTRYE, or souerente, and
heyare honde y(n) stryfe or
werre (maistri, or worchip, or
the heyer bond, K. maystrys, s.)
Dextre,pl. victoria, triumphus.
(MAISTRI, K. Magisterium.)
(MAYTHYS, supra in MAYDE
WEDE.)5
1 See MAYTHYS. Anthemis cotula, Linn. Ang.-Sax. mage'Se, chamcemelum.
2 The old writers occasionally use the term maiden in reference to either sex. In
the Vision of P. P. 5525, Wit, discoursing of ill-assorted matrimony, commends al-
liances between " maidenes and maydenes." In the Liber Festivalis it is said that St.
Luke " went to our Lady, and she taught him the gospell that he wrothe, and for he
was a clene mayden, our Ladi cherished him the more.'' Ed. Rouen, 1491, f. cliij.
" Mayde of the mankind, puceau. Maide of the woman kynde, pucelle." PALSG.
3 " To mayne, mutulare. Maynde, mutulalus. A maynynge, mutulacio." CATH.
ANG. " I mayne, or I mayne one, I take the vse of one of his lymmes from hym,
Faffolle, and le mehaigne, but mehaigner is Norman te. " PALSG. The participle
" mayned " occurs in the Golden Legend, f. 121, b. Compare mahennare, mahemiare,
DUC. ; and the old French mehenier, mehaingner.
4 The second word is here contracted in the MS. and should possibly be read mem-
prisyd. By a writ of main-prize the sheriff is commanded to take sureties for the appear-
ance of a prisoner, called mainperners, or mainprisours, and to set him at large. This is
done either when bail has been refused, or when the cause of commitment is not properly
bailable. Of the distinction between manucapere and balliare, see further in Spelman.
5 This plant is thus mentioned by G. de Bibelesworth ; Arund. MS. 220, f. 301.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
321
(MAKARE, supra in MACARE, s.)
MAKE, or fyt, and mete (mak, fyt,
or esy, K.) Aptus, conveniens.
MAKE, mathe, wyrm yn be flesfre
(or maye, infra, make, or magot,
H. P. magat, may, or math, s.)1
Tarmus, CATH. cimex, c. F.
COMM.
MAKE, or metche.2 Compar.
MAKEREL, fysche. Megarus.
MAKYN, or make. Facio^plasmo,
compono.
MAKE ABLE. Habilito.
MAKE A-CEETHE (makyn sethe,
K. a sythe, p.)3 Satisfacio.
MAKE BETTYR. Melioro.
MAKE BYTTYR. Exacerbo,ama-
rico.
MAKE BLAK. Denigro.
MAKE BLUNTE. Obtundo, CATH.
MAKE CLENE. Mundo, purgo,
purifico.
MAKE COMUENAUNT, or com-
naunt (comavnt, K. cumnawnte,
s. couenaunt, p.)4 Pango.
MAKE DEEP. Surdo, CATH.
MAKE DRUNKYN. Inebrio.
MAKE DUL. Hebeto, obtundo,
etc. ut supra.
MAKE EVYN. Equo.
" Si vous trouet en toun verger
Amerokes (ma>en) e gletoner (and cloten,)
Les aracez de vn besagu (twybel.)"
In the Vocabulary of names of plants, Sloane MS. 5, is given " Amarusca calida,
Gall, ameroche, Any. maithe ;" in another list, Sloane MS. 56, " cheleye, i. mathe."
The camomile is still known by the appellation Mayweed; Anthemis cotula, Linn.
Gerarde describes the " May weed, wild cammomill, stinking mathes, or mauthen,"
Cotula faetida, and observes that the red kind grows in the west parts of England
amongst the corn, as Mayweed does elsewhere, and is called " red maythes, our London
women do call it Rose-a-rubie." Ang.-Sax. mage^e, mag'Sa, chamcemelum.
1 Maak in the Craven Dialect still means a maggot. Dan. mak, madike, vermis.
2 " Collega, a make, or a yomanne." MED. In the edition of the Ortus in Mr.
Wilbraham's library collega is rendered " a make, or a felowe." This term, as used
by Chaucer and other writers, has the signification of a mate, or fellow, a spouse, either
husband or wife. It is said of the turtle dove in the Golden Legend, " When she hath
lost her make, she wyll neuer haue other make.'' See Jaraieson. A.-S. maca, consors.
3 The substantive a-cethe has occurred previously, p. 5, where the word has been
printed A-CETHEN, a contraction appearing in the Harl. MS. over the final E. which,
however, is probably erroneous. The word is thus used in the earlier Wicliffite version :
" Now than ryse, and go forth, and spekynge do aseethe to thi seruauntis ;" in the
later, " make satisfaccioun (satisfac servis tuis," Vulg.) ii. Kings, xix. 7. In the later
version it occurs in i. Kings, iii. 14 : " Therfore y swore to the hows of Heli that the
wickidnes of hys hows shal not be doon a-seeth before with slayn sacrifices and
aiftis ;" in the earlier, " schal not be cleusid (expietur," Vulg.) See- also Mark xv.
15. " Asethe, satisfaccio. To make asethe, satisfacere." CATH. ANG. " Satisfactio,
(sic) to make a-sethe." ORTUS. Chaucer, in the Rom. of Rose, 5600, rendered " assez
asseth ;" and in the passage previously cited from the Vis. of P. P. the line is printed
by Mr. Wright, "if it sufiise noght for assetz," where he explains the word as syno-
nymous with the common law term, assets. Compare FULFYLLYN, or make a-cethe in
thynge >at wantythe ; p. 182.
* Some doubt may here arise as to the power of the contractions in the MS. coue-
naunt, or conaunt. Compare BREKE couenant, p. 50, and see the note on cunawnte,
p. 108.
322
FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MAKE FET, or fat. Impinguo,
sagino.
MAKE FOWLE. Deturpo, sordido.
MAKE GAY. Orno.
MAKE FREE. Manumitto.
MAKE HARD. Induro (duro, P.)
MAKE HEVY in herte, or sory.
Contristo, molesto, mestico,
CATH. (mestifico, P.)
MAKE HEVY yn wyghte. Gravo.
MAKE IOY, idem quod IOYN,
supra in I. (maken ioyze, supra
in ioyze, p.)
MAKE KNOWYN' (makyng open,
HARL. MS. 2274.) Manifesto,
notifico.
MAKE LARGE. Amplio.
MAKE LAWFULLE. Legitimo.
MAKE LENE. Macero.
MAKE LESSE. Minoro.
MAKE MEENDE (make mynde, or
brynge to mynde, K. p.) Com-
memoro.
MAKE MERVELYOWS, or wonder-
fulle. Mirifico.
MAKE MERY, and gladyn ober
menn. Letifico ; (nota, P.) supra
in GLADYN, G.
MAKE MERY, or be mery yn
herte or chere. Letor, jocor,
jocundor.
MAKE MORE. Majoro.
MAKE NESCHE (or make softe,
infra.) Mollifico,molleO)CATii.
MAKE PERFYTTE. Perficio.
MAKE PLEYNE. Piano, complano.
MAKE PLAYNTE (make pleyne,
s.) Conqueror.
MAKE PLENTYVOWS (plentows,
HARL. MS. 2274.) Fecundo.
MAKE QWEYNT, or wonderfulle
(make qveynte, or wonder, s.)
Mirifico.
MAKE REDY. Paro.
MAKE RYCHE. Dito.
MAKE PASTE. Intero.
MAKE SACRIFYCE. Sacrifice.
MAKE SEKYR in grawnte. Rati-
Jico, confirmo.
MAKE SYGHTY (sythty, K. sythy,
s.) Elucido.
MAKE SOFTE, idem quod MAKE
NESCHE, supra.
MAKE SOLEMPNYTE (solempte,
K.) Solempnizo.
MAKE TOKYN to a-nodyr, or
bekyn' (beknynge, HARL. MS.
2274.) Nuo, annuo.
MAKE WERY. Fatigo, lasso.
MAKE WYTHE CHYLDE. Im-
pregno.
MAKYNGE. Faccio,factura.
MAKLY, or esyly.1 Faciliter
(apte, P.)
MALENCOLYE, complexion' (male-
coly, K.) Malencolia, vel ma-
lancolia, secundum c. F. (et
malincolica, UG. in cirus, s.)
MALENCOLYOWS (malecoliowus,
K.) Malencolicus.
MALAPERT (or presumptuowse,
infra.) Effrons.
1 The adjective MAKE has occurred already, and the reading of the King's Coll. MS.
gives easy, as synonymous therewith. Jaraieson cites Douglas, who uses the word in the
sense of evenly, or equally. Compare Ang. -Sax. macalic, opportunus ; Belg. maklyk,
easy. Sir Thomas Brown gives matchly as a Norfolk word ; it is likewise given by
Forby, and signifies exactly alike, fitting nicely ; the modern pronunciation being, as
stated by the latter, mackly. Ang. -Sax. maka, par.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
323
MALARDE, bryde (or mavelarde,
infra.) Anas (anatinus. P.)
MALAWNDER, sekeness.1 Morbus.
MALE of trussynge, and caryage.2
Mantica.
MALE HORSE. Gerulus, CATH.
somarius, CATH. in gerulus.
MALE, best or fowle, no femel.
Masculus, CATH. mas.
MALYCE. Malicia.
MALYCYOWSE. Maliciosus.
MALYET, betyl (malle or malyet,
H. P. malys, s.) Malleolus,
CATH. marculus, CATH.
MALKYNE, or Mawt, propyrname
(Molt, K. Mawde, w.) Matildis
(Matilda, P.)
MALKYNE, mappyl, or oven swe-
pare (malpyle, s. ouen swepe,
H. p.)3 Dossorium, tersorium
(DICC. s.)
MALT. Braseum.
MALTE BOWDE (or wevyl, infra.)4
Gurgulio, KYLW.
1 This term denotes most commonly the disease in the legs of horses, as causing
them mal andare, to go ill, according to Skinner's observation. Malandria, however,
in medieval Latin, as in French, malandrie, denoted generally an ulcer, a disease diffi-
cult of cure, as leprosy. See Ducange. " Malandrie, sickenesse, malandre. Malandre,
malandre, serot." PALSG. In a veterinary treatise, Julius, D. viu. f. 1 14, the following
remedy is given " for the Malaundres. Tac parroures of chese, and tac hony, and tempre
hem to-gedre, and ley hit on \>e sore as hot as J?ou may."
2 " A male, mantica, involucrum." CATH. ANG. " Male, or wallet to putte geare or
stuffe in, malle." PALSG. Herman says, " Undo my male, or boudget (bulga, hip-
popera, bulgula.y The horse by which it was carried was termed a somer, or sompter
horse, sommier. See SOMER HORS, hereafter. In Norfolk the cushion to carry lug-
gage upon, behind a servant attending his master on a journey, is still called a male-
pillion.
3 "Fornaculum, Fornacale, instrumentum ad opus fornacis, a malkyne, oramalott."
MED. MS. CANT. " A malyne (sic), tersorium." CATH. ANG. " Malkyn for an ouyn,
frovgon." PALSG. Holliband renders " Waudree, the clout wherewith they dense, or
sweepe the ouen, called a maukin. Escouillon, an ouen sweeper, a daflin." " A
malkin, vide Scoven (sic). A Scovel or maulken, ligaculum, scopula. PeniciJlum, a
bull's tail, a wisp, a shoo-clout, a mawkin, or drag to sweep an oven." GOULDM. This
term is still used in Somersetshire. It would appear from the Medulla that this word
was also used as an opprobrious appellation : " Gallinacius, i. homo debilis, a malkyn,
and a capoun." Forby gives maukin, as signifying either a dirty wench, or a scarecrow
of shreds and patches.
4 Compare BOWDE, malte-worme ; p. 46', and BUDDE, flye ; p. 54. In the Eastern
counties weevils that breed in malt are termed bowds, according to Ray, Forby and
Moore ; the word is repeatedly used by Tusser. R. Holme says that " the Wievell eateth
and devoureth corn in the garners: they are of some people called bowds." Acad.
of Arm. B. ii. p. 467. The appellation is applied to other coleopterous insects. Gower
compares the envious to the " sharnbudes kynde," which, flying in the hot sun of May,
has no liking for fair flowers, but loves to alight on the filth of any beast, wherein
alone is its delight. " Crabro, quedam musca, a gnat, or a sharnebode. Scarabeus, a
sharne budde." MED. R. Holme mentions the " Blatta, or shorn bud, or painted
beetle.'' Ang.-Sax. scearn, stercus. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 64, an insect is described
which devours the young shoots of trees, " Bruk is a maner of flye, short and brodissh,
and in a sad husc, blak hed, in shap mykel toward a golde bowde, and mykhede of
twyis and }>ryis atte moste of a gold bowde, a chouere, o}>er vulgal can y non
The name gold bowde probably denotes a species of Chrysomela, Linn.
324
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(M
MALTYN', or make malt. Brasio.
MALTYNGE. Brasiatura (bras-
iacio, P.)
MALSTERE, or maltestere (maltar,
H. P.) Brasiatrix, brasiator.
MALWE, herbe. Malva.
MANNE. Homo, vir, mas.
MANASSE, or thretynge. Mine.
MANASSYD, or thret. Minatus.
MANASSYNGE. Minatus, commi-
MANDRAGGE, herbe (mandrake,
K. H. p.)2 Mandrogara.
MANE of an horse. Juba, CATH.
MANER, dwellynge place (or lord-
ship, K.) Manerium, predium,
munium, COMM.
MANER, vse or custom. Modus,
consuetude (maneries. P.)
MANER of theve (maner, or the we,
K. H. s. P.) Mos.
MANNFULLE. Humanus, mag-
nanimus.
* " Germinatus, commyn as malte." ORTUS. Harrison, in his Description of Eng-
land, speaking of the making of malt, says that the grain is steeped, and the water
drained from it ; it is then laid on the floor in a heap, " untill it be readie to shoote at
the root end, which maltsters call commyng. When it beginneth therefore to shoot in
this maner, they saie it is come, and then forthwith they spread it abroad, first thicke,
and afterward thinner and thinner vpon the said floore (as it commeth), and there it
lieth by the space of one and twentie dayes at the least." B. ii. c. 6. Holinsh. i. 169.
R. Holme, among terms used by malt-makers, says that " the comeing of barley, or
malt, is the spritting of it, as if it cast out a root." Acad. of Arm. B. iii. p. 105. The
little sprouts and roots of malted barley, when dry, and separated by the screen, are
still called in Norfolk malt-cumbs, according to Forby. Bp. Kennett gives "Malt
comes, or malt comings, the little beards or shoots, when malt begins to run, or come ;
Yorkshire." Lansd. MS. 1033. See Craven Glossary and Jamieson. Compare Isl.
keima. Germ, keimen, germinare.
2 The strange and superstitious notions that obtained in olden times regarding the
mandrake, its virtues, and the precautions requisite in removing it from the soil, are
recorded by numerous writers. In an Anglo-Saxon Herbal of the Xth cent. Vitell.
C. in. f. 53, v°, a representation will be found of the plant, at the side of which ap-
pears the dog, whose services were used in dragging it up. The account there given of
the herb has been printed by Mr. Thorpe in his Analecta. Alex. Neccham, who died 1227,
mentions it as if it had been commonly cultivated in gardens, which should be decked, as
he observes in his treatise de naturis rerum, " rosis et liliis, solsequiis, molis et mandra-
fforis." Roy. MS. 12 G. XI. f. 77. The author, however, of the treatise on the qualities
of herbs, written early in XV th cent., who appears to have cultivated in his herber at
Stepney many botanical rarities, speaks of the " mandrage " as a plant that he had
seen once only. He admits that as to any sexual distinction in the roots, " kynde
neuere 3af to erbe }>e forme and be kynde of man : some takyn seere rootys, and keruyn
swuche formys, as we ban leryd of vpelonders ;" Arund. MS. 42, f. 31, v°. The curious
relation that he gives of his detection of an aged man, who kept in a strong chest a
mandrake root, which brought him daily " a fayre peny," is a remarkable illustration
of the credulity of the age. See further on this'subject Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 83, v° ;
Trevisa's version of Barthol. de Propr. B. xvij. c. 104 ; Bulleine's Bulwarke of Defence,
p. 41 ; Browne's Vulgar Errors, and Philip's Flora Historica, i. 324. Singular re-
presentations of the " mandragolo '' and " mandragola," executed by an Italian de-
signer in the earlier part of the XVIth cent., are preserved in the Add. MS. 5281,
f. 125 and 129, v°. The dog drags up the monstrous root by a chain attached to its ancles,
whilst his master stops his ears, to escape the maddening effects of the mandrake's screams.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
325
(MANFULLI, K. H. s. p. Viriliter,
humane, magnanimiter.)
MAGNETE, precyowse stone.
Magnes.
MAGNYFYEN, or make mykyl
of thynge yn preysynge (make
moche preysynge of a thinge, p.)
Magmfico.
MANNHOOD. Humanitas, viri-
litas.
MANY. Multus.
MANYCLE. Manica, c. F. cathena,
secundum sacram scripturam.
MANYMANERYS, or manyfold.
Multiformis, multipharius, mul-
Uplex.
MANYFOLDE WYSE. Multipharie,
multipliciter.
MANY MANER WYSE, idem est.
MANIURE (maniowre, s. P.) Man-
sorium, presepium, c. F. pre-
MANKYD, or maymyd.1 Muti-
latus.
MANKKYN', or maynyn'. Mutilo.
MANKYNGE, or maymynge. Mu-
tilacio.
MANNE OF LAW. Jurisperitus,
scriba (legisperitus, P.)
MANNE QWELLARE. Homicida,
cedes, sanguinarius , CATH.
(plagiarius, P.)
MANN QWELLYNGE, or man slaw-
tur (manslawt, K. s.) Homi-
cidium, cedes, c. F.
MANUELE, booke to minster wythe
the sacramentys.2 Manuale,
KYLW.
MAPPEL, idem quod MALKYN,
supra.3
MAPULLE, tree. Acer.
MARBUL, stone. Marmor.
MARBUL,whyghte stone. Parium,
c. F.
MARSCHALE. Marescallus.
MARCHAUNTE. Mercator, ne-
gotiator, institor, CATH.
MARCHAUNDYSE. Mercimonium,
commercium, merca(n)cia.
MARCHAUNTYSYN', or chafferyn'.
Mercor, negocior.
MARCHE, myddys be-twyx ij. cun-
trees (a-twixyn, K. be-twyn, s.)4
Marchia, confinium, c. F.
1 This word seems to be derived from mancus, or the old French manche, mutilated,
deprived of the use of a hand, or a limb. The participle " mankit," maimed, occurs
in Golagros and Gawane, 1013. See also the passages cited by Jamieson. Compare
Teut. mancken, Belg. minken, mutilare.
2 The manuale occurs among the service books which, at the synod of Exeter, in
1287, it was ordained that every parish should provide ; Wilk. Cone. ii. 139. The
Constitutions of Abp. Winchelsey, in 1305, comprise a similar requisition. Lyndwood
defines it as containing " omnia quce — spectant ad sacramentorum et sacramentalium
ministrationem." It comprises also the various forms of benediction ; and in the
printed editions of the Manuale ad usum Sarum are added the curious instructions for
the seclusion of lepers. "Manuels'' are included amongst the books which, by the
Stat. 3 and 4 Edw. VI. were " cleerelie and utterlie abolished, and forbidden for euer
to be used or kept in this realme."
3 Mappel seems to be a diminutive of the old French mappe, a clout to wipe anything
withal.
4 " A marche, marchia, maritima." CATH. ANO. "Marches bytwene two landes,
frontieres." PALSG. The frontiers of a country were termed in medieval Latin marchia,
326
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MARC HE, monythe. Mar civs.
MARE, or ir^hte mare.1 Epialtes.
MARE, or wyche. Magus, maga,
sag-ana, UG. in sagio.
MARGERY, propyr name. Mar-
geria.
(MARGARET, proper name, P.
MargaretaC)
MARGERY, perle.2 Margarita.
MARGYNE, or brynke. Mar go.
MARY, propyr name. Maria.
MARY, or marow of a boon
(marwhe, K. H. marughe, P.)
Medulla.
MARYABLE, abylle to be maryed.
MARYAGE. Mar(i)tagiutn, con-
jugium.
MARYCE of a fen (or myre, or
moore, infra.) Mariscus, la-
Una, UG. v. in L. et COMM.
MARYYN' (marytyu, K.) Marito.
MARKE, propyr name. Marcus.
MARK, of money. Marcha.
MARKET, of byynge and syllynge.
Mercatus, c. F.
MARKET PLACE. Forum, c. F.
mercatorium, UG. in merco, et
KYLW. emptorium, mercatus,
c. F.
MARKET DASCHARE.S Circum-
) UG. in circum.
in French, marches; and in Britain the terms "marches of Wales — the Northern
marches," were still in use at no very remote period. Ang.-Sax. mearce, fines. See
Kilian and Wachter. The verb to march, to border upon, is used by Gower ; Sir John
Maundevile also describes one course for the pilgrim to the Holy Land "thorghe
Almanye, and thorghe the kyngdom of Hungarye, that marchethe tothelondof Polayne
(quod conterminum est.y See Voiage, pp. 8, 50.
1 It has been affirmed that the Mara was reverenced as a deity by the Northern
tribes ; in Britain it appears only to have been regarded as a supernatural being, the
visits of which were to be averted by physical charms, such as the hag-stone, called in
the North the mare-stane. Of the popular belief respecting the Ephialtes see the
curious passages printed by Mr. Wright in the Introduction to the Trial of Alice Kyteler ;
and Keysler, Ant. Sept. p. 497. Chaucer gives in the Miller's Tale, v. 3481, a singular
night spell, to preserve the house from the approach of spirits, and " the nightes mare."
" Night mare, ffoublin." PALSG. It was termed in French godemare, according to
Cotgrave. Ang.-Sax. mara, incubus.
2 "A margaryte stone, maryarita." CATH. ANG. " Margery perle, nacle." PALSG.
In Trevisa's version of Higden's Polych. B. i. c. 41, amongst the productions of Britain,
are mentioned " muscles, that haue within hem margery perles of alle maner of colour
and hewe, of rody, and reed purpure, and of blewe, and specially and moost of white."
Chaucer speaks of the precious " margarite perle,'' formed in a blue muscle shell on
the sea coast of " the More Britaine ;" Test, of Love, B. iii. In Arund. MS. 42,
f. 12, v°, allusion is made to the supposed cause of the formation of " margery perle —
produced in muscle, or cokle, from dew of heaven." In the Wicliffite version pearls
are called " margaritis," Matt. vii. 6 ; xiii. 46. Herman observes that " margaritis be
called pearles, of a mountayne in the see of Ynde, called Permula, where is plentye of
them."
3 This term is synonymous with that used by Chaucer in reference to the Miller of
Trumpington, described as being proud as a peacock, and whom none dared to touch or
aggrieve; " He was a market-beter at the full." Reve's T. 3934. The old Glossarist
explained this as denoting one who made quarrels at the market, but it seems rather to
imply one who swaggers about, and elbows his way through the crowd. " A merket.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 327
MARL, or chalke. Creta, c. F.
MARLPYTTE, or chalke pytte.
Cretarium.
MARLYD, or snarlyd. Illaque-
atuS) innodatus.
(MARLYD, as lond, K. Cretatus.)
MARLYN', or snarlyn'.1 Illaqueo.
MARMESET, beeste. Zinziphalus,
cenozephalus, KYLW. mammo-
netus, c. F. marmonetus, COMM.
MARTLOGE.2 Martilogium, KYLW.
MARTNET,byrd(martenet,K.H.p.)3
Turdus, padellus, pandellus.
MARTER. Martir.
MAR WE, or felawe yn trauayle
(or mate, infra; marowe, p.)4
Socius, compar (sodalis, p.)
MAROWE, idem quod MARY.
MASSAGE. Nuncium, legatum,
leg ado.
beter, circumforanus." CATH. ANG. " Circumforanus, a goere aboute \>e market. '*
MED. " Batre les rues, to revell, jet, or swagger up and down the streets a nights.
Bateur depavez, an idle, or continuall walk-street; a jetter abroad in the streets,"
rendered also under the word Pave " a pavement beater, a rakehell," &c. COTG.
1 To marl is retained as a sea term, signifying, according to Ash, to fasten the sails
with writhes of untwisted hemp dipped in pitch, and called marlines. Compare Dutch,
marrelen, to intangle one in another ; Dan. merling, pack-thread.
2 The martyroloffium was, in the earlier times, the register of names of saints and
martyrs, which served to bring each successively to the memory of the faithful, on the
anniversary of his Passion. At a later period the term denoted, in monastic establish-
ments especially, the register more properly called necrologium, or obituary, wherein
were inscribed the obits and benefactions of those who had been received into the fra-
ternity of the congregation, and whose names were thus in due course brought to mind,
being recited day by day in the chapter, and suitable prayers said. The martyrology
was termed also liber vita, and the memorial inscribed annotatio Reyulee, because it was
generally annexed to the Rule, and connected therewith was the obituary, wherein the
deaths of abbots, priors, and members of the congregation in general, were recorded.
The martyroloffium occurs next to the regula canonicorum, among the gifts of Bp.
Leofric to Exeter, in 1050. The nature of the entries made may be seen by Leland's
" thingges excerptid out of the martyrologe booke at Saresbyri," and at Hereford.
Itin. iii. f. 64 ; viii. f. 79. A remarkable specimen of such a register is supplied by the
Liber Vitas of Durham, commencing from Xth century ; COTT. MS. DOM. A. vn. See
Kennett's Glossary to Par. Ant. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa,
Roy. MS. ISA. XII. it is said that the Roman legions, " with her chosen horsemen
i-rolledin the constables martiloge (matriculae), were euer-more myghty i-nowe to kepe
her wardes," without auxiliaries. B. ii. c. 2. It is here put for the muster-roll,
termed album, or pittacium.
3 The martinet or martlet is the Hirundo urbica, Linn, and both appellations appear
to have been taken from the French. Skinner considers it to be a diminutive of the
proper name, comparing the usage of calling a parrot or a starling Richard, or a ram
Robert, and rejects as fanciful the conjecture of Minsheu that the name martinet was
given in allusion to its arrival at the end of March, and migration before St. Martin's
day. "Martynet, a byrde, martinet.'11 PALSG.
4 The term marrow is used in this sense by Tusser, but appears to be no longer
known in East Anglia. It is retained in the Northern, Shropshire, and Exmoor
dialects ; see the quotations given in the Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. It occurs in
the Townl. Myst. p. 110. «' A marrow, or fellow, socius." GOULDM. Minsheu would
derive it from the Hebrew.
CAMD. SOC. 2 U
328
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MASSANGERE(massager, K.^JVun-
cius, legatusy veredarius, CATH.
MASCHEL, or rothyr, or masch-
scherel.1 Remulus, palmula,
mixtorium.
MASCHYN, yn brewynge. Misceo.
(jpandoxo, s.)
MASCHYNGE. Mixtura, mixtio.
MASSE, or gobet of mete, or other
lyke. Massa.
MASERE.2 Murrus, Dice, murra,
UG. in amarus.
MASSY, nojt hole. Solidus.
MASYL, or mazil, sekenesse.3
1 This term evidently implies the implement used for mashing or mixing the malt, to
which, from resemblance in form, the name rudder is also given. In WithaPs little
Dictionary, enlarged by W. Clerk, among the instruments of the Brew-house, is given
" a rudder, or instrument to stir the meash-fatte with, motaculum."
2 " A maser, cantarus, murra, murreus : hec murpis arbor est." CATH. ANG.
" Masar of woode, masiere, hanap.'1 PALSG. There can be little doubt that the
maser, the favourite drinking vessel used by every class of society in former times,
was called murrus, from a supposed resemblance to the famed Myrrhene vases of
antiquity. The maser was, however, formed of wood, especially the knotty-grained
maple, and esteemed in proportion to the quality of the veined and mottled material,
but especially the value of the bands and rings of precious metals, enamelled, chased,
or graven, with which the wood was mounted. In Latin this kind of vessel was called
mazermus, maderinus, madelinus, masdrinum, &c. in French madre, maselin, or ma-
zer in ; and it seems probable that the name mether, applied to the ancient cups of wood
preserved in Ireland, may be of cognate derivation. Amongst innumerable instances
where mention occurs of the cyphus murreus, or maser, in wills and other documents,
may be cited the Inventories taken at St. Paul's, 1295, printed by Dugdale, and at
Canterbury, 1328, given by Dart from Cott. MS. Galba, E. iv. f. 185. In the Register
of benefactors of St. Albans, Nero, D. viu. f. 87, Thos. de Hatfelde, Bp. of Durham,
1345, is represented holding his gift in his hands, namely, a covered mazer, " cyphum
suum murreum, quern Wesheyl nostris temporibus appellamus." A maser very similar
in form, but without a cover, was in the possession of the late John Gage Rokewode,
Esq. It is of knotty, dark-coloured wood, mounted with metal: on the small plate,
termed crusta, attached to the bottom, is graven the monogram IHC. and around the
brim the following couplet :
"-|-Hold ^owre tunge, and sey )>e best,
and let jowre neyjbore sitte in rest :
Hoe so lusty)>e god to plese,
let hys ney3bore lyue in ese."
Similar instances of masers bearing inscriptions may be found in Testam. Ebor. i. 209,
and Richard's Hist, of Lynn, i. 479. Doublet, in his Hist, of St. Denis, describes
the richly -ornamented " hanap de bois de mardre,1' which had been used by St. Louis,
and presented to that church. " Vermiculatus, variatus ad modum vermis, distinctus,
rubeus, maderde." MED. " Madre, of wood whose grain is full of crooked and speckled
streakes, or veins." COTG. Plantin, in the Flemish Diet. 1573, gives "Maser, un
nceud ou bosse a, un arbre nominee erable. Maseren hout, acernum lignum." In Syre
Gawene and the Carle a lady's harp is described, formed " of masere fyne," v. 433,
which Sir F. Madden explains to be the wood of the maple. See on the manufacture
of " hanas de madre'1 the Reglements sur les metiers de Paris au XIII. siecle ;
Documents inedits sur Vhistoire de France, p. 112 edited by Depping. Compare
RONNYN, as masere, or other lyke, hereafter.
3 " Lepra, guedam infirmitas, meselrye. Leprosus, mesell, or full of lepre." ORTUS.
It
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
329
Serpedo, variola., volatica, se-
cundum phisicos.
MASELYD. Serpiginosus, vel ser-
pigionatus, volaticiosus.
MASKE of a nette. Macula,
CATH. et c. F.
MASONE, werkemann. Lathomus.
MASONRYE. Lathomia.
MASONYS EX. Lathomega, COMM.
asciolus, UG. in acuo.
MASONYS LOGGE. Lapidicina,
UG. in laos.
(MASSE, or messe, infra. Missa.)
MAST of a schyppe. Malus, CATH.
MAST HOG (or, H. p.) swyne
(mastid swyne, K. maste, s.)1
Maialis, CATH.
MASTYF, hownde (or mestyf,
infra.) Spartanus, COMM.
MASTYK, spyce. Mastix.
MASTYN beestys. Sagino, im-
pinguo.
MATE, idem quod FELAW, supra
in F. (or mar we, K.)
MATTE, or natte. flfatta, c. F.
storium, c. F. et UG. in stasis,
mattula, c. F.
MATEYNYS. Matutine.
MATERE. Materia,
MATTERAS, vndyr clothe of a bed
(matrace, K.) Lodix, CATH.
matracia.
MATFELON, herbe.2 Jacianigra;
et alba dicitur scabyowse, vel
covwede (cowewed, K. cobbed, P.)
MATYN at the chesse (mattyn,
s. P.) Mato, if. libro de tribus
Dietis, capitulo ij.
MATYNGE at the chesse. Matacio;
in libro iij. de dominis, ca. ij.
It appears that, though this term was frequently used as synonymous with leprosy, they
were sometimes considered as distinct. See Roquefort, v. Mesel. R. Brunne calls
the leprous Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, "be meselle," and states that for " foule
meselrie he comond with no man." Langt. Chron. p. 140. In the earlier Wicliffite
version the Syrian Naaman, iv. Kings, c. 5, and the four lepers in Samaria, c. 7, are
called " mesels." See also Sir Tristrem, p. 181 ; Vis. of Piers P. v. 1624, 4689, and
11,024; Chaucer, Persones T. &c. " A meselle, serpedo." CATH. ANG. "Mesyll, a
sicke man, meseav. Mesyll, the sickenesse, mesellerie.1' PALSG. " Meseau, a meselled,
scurvy, leaporous, lazarous person." COTG. See Weber's notes on Amis and Amiloun,
and Jamieson.
1 Masty signifies swine glutted with acorns or berries. A.-S. niseste, esca, baccce.
" Ye mastie swine, ye idle wretches,
Full of rotten slow tetches." Chaucer III. B. of Fame.
" Masty, fatte, as swyne be, gras. Maste for hogges, novriture a povrceaux. Acorne,
mast for swyne, gland. Many a falowe dere dyeth in the wynter for faulte of maste
(mast}, and that they haue no yonge springes to brouse vpon." PALSG. Compare
MESTYF, hogge, or swyne ; and FAT FOWLE, or beste, mestyde to be slayne, p. 151.
2 " Mattefelone, Jacea, herba est." CATH. ANG. It is said in a Treatise on the
virtues of herbs, Roy. MS 18 A. VI. f. 78, v°. that " Jasia nigra ys an herbe J?at me
clepyj> maudefelune, or bolwed, or yrychard, oj>er knoppewede : J>ys herbe ha^ leuys
ylyke to scabyose, and }>ys herbe haj> a flour of purpul colour." In the Synonymia of
herbs, Sloane MS. 5, is given " Jacea niyra, Gall, madfeloun, Ang. snapwort.'' Gerard
mentions the English names knap-weed, bull-weed, and matfelon ; also materfillon, or
matrefillen. It is the Centaurea nigra, Linn. Parkinson affirms that this plant is
called " matrefillon very corruptly from Aphylanthes," because the flowers are leafless ;
and Skinner suggests that from its scabrous nature it is suited to scourge felons withal.
Belg.
330
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(MATTED at the ches, p.)
IATTOK, instrumen
or twybyl, infra.}
MATTOK, instrument (or pykeys,
, Li&
marra, DICC.
i.go, DICC.
MATRONE, eld woman. Matrona.
MAW. Jecur.
MAVYCE, byrde.1
rula,fallica.
Maviscus, me-
MAWMENT.2 Ydolum, simulacrum.
MA(W)MENTRYE. Ydolatria.
MAWMENTER, or he bat dothe
mawmentrye. Ydolatra.
(MAWND, skype, s.3 Sportula.}
MAWNDEMENT (of a kinge, or a
lorde, P.) Mandatum, precep-
tum (edictum, P.)
MAYE, or mathe (worme, P.) idem
Belg. matten, fatigare. Cow-wede is again mentioned hereafter, under the word
OCULUS CHRISTI.
1 In Norfolk, according to Forby, the smaller thrush only, Turdus nwsicus, Linn,
is called mavis. The name is used by Chaucer, R. of Rose, 619 ; and Spenser,
" The Thrush replyes, the Mavis descant playes." Epithal. 81.
" Maviscus, ficedula, mawysse." Roy. MS. 17 C.XVII. " Mauys, a byrde, mavuis."
PALSG. " Mauvis, a Mavis, a Throstle, or Thrush." COTG. See Jamieson.
a It is evident that the name of Mahomet became, as in old French, a term denoting
any idol ; as also mahomerie, in low Latin mahomeria, was used to signify the worship
of any false deity. Amongst the charges brought by the King of France against Pope
Boniface VIII. one was that he "haunted maumetrie." Langt. Chron. p. 320. In
the version of the Manuel des Pecches, R. Brunne uses the word, speaking of a " prest
of Sarasyne," who lived in " maumetry." HAUL. MS. 1701, f. 2. See also R. Glouc.
p. 14 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 4656 ; Persone's T. p. 85 ; the Wicliffite version, i. Cor.
xii. 2; i. John, v. 21 ; and the relation of the conversion of King Lucius in Hardyng's
Chron. Hall calls Perkin Warbeck the Duchess of Burgundy's " newly-invented
mawmet," and speaks of him as the " feyned duke — but a peinted image." The cir-
cumstance that this name was applied to him is shown likewise by the passage in Pat.
14 Hen. VII. 1498, regarding the punishment of those persons in Devon and Cornwall
who " Michaeli Joseph rebelli et proditori nostro, out cuidam idolo, sive simulacra,
nomine Petro Warbek, infimi status viro, adhaeserint ." Ryrner, xii. 696. So also
Fabyan, relating the insurrections at Paris and Rouen in 1455, says that the men
of Rouen " made theym a mamet fatte and vnweldy, as a vylayne of the cytye, and
caryed him about the towne in a carte, and named hym, in dyrysyon of theyr prynce,
theyr kynge." Chron. Part VII. 7 Charles VII. " Chamos, a mawmett. Piameus,
a mawmett, or a fals mawmetrye, cubitalis est." MED. MS. CANT. "A mawmentt,
idolum, simulachrum. Mawmentry ; a mawment place ; a mawment wyrscheper,"
&c. CATH. ANG. " Simulachrum — a mawmet, or an ydoll." ORTUS. " Maumentry,
bagucnaulde. Maument, marmoset, poupee." PALSG. " A maumet, i. a child's babe."
GOULDMAN. See Mawment in Brockett, and the Craven Dialect.
3 " Mawnde, ubi mete vesselle (esca/e.)" CATH. ANG. Caxton says, in the Book for
Travellers, " Ghyselin the mande maker (corbillier) hath sold his vannes, his mandes
(corbilles) or corffes." " Manne, mande, a maunde, flasket, open basket, or pannier
having handles." COTG. This word is given by Ray, as used in the North, and noticed
likewise in the Craven Dialect. It is commonly used in Devon : see Palmer's Glos-
sary. Ang.-Sax. mand, corbis. It seems, as Spelman has suggested, that the Maunday,
or dole distributed on Holy Thursday, derived its name from the baskets wherein it
was given, and not from the Latin mandatum, in allusion to the command of Christ, or
from the French mendier. See a full account of the customs on this occasion in Brand's
Popular Antiquities. " Maundy thursday, ievuedy absolv." PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
331
quod MAKE, supra (may, or
mache, s.)1
MEDE, drynke. Medo, c. F. idro-
mellum, c. F. mulsum, UG. in
idor, et c. F.
MEEDE, rewarde. Premium, re-
tribucio, merces.
MEDEFULLE. Meritorius.
(MEDEWE, or mydewe, infra.
Pratum.)
et menowre, infra.}
MEDYCYNE (or metycyne, infra.}
Medicina.
MEDYN, or rewardyn. Munero,
remunero.
MEDLE, or mengynge to-gedur of
dyuerse thyngys. Mixtura.
(MEDLE coloure, p. Mixtura.)
MEDLYN, or mengyn (menglyn,
s.) Misceo.
MEDLYN, or entermetyn (inter-
mentyn, P.) Intromitto.
MEGYR, fysche.2 Megurus.
(MEHCHE, K. or fela, s. metche, P.)
Par, compar.
(MEYNPRISYN, supra in mayn-
prisyn, p.)
(MEYNPRESYNGE, supra in mayn-
prisinge, K. meyme prysynge, s.)
(MEYNTEYNE, supra in maynteyn,
p-)
MEYNTYNOUR, idem quod mayn-
tynour, supra, etin alia sillabd.
(Defensor, supportator.)
ME YR. Major, pretor, prepositus.
MERE. Humilis, mansuetus.
MEKE, and mylde, and buxum.
Pius, clemens, benignus.
MERELY. Humiliter, pie, man-
suete, suppliciter.
MEKENESSE, or lownesse. Hu-
militas.
MEKENESSE, and softenesse. Man-
suetudo, clemencia.
MEKYN, or make meke, and buxum.
Humilio.
MEKKYNGE, or a-botchement in
byynge (mekment, or boche-
ment, K. meckynge, H.) Am-
plificamentum, CATH. supple-
mentum, CATH. augmentum,
(auctorium, CATH. p.)
MEEL of mete (mele, or mete,
s. p.) Commestio, cibatus, UG.
et c. F. pastus, refeccio.
MEELE of corne growndyn'. Fa-
rina, far, CATH.
MELODYE. Melodia.
MELODYOWS. Melodiosus.
1 From the alphabetical position, it appears that MAYE should here be read MA>E. In
the Treatise of fishing with an Angle, in the St. Alban's Book, the following are given as
baits for roach in July : " The not worme, and mathewes, and maggotes, tyllMyghelmas."
Sign. i. ij. Ang.-Sax. ma'Sa, vermis. In the Northern Dialect a maggot is called a
mauk ; see Brockett, Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. " A mawke, cimex, lendex,
tarmus. Mawky, cimicosus, larmosus." CATH. ANG. " Tarmus, simax, a mawke."
Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Tarma, vermis bladi, a mawke." ORTUS.
2 It is not clear whether this is to be considered as an obsolete and local name for
the mackarel, meyarus having been previously given as the Latin name for that fish ;
see p. 321. The Maigre, Sciasna aquila, Cuv. Umbra Rondeletii, Willughby, the ce-
lebrated delicacy of the Mediterranean, is a wandering fish, which occasionally has
been taken on the coasts of Britain ; but the name here seems to be rather a corrup-
tion of the Latin, than derived from the French maigre. See that word in Cotgrave.
332
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MELTE,be the se\fe.Liqueo,CATH.
liquesco.
MELTYN, or make to melte.
Liquo, CATH. liquido, CATH.
MELTYNGE. Liquefactio.
MELWE, or rype (raelowe, p.)
Maturus.
MEMORYAL. Memorials.
MEMORYAL on a grawe, what so
hyt be, in remembrawnce of a
dede body (made in meend off
ded man or woman, s.) Co-
lossus, i. colens ossa, UG. in
colo.
MEMBRE, or lym. Membrum
(artus, P.)
MENDE. Memoria, mencio, mens
(recordacio, P.)
MEENDE HAVER, or mendowre.
Memor.
MEENDFULLE, or of good meende.
Memoriosusc.¥.(memorosus, s.
MEENE, myddys (medyl, H. P.
Medium.
MENE of a songe. Intercentus,
KYLW. (introcentus, s.)
MEENE, massyngere (massegere,
K.) Internuncius.
MEENE, or medyatowre (or me-
nowre, infra^) Mediator.
MENE WHYLE. Interim.
MEENLY in mesure (meneli, K.)
Mediocriter, mensurate.
MENGYN, idem quod medelyn,
supra.
(MENGYNGE, s. Mixtura, com-
MENY, of howsholde.1 Familia.
MENYN, or goon be-twene ij.
partyes for a-corde (goo a-twyx
for a-cord, HARL. MS. 2274.)
Medio.
MENYN yn herte, wel or evyl.
Intendo, CATH.
MENYNGE, a mannys purpos. In-
tencio.
MENKTE,2 or medelyd. Mixtus,
commixtus.
1 This term, derived from the French maisnie or magnie, a family, troop, or the
suite of a great personage, in low Latin maisnada, or mansionata, is very frequently
used by the old writers. Thus in the Wicliffite version, Job i. 3 is thus rendered :
" His possessioun was seuene thousand of shep — and ful meche meyne " (familia multa
nimis, Vulg.) See also R. Glouc. pp. 167, 180 ; Tyrwhitt's Glossary appended to
Chaucer, and his curious observations on " Hurlewaynes meyne." Sir John Maundevile
relates how the Great Chan, Changuys, riding " with a fewe meynee," was assailed by
a multitude of his foes, and unhorsed, but saved by means of an owl. Voiage, p. 271.
The term is used also to signify the set of chess-men, called in Latin familia, as in the
Wardrobe Book 28 Edw I. p. 351 : " una familia pro scaccario dejaspide el cristallo."
R. Brunne, in his version of Wace's description of the Coronation of Arthur, says that
some of the courtiers " drew forth meyne' of the chequer." Caxton, in the Book of
Travellers, says, " Grete me the lady or the damyselle of your hous, or of your her-
borough, your wyf, and all your meyne (vostre maisnye.)" " A rne^e, domus, domi-
cilium, familia." CATH. ANG. Horman says, " I dare not cople with myn ennemyes,
for my meyny (turmee] be sycke and wounded. A great meny of men can nat ones
wagge this stone. Here cometh a great meny (turbo.)" Palsgrave gives " Meny, a
housholde, menye. Meny of plantes, plantaige. Company, or meyny of shippes,^o^e.
After a great shower of rayne you shal se the water slyde downe from the hylles, as
thoughe there were a menye of brokes (vng tas de ruisseaux) had their spring3 there."
2 MENLTE, MS. menkte, K. s. p. menged, w. Gouldman gives the verb " to mein,
vide mingle." Ang.-Sax. mengan, miscere.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
333
MENOWRE, or medyatowre, idem
quod mene.
MENOUR FRERE, or frere menowre
(menowre friyr', p.) Minor.
MENSAL KNYFE, or borde knyfe.
Mensalis.
MENTEL. Mantellus, clamis, pal-
lium.
MENUCE, fysche.1 Silurus, UG.
in sileo, menusa, cinalis, KYLW.
MEERCERE. Marcerus (merce-
narius, K.)
MEERCERY, place or strete where
mercerys syllyn here ware (dwell
or sell, P.) Merceria.
(MERCERY, chaffare, K. H. p.
Mercimonium.}
MERCY. Misericordia, propici-
acio.
MERCYFULLE. Misericors, pro-
picius (propiciatus, P.)
MERCYFULLY. Misericorditer.
MERCYMENT, or a-mercyment
(ameercyment, s.) Multa, c. F.
et KYLW.
MERCURYE, sterre. Mercurius.
MERCURY, herbe.2 Mercunalis.
MEERE, horse. Equa.
MERE, watur (mer, or see, water,
w.) Mare.
MEER, marke be-twene ij. londys
(atwen to londys, K.)3 Meta,
meris, c. F. et UG. limes, c. F.
(divia, interfinium, K. diuisa, p.)
1 " Aforus est piscis, a menuse." MED. Seethe Equivoca of John de Garlandia,
with the interpretations of Magister Galfridus, probably the same as the compiler of
the Promptorium, where it is said " Mena est quidam piscis, Anglice a penke, or a
menew penke, sic dictus a mena, Grece, quod lima Latine; quia secundum incrementum
et decrementum lune singulis mensibus crescit et decrescit." Ed. Pynson, 1514. The
minnow is still called pink in Warwickshire, and some other parts of England ; see
also Plot's Hist. Oxf. and Isaac Walton. Gouldman gives " pisciculi minuti, small
fishes called menews or peers."
2 Gautier de Bibelesworth speaks of " mercurial de graunt valur," where the English
name, given in the Gloss, is " smerewort." The ancient herbalists are diffuse in their
accounts of the virtues of this plant : it is stated by Dioscorides and other writers that
the species mariparum a.n.df<eminiparum produced the effect of engendering male or
female children.
3 In Norfolk, according to Forby, a Mara-balk, or mere, is a narrow slip of un-
ploughed land, which separates properties in a common field. " Limes est callis et finis
dividens agros, a meere. Bifinium, locus inter duos fines, a mere, or a hedlande." MED.
MS. CANT. " A meyre stane, bifinium, limes." CATH. ANG. In a decree, t. Hen. VI.
relating to Broadway, Worcestershire, printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps, part of the
boundaries of Pershore Abbey is described as the " mere dyche." In the curious herbal,
Arund. MS. 42, f. 55, it is said that " Carui — growe}> mykel in merys in >e feld, and
in drye placysof gode erj>e." In Sir Thos. Wharton's Letter to Hen. VIII. in 1543,
regarding the preservation of peace in the North country, is the recommendation " that
all the meir grounddes of Yngland and Scotland to bee certanely knowne to the
marchers, the inhabitauntes of the same." State Papers, v. 309. The verb to mere,
to have a common boundary, occurs in another document, printed in the same collec-
tion ; see the Glossary in vol. ii. Leland relates, Itin. vi. p. 62, that " Sir John
Dicons told me that yn digging of a balke or mere yn a felde longgyng to the paroche of
Keninghaul in Northfolk ther were founde a great many yerthen pottes yn order, cum
cineribus mortuorum." Elyot gives " terminalis lapis, a mere stone, laide or pyghte
at the ende of sundry mens landes. Cardo, mere, or boundes which passeth through
334
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MERESAUCE.1 Muria, NECC.
MERKE, tokyne. Signum, carac-
ter, UG.
MERKE of bowndys, as dolys, and
other lyke (supra in mere, p.)2
Tramaricia, CATH. (meta, w.)
(MERKE, or prykke, infra. Meta.)
MERKYD, or merkyn (ormorkyn,
infra; morkyn, K. p. tokenyd,
w.) Signatus.
MERKYN. Signo, consigno.
MERKYNGE. Signacio.
MERLYNGE, fyshe. Gamarus,
merlinguS) COMM.
MERLYONE, byrd (merlinge, p.)
Merulus, c. F. alietus, c. F.
MERVALE. Mirabile, prodigium,
portentum, mirum.
MERVELYN. Miror, admiror.
MERVALYOWSE. Mira.bilis,mirus.
MERVELYOWSE yn werkynge. Mi-
rificus.
MESSE of mete. Ferculum.
MESSE, or masse. Missa.
MESSBOKE. Missale, missalis.
MESTYF, hogge, or swyne.3 Mai-
alis, CATH.
MESTYF, hownde, idem quod
mastyf, supra; et spartanus,
c. F. CATH. umber, KYLW.
MEYSTEN, idem quod mastyfi.
MESTLYONE, or monge corne (or
dragge,*wj»m; mestilione, corne,
K. mongorne, s.)4 Mixtilio, bi-
germen, UG. in bis.
MESURABLY. Mensurate (mo-
derate, P.)
the field." The following words occur in Gouldman : "To cast a meer with a plough,
urbo. A meer, or mark, terminus, meta, limes. A meer stone, v. Bound.'' Ang.-Sax.
meare, finis.
1 " Mere sauce for flesshe, savlmure." PALSG. The Anglo-Saxon name for pickle,
or brine, was morode ; in old French mure. " Saulmure, pickle, the brine of salt ;
the liquor of flesh, or fish pickled, or salted in barrels, &c." COTG.
2 See the note on the word DOLE, p. 126.
3 See the note on the word MAST HOG, or mastid swyne, according to the reading of
the Cambridge MS. In the Catholicon maialis is explained to be "porous domesticus
et pinguis, carens testiculis,-" to which is added in the Ortus, " a bargh hogge." The
Winchester MS. agrees here in the reading MESTYF, otherwise it might have been con-
jectured that it should have been written MESTYD hogge ; the derivation in either case
being apparently from the Ang.-Sax. msestan, saginare. Skinner supposes that the
word mastiff, denoting a dog of unusual size, is also thence derived ; but it seems more
probable that it was taken from the old French mestif, which, according to Cotgrave,
signified a mongrel. In the Craven Dialect a great dog is still called a masty.
4 Meslin-bread, made with a mixture of equal parts of wheat and rye, was, according
to Forhy, formerly considered as a delicacy in the Eastern counties, the household loaf
being composed of rye alone. The mixed grain termed maslin is commended by Tusser.
It was used in France in the concoction of beer, as appears by the regulations for the
brewers of Paris, 1254, who were to use "grains, c'esta savoir, d'orye, de mestuel, et
de dragee.'1'' Reglements, t. Louis IX. ed. Depping, p. 29. In 1327, it appears by the
almoner's accounts at Ely that five quarters of mesling cost 20*. and two quarters of
corn 9*. 4d. Stevenson's Supp. to Bentham, p. 53. In 1466 Sir John Howard paid,
amongst various provisions for his " kervelle " on a voyage to " Sprewse, for a combe
of mystelon, ij.s. vj.rf." Household Expenses, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B.
Botfield, Esq. p. 347. See also a letter, about 1482, in the Paston Correspondence,
V. 292. In the Inventory of Merevale Abbey, taken in 1538, occurs " grayne at the
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
335
MESURE (or met, infra.) Men-
sura.
MESURE, yn' manerys. Tempe-
rancia, moderacio, modificacio,
mediocritas.
MESURE of mete, of lycorys, as
pottys, and ober lyke. Metreta,
CATH.
MESURE, in vse of cloysterrys (sic)
nedefulle thyngys (mesure, and
wyse governawnce of clothys,
and mete, and nedeful thyngys,
s . ) Fruga lit as.
MESURYD wythe mesure. Men-
suratus.
MESUR YD yn manerys. Moderatus.
MESURYD yn' qualyte. Tempo-
ratus.
MESURYN, or metyn. Mensuro,
mencior, CATH.
MESURYN yn vertu. Modifico,
modero.
MET, idem quod mesure, supra
(mette, s. P.)
MET, scantylyon' (mete, or me-
sure, or scantlyon, s.)1 Amona,
c. F. (et non annona, s.)
(METCHE, or peere, infra. Par.)
MEETE, fode. Cibus, esca, pran-
dium, epulum, epule.
METE, or fyt, or evene (meet,
and feyt, or evyn, s.)2 Equus.
METYCYNES (medycyn, or met-
tecyn, s.) Medicina.
METESYTEL, to kepe in mete
(metfyttyl, or almary, K. mete
fetyll, or almery, p.)4 Cibutum,
c. F. UG. in cilleo.
METEL. Metallum.
METE YEVARE (metesevare, K.)
Dapsilis, dapaticus, UG. v. in A.
METE CORNE. Panicium, CATH.
(calamus mensure, dicit c. F. s.)
METETABYL, that ys remevyd
whan mete ys done. Cillaba,
CATH.
METYN to-gedyr yn wey or place.
Obvio.
MEET wythe an el wande (eln-
wonde, K.) Ulno, Dice.
monastery, myskelen, xij. strykes." At the dinner given in 1561 to the Duke of
Norfolk by the Mayor of Norwich, there were provided " xvj. loves white bread, iv.d.
xviij. loves wheaten bread, ix.d. iij. loves mislin bread, iij.^." Leland, Itin. vi. xvij.
Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers, that " Paulyn the meter of corne hath so
moche moten of corne and of mestelyn (mestelon) that he may no more for age." Plot
states that the Oxfordshire land termed sour is good for wheat and "miscellan," namely,
wheat and rye mixed. Hist. Oxf. p. 242. In the Ortus, mixtilio is rendered " medeled
corne ;" in Harl. MS. 1587, " mastcleyne." " Mastiljone, Mgermen, mixtilio." CATH.
ANG. Palsgrave gives " mestlyon corne," and " masclyne corne;" and Cotgrave
" Tramois, meslin of oats and barlie mixed. Meteil, messling, or misslin, wheat and
rie mingled, sowed, and used together.'' See DRAGGE, menglyd corne, p. 130.
1 " A mette, mensura, metreta, et proprie vini, metron Grece." CATH. ANG.
"Amona dicitur calamus mensure." ORTUS. In the Northern Dialect met still sig-
nifies a measure. See SCANTLYON, or scanklyone. Equissium.
2 — for evene, MS. Mete or evyn, K.
3 MEDYCYNE, MS. metecyne, H. p.
4 Cubitum, MS. In the Medulla cilutum is rendered "a mete whycche." See
ALMERY, p. 10. Possibly the long chest, such as is frequently termed a bacon-hutch,
is here intended, as it might serve also the purpose of a bench ; Ang.-Sax. setl, sedile.
A settle is, however, properly the high-backed bench placed near the fire. See Forby.
CAMD. SOC.
2 x
336 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MEETE londe, or set bowndys.
Meto, CATH.
METYNGE to-gedyr. Obviacio.
METYNGE wythe mesurys. Men-
suracio.
METYR. Metrum.
(METWANDE, idem quod 3erde
infra; met wonde, K. p.
MEVYN, or steryn. Moveo.
MEVYN, or remevyn (or remown,
infra.) Amoveo.
MEVYNGE, or sterynge. Motus,
mocio, commocio.
MYCHARE.2 Capax, c. F. man-
ticulus, CATH. cleps vel cleptes,
CATH.furunculus, erro, UG. v.
in P.
MYCHEKYNE.3 Pastilla.
1 Stowe asserts that Hen. I. reformed the measures, and fixed the ulna by the length
of his own arm, " and now the same is called a yard, or ametwand." " A meat-wand,
virga." GOULDMAN. " A meate-wand, verge par le moyen de laquelle on mesure
quelque longueur ou distance." SHERWOOD. In Levit. xix. 35, mensura, Vulg. is
rendered, in Coverdale's Bible, a " meteyarde." Ang.-Sax. met-geard. Palsgrave
gives the verb, " I measure clothe with a yerde, or mette yerde/'
2 Tapax, MS. as also MYCHERY, Tapacitas, and MYCHYN, Tapio. A mychare
seems to denote properly a sneaking thief. Gower thus describes secretum latrocinium ;
" With couetise yet I finde
A seruant of the same kinde,
Which stelth is hote, and micherie
With hym is euer in company."
See also Towneley Myst. pp. 216, 308, and the Hye way to the Spyttell house.
" Mychers, hedge crepers, fylloks and luskes,
That all the somer kepe dyches and buskes." Ed. Utterson, ii. 11.
It signifies also one who commits any sneaking, mean, or miserly act : and, according
to Nares, a truant. Horman says, " He strake hym through the syde with a dager,
and ranne away like a mycher (latibundus aufugit.} He is a mychar (vagus, non dis-
colusi) a rennar awey or a mychar (fuaitivus.)" " Micher, a lytell thefe, larronceav.
Michar, Ivissonnier." PALSG. " Dramer, to miche, pinch, dodge, to use, dispose of,
or deliver out things by a precise weight, as if the measurer were afraid to touch them,
&c. Vilain, a churle, also a miser, micher, pinch pennie, penny father. Senaud, a
craftie lacke, or a rich micher, a rich man that pretends himselfe to be very poore.
Caqueraffe, a base micher, scuruie hagler, lowsie dodger, &c. Caqueduc, a niggard,
micher," &c. COTG. " To mich in a corner, deliteo. A micher, vide Truant." GOULDM.
Tusser uses the term micher, which is not given in the East- Anglian Glossaries.
3 Chaucer uses the term mitche, R. of Rose, 5585, where it is explained by Tyrwhitt
as signifying a manchet, a loaf of fine bread. The old French word miche, and Latin
mica, or michia, signify, according to Roquefort and Ducange, a small loaf. "Mica
ponitur pro pane modico qui fit in curiis magnatorum vel in monasteriis." CATH.
Hearne gives in the notes to the Liber Niger, p. 654, a quotation from the Register of
Oseney, 52 Hen. Ill, wherein mention occurs of magna michice, of the lisa and sala
michia ; and Spelman cites a document which describes " albos panes, vocatos michis."
In 1351 Robert, Abbot of Lilleshall, granted " viij. magnas micas majoris ponderis de
pane convening" to Adam de Kaukbury ; and a corrody is enregistered in the Leiger
Book of Shrewsbury Abbey, by which Abbot Lye granted, in 1508, to his sister, " viij.
panes conventuales vulgariter myches vocatos," &c. Blakeway's Hist. ii. 129. MYCHE-
KYNE seems to be merely a diminutive. " Pastilla, a cake, craknell, or wyg." ORTUS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
337
MYCHERY. Capacitas, manticula-
tusjfurtulum, CATH. cleptura.
(MYCHYN, P. Manticulo.)
MYCHYN, or pryuely stelyn smale
thyngys.1 Surripio,CAiu.clepo,
c. F. capio, c. F. furtulo (ca-
paxo, H. manticulo, HARL. MS.
2274.)
MYDEWE, or medewe. Pratum.
MYDDYL, of be waste of mannys
body. Vastitas,CA.TU.astrosea.
MYDDYL, of a donghylle.2 Forica.
MYDDYS, or the myd part of a
thynge. Medium.
MYDRYF of a beste (midrym,
K. H. s. P. myddryn, HARL. MS.
2274.) Diafragma, diafrag-
men, Dice.
MYDWARD, idem quod myddys,
supra,
(MYDWE, supra in mydow, s.)
MYDWYFE. Obstetric.
MYGREYME, sekenesse (migrym,
K. midgrame, H. mygrene, s.
midgrym, p.)3 Emigranea.
MYGHTE (mihte, K. myhtte, s.)
Fortitude, vigor, potencia.
MYGHTY (mihti, K. myhty, s.)
Fortis, potens, vigor osus.
MYGHTYLY (mihtili, K. myhtyly,
s.) Fortiter, potenter, valide,
vigorose.
MYKYL. Multus.
MYLLARE. Molendinarius.
MYLLARYS THOWMBE, fysche
(millathowme, fishe, K.) Capita.
MYLCHE, or mylte (or spleen,
infra.) Splen, CATH. lactis,
proprie mylche.
MYLCHE, or mylke of a cowe.
Lac.
MYLCHE COWE. Bassaris, vel
vacca mulsaria, c. F.
MYYLD, and buxum. Pius, be-
nignus, mansuetus, supplex.
MYLDEW. Uredo, c. F. a(u)~
rugo, CATH. erugo, c. F.
MYLE. Miliare, miliarium, c. F.
(leuca, K.)
MYLLE. Molendinum, c. F.
MYLLYFOLY, herbe. Millefolium,
sanguinaria, CATH.
MYLLEHOWSE. Molendina, mo-
lendinum, c. F.
MYLLESTONE. Molaris.
1 A distinction is here made in Pynson's and the other editions of the Promptorium.
Mychyn. Manticulo. Mychyn, or stelyn pryuely. Surripio, clepo, capaxo.
2 The reading of the Winch. MS. is Myddyl, or dongyl, so termed possibly from its
position in the fold-yard. In the North the Ang.-Sax. midding, sterquilinium, is a
term still in use, as in the Towneley Myst. p. 30. " Fumarium, myddyng." Roy. MS.
17 C. XVII. " A middynge, sterquilinium.'1 CATH. ANG. The following lines occur
in a poem, where man is exhorted to contemplate heaven and hell, the world, and sin :
" A fuler mydding of vilonie,
Saw thou neuere in londe of pes,
Than thou art with in namely,
Than hastow matere of pride to cesse." Add. MS. 10,053, p. 146.
3 " Emigraneus, vermis capitis, Anglice the mygryne, or the hede worme. ' ORTUS.
" pe emygrane, emigraneus. \>e mygrane, ubi emigrane." CATH. ANG. "Migrym,
a sickenesse, chagrin, maigre." PALSG. Remedies are given in Arund. MS. 42,
f. 105, v°.
338
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MYLLE TROW, or benge (mill
troughe, or beugge, sic, p.)1
Farricapsa.
MYLKE, idem ^woe?mylche, supra.
MYLKE METE, or mete made wythe
mylke. Lactatum, CATH. (lac-
ticinium, P.)
MYLKE STOP, or payle. Multra,
vel multrum, CATH.
MYLKYN. Mulgeo, CATH.
MYLTE, idem quod mylche, supra.
MYYNDE, idem quod ineende.
MYNYN' of songys (mynym,HARL.
MS. 2274, P.) Minima.
MYNSTRAL (or gluman, supra.)
Ministraulus (histrio, p.)
MYNSTRALSYE (or glu, supra.)
Musica, organicum.
MYNSTRE, chyrche. Monasterium.
MYNYSTER, servawnt (ormynster,
K. P.) Minister, famulus, servus.
MYNTE, herbe. Minta.
MYNTYN, or amyn towarde, for to
assayen (myntyn, or ame to-
wor, or assayen, H. p. sayyn, s.)2
Attempto.
(MYNURE, s.3 Mineral)
(MINUTE of an howur, K. s. Mi-
nuta.)
MYRACLE. Miraculum.
MYRE, or maryce. Labina, c. F.
palus, CATH.
MYRY yn chere. Letus,jocundus,
jocosus, hillaris.
MYRYLY. Gaudenter,hillariter,
letanter (jocose, P.)
MYRY TOTTYR, chylderys game
(miritotyr, K.)4 Oscillum, CATH.
et c. F.
MYRY WEDER, or softe weder
1 See BENGERE of a mylle, p. 31. " Faricapsa, an hoper." ORTUS.
2 " I mente, I gesse or ayme to hytte a thynge that I shote or throwe at, le esme.
I dyd ment at a fatte bucke, but I dyd hyt a pricket." PALSG. Forby gives " mink,
mint, to attempt. Alem. meinta, intentio." See Brockett's Glossary, and Jamieson, v.
mint, signifying to aim at, to have a mind to do something. Ang.-Sax. myntan, disponere.
3 Minera, according to Job. de Garlandia, is a vein of ore, a mine ; or, as Upton
uses the word, a mine formed during a siege. Mil. Off. i. c. 3.
4 Chaucer, in the Miller's Tale, puts the following taunt into the mouth of the
Smith, who awakes Absolon, bidding him seek vengeance for the ill success of his amour :
" What eileth you ? some gay girle, God it wote,
Hath brought you thus on the merytote." Cant. T. 3768.
Tyrwhitt prints this line — " upon the viretote." Speght, in his Glossary, explains the
word as signifying a swing, oscillum, suspended from a beam for the amusement of
children. Strutt mentions the meritot, or merry trotter, in his Sports and Pastimes,
p. 226, and in the Orbis Sensualium of Comenius it is given under the sports of boys,
who are represented " swinging themselves upon a merry-totter, super petaurum se
agitantes et oscUlantes." Ed. Hoole, c. cxxxvj. Skinner gives this word on the au-
thority of the Diction. Angl. 1658, and supposes it to be of French derivation, from
virer and tost, quickly. In the Cath. Ang. the word is twice given, under the letter
M. "A Merytotyr, oscillum, petaurus ;" and again under the letter T. " A mery
Totyr, petaurus, etc. ubi a mere totyr." Palsgrave gives " Tyttertotter, a play for
chylclre, balenchoeres.'1 See the Craven Glossary, v. Merry-totter, and Brand's Po-
pular Antiqu. See hereafter TOTYR, or myry totyr, and the verb WAWYN, or wauervn
yn a myry totyr, oscillo. According to Forby to titter, or titter- cum-totter, signifies in
Norfolk to ride on each end of a balanced plank.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
339
(mery weddyr, s.)1 Malaria,
c. F.
MYRKE, or dyrke (thirke, K. n. s.
darke, p.)2 Obscurus, tene-
broms (opacus, P.)
MYRKENESSE, or dorkenesse
(thirkenes, K. thyrknesse, s.
derkenesse, P.) Tenebrositas,
obscuritaS) tenebre.
MYRTHE. Leticia, jocunditas,
gaudium.
MYROWRE, or myrowre glasse.
Speculum.
MYSAWNTER, or myscheve (mis-
aventure, K. p. myschefe, s.)
Jnfortunium, disfortunium.
MYSCHAPYN' yn kynde. Mon-
struosus.
MYSCHAPE thynge yn kynde.
Monstruosus, monstrum.
MYSCHAWNCE, idem quod my-
sawnter (or myschefe, s. p.)
MYSEL, or mesel, or lepre. Le-
prosus.
MYSELRYE, or lepre. Lepra.
MYSCH AP, idem quod myschaunce
(or mysawnter, supra, or on-
hap, infra; mishef, K. myschef,
H. myshap, s.)
MYS HAPPY, or vnhappy. Infor-
tunatus, disfortunatus.
MYSE, or mysys.3 Mice, in plur.
1 Merry is not infrequently used by the old writers in the sense of pleasant. Ang.-
Sax. myris, jucundus. In the version of Vegecius, attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18
A. XII. it is observed that wise warriors in olden times used to " occupie theire foot
menne in dedes of armes in the felde in mery wedire, and vndre roof in housing in
fowle wedre." B. HI. c. 2. Again, precaution is recommended at sea against unsettled
weather, and the diversity of places, " the whiche maketh ofte of mery wedre grete
tempestes, and of grete tempestes mery weder and clere." B. iv. c. 38. The arms
borne by the name of Merewether are to be classed with the armoiries parlantes ;
namely, Or, three martlets sable, on a chief azure a sun in splendour ; the martlet
being, as it was supposed, an omen of fair weather.
2 This word occurs in Brunne's version of Langtoft, p. 176 ; Chaucer's Rom. of R.
v. 5339 ; the Vis. of Piers Ploughman ; Awntyrs of Arthure, 68; Towneley Myst. p. 167.
In a description of hell, in Add. MS. 10,053, p. 136, the following passage occurs :
" Synne shal to endeles payne the lede
In helle, that is hidous and merke. —
Ther is stynk, and smoke a-mong,
And merkenesse, more than euer was here.*'
" Mirke, ater, caliginosus, fuscus, obscurus, umbrosus. A mirknes, ablucinacio, i.
lucis alienacio, chaos, &c. To make or to be mirke, tenebrare, nigrere." CATH. ANG.
" Myrke, or darke, brun, obscur. I myrke, I darke, or make darke (Lydgat), le
olscurcys." PALSG. See Brockett, Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. Ang.-Sax. mire,
tenebrce. See THERKE, hereafter.
3 This term apparently denotes crumbs or grated particles of bread, called in French
mies, or mioches. " Mica, reliquie pants, vel quod cadit de pane dum frangitur et
comeditur, Sfc. a crome of brede." ORTUS. In the Book of Cookery, written 1381,
and printed by Pegge with the Forme of Cury, it is directed to take onions, " and
myce hem ri3t smal," as also to " myse bred," &c. pp. 93, 95. The participle " myyd "
occurs in Sloane MS. 1986, f. 85, and other passages, and signifies grated bread,
which, as it has been observed in the note on the verb GRATE, p. 207, was much used
in ancient cookery.
340
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MYSSYN, as eyne for dymnesse
(as eyen, H. iyen, p.) Caligo.
MYSSYN, or wantyn. Careo,CATH.
MYST, or rooke (roke, K. H. s. p.)
Nubilum, c. F. nebula, CATH.
utrumque UG. in nubo.
MYSTERY, or prevyte. Misterium.
(MYSTERYNGE, or musterynge,
infra in romelynge.)
MYSTY, or prevey to mannys
wytte. Misticus.
MYSTY, or rooky, as the eyre
(roky, K. H. s.) Nebulosus,
CATH.
MYSTY(N),or grow roky as wedur,
and mysty. Obnubilo.
MYSTERE, or nede (mistyr, p.)1
Indigencia, opus.
MYSTLYONE, supra in mestlyone.
JBigermen, UG. in bis, mixtilio.
MYSVSYN. Abutor, UG. in utor.
MYNUTE (myte, K. HARL. MS.
2274, P.)2 Minutum.
MYTEYNE(or cuife, glove, supra.)3
1 " A mister, ubi a nede. A nede, necessitas, necesse, opus," &c. CATU. ANG.
Roquefort gives the following explanation of the French word, whence this appears to
betaken: " Mester, mestier : besoin, necessaire," &c. Chaucer uses the word " mis-
tere," signifying need, as of daily food, in the comparison between the wealthy miser
and the poor man ; R. of Rose, v. 5614 ; and again, in the sense of requiring the ser-
vices of any one ; see the address of Love to False Semblant, ib. v. 6078. See
Towneley Myst. pp. 90, 234, and Jamieson, v. Mister.
2 The position of this word in the alphabetical arrangement would indicate that the
reading of the Cambridge MS. is here to be preferred. Mynute was, however, used
synonymously with mite, as appears by the passage in the Wicliffite version, Mark xii.
42, quoted in the note on cu, halfe a farthynge, p. 106. Gouldman gives " a minute,
or q. which is half a farthing, minutum." It is said in the Ortus, " minutum est
quoddam genus ponderis, scilicet media pars quadrantis;" and a distinction appears to
be made in the following citation : " A myte, tnita : a myte, quod est pondus, mi-
nutum." CATH. ANG. Palsgrave gives "myte, the leest coyne that is, pite," which
was a little piece struck at Poitiers, Pictavina, and of the value of half an obole ; and
Sherwood renders " Mite (the smallest of weights, or of coine) Minute; aussi, vne
petite piece de monnoye non vsitee." There is no evidence that any coin of such value
was ever struck in England, but small foreign pieces may have been circulated, such as
the Poitevine, or the " dyner of Genoa," which also, according to R. Holme, was
worth half a farthing. Acad. of Arm. B. in. c. 30. Roquefort explains mite as sig-
nifying a Flemish copper coin ; but, according to Ducange, the value of the Flemish mita
was four oboli. It is, however, possible that fractional parts of the silver penny or farthing
might occasionally pass as mites : thus entries frequently occur in the Accounts of the
Keeper of St. Cuthbert's Shrine, during the XVth cent, as cited by Raine, respecting
"fracta pecunia ;" and the petition of the Commons in 1444, 23 Hen. VI. complains
of the great injury that arose from the division of coin, for want of small currency, and
craves that the breaking of white money be forbidden under a heavy penalty. Rot. Parl.
V. 109.
3 " Mita est pilum friffium, or a myttane. Mantus, a myteyn, or a mantell."
ORTUS. " A mytane, mitta, mitana." CATH. ANG. In the curious dictionary of
John de Garlandia it is said that " cirothecarii decipiunt scolares Parisius (sic) ven-
dendo cirothecas simplices, et furratas pellibus ayninis, cuniculinis, vulpinis, et mictas
de corio facias." The following explanation is given in the gloss : " Mitas, Gallice
mitanes (mitheines, al.) a mitos, quod estfilum, quia primo fiebant defilo vel de panno
laneo, et adhucfiunt a vulgo." MS. Bibl. Rothom. It is said in the Catholicon that
" a manus dicitur mantus, quia manus tegat tantum, est enim brevis amictus," &c.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
341
Mitta, Dice, mancus, CATH. et
C. F.
(MYHTH, H. might, p. Fortitudo.)
(MYHTHY, H. mighty, p. Fortis,
potens, vigorosus.)
(MYTHYLY, H. Fortiter.)
MYTRfi(or mytir, p.) Mitra, tiara.
MYTRYD. Mitratus.
MYTRYN. Mitro.
MODY, or angry, supra in A.
MODYFYYN, or settyn yn mene
cowrse of resone (settyn in cure
or reason, p.)1 Modifico.
MODER, servaunte, or wenche
(moddyr, s.)2 Carisia, CATH.
MOODER, forthe bryngere. Mater,
genitrix.
MOODUR IN LAWE. SocruS.
MODERLES chylde. Pupillm, pu-
pilla.
MODYR QWELLARE (modyrsleere,
K.) Matricida.
MODUR QWELLYNGE. Matrici-
dium.
MODYR WORTE, herbe (or mug-
worte, infra.) Artemesia.
MOYST. Humidus.
MOYSTYN, or make moyste. Hu-
mecto.
MOYSTURE. Humor.
MOCKE, or mokke.3 Cachin(n)a.
MOCKE, or skorne. Valgia.
MOKKE londe wythe donge. Fimo,
infimo.
MOKE vynys. Pastino, COMM.
MOKKYN, or iapyn, or tryfelyfi.
Ludifico, c. F.
MOLDALE (molde ale, s.)4 Po-
tacio funerosa, vel funer(a)lis,
UG. infos.
the primary sense of this Latin term being a short garment or mantle. In the minute
description of the garb of the Ploughman are mentioned his " myteynes " made of
cloutes, with the fingers " for-werd,'' or worn away; see Creed of Piers P. v. 851.
Amongst the feigned miraculous gifts whereby the Pardoner in the Cant. Tales states
that he turned to account the credulity of his hearers, one was a mitaine :
" He that his hand wol put in this mitaine,
He shal have multiplying of his graine." Cant. T. v. 12307.
In 1392 Rich. Bridesall, merchant, of York, bequeaths " meum magnum dowblet, et
meum mytans de tforre, et meum dagardum." Test. Ebor. i. p. 174.
1 This verb is placed in the MSS. as likewise in the printed copies, between MOOR-
DERYN and MORYN. " I modefye, I temperate, le me modifie, and le me trempe.
What thoughe he speke a hastye worde, you muste modyfye your selfe." PALSG.
2 The term mauther has been recognised as peculiarly East- Anglian by Sir Thos.
Browne, Spelman, Forby, and Moor. It is used by B. Jonson. Tusser, in his list
of husbandly furniture, includes " a sling for a mother (moether, al. ed.} a bow for a
boy," intended for driving away birds, as he advises, in September's husbandry, to set
" mother or boy " to scare away pigeons and rooks from the newly-sown land, with
loud cries, sling, or bow. " Puera, a woman chylde, callyd in Cambrydge shyre a
modder. Pupa, a yonge wenche, a gyrle, a modder.'1 ELYOT. " Baquelette, a young
wench, mother, girle. Fille, a maid, girle, modder, lasse," &c. COTG. "A modder,
fillette, jeune garse, garsette." SHERW. " A modder, wench or girl, puera, pupa."
GOULDM. Compare FALSE MODDER, or wenche, p. 148. Dan. moer, Belg. modde, puella.
3 Possibly the correct reading should here be MOCKE, or mowe. See MO\VE, or skorne.
4 See the account of funeral entertainments in Brand's Popular Antiquities. Wine
or ale sweetened and spiced was termed mulled, as Skinner supposes, from the Latin
342
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MOOLDARE of paste (moldare of
bred, K. P.) Pistricus, pistrica,
pistrio, CATH. UG. pistrix, UG.
MOLD, forme. Duca.
MOOLD, or soyle of ertfae. Solum,
humus.
MOOLD for a belle, or a potte.
Effigies, KYLW.
MOOLDE breed. Pinso, CATH. et
UG. pisto, CATH. pistrio, CATH.
pindo, UG. v.
MOOLD YNGE of paste. Pistura,
ducamen.
MOLLE. Talpa.
MOLEYNE, herbe. Tapsus, c. F.
barbascus, vel tapsus barbascus.
MOLET, fysche. Mullus, c. F. et
UG. in mollis.
MOLOWRE, gryndynge stone (for
colourys, K.) Mola, CATH. et
C. F.
MOME, or awnte, supra in A.
(faders suster.1 Ameta, P.)
(MoME, or aunte, moders syster,
p. Matertera, CATH.)
MOONE, or mornynge, idem quod
waymentynge, infra in V. (or
waylynge, infra; morne, s.
Lamentacio.^)
MONE, planete. Luna, phebes,
vel febes, CATH. et c. F.
MONG CORNE (supra wmestlyon,
s.) Mixtilio.
MONGE PRESAWNTE.2 Sicho-
phanta, CATH. c. F. et UG.
Mo NY. Pecunia, moneta, pe-
culium, CATH.
MONYMENT, or charterys, or ober
lyke. Munimentum (monumen,
s. monumentum, P.)
MONYON, or monyn, or bry(n)ge to
mynde (monyynge, ormoynynge,
H. mouyn, p.) Commemoro.
MONYOWRE. Nummularius, mo-
netarius, c. F. erarius.
MONYTHE. Mensis.
MOPPE, or popyne.3 Pupa, pusio.
MOORE, or maryce. Mariscus.
MORE of the fenne. Palustrum,
palustre.
MooRD(E)RARE(morederar,K.p.)
Sicarius, CATH. et c. F.
MORDERYD. Sicariatus.
MOORDERYN, or prively kyllyn.
Sicario.
MOORDERYNGE. Sicariacio, si-
cariatus, c. E.
MORE. Plus.
mollitum ; but more probably from the mulled or powdered condiments essential to the
concoction. Compare MULLYN, or breke to powder. "Molle, pulver," Sfc. CATH.
ANG. Island, mil, in minutas paries tundo ; prater, mulde.
1 MONE, MS. Compare Teut. moeme, Germ, muhme, matertera.
2 " Sichqfanta, i.falsus calumniator, velviliumrerum appetitor." CATH. "Maunche
present, briffavlt. I manche, I eate gredylye. Are you nat ashamed to manche (briffer)
your meate thus lyke a carter ? I monche, I eate rneate gredyly in a corner, ie loppine,"
&c. PALSG. Bp. Kennett gives "to munge, to eat greedily; Wilts.'' Lansd. MS.
1033. " A manch-present, dorophagus." GOULDM. " Brifaut, a hasty devourer, a
fast eater, a ravenous feeder, a greedy glutton." COTG.
3 MOPPE signifies here a child's doll, formed of rags, as POPYN is explained here-
after to be a " chylde of clowtys." Nares gives it as a term of endearment to a girl,
as moppet is used in Suffolk, according to Moor. "A little mopse, puellula."
GOULDM. In the Sevyn Sages, v. 1414, the foolish burgess who went from his home
to seek a wife is said to have gone forth " as a moppe wild," where the word is ex-
plained by Weber as signifying a fool.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
343
MORE, yn quantyte.1 Major.
MORE, in qualyte. Magis.
MOREYN, of pestylens. Mortali-
tas, pestilencia, pestis.
MOREL, herbe. Morella, sola-
trum, vel herba Sancte Marie.
MOREL, horse.2 Morellus.
MORFU, sekenesse. Morphea.
MORYN, or make more (mooryn,
H.) Major o.
MORYN, and largyn (moryn, or
makyn more large, K.) Amplio,
amplifico.
MORYN, or yncresyn.3 Augeo,
CATH. adaugeo.
MORYVE (morryve, s.)4 Dos.
MORKYN (or merkyd, supra;
morkinge, p.) Signatus.
MORMAL, sekenesse.5 Malum
mortuum.
1 This comparative frequently signifies large dimension, and not number.
rhinoceros is described as
Thus in
Kyng Alis. v. 6529, the rhinoceros is described as " more than an olifaunt ;" and in
the Wicliffite version it is used to express superior, by priority of birth ; where it is
said that Isaac knew not Jacob, " for be heery hondis expressiden be licnesse of be
more son." Gen. xxvii. 23. In the Version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. XVIII. A. 12, the
heavy-armed troops are said to have had two kinds of darts, " one of the more assise,
the other of thelasse ; " the " pile," which measured 5^ feet in length, and the " broche,"
which was shorter by two feet. So likewise in the Golden Legend the " moreletanye,"
on St. Mark's day, is distinguished from the "less letanye, iij. days to fore the As-
cension." It is occasionally retained in names of places, as More Critchill, Dorset,
probably so called by way of distinction from Long Critchill, and other neighbouring
hamlets. The rebus, or canting device of the Mortons of Bushbury, Herefordshire,
repeatedly used amongst the ornaments of the chantry founded by one of that family on
the south side of the church, is a tun inscribed with the initial of his Christian name,
the syllable Mor being, as it would seem, expressed by the supposed dimension of the
tun, or its proportion to the scutcheon whereon it is placed.
2 Morellus is explained by Ducange as meaning subfuscus ; so likewise Roquefort
gives "morel; noir, tanne, tirant sur le brun." According to Cotgrave cheval morel
is a black horse. In the Towneley Mysteries, p. 9, " Morelle '' occurs as the name of
one of the horses yoked to Cain's plough.
3 Gower describes the glowing blush which restored beauty to the features of Lucrece,
on meeting her husband, " so that it myght not be mored." Conf. Am. vn. In the
curious metrical version of the most ancient grants to St. Edmund's Bury, preserved
iii the Register of Abbot Curteys, the following lines occur in the Charter of Canute :
" Bexample of whom (St. Edmund) I Knut am gretly mevyd,
To the holy martyr I wyl that al men se,
That his chirche be fraunchised and relevyd,
Moryd and encresyd as fer as lyth in me.''
Horman, amongst the passages from Terence, gives the following: "He dredith lest
thy olde angyr or hardnes be mored or incresyd."
4 Compare Ang. -Sax. morgan-gifti, dos nuptialis. In La3amon " mor^eue " occurs
in this sense, ed. Madden, iii. 249, and " moe^eue " ii. 175, which is in Wace's original
" douaire." See Hickes, Thes. i. p. ix. Pref. and Wachter, v. Morgengabe.
5 Chaucer, in the Prologue to Cant. T. v. 388, describes the Cook as afflicted with
" a mormal," or gangrene on his shin, called in Latin malum mortuum, and in old
French mauxmorz. Remedies for the mortmal may be found in Arund. MS. 42,
f. 105, v°; and in Sloane MS. 100, f. 58, v°, a compound is described of litharge of
gold, oil of roses, white wine, old urine, &c. which formed "a piastre bat William
Faryngdoun kny^t lete a squyer bat was his prisoner go quyt of his raunsum fore. This
CAMD. SOC. 2 Y
344
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MOORNYN, and sorowyn. Mereo,
gemo, CATH.
MooRNYNGE,or sorwynge. Meror,
luctus, gemitus.
MORNYNGE, or morwenynge (mor-
wyn, K. H. morwynge, s. mor-
nynge, or morowe, p.) Mane,
aurora, diluculum, c. F. lu-
canum, c. F. matuta, CATH.
matutinum (matutina, p.J
MOROW SPECHE (morwespeche,
K. H. morspech, s.)1 Crastinum
colloquium.
MORTAGONE, herbe. Herba
Martis.
MORTEYS of a tenowne (morteys or
tenon, p.) Gumphus, Dice, et
KYLW. incastratura, KYLW.
MORTER, vesselle of stampynge
(champynge, s.) Mortarium,
BRIT, mortariolum, BRIT.
MORTERE, for wallys makynge.
Cementum.
MORTER, for playsterynge (to
playster with, K.) Litura, c. F.
et CATH. in lino.
MORTRWYS, dyschmete (mor-
trews, K. morterews, s.)2 Pe-
ponum, apilois, KYLW. pepo,
mortaricium.
MOROW, idem quod mornynge,
supra (niorwyn, K. niorwe, H.)3
MOROW sTERRE(morwynstere,K.)
Lucifer, CATH. in vesper.
MOSSE, growynge a-mongys
stonys. Muscus, CATH. UG. in
marceus.
MOOSLE, or mosul for a nette
(mosle, or mosyl, s.) Oristri-
gium (promossida estidem, s.)
MOOTE, of an home blowynge (mot,
K.)4 Cornatus,classicum,CATH.
piastre wole hele a mormal, andcancre, and festre, and alle o)>ere sooris." Caxton says,
in the Book for Travellers, " Maximian the maistre of phisike can hele dropesye, blody
flyxe, tesyke, mormale (mormal.y " Mormall, (or marmoll,) a sore, lovp." PALSG.
1 This term denoted a periodical assembly of a gild : A. -Sax. morgen-spaec. See
Hickes, Thes. ii. 21, i., ix., and extracts from Registers of gilds at Lynn, Richards'
Hist. pp. 422, 477.
2 " Mortrewes" occur amongst the dishes mentioned by Chaucer in the account of
the Cook's abilities ; Cant. T. Prol. v. 386. " Mortrws, pepo, peponum." CATH. ANG.
" Pepo, i. melo, mortrews, et est similis cucurbite." ORTUS. Mortrews, according to
various recipes given in Harl. MS. 279 ; Cott. MS. Jul. D. vm. and Sloane MS. 1986,
seems to have been fish, or white meat ground small, and mixed with crumbs, rice flour,
&c. See in the last mentioned compilation " mortrews de chare, blanchyd mortrews, and
mortrews of fyssbe," pp. 55, 60, 66, given under the head de potagiis. The term is
frequently written " morterel, mortrewys," &c. and is possibly derived from the mode
of preparation, by braying the flesh in a morter. " Mortesse meate." PALSG.
3 Many instances might be cited of the use of the word morrow, signifying the
morning, as Chaucer uses it, when he says of the Frankelein, " wel loved he by the
morwe a sop in win." Cant. T. 335. Sir John Maundevile speaks of the idolatry of
the natives of Chana, who worshipped a serpent, or whatever animal " that thei meten
first at morwe." In the Version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. XVIII. A. 12, it is said that
it is requisite to ascertain the custom of the enemy, " if they be wonede to assaile or
falle vpone the nyghte, or in the morow.'' B. in. c. 6. In the curious translation of
Macer's treatise on the virtues of plants, MS. in the possession of Hugh Diamond, Esq.
it is observed that " he )>at eti)> caule (brassica) first at morwe, vnnethe shal he fynde
drunkenesse }>at day." The day-star likewise is called the MOROW STERRE. In the
Golden Legend it is said of the Assumption of our Lady that an angel brought her " a
bowe of palme, whose leues shone lyke to the morowe sterre."
4 This term is taken from the French mot, which is explained by Nicot to imply
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
345
MOOTE, dyke, watyr closynge a
place (motdyke, or watyr place
closyd, K. dyche or water,
p.) Circumfossatum, fossatum,
COMM. mota, KYLW.
MOTARE, or pletare.1 Disceptor,
vel disceptator, placitator.
MOOTE yn \.e sunne (or qhere it
be, H. where it be, P.) Atthomus,
(festuca, P.)
MOOTE HALLE. Pretorium,c&TH.
MOTHE WOKE, neyder to nesche,
ne to harde (moothewyc, or
mothwoc, neber to neysch, ne to
hard, H. mote woke, s. mothwyc,
or mothwoc, p.)2 Dimollis.
MOOTYN, or tolyofi (motyn, or
pletyn, p.) Discepto, placito.
MOTYNGE, or tolyynge, or pleyt-
ynge. Disceptacio, placitacio.
MOTLE, colowre. Stromaticus,
CATH. (mixtura, P.)
MOTONE, flesche. Ovilla^ moto
(multo, K.)
Mow, husbondys syster, or wyfys
systyr, or syster in lawe.3
Glos, c. F.
Mo WARE wythe a sythe. Fal-
cator, metelluS) CATii.falcarius,
UG.
Mo WARE, or makere of a mowe
(and scorn, K. makar of mowys
and scornys, H. P.)4 Valgiator
(cachinnator, p.)
" le son de la trompe d'tm Fieneur, sonnt d'art et maistrise." See Twety, Vesp. B. xn.
f. 4 ; R. Holme, Acad. of Arm. iii. p. 76. Herman says that " blowyng of certain and
diuers motis, and watchis, gydeth an host, and saueth it from many parellys. The trom-
pettours blowe a fytte or a mote (dant classicum).'' " Mote, blast of a home.'' PALSG.
1 " To mute, alley are, ut ille alley at pro me ; causare, contraversari, decertare, pla-
citare. A mute halle, capitolium. A muter, actor, advocatus, causidicus, &c.
Mutynge, causa, pragma." CATH. ANG. "Mote or encheson, causa, causale, liti-
gium.r> Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1587. " Causa, a cause or motynge. Causarius, a
pledere, a motere. Causor, to plede or mote.'' MED. " Certamen, i. pugna vel liti-
gium, a chydynge or motynge. Controversor, to mote, plede, or chyde." ORTUS.
Ang.-Sax. mot, conventus, motian, to meet for the purpose of discussion, disputare ;
mot-hus, or mo'5-heal, a place of meeting. In the poem on the evil times of Edw. II.
Polit. Songs, p. 336, complaint is made of the corruption of Justices, and other legal
authorities, who, instead of fair and open dealing, " maken the mot-halle at horn in
here chaumbre." In the Wicliffite version, John xviii. 28, prcetorium is rendered
<* moot-halle." See also Vis. of Piers P. v. 2352. Compare FLEE, of motynge.
2 In the Winch. MS. RERE is given hereafter as synonymous with MOTHE WOKE.
This appears to be a compound word, the last syllable of which may be derived from
Ang.-Sax. wac, debilis, flexibilis, whence w&c-mod, pusillanimis. The former syllable
may possibly be taken from Ang.-Sax. mete, Tsl. mot, modus. Hence also " methfulle,"
moderate. See Jamieson, v. Meith. Compare lith-wake, or leothe-wok, supple
limbed, according to the citations given in the note on the word LYYE, p. 310.
3 Compare A.-S. mseg, parens, used very widely to denote a relative, son, sister, niece,
£c. See Lajamon, i. pp. 12, 73, 162, Madden's ed. R. Brunne uses the word " mouh."
4 " Cachinnor, to grenne, or for to make a mowe." MED. " To mowe, cachinnare,
narire, et cetera ubi to scorne. A mowynge, cachinnatus, rictus.'1 CATH. ANG.
" Cachinno, to mowe, or skorne with the mouth." ORTUS. " Mowe, a scorne, move,
moe. Mower, skorner, mocquevr. I moo, I mocke, I mowe with the mouthe, iefays
la moue." PALSG. " Moue, a moe, or mouth ; an ill-favoured extension, or thrusting
out of the lips. Mouard, mumping, mowing, making mouths. Baybaye, a scornfull
346 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MOWE, or skorne. Vangia, vel
valgia, CATH. et c. F. (ca-
chinna, P.)
MOWE, byrd, or semewe. A»-
pergo, et alia infra in S. li-
terd.
MOWE wythe a sythe. Falco.
MOWYN, or make a mow. Valgio,
cachinno (cangin, p.)
Mow3TE, clothe wyrme (mowhe,
mow, s. mowghe, p.)1 Tvne\
K.
MOWLE, sore.2 Pugtula (pcrnio,
H.)
MOWLYD, a(s) brede. Mussidus,
rel mucidus, c. F. et CATH.
MOWLYN, as bred.3 Mucidat,
CATH.
MOWLYN GE, of mowle (or mowle,
s.) Mucor, c. F. mucidus, CATH.
MOWN, or haue my^fcte (my5t, K.
myth, H. mowne, p.)4 Posnun.
MOWXT, hylle. Mons, cottis.
core. " To mow, or mock with the month like an ape, dif-
torquere o*, rictum deducere." GOULDM. In the poem on the evil times of Edw. II.
a curious picture is given of the " countonr," or barrister, who, pocketing the fee,
and speaking a few words to little purpose, as soon as he had turned his back, " he
makketh the a mouwe." Polit. Songs, p. 339. Such scornful gestures were deemed a
great breach of good manners ; thus, in the Boke of Curtasye, the youth is instructed
as to his demeanour at table, where he should especially avoid quarreling, making
" mawes," and staffing the month with food.
" Yf Jx>u make mawes on any wyse,
A Telany pou kacches or euer pou rise. —
A napys mow men sayne he makes,
pat brede and flesshe In hvs cheke bakes." SloaneMS. 1986, f. 18, T*.
So also in the like admonition, printed with the title, Stan* puer ad men* am, it is said,
" grenynge and mowynge at the table eschewe."
1 " Mought that eateth clothes, vert de drop." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. mo«5e, tinea.
3 In Arund. MS. 42, numerous remedies are given for mowles. " Plemina ntnt
itlcera in manilnu et in pedibtu callori*, weles or mowles." MED. " A mowle, per*io."
CATH. ANG. This term is taken from the French ; •' Kybe on the hele, ma/e." PALSG.
W. Turner, in his Herbal, 1562, speaks of kibes or " mooles," and says that the
broth of rape is good for " kybed, or moolde heles." Gerard states that " the downe of
the reed mace, or cats tail, hath been proved to heale kibed, or humbled heeles (as
they are termed) either before or after the skin is broken." And. Boorde, in the Bre-
viary of Health, c. 272, treats at length of the causes and remedies for such ailments.
See Jamieson, r. Mule.
3 "To mowle, mucidare. Mowled, mucidu*. Mowlenes, ylu, mvcor, mtuta."
CATH. AXG. "Aftt cor, to mowle as bredde." ORTCS. Palsgrare gives the verb "I
mowlde, or fust, as corne or breed dothe, le moists," but the word is usually written,
according to the ancient spelling, as given in the Promptorium. Chaucer speaks of
" mouled," or grey hairs. In the relation of a miraculous occurrence given in the
Golden Legend, f. 65, v°, it is said, " as the kynge sate at mete, all the brede waied
anone mowly, and boor, y* no man myeht etc of it." Kilian gives " molen, retvs
Flandr. cariem contrahere." Compare Dan. mulner, to grow mouldy ; mulen, hoary
or mouldy.
4 " To mughe, posse, talere, queo. To nott moghe, nequire, non posse.11 CATH. AXG.
The verb to mow, to be able, is used by R. Glouc. p. 39, and Chaucer. In the Golden
Legend it is said of the last judgment that "the eyghte sygne shall be y« generall
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
347
MOWNTENAWNCE (mowntenesse,
s.) Estimata quantitas (vel
estimata mensura, aut quanti-
tas ret, P.)
MOWNTYNGE, or steynynge (szc,
styynge, s.) Ascensus.
MOWSE, beste. Mus.
Mows A RE, as a catte. Musceps.
MOWSEER, herbe. Muricula (au-
ricalis muris, K. p.)
MOWSFALLE (or trap, K. p. or
falle, supra.)1 Muscipula.
MOWSYN, or take myse. Muri-
capio.
MOWSYW, or prively stodyyn
(stondyn a dowt, K. stodyn a
dowte, H. musen, or stodien a
dought, P.) Muso,
MOWTARE, or mowtard, byrde.2
Plutor, CATH. (plutus, P.)
MOWTHE. Os.
MOWTHE of awesselle. Orificium^
c. F.
MOWTHE of a botelle. Lura, c. F.
MOWTYN', as fowlys. Plumeo,
CATH. UG. v. deplumeo, UG. v.
MOWTYNGE, Deplumacio, plu-
tura.
Mv, of hawkys.3 Falconarium.
MUD, or grutte. Limus.
MUGLARD, or nyggarde (or
pynchar, infra.)4 Tenax, ava-
rus, cupidi(n)ariuS) c. F.
MUGWORTE, herbe, idem quod
moder worte, supra.5
tremblynge of the erthe, whiche shall be so grete that noo man ne beest shall not
mowe stonde thereon, but fall to the grownde." Caxton states, in the Book for Tra-
vellers, that his intent was " to ordeyne this book, by the whiche men shall mowe
resonably understande Frenssh and English, on pourra entendre," &c. The verb
NOWTHE MOWN occurs hereafter. Compare Dutch moghen, Germ, moegen, posse.
1 Compare FALLE, p. 147. " Paciscolia, i. muscipula, a mowse falle.'' MED. MS.
CANT. In the Shepherd's Calendar it is said that " the couetous man is taken in the
nette of the deuil, by the which he leseth euerlasting lyfe for small temporal goodes, —
as the mouse is taken in a fall, or trappe (a la ratiere, orig.) and leseth his lyfe for a
lyttle bacon." Ed. J. Wally, sign. F. j. v°. Ang.-Sax. mus-fealle, muscipula.
2 " Mowter, vide moulter, — quando avium pennee decidunt.'1* GOULDM. To mute or
moult, to change the feathers, is taken from the Latin. Palsgrave gives the verb to
" mute, as ahauke or birde dothe his fethers, muer,-1' which is rendered by Cotgrave
" to mue, to cast the head, coat, or skin." See Ducange, v. Muta. Hence the place
where hawks were kept during the change of plumage was termed a mew ; and mutare
signified to keep them in a mew, as in a document dated 1425, edited by Bp. Kennett,
Par. Antiqu.
3 Compare MWE, or cowle, a coop for keeping or fatting poultry, p. 350.
4 Muggard, in the Exmoor Dialect, signifies sullen and morose. In the sense of
avaricious MUGLARD may be derived from the French " mugotter, to hoord ; mugot,
a hoord, or secret heap of treasure." COTG.
5 The virtues of mugwort, Artemisia vnlyaris, Linn, are highly extolled by the
ancient herbalists. The following observation occurs in Arund. MS. 42, f. 35, v°.
" Mogwort, al on as seyn some, modirwort : lewed folk {?at in manye wordes conne no
ry3t sownynge, but ofte shortyn wordys, and changyn lettrys and silablys, )>ey coruptyn
J>e o. in to u. and d. in to g. and syncopyn i. smytyn a-wey i. and r. and seyn mug-
wort." " Mugworte, arthemisia, i. mater herbarum.'' CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax. mug-
wyrt, artemisia. Of the superstitious custom of seeking under the root of this plant
for a coal, to serve as a talisman against many disasters, see Brand's Pop. Antiqu.
348
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MUKKE. Fimus, letamen, CATH.
MUKHYLLE, or donghylle. Ster-
quilinium, Jimarium^ forica,
CATH.
MUK, or duste (mul, K. s. mull,
p.)1 Pulvis.
MULBERY. Morum, CATH. (sel-
SUS, CATH. P.)
MULBERY, tre. Morus, CATH.
MULLYN, or breke to powder, or
mulle (muldyn, s.)2 Pulverise.
MULLYN, or reynyri a mulreyne.
Plutinat, c. F.
MuLREYNE.3 Plutina, c. F. plu-
viold, CATH.
(MuLLOURE,,9wj0m in molowre,p.)
MULTIPLYYN. MultipUco.
MULTYTUDE, of grete nowmbyr.
Multitude.
MULWELLE, fysshe.4 Mulio, c. F.
MUMMAR. Mussator, CATH.
MUMMYN, as bey bat nojt speke.
Mutio, CATH. et c. F. et UG. in
mugio.
MuMMYNGE.5 MussaciO) vel
mussatus.
MUNKE. Monachus.
MURCHE, lytyll man.6 Nanus, vel
navus, c. F. sessillus, CATH. ho-
mullus, homuncio.
MUSSELLE (sic, K. murssell, p.)
Morcellus, bolus, bucella.
MuscHYL,ormuskyl,fysche (mus-
shell, K.) Musculus, c. F.
1 The correct reading is here given, probably, by the other MSS. The term mull is
still retained in the Eastern counties, and in the North, and signifies, according to
Forby, soft breaking soil. "Molle, pulver, et cetera ubi powder." CATH. ANG.
Compare Low-Germ, and Dutch, mul, Ang.-Sax. myl, pulvis. " Mullock, or
mollock, vide dust, or dung." GOULDM. Chaucer uses the word " mullok," Cant. T.
v. 3871, 16,408. See the North Country Glossaries.
2 "To mulbrede, interere, micare. To make molle, pulverizare.'' CATH. ANG.
Hence, perhaps, as it has been suggested in the note on MOLDALE, p. 341, to mull ale or
wine, to infuse powdered condiments therein.
3 Pultina, MS. The term MULREYNE may have been not inappropriately used to
denote a mizzling shower, falling like fine powder, or mull ; unless it may be preferred
to seek a derivation from the French mouiller.
4 In the Inventory of Sir John Fastolf's effects at Caistor, 1459, is the entry
"Larderia; Item, viij. lynges. Item, iiij. mulwellfyche. Item, j. barelle dim' alec'
alb'.1' Archseol. xxi. 278. Dr. Will. Turner, in bis letter to Gesner on British fish,
prefixed to the second ed. of Gesner, lib. iv. states that the fish called keling in the
North, and cod in the South, on the Western coasts is termed melwel. Spelman states
that the mulvellus of the Northern seas is the green fish, called in the Book of Customs
at Lynn Regis melvel, and haddock, and in Lancashire milwyn. In the statute for the
regulation of prices offish and poultry, as given in Strype's Stowe, mulvel is mentioned.
" Morue, the cod, or green fish, a lesse and dull-eyed kind whereof is called by some
the morhwell." COTG. Merlangus virens, CTJV.
5 Mummynge seems to have denoted originally a dumb show, a pantomime, per-
formed by masked actors, a Christmas diversion, regarding which many particulars will
be found in Brand's Pop. Antiq. " Mummar, mommevr. I mumme in a mummynge.
Let vs go mumme (mummer) to nyght in womens apparayle." PALSG. Compare
Dutch mumme, Germ, momme, larva,- Fr. "momme; mascarade, ddguisement."
ROQ.TJEF. " Mommon, a troop of mummers ; also, a visard, or mask ; also, a set, by
a mummer, at dice." COTG.
6 This name for a dwarf does not appear to be retained in any of the local dialects,
although preserved, as it would appear, in the surname Murchison.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
349
MUSCHERON, toodys hatte. Bo-
letus, c. F. fungus, c. F.
MUSYK. Musica.
MUSKE. Muscatum.
(MUSKYL, fysche, or muschyl,
supra.}
MUSKYTTE, byrde.1 Capus, c. F.
MUST, drynke.2 Mustum, mulsum,
CATH.
MUSTARDE. Sinapium.
MUSTARD, or warlok, or se(n)-
vyne, herbe (mustard syd, K.
sede, P. senwyn, s.) Sinapis.
MUSTARD POTTE. Ceriola, KYLW.
MUSTERYN, or gadyr to-gedur.
Commonstro, coaduno.
MUST(E)RYN, or qwysp(e)ryn pri-
vyly (or rummuelon, infra;
whyspryn, H.) Mussito.
MUSTERYNGE, or qwysperynge
(or romelynge, infra ; whisper-
ynge, K. p.) Mussitacio.
MUSTERYNGE, or gaderynge to-
geder of men to be schewyde
(gaderynge togeder of sowd-
yours, K. p.) Coadunacio,
commonstracio.
MUSTUR, idem est; et bellicrepa.3
1 " A muskett, capus." CATH. ANG. " Musket, a lytell hauke, mouchet." PALSG.
" Mouchet, espece d'oiseau de proye, c'est le tiercelet de I'espervier." NICOT. The
most ancient names of fire-arms and artillery being derived either from monsters, as
dragons or serpents, or from birds of prey, in allusion to velocity of movement, this
little hawk supplied the appellation musket ; as also at a much earlier period it had
furnished a name for the missile termed muschetta, or mouchette, in the Xlllth cent.
2 " Must, carenum, mustum." CATH. ANG. " Mustacium, i. vnustum vinum, vel
potus (quf) ex mustofit, et aliis potionibus." ORTUS. Mulsa, or mulsus, according to
the Catholicon, was a drink compounded of wine, or water, and honey, commonly
called meed ; occasionally the term denotes new wine, which is the usual signification
of must, as in the Wicliffite version, Dedis ii. 13; Cov. Myst. p. 382. " Must, newe
wyne, movst." PALSG. In ^Elfric's Glossary, Julius, A. n. f. 127, are given " cervisa,
vel celea, eale ; medo, meodu ; ydromellum, vel mulsum, beor." Herman says, " We
shall drynke methe, or metheglin ; mulsum vel hydromel, non medonem." According
to the account given of Apomel, in Arund. MS. 42, f. 32, v°, mulsa, or mellicratium,
is formed of eight parts water, and one of honey, boiled together; " idromellum, as
o>er facultes vsen it ; it is a lycur >at we callen wort, and it is seyd of ydor, water, and
of hony, no3t J>at hony go> J?er to, for hony towchej? it but for it is swete as hony. It
is water of malt, mulsum.1'1
3 Previously to the existence of a standing stipendiary force, provision was made for
the defence of the realm, in any sudden emergency, by the law that every householder
should have in his dwelling a warlike equipment suitable to his means and station,
and should at certain fixed seasons present himself before the constables, or appointed
officers, with his accoutrements, for inspection. This was termed the monstre, mon-
strum, or armilustrium, in N. Britain the " weapon-schawynge," often mentioned in
the Scotch acts, and in later times in England, the muster. The most curious and ancient
ordinance to this effect is that passed at Winchester, 1285, 13 Edw. I. Stat. of Realm,
i. 97 ; but the existence of a similar scrutiny at an earlier period appears by the docu-
ments printed by Wats, M. Paris, Auctarium, addit. p. 230. Spelman cites Rot. Parl.
5 Hen. IV. regarding the monstrum or monstratio of men-at-arms ; see also the ordi-
nance of Hen. V. in his statutes in time of war, " de monstris pullicis, seu ostenci-
onibus." Upton. Mil. Off. 136. " Muster of men, bellicrepa.'' CATH. ANG. Palsgrave
gives the verbs " I muster, as men do yl shall go to a felde, ie me monstre. 1 muster,
I take the muster of men, as a capytayne doth, ie fais les monstres. What place will
you sygne to muster your folkes in. Mustre of harnestmen, monstre'1
350
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
MWE, or cowle (mv, K.)1 Sagi-
narium. Dice.
NACYONE. Nacio.
NACORNE, ynstrument of myn-
stralsye (nacorne of mynstralle,
K.)2 Nabulum (mablum, P.)
NACORNERE. Nabularius.
NAGGE, or lytylle beest, Bestula,
NAY. Non.
NAYL of metalle. Clavus.
NAYLE of tymbyr. Cavilla, c. F.
NAYL of fyngyr, or too. Un-
guis.
NAYLYD wythe yryne. C(l)ava-
tus, conclavatus.
NAYLYD wythe tymbyr. Cavil-
latus.
NAYLYD, as fyngers, or toos (nay-
led on fyngers, p.) Unguatus.
1 Siyinarium, MS. The distinction between MV of hawkys, p. 347, and a mew for fatting
poultry, deserves notice. Chaucer uses the word in the latter sense, Cant. T. 351.
2 This instrument of martial music appears to have been a sort of drum, of Oriental
origin, and introduced into Europe by the Crusaders. Joinville speaks of the minstrels
of the Soudan, " qui avoient cars Sarrazinnois, et tabours, et nacaires ;" the term
being evidently identical with the naqarah, or drum of the Arabs and Moors. See
Ducange, v. Nacara, Roquefort, and Wachter. Menage, and other writers, supposed
the nacaire to be a kind of wind-instrument, but the observations of Ducange on Join-
ville, p. 59, and the remarks of Daniel, Milice Franc, i. p. 536, prove beyond question
that it was a drum. Cotgrave, however, gives " Naquaire, a lowd instrument of
musicke, somewhat resembling a hoboy." Nakerys are mentioned in Gawayn and
the Grene Kny^ht, v. 118, 1016 ; and Chaucer's Knight's T. v. 2513. Froissart re-
lates that Hugh Despenser the younger, being taken by the Queen's army in 1326, was
led about " apres le route de la Royne, par toutes ies villes ou Us passoyent, ct trompes
et nacaires" Vol. i. c. xiii. Amongst the minstrels in the household of Edw. III.
1344, is named " makerers, j." which may be erroneously written for nakerer, but in
the Gesta Ludov. VII. c. 8, it is said " tympanis et macariis, et aliis similibus instru-
mentis resonabant." See Household Ordin. p. 4, Harl. MS. 782, p. 63. Sir John
Maundevile relates that near the River Phison is the Vale perilous, in which " heren men
often tyme grete tempestes — and gret noyse, as it were sown of tabours, and of nakeres,
and trompes, as thoughe it were a gret feste." Voiage, p. 340. Trevisa, in his version
of Barthol. de Propr. lib. xix. c. 141, says that " Armenia Rithmica is a sownynge
melody — and diuers instrumentes serue to this maner armony, as tabour, and timbre,
harpe, and sawtry, and nakyres." Palsgrave gives " nauquayre, a kynde of instrument,
naquair.'' The precise period when the use of drums as martial music was adopted by
the English is uncertain ; R. Glouc. p. 396, alludes to their Saracenic origin, and
describes the terror caused thereby, so that the horses of the Christians were " al
astoned." Nakers were used at the battle of Halidown-Hill, 1332, as appears by the
" Romance," or ballad on that victory, Harl. MS. 4690, f. 80 ; they are termed tabers
in the prose account of the same, f. 79, v°. Minot says, in his poem on the alliance of
Edw. III. with the Duke of Brabant, and other foreign powers, 1336, and their pre-
parations for war with Philip de Valois,
" The princes, that war riche on raw,
Gert nakers strike, and trumpes blaw."
The NACORNE, or nacaire, was probably the small kettle-drum, used in pairs, as seen
in the figures given by Strutt, Horda, vol. i. pi. vi. from the Liber Regalis, written
during the reign of Rich. II. The most curious representation is that etched by
Carter, in his Ancient Sculpture and Painting, from a carved miserere, of the close of
PROVfPTORIUVf PARVUI.ORUM.
or denyyn (nayyr
Nego, abnego, denego.
ARE, or he bat spoylytbe men
of cloth y>. Denvdator.
YD. Nudu*.
YD, or made nakyd. Dtntt-
datus.
or make nakyd (or
pyn, or streppyn, tn/ro.)1
Nudo, denude.
r, or nakydnesse (or
stryppyng, infra.) Nudado,
denudado.
:E, Nome*.
• F.LY. Predpue.
;.LY, or syngulere. Pred-
putu (singular**, P.)
X A M v s (or nemelyn', t»/ra.) Ai>-
mtfto, denomino, cognomino.
K of an hedde (or naterelle,
infra.) Occiput, cervix, vertex.
T, or napekyn. Xapetta,
S, or den be the nape
(sclape in y* nape, HARL. MS.
2214, «Jcpc be >e nese, ».
in the nape, p.)2 Ocdpit*.
XAPPYX, or fllcMefyn (sckn
ynge, HARL. MS. 2?74.) /
XAPPYXGE, or ilu»tijiig». Dor-
mitado.
XAPRUX (or bannclotbe, tupra.)
Lima*, CATH. et UG. m
XAROWE (nanre, K. H. s.) Stric-
ftw,
XAROWHEDE, Strietmra,
CATH.etC. F.
RELLE,
XAVE of a qwele
imW*
the XlVth cent, formerly in one of the stalls at Worcester Cathedral, and now placed
on the cornice of the modern organ-screen, over the entrance from die awe.
To nakyne, nsufcre, deteyere, ervere. A nakynynge, wm^ctt>."> CAT*. AJT«.
" JYWo, f. expo/tort, ire. to naken. Df**dafi«, a nakenynge," ovrr*. In R. Brane's
of Langtoft's Chron. a satirical ballad is given on the victory of Edw. I. over
the Scots at Dnnbar, 1294. Ed. Hearne, p. I
" Oure fote folk put bam in pe polk, and nakned per nage*."
Compare the extract from the original Chron. given by Mr. Wright, App. to Folk.
Songs, p. 29o. In Roy. MS. 20 A. XI. the word is written "nakid ;" in Cott. MS.
Julius, A. v. " nackened." In the earlier Wiciimte version Lev*, n. IS is thas ren-
dered : « The nlbheed of thi moder sister, and thi
who that doth this, the sbenship of his flesh he sba
* «« I nawpe one in y« necke, I stryke one in y« necke, ar
coL Beware of hym" he wyll nawpe bores in y* necke, *j
14 A nawp, a blow. * Hit him 'a nawpe. See Yorksh. Dial. p. G&" Bp. 1
Coll. Lansd. MS. 1<KW. Compare Brockett. and Craven GL r. Na«p.
3 " A natte, *tori*m. storiolxm, A natte maker, *i«r**tor. To
CATH > /orto/o, to cover with nattes," oarrs,
In the curious poem entitled the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Cott. MS. Viteil. C.
\ one of the characters introduced is the " Natte makere^ who boUs
discourse with the Pilgrim. NATTKS are mentioned again under the word VEDTL.
" bovstows ware," or coarse manufacture.
« this word is usually written batereUe, but the letter n. taken from tke
article, is here, as in many other tike cases, by proslbcai* prefixed to tke
352
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
p.)1 Modius, et modiolus, c. F.
timpanum, CATH.cantus, CATH.
meditullium, UG. in medius.
NAVEE, or gaderynge to-gedyr of
many shyppys. Classis, na-
vigium, CATH. stolus, CATH.
NEB, or byl of a byrd (neble, s.)2
Rostrum.
NEDE. Necessitas, necessitudo,
necesse, indigencia, egestas (in-
edia, P.)
NEDEFULLE. Necessarius.
NEDY. Eg ens, indigens.
NEDY, or pore. Inops.
NEDLE (nedil, K.) Acus.
NEDYL, to sow wythe nattys, or
ober boystows ware (nettys, or
oder boystys ware, s.)3 Broccus,
UG.
NEDYL CASE. Acuarius, c. F.
NEDYN. Indigeo, egeo.
NEDDYR, or eddyr. Serpens.
NEYHBOROWRE (neybour, K. ney-
bowre, s. neyghbour, p.) Prox-
imus, vicinus, proximo,, vicina.
NEYHBORE, of be same strete.
Convicanius, convicania.
NEYBOREDE (neyghbourhede, p.)
Proximitas, vicinitas.
NEYHHYN', or come ny (neyhin,
K. neighen, or come nere, p.)
Appropinquo, approximo.
NEYYN, as hors (or neyjynge,
HARL. MS. 2274.) Hinnio.
NEYYNGE of horse (nyng, K.
neyynge, or ny3ynge, HARL.
MS. 2274.) Hinnitus.
NEY(SE), tene, or dyshese (neyse,
or tene, or disese, K. H. p.)4
Tedium, nocumentum, grava-
men.
NEYTHYR (neydyr, s. neyyir, p.)
Neuter.
NEKKE. Collum.
NEKE NAME, or eke name.5 Ag-
nomen.
" Occipicium, be haterelle of J?e hede. Imeon, dicitur cervix, a haterel." MED. In the
Lat.-Eng. Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " Occiput, nodyll : vertex,
haterele : discrimen, schade : tupa, fortoppe." "An haterelle, cervix, cervicula,
vertex." CATH. ANG. " Hatteroll, hascerel." PALSG. Cotgrave says that a man's
throat, or neck, is termed by the Walloons hastereau ; but hanterel, or haterel, is an old
French word of frequent occurrence, which signifies, according to Roquefort, the nuque,
or nape of the neck. Hence, probably, may be derived the name of the Hatterel Hills,
between Brecon and Hereford.
1 " Meditullium, a carte nathe (al. navelle.)" MED. " Modiolus, lignum grossum in
medio rote, per quod caput axis immittitur, fyc. Anglice nathe." ORTUS. " Naue of a
whele, moyevl. Nathe, stocke of a whele.'' PALSG. Ang.-Sax. nafa, modiolus.
2 "A nebbe, rostrum, rostrillum." CATH. ANG. "Neble of a womans pappe, bout
de la mamelle." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. neb, caput.
3 — boystors, MS. Compare BOYSTOWS, rudis, p. 42, and STOOR, or hard, or boys-
tows, hereafter. Broccus, or Lroca, in French broche, is a packing needle, an awl, or
a goad. See Blount's Tenures, under Havering, Essex.
4 See NOYYNGE, or noyze, and TENE. Compare French noise, ennui; Lat. noxia.
8 Junius derives nick-name from nom de nique, an expression borrowed, as he sup-
poses, from the Ital. niquo, iniquo: but there can be little doubt that the word is
formed simply by prosthesis, the final n. being transferred from the article to the sub-
stantive. " Agnomen, an ekename, or a surename." MED. " An ekname, agnomen,
dicitur a specie, vel accione, affnominacio." CATH. ANG. " Nyckename, brocquart"
PALSG. *' Sobriquet, a surname; also, a nickname, or by-word." COTG. " Susurro,
PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM. 353
NEMELYN', idem quod namyfi.
NEPE, herbe.1 Coloquintida, cu-
curbita (cucurbica agrestiS) P.)
NEPTE, herbe.2 Nepta.
NEERE, or ny. Prope,juxta.
NEERE of a beest.3 Ren.
NETIIYRTHELES (nertheles, K.
neythirlesse, s. neuerthelesse,
p.) Nichilominus, tamen (ve-
runtamen, p.)
NESCHYN, or make nesche.4 Molli-
fico.
a priuye whisperer, or secret carrytale that slaundereth, backebiteth, and nicketh ones
name." Junius, Nomenclator, by John Higins, 1585.
1 Compare WYYLNEPE, cucurbita. Ang.-Sax. nsepe, napus.
2 Nepeta cataria, Linn, common cat-mint, or nep. Ang.-Sax. naepte, nepeta.
lt Filtrum, quedam herba venifera, neppe.'' ORTUS. " Neppe, an herbe, herbe du
chat" PALSG. Forby gives the Norfolk simile " as white as nep," in allusion to
the white down which covers this herb.
3 " Ren, the nere." MED. "Lumbus, a leynde, vel idem quod ren, Anglice a nayre.1'
ORTUS. " Neare of a beest, roiynon.^ PALSO. Gautier de Bibelesworth says, Arund.
MS. 220,
" De dens le cors en checun homme
Est troue quer, foye, e pomoun (liuere ant lunge)
Let, plen, boueles, et reinoun (neres).''
In Sir Thomas Phillipps' MS. " reynoun, kydeneyre." In the later Wicliffite version
Levit. iii. 33 is thus rendered: " J>ei schul offre twey kideneiren (duos renes, Vulg.)
wib be fatnesse by whic be guttis clepid ylion ben hilid." The following recipe is
given in Harl. MS. 279, f . 8 : " To make bowres (browes ?) — take pypis, hertys, nerys,
an rybbys of the swyne, an chop them— an serue it forthe for a good potage." In
Norfolk, according to Forby, near signifies the fat only of the kidneys, pronounced in
Suffolk nyre. Pegge gives the term as denoting the kidneys themselves. Compare
Dan. nyre, the kidneys.
4 " Molliculus, neisshe, or softe. Mollicia, softenesse, or neisshe. Molleo, to be
nesshe." MED. "Nesche, mollis, etc. ubi softe." CATH. ANG. " Tendre — nice,nesh,
puling, delicate." COTG. " In hard and in nesche," Will, and Werwolf, 19, 20, is,
according to Sir F. Madden, a common poetical phrase : it is used by Chaucer. In
the later Wicliffite version the word occurs as follows, 2 Chron. xxiv. 27 : " For bou
herdist be wordis of be book, and Jri herte is maad neische (emollitum est, Vulg.) and
bou art mekid in be si3t of the lord." See also R. Brunne ; Octouian, v. 1210 ; Seuyn
Sages, v. 732. Among recipes for the craft of limning books, MS. in the collection of
Sir Thomas Phillipps, 8186, f. 148, is the following : " To make coral. Take hertys
homes and mader, an handful or more, and sethe hit tyl hit be as neysche as glewe."
One of the virtues of betony, as detailed in Cott. MS. Jul. D. vm. f. 121, is that with
honey " hit is good for be co^ghe, and hit makethe nesshe wombe." A marvellous
recipe is preserved in Sloane MS. 73, f. 215, v° : " For to make glas nesche. Take )>e
gotes blode lewke, and be iuyse of seneuey, and boile hem wel to-gederis ; and wij? bo
tweye materes boyle wel Jn glas ; and bi glas schal bycome nesche as past, and if it be
cast a^eyne a wal, it schal not breke." Sir John Maundevile, speaking of the form of
the earth, says that the hills were formed by the deluge, that wasted the soft ground,
" and the harde erthe and the rocke abyden mountaynes, whan the soft erthe, and
tendre, wax nessche throghe the water, and felle, and becamen valeyes." Voiage, p.
368. Trevisa, in his version of Vegecius. Roy. MS. 8 A. XII. says of stores in a fortified
city, " loke thou haue iren and stele of diuers tempere, both harde and nesshe, for to
make with armoure ;'' and of the selection of good recruits, " fishers, foulers, runnours,
354
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
NESE, or nose. Nasus.
NESE THYRLYS.1 Naris.
NESYN. Sternuto* CATH.
NESYN GE.2 Sternutacio.
NEXT, or moost ny (nest, K.
neest, s. p.) Proximus, propin-
quissimus.
NEST of byrdys. Nidus.
NESTLYD. Nidificatus.
NESTLYN (as byrdys, s.) Nidifico.
NESTELYNGE. Nidificacio.
NETT, to take wythe fysche. Rete,
sagena, reciaculum (reticu-
lum, P.)
NEET, beest. Bos.
(NEET, or hekfere, infra in styrk.
Juvenca.}
NEET BREYDARE. Reciarius.
NEET DRYVARE.Armentarius,c.F.
NEET iiYRDE.3 Bubulcus.
NEET HOWSE. Boscar, CATH.
NETYL, herbe. Urtica.
and gestours, lecliours, and holours (are) not to be chosen to knyghtehode, ne not be
suffred to corame nyghe the strengthes — for thies maner of menne with her lustes
shulle rather nasshe the hartes of warriours to lustes, thenne hardenue theim tofighte."
This word is still commonly used in Shropshire, and some of the adjoining counties.
See Hartshorne's Salopia, and the Herefordshire Glossary. Ang.-Sax. nesc, mollis;
hnescian, mollire.
1 In the earlier Wicliffite version the word " noos thrillis" occurs, iv Kings xix. 28 ;
and ' ' nesethirles " in the later version, Job xl. 21. In the Boke of Curtasye the
following admonition is given ; Sloane MS. 1986, f. 28, v° :
" Ne delf J>ou neuer nose thyrle,
With thombe ne fyngur as 3ong gyrle."
In the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth narys is rendered " nase Hrlis." " A nese
thyrle, naris." CATH. ANG. " Nose thrill, tendron du nez, narine." PALSG. Ang.-
Sax. naes byrel, naris, byrl, foramen.
2 The leeches of former times highly esteemed sternutatory powders, as efficacious
especially in disorders of the brain. The root of hellebore was most in request for
this purpose, of which was formed " neesing powder," and the plant was called iu
England, as in Germany, " nieswoort," according to Gerarde, who mentions also the
wild pellitory, Achillea Plarmica, as called " sneesewoort, or neesing wort." Herman
says that " two or iij. nesys be holsom, one is a shrowed token ;" and Palsgrave gives
the observation, " the physicians saye whan one neseth it is a good sygne, but an yuell
cause ;" as likewise And. Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, c. 333, says, " in English
it is named sternutacion, or knesing, the which is a good signe of an euyll cause." He
seems, however, to approve of the moderate use of sneezing by means of the powder of
Eleborus albus, called " knesing powder." In Brand's Popular Antiqu. may be found
many curious details regarding superstitions connected with sneezing. The following
curious passage in the Golden Legend has not been noticed ; it thereby appears that a
similar superstition existed in regard to yawning. The " more Letanye," it is stated,
was instituted by Pope Gregory during the pestilence called the botch, which afflicted
the people of Rome with sudden death. " In this maner somme snesynge they deyed :
soo whan ony persone was herde snesinge, anone they yl were by sayd to him, God
helpe you, or Cryst helpe you ; and yet endureth ye custome. And also whan he snesyth
or gapeth he maketh tofore his face the sygne of the crosse, and blysseth hym, and yet
endureth this custome." f. xxiiij. v°. " Nesyng with the nose, esternuement." PALSG.
Ang.-Sax. niesan, sternutare.
* NEET BYRDE, MS. nethirde, K. "Noetherde, orbulherde, bovuier." PALSG.
PROMPTOIIIUM PARVULORUM.
355
NETTYL SEEDE. Gnydisperma,
UG. in grus.
NETLYD. Urticatus.
NETLYN (wyth netlys, s.) Ur-
tico, vel urticis urere, CATH.
NETLYNGE. Urticaria.
NEVE, sonys sone. Nepos, c. F.
quasi natus post.
NEVE, broderys sone. Neptis, c. F.
NEVE, systerys sonne. Sororius,
CATH. sobrinus, UG. in sereno.
NEVE, neuerthryfte, or wastour
(nefyne thryfte, or wastowre,
s.)1 Nepos, et dicitur nepos,
quia negans passum, scilicet ad
bonum.
(NEWYN, or innuwyn, H. innwyn,
p. Innovo.)
NEVYR. Nunquam.
NEWME of a songe (nevme, H.
neme, s.)2 Neupma, -atis, neup-
ma, -me, CATH. et est differentia
inter neupma scriptum cum p.
que est cantus, et neuma, sine
p. quod est Spiritus sanctus,
secundum quosdam, versus non
habeo.
NEWTE, orewte, wyrme. Lacertus.
NETHYR PART of a thynge (or
that is by-nethe, HARL. MS.
2274, that yt is bethen, sic, P.)
Inferior.
NY, or neere (ney or ny, HARL*
MS. 2274.) Prope,juxta.
NYCE.3 Iners.
NYCEHEDE, or nycete. Inercia.
NYCELY. Inerte.
NYPTE (nifte, K. nyfte, H. s. P.)4
Neptis.
NYPT, broderys douter (nyfte, s.)
Lectis, c. F.
NYGGARDE (or muglard, supra,
or nygun, or pynchar, infra.)
Tenax.
1 It appears that the term nephew was used in reproach, as nepos had been by
Cicero, Horace, and other classical writers. In the Ortus nepos is explained as sig-
nifying luxuriosus: " neptatio dicitur luxuria, et tune dicitur a nepa, quod est valde
ardens in luxuridS'
~ "Neuma, i. vocum emissio vel morfulatio," &c. CATH. The Abb^ Lebeuf, in his
Trait^ de chant ecclesiastique, p. 239, defines neuma to be an " abrtge, ou recapitula-
tion des sons principaux d'une antienne, qui se fait sur la derniere syllabe par une
simple variete de sons, sans yjoindre aucune parole." See Ducange, v. Pneuma.
3 In the Seuya Sages, v. 1414, the foolish burgess is said to have quitted his home
to seek a wife, " als moppe and nice." The word is also used by Chaucer in the sense
of foolish ; Cant. T. v. 5508, 6520. " Insolens, nyce, superbus, fatuus, moribus non
conveniens. Insolentia, nycete. Insoleo, to be wantowne, to be nyce, and prowde."
MED. Nice, according to Roquefort, signifies "mal-avise, ignorant, niais;^ and
Cotgrave renders it precisely in the sense given in the Promptorium. "Nice, lither,
lazie, slothfull, idle, faint, slack; dull, simple." Palsgrave gives " Nyse, strange,
nice, nyes, nyese. Nyse, proper or feate, mignot, gobe, coint. Nicenesse, cointerie,
nicete." See Jamieson, v. Nice.
4 "Neptis est filia filii vel fitted MED. Compare NEVE, broderys sone, neptis.
NYPTE appears to be taken from the Latin word, as likewise the old French word
neps, a nephew. " Trinepos, tercius, a nepote." MED. MS. CANT. It may be re-
marked that nephew is occasionally used to denote a grandchild, as nepos in Latin.
Thus Eliz. de la Pole, writing in 1501 to Sir Rob. Plompton respecting Germayne her
grandson, who had married the Knight's daughter, speaks of them as her "neveu"
and " nese." See Mr. Stapleton's note on Plumpton Corr. p. 163.
356
PROMPTORIUM PAHVULORUM.
NYGGARDSHEPE. Tenacitas.
NYGROMANCERE (nygramoncer',
p.) Nigromanticus.
NYGROMANCY. Nigromancia.
NYGUN, idem quod nygard, supra
(or muglard. Tenax.)
NYGHTE (nihte, K. nyth, H.) Nox.
NYGHTE CROWE. 1 Nict(ic)orax .
NYGHTYNGALE. Filomena, c. F.
NYGHTE MARE (or mare, or
wytche, infra.) Epialtes, vel
c. F. geronoxa, et
strix (geromaxa, P.)
NYKYR.2 Sirene,plur. Nota supra
in (mer)maydynne.
NYLE of wulle (nyl or wyl, s.)3
JVullipensa, plur.
NYMYL.4 Capax.
NYM KEPE, or take hede. Intendo,
attendo, asculto, considero.
NYMYN, or takyn.5 Accipio, et
alia supra in takyn.
1 The night-jar, Caprimulgus Europaeus, Linn, is called in the North, according to
the Craven Glossary, the night-crow. " A nyghte ravene, cetuma, nicticorax, noctua,
strix." CATH. ANG. " Night crowe, cresserelle." PALSG.
2 WYKYR, MS. nikyr, K. nykyr, H. nykir, p. Compare Mermaydyn, p. 334.
A. -Sax. nicor, monstrum fluviatile. " Niceras, '' Beowulf, v. 838. Kilian gives
Teut. "necker, Daemon aquations, Neptunus, ennosigeus." The Deity of the Sea,
according to the Northern mythology, was called Neckur, a name which was taken,
as Wachter supposes, from nack, equus, and nack, cymba, equus fluviatilis. See
Keysler, Antiq. Sept. p. 262. Boucher's Gl. v. Auld-Nick ; and Sir F. Madden's
note on Lajamon, 1322. Of ancient tales regarding the mermaid see Gesner, lib. iv.
Stowe gives in his Annals, A.D. 1187, a marvellous relation of a merman taken near
Orford Castle, Suffolk, and kept there many months by Earth, de Glanvile, as recorded
by Had. de Coggeshale, Cott. MS. Vesp. D. x. f. 88. The subject of Christian
symbolism has been hitherto so neglected that no explanation has been suggested
with regard to the frequent occurrence of the mermaid among decorations of a sacred
character. It was likewise very frequently introduced, in medieval times, in the designs
of embroidery, and ornaments of ordinary use.
3 The Latin term given here seems to denote that NYLE signifies something of no
weight or account ; it may possibly denote the light flying particles, or flue, of wool.
The white downy substance which arises when brass is exposed to strong heat is called
nill. " Nill, the sparkles, or ashes that come of brass tried in the furnace, pompholyx,
tucia, nil album, nihili, ceris et cadmia favilla." GOULDM. "Nill, les escailles
d'airain." SHERW. Palsgrave gives only " nayle of woll," without any French word.
Noils, according to Forby, signify, in Norfolk, coarse refuse locks of wool, fit for
making mops. The reading of the Harl. MS. 2274 is " nyle, or wulle;" but the
reading of the Winch. MS. would induce the supposition that the word had quite a
different signification from that which has been suggested, and were derived from Ang.-
Sax. nill, non velle.
4 " Nemyll, cautus, etc. ubi wyse." CATH. ANG. It would appear that the sense in
which the word occurs in the Promptorium were handy and skilful in taking or nyming
anything. Compare the use of the adverb " neemly ;" Townl. Myst. p. 105. MY-
CHARE, a pilferer, is rendered capax, p. 336. " Capax, i. assidue capiens, ofte
holdynge, or tokynge." ORTUS. Palsgrave gives " nymble, delyuer, or quycke of
ones lymmes, souple. Nymble, quycke, deliure."11
5 This old word is still in use in the North, according to Brockett, signifying to take
up hastily, or steal privately. "To nim, accipere, furari, subducere, surripere."
GOULDM. See Nares. Ang.-Sax. niman, capere. Compounded with the preposition
be, or by, it occurs frequently, as used by Chaucer, in the sense of bereaving. Douglas,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
357
NYNE. Novem.
NYNE HUNDRYD. Nonaginti.
NYNTENE. Novemdecim, vel de-
cem et novem.
NYNETY. Nonaginta.
NYPARE. Compressor, trusor.
NYPYN. Premo, stringo.
NYPYNGE. Compressio.
NYRVYL, or lytyl manne.1 Pusil-
lus, nanus, c. F.
NYTE, wyrme. Lens.
NOBYLLE, of mony. Nobile.
NOBUL, or wurthy (nobil, or wor-
chip, K.) Inclitus, nobilis, egre-
gius, insignis.
NOBYLNESSE, or grete worthynesse
(nobiley, K. nobley, s. p.) No-
bilitas, excellencia.
NOBYLY. Noliliter, excellenter,
indite) egregie, insigniter.
NODDYNGE wythe the heed. Con-
quiniscio.
NODYL, or nodle of be heed (or
nolle, infra.~) Occiput.
NoYYN,orgrevyn.2 Noceo; quere
supra in grevyn.
NOYYNGE, or noyze (or derynge,
supra; noyzynge, HARL. MS.
2274.) Nocumentum, grava-
men, tedium.
NOYSE, or dene (dyne, K.) Stre-
pitus, sonitus.
NOYOWSE, or grevowse. Nocivus,
noxius, tediosus, infestus.
NOKKE of a bo we, or a spyndylle,
or other lyke.3 Tenorculus,
KYLW. clavicula, KYLW. (tenus,
tenarculus, P.)
NOLLE, supra, idem quod nodul.4
NOMANNE. Nemo.
the monk of Glastonbury, writes in his Chronicle that the King of France " sompnedde
King Edwarde to come to Parys by a certeine day, to do his homage, and elles he wolde
beneme him Gascoigne." Harl. MS. 4690, f. 65, v°. " I nomme, I take (Lydgate),
leprens. This terme is dawche, and nowe none Englysshe." PALSG.
1 In Herefordshire a little person is termed a nurpin, and in the North, according
to Jamieson, a knurl, nirb, nirl, nurg, nurrit, or nauchle. Brockett gives nerled,
ill-treated, pinched, as a child unkindly used by a step-mother. See NURVYLL, dwerfe.
3 The verb to " noye," or hurt, occurs in R. Brunne ; the Wicliffite version, i. Pet.
iii. 13; Apoc. vii. 3; Vis. of P. P. &c. "To noye (or desese), adversari, anxiari,
gravare, molestare. A noye, angor, angustia, gravamen, &c. Anguyse, ubi noe.
Noied — Noyous — Un-noyous, &c." CATH. ANG. " Tedium, noye. Tedet, it noyethe.''
MED. " I noye, I yrke one, I'ennuye. We noye you paraduenture. I noye, I greue
one, le nuys. I noye, or hurte one, Ie nuys. The felowe is so lothsome that he noyeth
me horrybly. Noyeng, nuisance. Noysomnesse, or yrksomnesse, enmiy." PALSG.
Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers, " fro noyeng of meschief (d' ennui) I wyll
kepe me, but alleway lyue in ioye shall be my byledyng (mon deduit,)" Compare
NEY(SE), tene, or dyshese, p. 352.
3 " Nocke of a bowe, oche de I'arc. Nocke of a shafte, oche de la flesche, penon,
cache, loche. I nocke an arrowe, I put ye nocke into ye strynge, leencoycheS'' PALSG.
" Oche, a nick, nock, or notch ; the cut of a tally. Coche, a nock, notch, nick, snip, or
neb ; and hence also, the nut-hole of a crosse-bow.'' COTG. Palsgrave gives the pro-
verbial expression, " he commendeth hym by yonde the nocke, it le prise oultre bort,
et oultre mesure.'"
4 In the later Wicliffite version Isai. iii. 17 is thus rendered : " J>e lord schal make ballid
}>e nol of the dou3tris of Sion (decalvabit verticem,'' Vulg.) Tusser, in his abstract for
February, gives the direction to strike off "the nowls of delving mowls,'' that is, of
their hillocks. Ang.-Sax. cnoll, cacumen. Noddle of ye heed, coupeau de la test." PALSG.
358
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
NOMYN, or take wythe be palsy e.1
Paraliticus.
No ONE, or neuer one (none, K. P.)
Nullus.
NOONE, mydday (none, s. p.)
Nona.
(NONYS, supra in F. for the
nonys.)
NOPPE of a clothe.2 Villus, to-
mentum, c. F. tumentum, UG.
NOPPYD (noppy or wully, HARL.
MS. 2274, P.) Villosus.
(NOPPYD, P. Villatus.)
NOPPYNGE. Villositas, villatura.
NORYCE, or norys of chylder.
Nutrix, gerula, CATH.
NORYCE, or noryschare, and forthe
bryngar fro jouthe to age. Nu-
tricius, nutricia.
NORSCHYD, or forthe browjt.
Nutritus, enutrltus.
NORSCHYD, and tawjte (norisshed,
p.) Educatus.
NORSCHYN, (norisshen, p.) Nu-
trio,foveo, alo, CATH. educo.
NORSCHYNGE, forthe bryngynge.
Nutricio.
NORSCHYNGE, in manerys and
condycyons (norshynge of god
manere, K.) Educacio.
NORSCHYNGE, of mete and fode
(of mete and drynk, s.) Nutri-
mentum, f amentum.
NORYS RYE, where yonge chyldur
arn kept (norshery, where jong
childyr ben, K. arn putte, s.
norcery, p.) Hephotrophium,
CATH. et UG. v. in T.
NORTHE. Borea, aquilo^ sep-
tentrio.
NORTHS EST. Euro aquilo, c. F.
tiphonia, c. F. vulturnus, c. F.
NORTHE WESTE. Aquilo ze-
phirus, c. F.
NORTURE, or curtesye.4 Curi-
alitas, urbanitas.
(NosE, idem quod nese, K. H. p.
Nasus.)
NOSELYNGGYS (noslyngys, s.)5
Suppinus (resupinus, s.)
1 See the note on NYMYN. *' I benorae, I make lame or take away the vse of one's
lymmes, le perclos. I haue sene hym as lusty a man as any was in Englande, but by
ryot, and to moche trauayle, he is nowe benomme of hys lymmes. Benomme (or
benombe of one's lymbes), perclus." PALSG. It is said in the Golden Legend, "his
hondes were so benomen, and so lame, that he myght not worke. Their armes were
byoom, and of noo power." " He is taken or be nomed, attonitus est. This man is
taken, or benomed, syderatus." HORM. Ang.-Sax. benseman, stupefacere ; p. part,
benemed, benumen.
2 "A noppe of clothe, tuberus, tuber, tumentum. Tonoppe, detuberare; -tor, -trix,
-do.'1 CATH. ANG. " Noppe of wolle, or clothe, cotton de tapis. Noppy, as clothe is
that hath a grosse woffe, gros. Noppy, as ale is, mjporetur." Caxton says, in the
Book for Travellers, " Clarisse the nopster (eslourysse) can well her craft, syth whan
she lerned it, cloth for to noppe (esbourier.)" Ang.-Sax. hnoppa, villus. NOPPE is
synonymous with BURLE of clothe, p. 56, and denotes those little knots, which, after
cloth has passed through the fulling-mill, are removed by women with little nippers ;
a process termed burling cloth.
3 Aflo, MS. aquilo, s. P. " Northe parte or wynde, septentrion, byse.'J PALSG.
4 Herman says, "It is nourture (officium est) to gyue place to your better."
5 " Supinus, naselynge." MED. HARL. MS. 2257. " Supinus, layenge vpon the
backe." ORTUS, Supinus appears to be given in the Promptorium, as previously,
under the word GROVELYNGE, p. 215, in the sense of resupinus : NOSELYNGGYS
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
359
('NosE THYRLYS, idem quod nese
thyrlys, K.)
NOSTYLLE of nettys (nostul, H.)
Nastula, c. F. instita, nasculus,
c. F.
NOOTE, of songe yn a boke.1
Nota.
NOTARY. Notarius, tabellio, c. F.
NOTE, frute. Nux.
NOTE, kyrnel (mete, or kyrnel, K.)
Nucleus, CATH.
NOTE, tree. Nux, nucliarius,
CATH.
NOTE, dede of occupacyon. Opus,
occupacio.
NOTH AK, byrde.2 Picus, c. F. UG. v.
NOTEMYGGE. Nux muscata.
NOTYD. Notatus.
NOTYNGE. Notacio.
NOTUN songe. Noto.
NOTUN, or vsyn. Utor.
Now. Nunc^jam, modo.
NowcHE.3 Monile, c. F. et Dice.
scutula, CATH.
NOWHTE (nowth, K. nowte, s.
nought, P.) Nichil.
NOWJTE WURTHE. InvallduS.
NOWTHE CUN, or haue no cun-
ny(n)ge (cone, H. nought kun,
p.)4 Nescio.
NOWTHE KNOW. Ignoro.
NOWTHE MOWN. Nequeo.
seems to be synonymous with that word, as also with wombelyng, and compounded of
Ang.-Sax. nses, and lan£, along.
1 NOOTE, or synge, MS. noote of songe, s.
2 " A nutte hake, picus, corciscus." CATH. ANG. "Picus, a nuthawke." ORTUS.
" Nothagge, a byrde, iaye." PALSG. Sitta Europea, Linn, the nuthatch, or nut-
jobber, Willughby, the woodcracker, Plot, Hist. Oxf. 175, named from its singular
habit of hacking and cleaving nuts. In the Grammar of R. Whitinton, part first, is
mentioned "picus, avis que cavat arbor es, Anylice, a vynde."
3 It might be at first sight concluded that this word was merely a variation of spelling,
the final n. being taken from the article, and by prosthesis prefixed to the substantive
ouch. It seems, however, probable that NOWCHE is a corruption of the Latin word
nusca, or nuxa, a broach or fibula. See Ducange. In the Inventory of the Jewels of
Blanche of Spain, 1299, Liber Gard. 28 Edw. I. p. 353, are mentioned vtiihfirmacula,
broaches or clasps, ".;'. nouchia ad modum aquile aurea, cum rub1 et ameraudis, precii
d. li. turon1 nigrorum. j. nouchia auri, cum imaginibus Regis et Regine, de armis
Franc', cumpetrarid diversd, precii cc. xl. li. turori1 ." In the list of jewels taken 1310,
preserved in the Wardrobe Book 2 Edw. II. Harl. MS. 315, f. 48, is the entry " nusche
auri precii cx.s." two others, of the value of iiij. li. and vij. marks ; and iv. firmacula
of gold, one of which was worth xxv. marks. " Lunule sunt proprie auree bullule de-
pendentes, ad similitudinem lune factc, quibus mulieres solebant ornare pectus suum ;
Anglice an ouche or a barre.'' ORTUS. " My mother hath a ryche ouche (preciosissimum
segmentum) hangynge aboute her necke. He hath an ouche (monile) of golde gar-
nisshed with precyouse stoonys. Ladis of Ynde were preciouse stonys and ouches in
theyr earis (elenchis et crotaliis.) He gave her an ouche couched with pearlys and
precious stonys (monile margaretis et gemmis consertum.") HORM. " Nouche, or broche,
afficquet. Ouche for a bonnet, afficquet, uffichet?' PALSG. " Fermaglio, the hangeyng
owche, or flowre that women use to tye at the chaine or lace that they weare about their
neckes." W. Thomas, Ital. Grammar, 1548. The designs of Holbein, executed for
Hen. VIII. afford exquisite specimens of this kind of ornament. Sloane MS. 5308.
4 Compare CONYN, p. 89, and CUNNE, or to baue cunnynge, p. 109. "To cunne,
scire, etc. ubi to cone.'' CATH. ANG.
CAMD. SOC. 3 A
360
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
NOWTHE WYLN (nowtwyllyn, K.
nought willy n, p.) Nolo.
NOUYCE, or novys. Novisius.
NOVYSRYE (nouycery, H. s. P.)
Noviciatus.
NOVYL, or navyl. Umbilicus.
NOWMELYS of a beest (nowm-
belys, K. nowmel, H.)1 Bur-
balia, plur. c. F. vel burbia,
KYLW. et UG. in burgus.
NOWMERE. Numerus.
NOWMERON'. Numero, annumero.
NOWMERYNGE. Numeracio.
N(o)wMPERE,or owmpere (nowm-
powre, or wompowre, s.) Ar-
biter, sequester, CATH. et c. F.
NOWUNDYR (nowonder, p.) Ni-
mirum.
NOWTUN, or syettyn at nowhte
(nowhtyn, or sette at no3te, s.
sett at nowth, HARL. MS. 2274,
noughtyn, P.) Vilipendo^jloc-
tipendo, c. F. nullo, adnullo,
nichilo, nichilpendo.
NWE (nev, s.) Novus.
NWE ALE.2 Celia, c. F.
NVLY (nwely, K.) Noviter.
NWE MONE. Neomenia.
NWYN, or make newe. Innovo
(renovo. P.)
(NVYNGE, or ynnewynge, HARL.
MS. 2274. Innovo?)
NUNE, womann of relygione
(nvnne, K. p.) Monialis, mo-
nacha.
(NuN, or none, P. Nona.}
NuNMETE.3 Merenda, CATH. an-
tecenium, CATH.
1 The interpretation given by Uguitio is " Burbulia, intestina majora." AR. MS.
508. "pe nownbils of a dere, burbilia, pepinum." CATH. ANG. " Burbilia, Anglice
nombles. Popinum, nombles.'' ORTUS. " Noumbles of a dere, or beest, entrailles."
PALSG. " Pr&cordia, the numbles, as the hart, the splene, the lunges, and lyuer."
ELYOT. See Ducange, v. Numbile, Numble, and Roquefort, v. Nomble, a portion cut
from between the thighs of the deer. " Noumbles " are mentioned in Gawayu and the
Grene Kny3t, v. 1347. See Sir F. Madden's notes, p. 322 ; and A Jewell for Gentrie,
1614, sign. F. e. The term nombles did not, as it would seem, denote only the
entrails of the deer. In "Dame Julyans Bernes boke of huntynge " minute instruc-
tions are given " how ye shall breke an harte," sign. e. j. v°, ed. 1496. The skin
having been stripped off, and the inwards removed, the nombles are to be cut according
to particular directions, the " nerys" or kidneys belonging to them ; and they are to
be trussed up carefully in the skin, and carried home for the lord ; whilst the inwards
and other parts are otherwise distributed. " Nombles, piece de chair, qui se lene entre
es cuisses du cerf: cervi petimen, cervinum spetile." MONET. See a recipe for
7" Nomblys of pe venyson," Harl. MS. 279, f. 9. See also Forme of Cury, pp. 15, 16,
94. Skinner writes the word the "humbles" of a stag, and rightly considers it as
derived from umbilicus.
2 Compare ALE, whyle it is newe, p. 9; and GYYLDE, or new ale, p. 193.
3 " Merenda, a none meete. Anticenia, a nonemele. Cenobita, a nonemele." MED.
" A nvne mete, antecena, anticenum, merenda." CATH. ANG. " Merenda est comcstio
vel spaciatus in meridie, vel est cibus qui declinante die sumilur. Merendula, a beuer
after none." " Merenda, breakefast, or noone meate." Thomas, Ital. Gramm. 1548.
In the Towneley Myst. p. 234, noyning signifies, as explained in the Glossary, a noon-
nap, or siesta. " He has myster of nyghtes rest that nappys not in noyning." Bp.
Kennett gives the following note in his Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033.
" Nooning, beavre, drinking, or repast ad nonam, three in the afternoon, called by the
Saxons non-msete, in ye North parts a noonchion, an afternoon's minchion." In
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
361
(NURUYLL, dwerfe,
nyruyll, p.)
(NussE, fissile, p.)1
supra in
OBEYYN, or be buxum. Obedio,
pareo, CATH. obtempero.
OBLY, or vbly (brede to sey wythe
masse, infra.)2 Nebula, Dice.
UG. v. in C. (adoria, infra.)
OBLYCON, or byynd be worde
(oblycyon, H. oblygacone, s.
oblygeren, w.) Obligo.
OBLYGACYON.
acio* ciro-
graphus, CATH. et c. F. et UG. in
grama.
OCCASYONE, or enchesone (or
cause, supra.) Occasio.
OCORN, or acorn, frute of an oke
(occorne, or akorne, p.) Glans,
CATH.
OCULUS CHRISTI, herbe.3 Hispia,
vel hispia minor, et major di-
citur cow wede (cheken wede, P.)
OCCUPACYONE, or dede. Occu-
pacio.
OccupYON.4 Occupo.
Norfolk and Suffolk, according to Grose, Forby, and Moor, the meal taken by reapers
or labourers, at noon, is still called noonings. See also Noonin, in the Craven Glos-
sary ; and Nummet, Somerset. Harrison, in his Description of England, written about
1579, gives some curious remarks on the customs of ancient times respecting meals,
cited in the note on BEUER, p. 34. Holinsh. Chron. i. 170.
1 Haldorson gives Islaridic, "huysa, delphinus minimus, delphiniscus ; Dan. marsvin."
" Husse, a fysshe, rousette." PALSG. Compare HUSKE, fyshe, p. 254.
2 In the Latin-Eng. Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587, is given " oblatum, a oblay :" in Roy.
MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 26, "nebula, noble; vafra, wayfyre." " Oblema, an obley.
Nebula, a wafron — panis nebula coctus cum dupllci ferro." ORTUS. See the minute
directions of Abp. Lanfranc as to the mode of preparing the wafer for sacred purposes ;
Wilkins, Cone. i. 349. In the regulations for the allowance to the Household of
Hen. II. Liber Niger, ed. Hearne, i. 344, the " nebularius" and his man occur after
the pistores. Oblys were not exclusively of sacred use ; in the Forme of Cury,
p. 21 , it is directed to " take obleys, o>er wafrouns, in stede of lozeyns, and cowche in
dysshes," as sippets for " hares in papdele.'' During the Coventry Pageant, on oc-
casion of the visit of Prince Edward, 1474, "at the Crosse in the Croschepyng were
iij. prophets standyng seynsyng ; and upon the crosse a-boven were childer of Issarell
syngyng, and castyng out whete obles, and floures." Sharp, Cov. Myst. p. 153. The
following physical charm is found in a collection made towards the close of the XVth
cent. Add. MS. 12,195, f. 136, v° : " For feueres. Take iij. oblyes, and wryte in one
of hem, -(-.I. Elyze -f- Sabeth -j- In the o>er, Adonay -}- Alpha and oo. + Messias -f"
In >e iij. pastor -|- Agnus fons -f- Let hym ete these iij. in iij. dayes, with holy
water fastyng, and he xal be heyl be the grace of God ; and sey v. pater nostris, v. aue
Maria, die crede, in the worschip of God, and of Seynt Pernel." In the detailed
account of the coronation of Queen Mary, 1553, preserved at the College of Arms, it
is stated that gold and an " oble " were laid as an offering upon the altar.
3 Compare MATFELON, p. 329, where cow wede is said to be the Jacia alba. In
Sloane MS. 5, Oculus Christi is said to be the same as calendula and " solsequium,
Gall, solsicle, Ang. Seynte Marie rode. Solsequium, Rodewort, oj?er marygoldys."
Cotgrave gives " Orvale sauvaye, wild clary, double clary, ocle Christi."
4 This verb very commonly occurs in the sense of to use. Herman says, " Some
shipmen occupie saylis of lether, nat of lynen, nether of canuas. Women occupye
pynnis to araye them.'' " This latton basen cankeryth, for faulte of occupyeng, par
faults d'estre vsite. I occupye, ie mite, for ie vse is to weare. I praye you be nat
angrye, thoughe I haue occupyed your knyfe a lytell." PALSG.
362
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
OCUR, or vsure of gowle.1 Usura.
OCCTR, colure. Ocra, KYLW.
ODDE. Impar.
ODYOWS, or be-hatyd. Odiosus.
ODOWRE, or relece. Odor.
OOF, threde for webbynge.2
Trama, CATH. stamen, c. F.
subtegmen, CATH.
OFFAL, that ys bleuit of a thynge,
as chyppys, or o]>er lyke (bat
levyd of a thinge, as chippys of
tre, K. that beleueth of a thinge,
as chyppys of trees, p.) Ca-
ducum, c. F.
OF HOWSHOLDE, or dwellynge
in howsholde. Mancionarius,
mancionaria, domesticus, do-
mestica.
OFFERYN. Offero.
OFFERON, or make sacryfyce.
Immolo.
OFFERYNGE. Oblacio.
OFFERYNGE, or presaunt to a
lorde at Crystemasse, or ober
tymys.3 Nefrendicium, CATH.
in nefrendis.
OFFERTORY. Offertorium.
OFFYCE. Officium.
1 " Feneror, (to) okur. Fenerator, an okerere." MED. " Okyr,fenus, usura. An
okerer ; to do okyr, &c. An vsure, usura, etc. ubi okyr." CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax.
wocer •, fructus , usura. In the earlier Wicliffite version it is said of the " comelyng,"
Deut. xxviii. 44, " He shal oker to thee (al. gauyl) and thou shalt not oker to hym,"
in the later version " leene," (foenerabit, Vulg. ) Hardyngsays of the times of Edw. I.
that great complaints were made of the " okoure and vsury " practised by the Jews
abiding in the land. Chron, c. 150. The curious compilation, entitled Flos florum,
Burney MS. 356, comprises the points and articles of " Corsynge or mansynge," to be
shewn by each parson to his flock four times in the year, in the mother tongue ; in which
are named " alle vsureres, alle J>at make> o>er write> >at oker shal be payd ; o>er yf
hyt be payd, Jmt hyt ne be restored." p. 98. So likewise it is said in the ancient
treatise cited in Becon's Reliques of Rome, 1563, p. 252, that "all okereris and
usureris (ben accursed), that is to say, if a man or woman lend good to her neyhbour
for to take aduauntage for her lending." In the verses on the seventh commandment
in the " Speculum Xpistiani " (by John Watton ?) it is said,
" Be thou no theef, no theuys fere,
Ne nothyng wynne thurgh trechery :
Okur nor symonye come thou not nere,
But conscience clere kepe ay truly."
See also Towneley Myst. p. 162 ; Reliqu. Ant. ii. 113 ; and the Castell of Labour, W.
de Worde, 1506, sign. c. iij. where the companions of avarice are said to be usury,
rapine, false swearing, and " okerye."
2 In the earlier Wicliffite version, Lev. xiii. 47 is thus rendered : " A wullun clooth,
or lynnen that hath alepre in the oof (in stamine, Vulg.) or in the werpe — it shal be
holdun a lepre." Stamen is properly the warp, or ground-work of the web, as it is
rendered in the Ortus ; trama is the woof, or transverse texture. Ang.-Sax. weft, sub-
tegmen. The reading of the MS. is Traura, but as no such word is found in the
Catholicon, the reading of the Winch. MS. and Pynson's edit, has been adopted.
" Trama, filum inter stamen discurrens." CATH.
3 " Nefrendicium, a cherles rent, and a present of a disciple." MED. HARI>. MS.
2270. Compare OMAGE, which is rendered likewise by the word nefrendicium. In the
Catholicon nefrendicium is said to be derived from nefrendis, a barrow pig, and to
signify " annuale tributum quod rust id suis dominis circa nativitatem, vel alio tempore
anni, solent afferre ; et quod parvi discipuli suis doctoribus apportant, duntaxat sit
carneum, scilicet porcellus vel hujusmodi." In Brand's Popular Antiquities much
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
363
OFFYCE, or place of offyce. Offi-
cina, c. F.
OFFYCYALLE. OJficialis.
OFFYCERE. Officiarius.
OFFYCE RE of cruelte, as bayly, or
iaylere, or other lyke. Satelles,
COMM.
OF o COLOWRE (one colowre, s.)
Unicolor.
OF o LYKENESSE (or lyke, K. s. p.
of one lykenesse, s. p.) Uni-
f or mis.
O FOTE (oiFote, H. P. on fote, s.)
Pedester.
O FOTYD beest (o foted, or one
foted best, p.) Loripes, CATH.
OF o WYLLE (of one wyll, s. p.)
Unanimis, CATH. unius moris,
CATH. in iija. parte.
OFTYNE. Sepe, multocies, fre-
quenter, plerumgue.
(OYL, idem quod oly, infra.')
OYLE wythe oyle.
(OYNEMENT, or onyment, infra.
Unguentum.}
OYSTER, fysche. Ostrea, vel
ostreum, c. F.
OYSTER, shelle. Ostrea.
OKE, tre. Quercus, ylex, c. F.
(OoLD OOK, H. olde oke, p. Ilex,
C.F.)
OKE APPUL. Galla.
(OKE plante, P. Ornus.)
OLDE, or elde. Antiquus, vetus,
veteranus, senex, grandevus,
annosus (veteratus, P.)
OLE, for-weryd, as clothys, and
other thyngys. Vetustus, de-
tritus.
OLDE SHEPE, beest. Adasia, UG.
in agnus. (Arva valet vite,
sed adasia crassa laniste, s.)
OLDE WOMANN, supra in elde
woman.
OLY, or oyl. Oleum.
OLY DRESTYS.1 Amurca, c. F.
OLYET, made yn a clothe, for
sperynge (made on a cloth to
spere, p.)2 Fibularium, CATH.
(gusibularium, K.)
OLYET, hole yn a walle (olyet,
lytell hole, H. p.) Foramuhim,
CATH. (theca, forulus, P.)
OLYFAWNT, or elephawnt. Ele-
phas, barrus, c. F. elephantus.
OLY MANN, or he that makythe,
or syllythe oyle. Olearius,
olearia, UG.
curious information may be found on the origin and custom of presenting gifts at
Christmas and the New Year ; but the particular usage to which allusion is made in the
Promptorium has been insufficiently noticed. It seems that it was customary for in-
feriors to present gifts to their superiors at this season, as the dependants of the court
to the Sovereign, the vassals to their lord, or the scholars to the pedagogue. M. Paris
complains of the extortion of " primitiva, qua vulgares nova dona novi anni superstitiose
solent appMare^ from each of the wealthier citizens of London, in 1249. The precise
period at which this became an established usage has not been ascertained : numerous
evidences regarding it may be found in the Inquisitions which set forth the customs of
manors, such as those printed in Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire, iii. pp. 614, 618, the
Household Books, Privy Purse Expenses, and Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
and James the First.
1 See DRESTYS, p. 131. " Fex, drestus. Fecula, a litul drast." MED. The term
" drastis " (faeces, Vulg.) occurs in the Wicliffite version, Isai. xlix. 6. Of the medi-
cinal properties of " drestis " of wine, see Arund. MS. 42, f. 86.
2 " Oyliet hole, oillet:' PALSG. " Oeillet, an oilet-hole." COTG.
364
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
OLY POTTE, or oly vesselle. Emi-
cadium, c. F. et UG. in mico,
olearium, UG.
OLYVE, propyr name. Oliva.
OLYVE, tre. Oliva.
OYLYYNGE wythe oyle. Oleacio.
OMAGE (or viuage, infra.) Ho-
magium, nefrendicium, CATH.
et UG. in apes.
OMAGER. Homagiarim, ho-
magiaria.
OONE. Unus.
ON ABLE. Inhabilis, ineptus.
OONE a-cordyd, or ful a-cordyd
to-gedur in herte or wylle (ona-
cord, K. of one acorde, s.)
Unanimis.
ON A THRONGE, or to-gedur
(onarowe, K.) Gregatim, tur-
matim.
OON, a-lone. Unions.
ON-A-VYSYD. Inprovisus.
OON BE-GOTYN. Unigenitus.
ONBYNDYN, or losyn (onbyyndyn,
or solvyn, s.) Solvo, exsolvo.
ONBUXUM (or sturdy, infra.)
fnobediens, contumax, rebellis.
ONCERTEYNE. Incertus.
ON-CHASTE. Inpudicus, lu-
bricus, incontinens.
ONCLENE. Inmundus, inpurus.
ON-COMELY. Indecens, dffformis.
ON-CUNNYNGE. Inscius, ignarus.
ONCURYN, or on-hyllyn. Detego,
discooperiO) CATH.
ONCURTEYS. Incurialis (ingra-
tus, P.)
OONDE, or brethe (onde, K. H. p.)1
Anelitus.
ONDYN, or brethyn . Aspiro, anelo.
ONDEDELY. Immortalis.
ON-DEFYYD.2 Indigestus.
* Onde, signifying breath, occurs in Kyng Alls. 3501; Rich. Coer de Lion, 4848.
Gaut. de Bibelesworth says that ladies take good care to wash well their mouths,
" Kar fenchesoun est certeyne,
Ke eles le fount pur Ion aleyne (god onde.)" Ar. MS. 220, f. 297, v°.
In Arund. MS. 42, f. 48, Betonica is recommended as a specific " for cowh, and streyt
onde : po(wder) of hym myjt with clarefied hony noble for hem bat ben strey3t ondyd,
and ban be cowh, and for do> haketynge, and swuch." Bolus Armenicus also is said
to afford " noble helpe for hem J?at ban \>Q asme, as for elde folk J?at arn streyt ondyd,
if >ey drynkyn it;" f. 50, v°. See also a remedy for " shorte onde," f. 53, b. ; and
the virtues of thyme " for hem )>at ben anelows, i. streyt ondyd," f. 80. " Halo, to
onde, or brethe, or raxulle. Alitus, oondynge, and norysshynge. Anelo, to oonde, or
pantt. Anelitus, oonde." MED. Andrew Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, 1575, c. 20,
writes, " of a man's breth, or ende, anelitus ; in Englyshe it is named the breath, or
ende of a man, the which other whyle doth stynk, or hath an euyll savour." See Aynd,
Eynd, and End, in Jamieson. Grose gives yane, the breath, in the Northern Dialect.
Ang.-Sax. ond, spiritus. Compare Islandic, anda, spiro; ond, anima.
2 See the note on DEFYYN mete, p. 115. In the earlier Wicliftite version, 1 Kings,
xxv. 37 is thus rendered : " Forsobe in \>e morewtid whanne Nabal hadde defied J^e
wijn (diyessisset, Vulg.) his wijf schewide to hyrn all bise wordis, and his herte was
almest deed wij? ynne." In the later the following passage occurs, Deut. xxiii. 13 :
"bouschalt haue a place wibout be castels, to which bou schalt go out to nedeful
bingis of kynde, and >ou schalt bere a litil stake in be girdil, and whanne bou hast sete,
bou schalt digge bi cumpas, and bou schalt hile wib erbe bingis defied out '' (eyesta,
Vulg.) In Arund. MS. 42, f. 70, v°, it is said of orange, that " some etyn it with bony,
bowh hony be badde mete, for it is wik to defyin." See also Vis. of Piers P. v. 4.57.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
365
ON-DEFOWLYD (on-fowlyd, s.)
Immacuiatus, incontaminatus.
ONDOAR, or expownare. Expo-
sitor, interpres.
ONDOARE, or dystroyare. De-
structor, dissipator, confusor.
ONDOARE, or opynnare of thyngys
schet or closyd (expowndare, s.)
Apertor.
ONDOON, or dystroyyn. Destruo,
et alia supra in destroy oil
(confundo, extermino, P.)
ONDON, or expownyn. Expono,
interpreter, resero.
ONDOON, or ondo lokys or spe-
ryngys (springes, P.) Aperio.
ONDOYNGE, or dystroyynge. Dis-
sipacio, destruccio (confusio, P.)
ONDOYNGE, or expownynge (ex-
powndyng, s.) Exposicio, de-
claracio, inter pretacio.
ONDOYNGE, or op(y)nynge of
schettellys, or sperellys (on-
pynnynge schettys, s.) Apercio
(apericio, P.)
OONE EYYD (one eyyle, s.) Mo-
noculus, monotalmus, luscus,
CATH. et c. F. monocula, lusca.
ONEST. Honestus.
ONESTE. Honestas.
(ONESTLY, K. Honeste.)
ON EVYRYSYDE. Undique, cir-
cumquaque (undicumque* ubi-
cunque, P.)
ONFESTYN, idem quod on-losyn
(idem quod on-solvyn, s.)
(ONFOTYD, supra in ofotyd, K.)
ON-GENTYL, supra in oncurteys.
ON-GENTYLLE of kynne. Igno-
bilis, degener, c. F. ingene-
rosus; et alia supra in B.
bastarde.
ON-GENTYL be fadyr, and moder.
Ybridus, UG. v. in 17.
ON-GYLTY. Immunis, innocens
(inculpabilis, P.)
ON-GRACYOWS. Ingraciosus, aca-
ris, CATH. vel acharis, c. F.
OON HANDYD (on handyl, s.)
Mancus, et manca, CATH.
ON-HAP, or myshappe. Infor-
tunium, disfortunium.
ON- HAPPY. Infortunatus , infelix^
disfortunatus.
ONEHEDE, or on a-cord (ooned,
H. P.) Unitas.
(ONHILLYN, K. or oncuryn, supra.
Discooperio, detego.^)
ON-HOLSUM (or on-sety, infra.)
Insalubris.
ON-HURTE. Illesus.
ONY, or ony thynge. Ullus.
ONYD.1 Unitus.
ONYN to-gedyr (onyn, or vnyn
to-geder, p.) Unio, aduno.
ONYNGE to-gedyr« Unio, adu-
nacio.
ONYJUENT, or oynement. Ungu-
entum.
ONYONE. Sepe.
ON-KYNDE yn herte (or ongentyl,
K. p.) Ingratus, acaris,
CATH.
ON-KYYND, or now}! after cowrs
of kynde. Innaturalis.
ON-KYNDELY yn herte. Ingra-
tanter, acaride.
ON-KYNDE yn kynde, or nature.
Innaturalis.
ON-KYNDELY. Innaturaliter.
1 The participle *' oned," united, occurs in Chaucer, Cant. T. v. 7550. Compare
PUT to-geder, and onyd. Continues,
366
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ON-KNOWE (onknowyn, K.) Ig-
notus, incognitus.
ON-KNOWYNGLY. Ignoranter,
ignote, inscienter.
ONLAWFULLE.1 Illegittimus.
ONLAWFULLY. Illegittime.
ON-LEEFULLE. Illicitus, nephas,
nepharius.
ON-LEFULLY. Illicite, nepharie.
ON-LETTERYD. Illiteratus, agra-
matus, c. F.
ON-LETTERYDLY. Illiterate, agra-
mate.
ONLY. Solomodo.
ON-LOTHESUM.
ON-LYSTY, or lystles.2 Deses.
ON-MEUABLE. Immobilis.
ON-MEU(A)BLY. Immobiliter.
ON-MEVYD. Immotus.
ONMYGHTY. Inpotens.
ON-MYGHTLY. Inpotenter.
ON-NUMERABLE. Innumerabilis.
ONNUMERABLY. Innumerabiliter.
ONPACYENT. Inpaciens.
ON-PACYENTLY. Inpacienter.
ON-POWDERYD.3 InSttlsUS, CATH.
et c. F.
ON-POWDERYD, on-saltyd. In-
salitus.
ONPREVYN, or imprevyn (in-
preuyn, H. s. p.) Improbo.
ON-PROFYTABLE. Inutilis.
ON-PROFYTABLY. Inutiliter.
ON-PUNSC(H) Yo(onponysshed, p.)
Inpunitus.
ON-PUNSCHYD, or wythe-owte pun-
schy(n)ge. Inpune.
(ONPONYSSHINGLY, p.Impunite.)
ON-QWELMYN (onwhelmen, p.)4
Desuppino, discooperio.
ON-QWEMABLE.5 InpldCdUlis.
ON-QWEMABLY. Inplacabiliter.
ON-REPENTAUNT. Inpenitens.
ON-REPENT A WNTLY. Inpeni-
tenter.
ON-RYGHTEFULLE. Injustus.
1 The proper distinction is evidently made in the Promptorium between lawful and
LEFULLE. Compare LAWFULLE, legitimus, p. 289, and LEFULLE, or lawfulle, licitus,
p. 293. The etymology of the two words is manifestly distinct, the first being derived
from Ang.-Sax. lah, lex ; the second from Ang.-Sax. leaf, permissio. " Lawfulle,
legalis, licitus. Lefulle, licitus, faustus. Vnlefulle, illicitus, illecebrosus." CATH.
ANG. " Leyitimo, to make lawfull. Legitimus, bonus, secundum legem habitus, vel
factus. Licitus, lefull." ORTUS. By Wicliff this last word is written " leveful,"
which approaches more closely to the original orthography, and the distinction is ob-
served by the old writers. W. Thorpe, in his examination by Abp. Arundel, 1407,
stated that he had said that the law of Holy Church teaches in the decrees that no
servant ought to obey his lord, child his parent, or wife her husband, " except in lefull
things and lawfull.'' This document was published by Tindal from Thorpe's autograph.
The same phrase occurs in the Statutes of the Gild of St. Francis at Lynn, 1454, re-
garding the summons of the fraternity " in lefull and lawfull tyme." Richards, vol. i.
478. Palsgrave renders both "laufull" and " lefull,'' French, " licite, loysib /<?.''
2 Compare LYSTY, delectabilis, p. 307 ; LUSTY, or lysty, delectuosus, p. 317. Ang.-
Sax. lystan, velle, cupere ; lystlice, libenter. Hence the negative listless, indifferent,
having no desire. See OWLYST man, Deses.
3 See POWDERON, and powderyd wythe salt, hereafter.
4 This word is placed between ONSADELYN and ON-WYNDYN, as if written ON-
WHELMYN. Compare OVYR Q.WELMYN, p. 374, TURNON, or qwelman, and WHELMYN.
5 See QVEMYN, or plesyn ; PEESYD, or qwemyd, &c. Ang.-Sax. cweman, placere.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
367
ON-RYGHTEFULLY. Injuste.
(ONSADDDE, as fysche, infra in
thoke.1 ffumorosus, CATH. et
UG. insolidus.}
ONSADELYN hors, or takyn a-wey
fro hem byrdenys. Desterno,
CATH.
ONSAUERY. Insipidus.
ONSAVERYLY. Insipide.
ON-SCHAM E-FAST. Inpudens, in-
verecundus, effrons.
ON-SCHAMEFASTLY. Inpudenter,
inverecunde, effronter.
ON-SEMELY. Indecens, inconve-
niens, disconveniens.
ON-SEMELY, or yn on-semely
wyse. Indecenter, inconvenien-
ter, disconvenienter.
ON-SET Y, idem quod on-holsum,
supra.2 (Insalubris.)
ON-SYGHTY. Invisibilis.
ON-SYGHTYLY. Invisibiliter.
ON-SYTTYNGE, idem quod on-
semely, supra (on-lykly, s. 011-
sittinge, supra onsemynge, P.)3
(ONSITTINGLY, supra in on-
semely, P.)
ONSTABYL. Instabilis.
ONSTABYLLY. Instaliliter.
ONSTEDEFAST, idem quod vn-
stabyl, supra.
ONSTEDEFASTNESSE. Instabilitas.
ON-SUFFERABYL, or ontollerable.
In to Her a b His, insuffera b His (in -
sustentabilis. P.)
ON-SUFFERABLY (or intollerably,
p.) Intollerabiliter.
ON-TAWHTE. Indoctus, instructus.
ONTELLEABLE. Inenarrabilis.
ON-THEN DE. Invalidus.
ON-THENDLY. Invalids.
ON-THENDE, and fowl, and owt
cast.4 Abjectus.
ONTHRYFYN. Devfgeo.
ON-Tn(R)YFTE.5 Devigencia.
ONTHRYFTY, idem quod on-
thende (on-tryfty, s.)
durisipus, s. intemperatus, P.)
ON-TYDELY.
1 See SAD, or hard. Solidus.
2 Compare Ang.-Sax. un-sida, pravitas, vitium ; or un-sift, Her infellv. Teut.
on-sedigh, male moratus.
3 Neither the adjective, nor the impersonal verb sitteth, it is becoming, occur here-
after in the Promptorium, but they are not unfrequently used by Chaucer, Gower, and
other writers. In Trevisa's version of Vegecius, B. ii. c. 18, it is said that " it semed
vnsittyng that he hat shulde receyue of the Emperour lyverey, clothing, and sowde,
shulde be occupied in eny o>er office but in the Emperours werres." Roy. MS. XVIII.
A. 12. "It sy teeth, it becometh, il siet : it sytteth nat for your estate to weare so fyne
furres." PALSG.
4 Wrath, in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, v. 2825, complaining of the austerities
and discipline to which he was subjected in a monastery, says,
" I ete there unthende fisshe,
And feble ale drynke.''
Mr. Wright explains the word as signifying unserved, without sauce. Ang.-Sax. }>enian,
ministrare.
6 The reading of the MS. admits of a slight doubt here, as from the similarity of
s. and f. it appears to be ON-THYSTE ; as also in the Winch. MS. on-thryste.
Compare THRYFTE and THRYFTY, hereafter.
CAMD. SOC. 3 B
368
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ON-TRUSTY (or on-trysty, s.)
Insecurus, infidus (infidelis^ P.)
ON-TROSTLY(ontruly,oruntrustly.
Infideliter, insecure, P.)
ON-TREWE. Infi delis.
ON-TREWLY. Infideliter.
ON-WARE. Incautus.
ON-WARLY. Incaute.
ON-WASCHYD. Illotus.
ON-WYNDYN, or on-twynyfi (on-
twyndyn, s.) Detorqueo, CATH.
ON-WYSE. Insipiens, imprudens,
inscius (stultus, P.)
ON-WYSELY. Imprudenter, in-
sipienter, inscie.
ON-WYTYNGE. Ignorans.
ON-WYTYNGLY. Ignoranter.
ON-WURTHY. Indignus.
ON-WURTHYLY. Indigne.
ON PYLGYRMAGE (sic, opylgry-
mage, K. H. s. p.) Peregre.
OPYN, or opnyn. Aperio.
OFYNYONE. Opinio.
OPENYNGE, or ondoynge of schet-
tynge (opning, vndoynge of bat
is sperd, K. undonynge that is
hyd, P.) Apercio.
(OPNYNG, or expownynge, K. s.
oppnynge, H. openynge,
Exposicio.}
(OPOSYN, supra in aposen,
K. H. s. p.1
Oppono.)
appull-
OPPOSYNGE. Opposicio.
OPPRESSYNGE, or ouer ledynge
(oppressyon, s.) Oppressio.
OPVN. Apertus (patulus, P.)
OPUN, fulle knowyn. Manifestus.
OPUNLY. Manifeste, palam.
OPVN SYNNARE, wythe-owtyn'
schame. Puplicanus, pupli-
cana, CATH.
ORATORYE. Oratorium.
(ORCHERDE, supra in
yerde. Pomerium.)
ORDEYNYD. Ordinatus, consti-
tutus.
ORDEYNYN. Ordino.
ORDEYNYN, or settyn a thynge to
be don. Statuo, constituo, in-
stituo.
ORDYNAWNCE, or ordytiacyon.
Ordinacio, constitucio, ordo.
(ORDYR, s. p. Ordo.}
OORE, for rowynge (ore, K. H. P.)
Remus.
ORFREY of a westyment2 (vest-
1 Chaucer uses the verb to appose, signifying to object to, or put to the question ;
Cant. T. v. 7179, 15,831. " I oppose one, I make a tryall of his lernyng, or I laye a
thyng to his charge, ie apose. I am nat to lerne nowe to appose a felowe, a apposer
un gallant.'1'* PALSG. See Towneley Myst. pp. 193, 195.
2 This term seems to be directly taken from the French orfrais, or low Latin orfrea,
the band or bordure of embroidery with which rich garments, and especially vestments
of sacred use, were decorated. Menage supposes it to have been formed from aurum
Phrygium, attributing to Phrygia the invention of such embroideries. The orfrey was
originally, but not always, as the name expresses, a work broidered in gold. The most
remarkable specimens existing in England are the relics of vestments discovered at
Durham, in the tomb attributed to St. Cuthbert, and wrought by order of Queen
^Elfleda for Frithelstan, Bp. Winchester, A.D. 905. See the note on the word FANVN',
p. 149. The skill of the embroiderers and goldsmiths of England from an early period
had extended their reputation over the Continent. The following statement occurs in
the Gesta Gul. Ducis Norm, et Regis Angl. p. 211 : " Anglice nationis femine multum
acu et auri tcocturd, egreyie viri in omni valent artificial' In the Chronicle of Casino, it
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 369
ment, s.) Aurifigium, c. F. et
NECC. aurift'igium, glossa Me-
rarii dicit.
Organum.
ORGONYSTER (organer, s.) Or-
gonista, organicus, orgonicus,
-ca, -cum, CATH.
ORGON PYPE, or pype of an
orgon'. Cartes^ CATH. ydraula,
BRIT, vocabula musiva.
O R R Y B L E. (IT)orridus, horribilis.
ORYEL of a wyndowe (of windown',
s.)2 Cancellusj CATH. inten-
dicula, KYLW.
(ORYELLE tre, supra in aldyr
tre.3 Alnus, c. F.)
appears that the jewelled work termed Anglicum opus was, at the commencement of the
Xlth cent, in high esteem even in Italy (Murat. Script. Ital. iv. 360 :) and in the times
of Boniface VIII. about the year 1300, are mentioned "v. aurifriyia, quorum iij.
fiunt de opere Cyprensi nobilissimo, et unum eat de opere Anglicano, et unum est ad
smaltos." Lib. Anniv. Basilice Vatic, ap. Joan. Rubeus. Among the gifts of Thos.
Langley, Bp. Durham, who died 1437> were a vestment of crimson velvet, " casuld, ij.
tuniculis, et capd principali habente orfrays consimiles auri de Cyprys,'* and other
vestments of baudkyn, with " orfrays de baudekyn rubeo, context1 cum cervis et ambus
auri de t'ypryu," &c. Wills and Inv. Surtees Soc. i. 88. The orfrays seem to have
been frequently separate, so as to be used at pleasure with the vestment of colour
suitable to the day. Inventories and wills afford innumerable evidences of the extra-
ordinary richness of these decorations, and curious information as to the perfection to
which the arts were carried in England at a remote period.
1 The precise period when the use of the organ was introduced into Britain has not
been ascertained ; it is supposed to have been first used in France in 757. Compare
Ann. Fr. breves ; Ann. Francorum ; and Eginh. Ann. Pepini ; which concur in naming
that year as the date of the introduction. Eginhard also mentions the arrival in France
of a priest from Venice, who was able to construct organs, in 826 ; but the instrument
does not appear to have been generally used in Western Europe before the Xth cent.
At that period Elphegus, Bp. Winchester, constructed an organ, the melodious sounds
of which are highly commended in the verses of Wolstan. In the time of Edgar,
St. Dunstan, who died 988, caused " organa" to be constructed for the church of Glas-
tonbury, according to Joh. Glaston. ; and in that of Malmesbury, where he bestowed
" organa, ubi per ereas fistulas musicis mensuris elaboratas dudum conceptas follis
vomit anxius auras.1'' W. Malmesb. Life of Aldhelm, Bp. Shirburn, founder of Malmes-
bury Abbey. Numerous curious particulars are recorded respecting the use of organs
in England, as at St. Alban's, in Cott. MS. Nero, D. vn. ; and Croyland, where there
were " organa solennia in introitu ecclesie superius situata," as well as smaller organs
in the choir. Portable instruments, called frequently regals, were much in use, and
representations occur in many illuminations and sculptures. A very curious repre-
sentation of the organ exists in Eadwine's Psalter, Trin. Coll. Camb. R. 17, i. and has
been copied in Strutt's Horda, I. pi. 33. Organs were imported from Flanders, as ap-
pears by the Louth accounts, about the year 1500, Archseol. x. 91 ; the price of a pair
suitable to be set up in the rood-loft of that noble church being ,£13. 6s. 3d. It appears
that the usual term, a pair of organs, has reference to the double bellows whereby con-
tinuous sound was produced ; or, according to Douce, to their being formed with a
double row of pipes. See O'Connor's curious observations on the early use of organs
and psilmody in the Irish church, Hib. Script, iv. 153.
2 " Est canceling pro aldpalacii, parvum foramen parietis, intersticium inter pro-
pugnacula, muratorumparietes sive tectura, sicut que claudunt chorum. Dicitur et can-
cellus fenestra reticulata. Prov. vij. 6.'' CATH. Little can be added to Mr. Hamper's
curious memoir on Oriels, Archaeol. xxiii. in which he explains the varied uses of the term.
3 The ORYELLE is possibly the small variety of the aller or alder, given by Parkinson
370 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ORYNAL, or vrynal. Urinale.
ORYSONE. Oracio.
ORLAGE.1 Horilogium.
ORLAGERE, or he bat kepythe an
orlage (the orlage, p.)2 Ho-
ruspex, vel horispex, CATH.
as alnus folio incano, the hoary alder, p. 1409. Mr. Hartshorne states that the alder
is called, on the Herefordshire side, co. Salop, theorl. The alder is called in the North
eller, whence may be derived many names, as Ellerbeck, Allerthorpe, &c. " An ellyrtre,
alnus." CATH. ANG. " Alnetum, an allur grounde.'' ORTUS. " Aulne, an aller, or
alder-tree." COTG. Ang.-Sax. air, alnus.
1 Compare DYALE, or an horlege, p. 120; and PYNNE of an orlage, or other lyke
schowynge the owrys. Sciotirus. Hence it seems that ORLAGE, implying generally an
indicator of time, signifies here either a sun-dial or a clock. " An horlege, horoloyium.
An horlege lokar, horuspex." CATH. ANG. " Horologium, an orologe, a clocke. Ho-
roscopus, i. horarum inspector, an orologe maker, or a keper of a clocke." ORTUS.
" Oriloge, a clocke, horiloge.'" PALSG. In the sense of a dial the term occurs in the
Wicliffite version, iv. Kings, xx. 11 :" Isaye be profete clepide ynwardly be Lord, and
brow^te a^en bacward by x. degrees be schadewe bi lynes, bi whiche it hadde go doun
J>anne in j?e orologie of Achaz." Daines Barrington has given observations on the
earliest introduction of clocks, Archseol. v. 416, but could find no instance of an horo-
logium, which, being described as striking the hours, was undeniably a clock, and not
a dial, previously to the construction of the remarkable clock near Westminster Hall,
supplied out of a fine imposed on Rad. de Hengham, Chief justice of the King's Bench,
1288. But there can be little question that clocks were in use at an earlier period. It
may be doubted whether the " Orelogium insigne '' given by William the Sacrist to
Sherborn, in the Xllth cent., were of this nature (Sherborn Cartulary, in the possession
of Sir Thos. Phillipr>s) ; and the horologium, or alarum, the fall of which before the
hour of matins gave the alarm of the conflagration of the church of Bury, in 1198, as
described by Jocelin de Brakelonda, p. 78, appears by the context to have been a kind of
clepsydra. Numerous notices might be collected regarding the orloges of a later time,
such as that in Canterbury Cathedral, which cost £30, in 1292; and the celebrated
one given to the Church of St. Alban's in 1326, by Abbot Ric. de Wallingford, which,
as it is stated, Cott. MS. Nero, D. vn. f. 196, surpassed any other in England, or even
in Europe, according to Leland, Script. Brit. ii. 401. A remarkable clock still exists at
Exeter, generally regarded as the gift of Bp. Courtenay, who was consecrated 1478, but
it is highly probable that it is the same horologium which is named in Pat. 11 Edw. II.
1317. Frequent mention occurs of '• horoloyii Regis infra palatium Westm' ," as in
Pat. 1 Hen. V. in favour of the keeper, Hen. Berton, " valectus camere Regis ;" and
in the Acts of Privy Council, especially in 6 Hen. VI. 1428, vol. iii. 288, where ac-
counts of repairs done to the " orelege " may be found, which supply curious terms of
the craft. Amongst the valuable effects of Hen. V. enumerated 1423, was " j. orlage,
fait al manere iVun nief, I' argent preis1 par estimation, /#.*.'' Rot. Parl. iv. 216.
Fabyan relates, on the authority of Gaguin, that amongst the presents sent A.D. 807 to
Charlemagne by the King ot Persia " was an horologe of a clocke of laten of a wonder
artyf'ycyall makyng, that at euery oure of the daye and nyghte, when the sayd clocke
shuld stryke, images on horse backe apperyd out of sondry places, and aftir departid
agayn by meane of certayne vyces." Part VI. c. 156. To such a device Horman seems
to allude when he says, f. 231, v°, " Some for a tryfull pley the deuyll in the orlege ;
aliqui in nugis tragedias agunt.^ It seems, however, certain from the Chron. Turon.
Martene, Coll. Ampl. V. 960, and Eginh. Ann. Fr. that Charlemagne's "horologe"
was a clepsydia. Abp. Parker devised in 1575, to the Bp. of Ely, '"baculum meum de
cannd Indtcd, t/ui horologium halet in summit ate.'' See Professor Hamberger's curious
dissertation on clocks in Beckman's Hist, of Inventions.
* The orlagere seems to have been properly the keeper of a clock, but sometimes a
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 371
ORNAMENT. Ornamentum.
ORONGE, fruete.1 Pomum citri-
num, citrum, CATH. in medica
(pomum orientate, P.)
ORROWRE. Horror.
ORPUD (ornwode, s. sic pro orp-
wode ?)2 AudaXi bellipotens.
ORPYN, herbe.3 Crassula major,
et media dicitur howsleek, et
minima dicitur stoncrop.
ORTUS, releef of beestys mete.4
Ramentum, KYLW. ruscum,
CATH. et c. F.
OSAGE, or vsage. Usus.
OSYERE (osy3er, H. p.) Vimen,
COMM. vitulamen.
clock-maker was so called. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS.
18 A. XII. f. 68, directions are given for watch and ward, when an army is encamped,
especially for the out-watch by night, " be whiche must be departede in foure quarters
of be nyght, the whiche quarters most be departede by the orlageres (ad clepsydram
sunt divisce.)" The daily fee of the orlagere of the King's clock at Westminster,
1 Hen. V. was sixpence ; in 4 Hen. VI. the yearly reward to the clock-maker, besides
incidental expenses, was 13*. 4d. Acts of Privy Council, vol. iii. The rapid advance of
civilization and luxury during the reign of Edw. III. induced foreign artificers to settle
in England, as appears by the Pat. 42 Edw. III. which grants safe conduct for three
" orlagiers," natives of Delft, coming to exercise their craft in England. Ryrner, vi. 590.
1 Le Grand d'Aussy, Vie Prive'e des Francais, i. 246, could not trace the introduc-
tion of the orange to an earlier period than 1333. It is said to have been brought from
China by the Portuguese, but it is more probable that its introduction into Europe is
due to the Arab conquerors of Spain. A document preserved in the Tower, and cited
in the valuable Introduction to Household Expenses in England, presented to the
Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. records that in 1290 a large Spanish ship arrived
at Portsmouth, from the cargo of which Queen Eleanor purchased a frail of Seville figs,
dates, pomegranates, 15 citrons, and " vij. poma de Orenge." A full account of the
properties of this fruit may be found in the curious compilation written early in the
XVth cent. Arund. MS. 42, f. 33, v°. Oranges are mentioned as a present, Paston
Letters, ii. 30 ; and repeatedly in the Privy Purse Expenses of Hen. VIII. Pynson,
in the Boke to lerne French, gives " aples of orrenge, pommes d'orrairigne."
2 This word, signifying stout, courageous, is used by R. Glouc. Gower, and Lydgate.
" His folk ful of orpedschype
Quicliche leputh to hepe." K. Alis. v. 1413.
Trevisa likewise, in his version of the Polychron. speaks of " an orped man, and stall-
worth." The epithet is applied to hounds in the Master of Game, Cott. MS. Vesp.
B. xii. f. 63, b. Dowglas, the monk of Glastonbury, in his Chronicle, Had. MS.
4690, speaks of the conflict of Edw. III. with the Normans in 1347, " atte the brigge
of Cadon, manly and orpedly strengthed and defended," f. 82; and again, in his re-
lation of the hasty expedition of Edw. III. to Calais, 1350, says that " he towke wi]>
him J>e nobleis, and be gentelles, and ober worbi and orpedde menne of armes,'' f. 83, v°.
See also Caxton's Chron. f. 37 ; Hearne's Glossary to Rob. Glouc. ; and Jamieson,
v. Orpit. Compare Ang.-Sax. orpedlice, palam, SOMN.
3 " Acantus, Anglice, orpyne." Harl. MS. 1002. Gerarde gives Crassula major,
Spanish orpyne ; Crassula fabaria, common orpyne, liblong, or livelong. This herb
was called also in French orpin. " Orpyn, an herbe, orpin." PALSG. Skinner would
derive the name from Belg. oor pune, aurium dolor, in allusion to its narcotic properties.
4 " Ortys,forrago, ruscus, or fodder." CATH. ANG. The word orts, fragments of
victuals, which occurs in Shakespeare, is still vulgarly used in many counties : in the
South it is pronounced aughts. See the Salopian and Craven Glossaries, and Nares.
372
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
OSPYTALLE. Hospitale, zeno-
docJiium, vel cenodochium,
CATH. orphanotrophium.
OSPRYNGE, of kynrcd, idem quod
kynrede, supra in K. (ospringe
or kenrede, K. or kyndrode, s.
Progenies, prosapia, stirps.)
OOST of menne. Excercitus.
OOST, geste. Hospes.
OOST, sacrament. Hostia (sa~
cramentum, P.)
OOST AGE, or plegge (as a wedde,
infra.) Obses, c. F. vas, CATH.
pligius.
OSTEL, or inne of herborowe (in,
or herborwe, K. s. of harborowe,
p.) Hospicium, diversorium,
hospiciarium, COMM.
OSTELERE. Hospiciarius, hospi-
ciaria, hospes (hospita, P.)
OOSTESSE (osteles, s.) Hospita,
hospiciaria.
OSTRYCHE, byrd. Strucio, c. F.
OTE, or havur corne.1 Avena.
OTHE, of swerynge. Juramentum.
OOTHE, or woode.2 Amens, de-
mens,furiosus,furibundus.
OTUR, watyr beest. Lutricius.
OWE dette. Debeo.
OVENE. Furnus, fornax^ cfi-
banus.
OWHTE, or sumwhat (ovt, H.)
Quicquam, quid, adverbia.
OWYNE, as myne owyn' (owne, p.)
Proprius.
OVYR. Ultra, trans.
OVYRAL. Ubique, utrobique.
OVYR CASTE, or ovyr hyllyd.
Pretectus, contectus.
OVYRCUMME (or ovyr settyn,
infra.)3 Supero.
OVYR HYPPYN, or ouer skyppyn,
or passe a-wey, and levyn.4
Omitto.
1 " Avena, otys or havere." MED. MS. CANT. " Otys, ubi haver. Havyr, avena,
avenula." CATH. ANG. In the Memoriale of Henry, Prior of Canterbury, early in the
XlVth cent. Cott. MS. Galba, E. iv. " avere " occurs in the "redditus manerium
Prioratus,'' f. 165, v°. It is repeatedly mentioned in documents connected with the
North Country ; see Wills and Invent. Surtees Soc. i. pp. 244, 423. W. Turner, in
his Herbal, 1551, remarks that "Avena is named in Englyshe otes, or etes, or hauer,
in Duche hauer, or haber.'' Gerarde gives haver as the common name for oats in
Lancashire, and observes that it is " their chiefest bread corne for lannocks, Hauer-
cakes, Tharffe-cakes," &c. The Festuca Italica has, as he says, the common name
" Hauer-grasse." " Avenerun (averon, or avoin foils) wild oats, barren oats, haver, or
oat grass." COTG. In the North, oats are still called haver, according to Brockett and
the Craven Glossary, but the name seems to be no longer known in the Eastern counties.
Hence, however, appears to be derived Haver-croft Street, the name of a hamlet near
Attleborough, Norfolk. Dan. havre, Dutch, haver, Swed. hafre, oats.
2 Compare Germ. Wuth, ira; wiithig, furionus ; Welsh, gvvyth, anger.
3 OVYRCUNE, MS. ovyrcome, s.
4 Compare HYPPYNGE, p. 241 ; Low German, hippen, salire. Langtoft has pre-
served a " Couwe," or satirical ballad on Baliol, and the conquest of the Scots by
Edw. I. in which the verb " ouerhippeci " is used, ed. Hearne, p. 280; and again,
p. 296 :
" Oure kyng Sir Edward ouer litille he gaf,
Tille his barons was hard, ouerhipped bam ouerhaf."
R. Brunne, in the Prologue to bis Chronicle, as cited by Hearne, Langt. Chron. App.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
373
OVY(R) HYPPYNGE, or ovyr
skyppynge, or levynge (over
chyppynge, s.) Omissio.
OVYRLEDARE (or ovyr settar,
infra.)1 Oppressor.
OVYR LEDYN, or oppressyn. Op-
prim o.
OVYR LEDYNGE (or oppressynge,
supra.) Oppressio.
OVYR LETHYR of a schoo (ouer-
ledyr, H.) Impedia, Dice, et
KYLW.
OVYRLY. Superficiality.
OVYRLYTYL(L)E. Minus, vel
nimis modicum.
OVYRLEVARE after a no]>er.
Superstes.
OVYR MYKYLLE (oner moche, P.)
Nimis, vel nim(i)us.
OVYR MORE. Ultra, preterea,
ulterius.
OvYRPLAw.2 Ebullicio.
OVYR SETTAR, idem quod ouer
ledare, supra.
OVYR SETTYN, or ovyr comyn.3
Supero, vinco.
OVYR SETTYN, or dyscomfytyn.
Conjuto.
(OUERSETTINGE, p. Oppressio.)
OVYR SETTYNGE, or ovyr syt-
tynge of dede or tyrae. Omissio.
(OuER SKYPPYN, supra in ovyr
hyppyn. Omitto.)
OVYR THROWYN, and caste doon.
Obruo, prosterno.
OVYR (TYR)VYN (ovyr tyrvyn,
K. ouerturnyn, s. H. ouyrturuyn,
p.)4 Sulverto, everto.
to Preface, p xcviii. states that he had followed Wace's original more closely than
Peter Langtoft had done ;
" For mayster Wace pe Latyn alle rymes,
pat Pers ouerhippis many tymes."
The verb " overhuppe," to skip over, occurs in Vis. of Piers P. v. 8167, and 10395.
Gower uses " overhippeth " in a like sense ; it occurs also in writers of the XVIth Cent.
See Fryth's Works, p. 17 ; Udal, Hebr. c. 11. "I overhyppe (or ouerskyp) a thyng
in redyng, or suche lyke, ie trespasse. I overhyppe, le trespasse, and ie passe. Loke
you ouerhyppe (surpassez) nothyng, remember that the thynge that is well doone is
twyse done, and the thyng that is yuell done muste bebegon agayne." PALSG. Howell,
in the Grammar prefixed to Cotgrave's Diet. 1660, observes that " the reason why the
French o're hips so many consonants is, to make the speech more easie and fluent."
To hip, signifying to hop, is still used in the North. See Brockett and Jamieson.
1 This verb is used in Vis. of Piers P. v. 2001 ; and by Lydgate, Boccace, v. 104, as
quoted by Mr. Halliwell in his Glossary, Coventry Mysteries, in which it occurs also in
the like sense of over-reaching, or over-bearing, p. 262. To lead, as it has been ob-
served p. 293, was used in the sense of carrying, as by Rob. Glouc. p. 416, " lede and
brynge," where he speaks of loaded wains passing frozen streams during the severe
winter, A.D. 1092. To over-lead appears to be taken in the same manner as to carry
and to bear are used, denoting behaviour or demeanour. Palsgrave gives the verb " I
overley, as a tyrane, or myghty man ouerlayeth his subiectes, declared in I oppressed'
3 See PLAWYN ovyr, hereafter.
3 SYETTYN, MS. ouersettyn, K. ovyr settyn, s. "I oversette, I overcome, declared
in I ouercome, I vaynquysshe or get the vper hande of one." PALSG.
•» A blank space has been here left by the scribe, the first syllable of the word
TYRVYN being apparently defective in the MS. from which the transcript was made.
TERWYN occurs hereafter in the sense of to weary, fat iyo ; but it seems very question-
374
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
OVYRTHWERT (ouerqwertly, K.
ovyr wharte, s. ouerthwart, p.)1
Transversus.
OVYRTHWER(T)LY (ouerqwertly,
K.) Transverse.
OVYR QWELMYD, or ouer hyllyde.2
Obvolutus.
OVYR QWELMYN, or qwelme
(ouerwhelrnyn, p.)3 Suppino.
OVYRSLAY of a doore.4 Super-
liminare.
OWLE, or howle, byrde. Bulo>
CATH.
OwLYST.5 Desidiosus, segnis (te-
diosus, s.)
OWLYST MAN, or womann (ow-
list, or vnl(u)sty, K.) Deses.
OWLYSTHEDE. Desidici, segnicies.
OwMAWTYN,orswownyn'(sownyn,
s.)6 Sincopiso, c. F.
O(W)MAWTYNGE (or swow-
nynge, p.) Sincopis.
able, notwithstanding that the King's Coll. MS. agrees with the Harl. MS. in the
reading, TYRVYN, whether the scribes may not inadvertently have taken n. for u. and
the true reading should be OVYR TYRNYN. Compare TURNON vpse doune, subverto.
1 Chaucer uses over-thwart in the sense of across, and of over against. SeeTowneley
Myst. p. 85, " over twhart, and endlang." " Ouertwharte, au trovers de, de trailers,
as, Et soudayn il luy myt Pespee au trailers du corps. 11$ sont corrige^ de long et de
trailers. Ouerthwartly, paruersement ." PALSG. Forby gives overwhart, across, as to
? lough overwhart, or at right angles to the former furrows. Higins, in his version of
unius, renders " Transtra, the transams, or ouerthwart beames." A. -Sax. >weorh,
Dan. tvsert, perversus.
3 Skinner supposes whelm to be derived from Ang.-Sax. ahwylfan, obruere. Compare
also hwealfian, camerare. Chaucer uses the verb to over-whelve, as in Boec. ii. where
he speaks of the North wind which " moueth boiling tempeste, and ouerwhelueth the
see ; verso concitat tpquore." Fabyan, ann. 1429, describes a barge, which, running
against the piers of a bridge, was "whelmyd;" but here, as in other passages, it is
difficult to define whether the precise meaning of the word be to overturn, or to cover
over. " I whelme an holowe thyng ouer an other thyng, le mets dessus. Whelme a
platter vpon it to saue it from fives." PALSG. " No bodie lighteth a candle, and hideth
it in a priuie derke corner, or couereth it by whelming a bushell ouer it.'' Udal, Luke
xi. 33. " To whelve, vide cover." GOULDM. Compare ON-QUELMYN, p. 366.
* Compare TURNOX, or qwelman. Suppino. R. Brunne, in his version of Langtoft,
p. 190, relating how King Richard smote a Soudan such a blow on the helm that he
fell backwards, and was unhorsed, says (l be body he did ouerwhelm, his hede touched
J>e croupe." "I wyll nat curse the, but an olde house ouerwhelme the, le puisse
renuerser, or ragrauanter.'' PALSG.
4 The following passage occurs in Gaut. de Bibeles worth, Arund. MS. 220 :
" Al entre del hus est la lyme (the therswald, al. threshwald,)
Et outre la teste la suslyme (the ouerslay.)"
In SirThos. Phillipps'sMS. " ouerslauth;" in Femina, MS. Trin. Coll. Camb. B. 14,
40, " le suislyne — )>e ouerchek." " Superliminare, ouerslay.'' Vocab. Harl. MS. 17
C. xvii. " Superliminare, ouer lytys." MED. Herman says, " I hytte my heed
ageynst the soyle, or transumpt (hiperthyron, Superliminare.)1'
5 Compare ONLYSTY. Deses.
6 See Jamieson's observations on Muth, exhausted with fatigue, Mawten, and Mait.
These words may be derived from Fr. mater. " I mate, or ouercome, He hath vtterly
mated me, amatte^ PALSG. Compare Teut. matt, fessus ; A.-S. me'Srt;, defatiyatus.
PROMPTORIUXf PARVULORUM.
875
OWMBRER of bacenet (owmbrere
of basnet, K. H. vmbrere, or
basnette,s. owmbrer' or a basnet,
p.)1 Umbraculum.
OWMPERE, supra in nowmpere.2
(Arbiter, sequester^)
(OW(N)ERE of a schyp, or schyp-
lord, infra? Navarchus, CATH.
navargus, c. F.)
O WRE of the day, or nyghte. Hora.
OWRE OWENE. Noster.
OWTAS, crye.4 Tumultus, c. F.
OWTE CASTE, or refuse. Refuta-
men, refutamentum (abjectus, s.)
OWTE CASTE, or refuse, or cora-
lyce of corne (coralys, s. careyle
of corne, p.)5 Cribalum, c. F.
OWT, or owte (sic, s.) Extra,
foras.
OWTE, OWT. At, at, interjectio.
OWT, or qwenchyd, as candylle, or
lyghte. Extinctus.
OWTE GATE. Exitus.
OWTYNGE, or a-woydaunce. Eva-
cuacio, deliberacio.
OWTE LAW. Exlex, c. F. utle-
gatus (exul, relegatus, s.)
OWTLAWYN. UtlegOy exterminoj
UG. v. in T. secundum scrip-
turas cartarum.
OWTLAWRY. Utlegacio, exter-
minium, UG. v. in T. (exilium,
UG. v. in T. relegacio, s.)
OWTERAGE, orexcesse. Excessus.
OWTRAGYN, or doon excesse.
Excedo.
OWTE TAKYN (owtakyn, K.)6
Excipio.
1 " An ovmbere, umbra." CATH. ANG. In the relation given by Stowe of the combat
in Smithfield before Henry VI. 1442, between John de Astley (whom he calls Ansley or
Antsley) and a knight of Arragon, it is related that the latter with his axe "stroke
many strokes hard and sore vpon his basenet, and on his hand, and made him loose and
let fall his axe to the ground, and brast vp his vmbar three times, and caught his
dagger, and would haue smitten him in the face.'' Annales, p. 383, ed. 1631. In the
Survay of London, B. iii. this word is misprinted " brake up his umber.'' From this
passage it seems to be evident that the OWMBRER was a defence that covered the face,
but it is not clear in what respect it differed from the visor, with which in previous
times the basinet had been furnished, when used without the tilting helm. " Umbrell
of an heed pece, uisiere." PALSG.
2 See Tyrwhitt's Glossary, v. Nompere ; Chaucer, Test, of Love, i. 319. It occurs also
in Vis. of Piers P. v. 3149, signifying an arbitrator. " An ovmper, impar." CATH. ANG.
3 In the other MSS., as likewise in the printed editions, this word is written owner.
It must be observed, however, that the verb to owe, A.- Sax. a^an, possidere, now
written own, occurs very frequently. Bp. Hall speaks of the Deity as " the great
ower of heaven." Sermon at Exeter, Aug. 1637.
4 R. Brunne, in his version of Langtoft's Chron. p. 339, relates how Sir John de
Waleis, being taken prisoner, was hung at London :
" Si>en lete him doun eft, and his hede of snyten,
And born to London brigge fulle hie with outheys."
" Yet saw I woodnesse laughing in his rage,
Armed complaint, outhecs, and fiers outrage." Cant. Tales, v. 2014
"God graunte— ye an outas and clamour be made upon the Lord Scales." Paston
Letters, vol. iii. 136, circa 1450. See Ducange, and Spelman, v. Hutesium, Huesium.
6 See CORALLE, or drasse of corne (draffe ?) p. 92.
6 See Langtoft's Chron. Hearne, p. 332. In the Wicliffite version, Exod. xxii. 20 is
CAMD. SOC. 3 C
376
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
OXE, beest. Bos.
OXEFORTHE. Oxonia.
OJJYR, or olhyr.1 Alms, alter.
OJ>YR TYME. Alias.
PACE, of goynge. Passus.
PACE FORTHE. Preterio, pro-
gredior.
(PASSAGE ouer a water, s. Vadum,
CATH.)
PACYENCE, or sufFeraunce. Pa-
ciencia, sufferencia, tollerancia.
PACYENCE, herbe. Paciencia.
PACYENT of sufferynge. Paciens,
suffer ens, toller ans, animequius,
CATH.
PACYN (in godnesse, K. H. P.)
Excello, precello.
PACYN yn goodnesse, or badnesse.
Excedo, superemineo.
PACYN OVYR. Transgredior ,
trans(c)endo.
PACYN OUER be see, or watyr.2
Transfreto, transmeo.
PACYN, yn walkynge, or goynge be
the wey {supra in pace forthe,
p.) Preterio, CATH.
PADDOK, toode.3 Bufo.
thus rendered : " He >at offrib to goddis, outakun to >e Lord aloone, be slayn (prce-
terquam Domino," Vulg.) Chaucer uses " out take " in like manner, Rom. of Rose ;
and " out taken," excepted, Cant. T. v. 4697 ; as likewise does Sir John Maundevile,
Voiage, p. 301. In the account of a scandalous assault which occurred in the reign of
Hen. VI. Rot. Parl. V. 111. it is said, " He vilanously toke of all the attire of her hed,
also her clothis of her body, otake her smokke." " I out take, I except. I wyll ron
as swyft as any man in this towne, I out take none, for a bonette, le n'excepte nul.
Out takyng, exception. I outcept, ie excepte," &c. PALSG.
1 OTHYR, or othyr, MS. O)nr> K. O)>er, or othyr, s. Other, p. The alpha-
betical position shows that th. has here been substituted by the second hand for the
character J>. as likewise in the succeeding word, which in the MS. is written OTHYR
TYME. \>. always occurs in the penultimate place, as in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet.
2 In Pynson's edition the following distinction is here made : Pace ouer the see.
Transfreto. Pace ouer water. Transmeo. " I passe, I go ouer, or passe for by, ie
passe. Wylte thou beare me in hande I sawe hym nat to daye, he passed forby euyn
nowe, il passa par icy. I passe my boundes, I ouer esteme myselfe, ie me surcuyde,
and ie me mescongnoys." PALSG.
3 The strange diet of the natives of Taracounte, in India, is thus described :
" Evetis, and snakes, and paddokes brode,
That heom though te mete gode." Kyng Alis. v. 6126.
" Pade,'' a toad, Awntyrs of Arthure, ix. 10, is in one MS. written " tade." See also
Syr Gaw. and Sir Gal. i. 9. In the later Wicliffite version the frogs that came up on
the land of Egypt, Exod. viii. 6, are called " paddockis." See Cov. Myst. p. 164,
and Glossary ; Towneley Myst. p. 325. " Paddocke, crapavlt. My bely crowleth
(croulle) I wene there be some padockes in it (yrenouilles.) " PALSG. " Bufo,
crapaut, a Tode, a paddocke." Junius, Nomencl. by Higins. " Grenouille, a frog, a
paddocke." COTG. "A paddock, rana payana.'' GOULDM. See Nares. Argent, a
fess between three frogs vert, is borne by the name of Paddock. This word has not
been noticed by Forby ; Moor gives Paddock arid Pudduck, signifying a toad, in Suffolk,
and Ray gives it as a word used in Essex. Brockett states that in the North it denotes
a frog, aud is never applied to a toad. See Jamieson, v. Pade, a toad. Hence is de-
rived the old name for a toad-stool, still in use in the North, according to Brockett.
" A padokstole, boletus, fungus, tuber, trusca, asperagus." CATH. ANG. Gerarde
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
377
PAGE. Pageta,pedissequus, pedes,
Dice.
PAGE of a stabylle. Equarius,
stabularius.
PAGENT.1 Pagina (sic, s. p.)
PATCHE, or clowt sett on a thynge
(pahche, K. pacch, s. patche
clowte, sett to a thinge, p.)
Scrutum* pictacium, c. F.
PAY, or payment. Solucio.
PAYARE. /Solutor, solutrix.
PAY A RE of hyrys, or mony vnder
a lorde. Mercedarius, CATH.
PAYYD, of dette. Solutus, per-
solutus.
PAYYD, and qvemyd, or plesyd,
Placatus.
PAYYN. Solvo, persolvo.
PAYLE, or mylke stoppe. Mul-
trale, multrum, vel multra,
CATH.
(PAYMENT, idem quod pay, K.)
calls Fungi " paddock stooles." In the Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 144, v°,
boletus is rendered " a padokchese," as likewise in a list of herbs, MS. Ant. Soc. 101.
"Fungus, a stede stole." MED. Ang.-Sax. pada, bufo; Teut. padden-stoele, boletus.
1 Skinner suggests that pageant may be derived from the Greek 7rdya>, Trrjy^a, or
" Belg. Waeghen, currus, q. d. currus pompaticus." Tooke considers it to be the
pres. part, pseceand, of the Ang.-Sax. verb psecan, decipere, to illude by simulated re-
presentations. The primary signification of the word appears to have been a stage or
scaffold, which was called pagina, it may be supposed, from its construction, being a
machine compaginata^ framed and compacted together. The curious extracts from the
Coventry records given by Mr. Sharp, in his Dissertation on the Pageants or Mysteries
performed there, afford definite information on this subject. The term is variously
written, and occasionally " pagyn, pagen," approaching closely to the Latin pagina.
The various plays or pageants composing the Chester mysteries, each of which is ap-
propriated to one of the trades, are entitled, " Pag 'ina prima, de celi, angelorum, 8fc.
creacion(e). The tanners' play. Incipit Pagina secunda, qualiter Deus creavit mundum,
8{C. The drapers' playe ;" and so forth. See Chester Plays, Wright's edition from
Add. MS. 10,305. A curious contemporary account has been preserved of the con-
struction of the pageants at Chester during the XVIth cent. " which pagiants weare a
high scafold with 2 rowmes, a higher and a lower, upon 4 wheeles." Sharp, Cov.
Myst. p. 17, The term denoting the stage whereon the play was exhibited subse-
quently denoted also the play itself; but the primary sense, clearly defined by the
Coventry documents, is observed by several writers, as by Higins, in his version of
Junius's Nomenclator, 1585. "Pegma, lignea machina in altum educta, tabulatis
etiam in sublime crescentibus compaginata, de loco in locum portatilis, out qua vehi
potest, ut in pompis fieri solet : Eschaffaut, a pageant, or scaffold." "Pegma est
machina super quam statue ponuntur." ORTUS. " A paiande, lusorium." CATH. ANG.
" Pagiant in a playe, mystere."" PALSG. " Fercules, the thing whereon images or
Pageants are carried ; also beers for dead men. Pegmate, a stage or frame, whereon
Pageants be set or carried." COTG. Herman says, " There were v. coursis in thefeest,
and as many paiantis in the pley. I wyll haue made v. stag} (sic) or bouthis in this playe
(scenas.} I wolde haue a place in the middyl of the pley (orchestra], that I myght se
euery paiaunt. Of all the crafty and subtyle paiantis and pecis of warke made by
mannys wyt, to go or moue by them selfe, the clocke is one of the beste." In this
passage the term seems to be taken as denoting stage machinery. Of the gorgeous
pageants set up by the citizens of London on occasions such as the reception of the
Emperor Charles V. 1522, detailed descriptions have been preserved by Hall, the
Chronicler. See on this subject Collier's Hist, of Dram. Poetry, ii. 151, and the
Appendix to Davies's Municipal Records of York, 8vo. 1843.
378
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PAYNMAYNE.1 PciniS VlgOTlS.
PAYNYN (paynim, K. p.) Pa-
ganus, pagana, gentilis.
PAYNYN, or hethyn. Ethnicus.
PAKKE. Sarcma,fardellus.
PAKKYN. Sarcino,fardello (in-
dorso, s.)
PALE, of coloure. Pallidus.
PALE, or palys of a parke. Palus
(vallus, P.)
PALLE, or pelle, or other clothe
leyd on a dede body (on a dede
mane, or woman, s.) Capu-
lare, UG. in capio.
PALE, for vynys. Paxillus, COMM.
PALEYS, loordys dwellynge. Pa-
lacium.
PALENESSE, of colowre. Pallor.
PALET, or roof of the mowthe.
Palatum.
PALET, armowre for the heed.2
Pelliris, CATH. galerus, CATH.
1 Various conjectures have been made on the origin of this term, derived by Skinner
from pants matutinus, by Tyrwhitt from Maine, the province where it might have been
made, perhaps, in great perfection, and by Sibbald from pain d'amand, almond bread.
Mr. Pinkerton explains it as signifying the chief bread, the bread of main, or strength.
It is called '• breid of mane," Dunbar, Maitl. Poems, p. 71 ; and " mayne bread " in
Sir John Neville's accounts of the expenses of his daughter's wedding, 1526 ; Forme
of Cury, p. 180, where the item also occurs " 6 doz. Manchetts, 6*." It would hence
appear that Jamieson's conjecture that bread of mane and manchet-bread are synonymous
is questionable. Kilian gives Teut. " Maene, t. wegghe, libum lunatum. Wegghe,
panis triticeus, libum oblong um." Compare WYGGE, brede, hereafter. The derivation
is obscure, but the term clearly denotes bread of a superior quality ; thus Chaucer uses
the simile " white as paindemaine," Sire Thopas, Cant. T. v. 13,655 ; Gower also
speaks of " paindemaine " as a delicacy fit for the rich alone. Conf. Am. vi. In the
Anturs of Arther at the Tarnewathelan, it is said that
" Thre soppus of demayn
Wos brojte to Sir Gauan,
For to comford his brayne." St. 37, ed. Robson.
The Harl. MS. 279, f. 10, supplies instructions for the preparation of snch consolatory
sops. " Lyode Soppes. Take mylke an boyle it, and panne tak 3olkys of eyroun,
ytryid fro pe whyte, an draw hem porwe a straynoure, and caste hem in to pe mylke,
an sette it on pe fyre, an hete it, but let it nowt boyle, and stere it wyl tyl it be som
whatpikke; pen ne cast per to salt and sugre, an kytte fay re paynemayunys in round
soppy s, an caste pe soppys per on, and serue it forth for a potage." In the Forme of
Cury repeated mention occurs of " flour of payndemayn," probably the fine white
flour of which it was made; see pp. 27, 30. The delicacy called " cryspes " was
composed thereof, p. 73 ; and " payndemayn" itself is mentioned, pp. 34, 65. The
Issue Roll of Exch. 27 Hen. VI. 1449, records the payment of ^10 to John Eton,
baker of " paynman " for the King's table, in consideration of good services, and the
great charge incurred by him in providing bread for the Sovereign. It appears also
that in 1455, in the Household of Hen. VI. there were, in the Office of the Bake-
house, one " Yoman Pay(n)men-baker," and a groom. Household Ordin. published
by Ant. Soc. p. *19. " Payne mayne, p ay n de bouche." PALSG. " Payn de bouche,
as Pain mollet. A very light, very crusty and savory white bread, full of eies, leaven,
and salt.'' COTG.
3 A PALET was a kind of head-piece, usually formed of leather or cuir-bouilli, whence
the name seems to have been derived. " Pelliris, galea ex coreo et pelle.'' CATH.
•« Pelliris, a helme of lethyr. Galerus, a coyfe of lethere." MED. In Vocab. Roy. MS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 379
PALFREY. Palafridus, mannus,
CATH. c. F. gradarius, OATH.
PALY of brynne (payly, or brynne,
s.)1 Cantabrum.
PALYCE, or pale of closynge.
Palus.
PALLYD, as drynke (palled, as
ale, K.) Emortuus, c. F.
PALYET, lytyllebed. Lectica,c.-F.
PALLYN, as ale and drynke (ale
or other licoure, p.)2 Emo-
rior.
17 C. XVII. f. 56, v°, is given " Cassis, palette." Charpentier likewise cites a Glos-
sary, MS. Reg. Paris, which gives " pelluris, heaumede cuir oudepel.1' Palet appears
to have been a term adopted from the French: " palet : sorle d'armure de tete."
ROQUEF. It is not evident whether there was any distinctive difference between the
palet and the kettle-hat. Compare KETYLLE HAT, Pelliris, ffalerus, p. 273. Minot,
alluding to the battle of Cressy, in a poem written about 1352, tells the Frenchman,
" Inglis men sail 3*t to-jere
Knok thi palet or thou pas." Poems, p. 31.
Possibly the word may here, as Ritson and Jamieson explain it, imply the scull ; it is
so used by Skelton, who makes Elinour Rumming threaten her garrulous customers
with broken " palettes," v. 348. In the Inventory of armour and effects of Sir Edw.
de Appelby, 48 Edw. III. 1374, are these entries : " Item, j. basenet, cum aduentayle,
prec1 ij. marc1. Item, ij. ketelhattes, et ij. paletes, jwrec' vj.*. viij. d." Sloane charter,
xxxi. 2. Charpentier cites a document, dated 1382, which describes a knight as " arme
d*un haubergeon d'acier, un palet encamallie sur sa teste." In the curious Inventory,
in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, of the effects of Sir Simon Burley, beheaded
1388, occur, under the head " Armour pur la guerre, j. paller (sic) de asser : j. palet
de quierboylle, couerd de stakes blanc et vert.11 The Stat. 20 Ric. II. 1396, enacts that
no person shall ride armed, by night or day, " ne porte palet, ne chapelle de ferre,
n'aulre armure,11 rendered in the English version " sallet, nor skull of iron." Stat. of
Realm, ii. 93. In the Kalend. of Exch. iii. 309, the following remarkable example of
the pulet is mentioned, 22 Ric. II. 1398. " Une corone d}or d'Ebpaigne, SfC. j. palet
d'or d'Espaigne, qe poise, en nobles, cccc.xx.li. gam'' ove gross1 baleys, perles, 8fc.
ij. Jowes pur mesme le palet, garnis1 ove saphirs, fyc. j. gross* saphire, baleys et perles
en le couwer du d'ce' palet ; xococvj. perles en iij. batons, et ij. claspes pur mesme le
palet.11 The entire value was estimated at j£?1708. It does not appear whether these
costly items were royal gifts from Spain, or merely of Spanish workmanship. In the
curious extract from the MS. version of Clariodes cited by Sir Walter Scott, notes to
Sir Tristrem, fytte 1, it is said that amongst the various fashions of head-pieces some
will have " a pryckynge palet of plate the cover.'' The list of military stores at Hadlegh
Castle, in the grant by Hen. IV. in 1405, to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, comprises
" doublettes, jakkes, basynettes, vysers, palettes, aventailles,*' &c. " A palet coverd
wyth rede velvet " is mentioned in the bequest of armour by Sir Wm. Langford, 1411.
Sarum Registers. In 1450 the proclamation of Hen. VI. forbade all men to bear armour
or arms, as llpalettos, loricas,1' &c. Rymer, xi. 262.
1 Compare BREN, or bryn, or paley, p. 49 ; and SYVEDYS, or brynne, or palyys.
This word is to be traced to Lat. palea. " Paille, chaffe, the huske wherein corn lieth."
COTG.
2 " Palde, as ale, defructus." CATH. ANG. Lydgate says, in the Order of Fools,
" Who forsakith wyne, and drynkithe ale pallid,
Suche foltisshe foolis, God lete hem never the !"
Harl. MS. 2251, f. 303.
" I palle, as drinke or bloode dothe, by longe standyng in a thynge, ie appallys. This
380 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PALM A RE, or pylgryme. Pere-
grinus, et peregrina.
PALME. Palma.
(PALME of wulle, or loke, supra.
Palma.}
PALSYE. Paralisis, paraclisis.
PALTOK.1 Baltheus.
PANKAKE. Laganum, c. F.
PANE, or parte of a thynge (party,
p.)2 Pagina (pars, P.)
drinke wyll pall (*' 'appallyra) if it stande vncouered all nyght. I palle, I fade of freshe-
nesse in colour or beautye, ieflaitris." PALSG. In the Customs of London, Arnold's
Chron. p. 85, are given articles desired by the commons of the city, such as that the
Mayor and council should enact that all barrels of ale and beer be filled quite full,
" after thei be leyde on the gyest; for by reason that the vessels haue not been full
afore tyme, the occupiers haue had gret losse, and also the ale and byere haue palled,
and were nought, by cause such ale and biere hathe taken wynde in spurgyng." In
the version of Beza's Sum of the Christian Faith, by R. Fyll, Lond. 1572, f. 134, it is
observed of the usage of the Church of Rome, "It is meruaile that they doe not
reserue — the wine as well as the breade, for the one is as precious as the other. It
were out of order to saye they feare the wine will eger, or waxe palled, for they hold
that it is no more wine."
1 It is worthy of remark that Baltheus, which usually denotes a belr, or arming-
girdle, seems to be taken in the Promptorium in the sense of a close-fitting or closely
girt garment, such as was used first under armour of mail, or of plate, to bear off the
weight, and preserve the skin from being chafed, and subsequently in the place of
armour. Compare COTE ARMURE, p. 95 ; DOBBELET, p. 124 ; and IAKKE of defence,
p. 256 ; all of these being rendered Baltheus. Sir Roger de Norwico bequeaths, in
1370, " unum paltoke de veluete cum armis meis ; unum par de platis, coopertum cum
rubeo veluet,'1 &c. Harl. MS. 10 ; Transcripts from Norwich Registers. Mention occurs
of the " paltok," in Vision of Piers P. v. 12,122 ; 14,362 ; in both passages as a gar-
ment of defence. Camden, in his Remains, in the chapter on apparel, cites a history
called Eulogium, which seems to have been written about A.D. 1400, and mentions,
amongst extravagant fashions used by the commons, " a weed of siik which they call a
Paltocke : their hose are of two colours, or pied with more, which, with lachets which
they call Herlots, they tie to their Paltocks without any breeches." Here the term
apparently does not designate a military garment. The Ordinance of Peter, Duke of
Brittany, to call the nobles and archers to arms in 1450, directs that " les nobles tenant
au dessous de Ix. li. de rente aient brigandines — ou a tout le mains bons palelocques,
armez de nouvelle fapon, sans manches, a laisches defer, ou mailles sur le bras."
Monstrelet states that the town of Neelle surrendered to theComtede Charrolois, A.D.
1464, on condition that the men-at-arms should be at liberty to depart with their
harness, " et les archiers s'en iroient en leurs pourpoints, ou paletoz, chacun une ver-
gette en sa main." Chron. iii.c. 112. The term seems here to denote a military defence
of an inferior description. According to Roquefort the paletot was a kind ot'pourpoint,
or a sort of military cloak, so called from palla, or as Borel suggests, from peltum.
" Acupicta, i. vestis acu texta, a paltoke, or a doublette." MED. " Bombicina, paltoke.''
Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 44, v°. " Paltocke of lether, pellice. Paltocke, a garment,
halcret. Paltocke, a patche, palleteau. " PALSG. " Palletoc, palthoc, a long and
thick Pelt, or cassock ; a garment like a short cloak, with sleeves ; or such a one as
most of our modern Pages are attired in." COTG. Spanish, " Paletoque, a jerkin with
short skirts." MINSHEU. Skelton uses this term to denote a patch, as given by Pals-
grave, or some kind of head-gear, in a Poem against Master Garnesche, addressing him
thus : " Ye cappyd Cayface copious, your paltoke on your pate." Ed. Dyce, i. p. 118.
2 Forby observes that in Norfolk a regular division of some sorts of husbandry work,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
381
PANE, of a furrure.1 Penula,
Dice, et COMM. (panula, P.)
PANNE, vessel. Patella.
PANNE of an heed. Craneum.
PANELE. Pagella^ panellus, Dice.
PANYERE(or pedde, infra; pany-
5er, or paner, H. p.) Calaihus.
PANYER, or basket, supra in B.
PANTEERE, beest. Pantera.
PANTERE, snare for byrdys.2 La-
COMM. (setarium, s.)
PANTYN. Anelo.
PANTYNGE. Anelacio, vel ane-
latus (anelitus, P.)
PANTLERE.3 PcmitariUS.
as digging or sowing, is called a pane ; and that curtains formed of narrow stripes of
different colours are termed paned. In the Indenture for building the church of Fo-
theringhay, 1435, it is directed that the steeple should be square in the lower part, and,
after being carried as high as the body of the church, " hit shall be chaungid, and
turnyd in viij. panes." Dugd. Mon. Ang. iii. Hall, speaking of the richly-decorated
lodging of Hen. VIII. at Guisnes, 1520, says that from " the iawe pece of the selyng,
whiche pece was guylte with fine golde, werewoorkes in paan paled." He also describes
maskers in garments of " blewesatten paunedwith sipres ;'' (11 Hen. VIII.) and says
that the royal " henxemenne wear coates of purple velvet pieled, and paned with riche
cloth of siluer ;" 14 Hen. VIII. Ang.-Sax. pan, lacinia. Bp. Kennett, in his Glos-
sarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, gives another meaning of the term pan, as de-
noting in stone houses the piece of wood that is laid on the top of the wall, and to
which the spars are fastened, called in the South " the rasen, or resen, or resening :
Ang.-S. rsesn, laquear.'' " A panne" of a house, panna." CATH. ANG. " Pane of a wall,
pan de mur. Panell of a wall, pan de mur." PALSG. " Panne de bois is particularly the
piece of timber that sustains a gutter between the roofs of two fronts, or houses." COTG.
1 "Pane of furre, panne.''1 PALSG. "Panne, a skinne, fell, or hide." COTG.
"Pane,pene: Peau,fourrure,etoffe,cuir; de pannus.'' ROQ.UEF. Joinville, speaking
of the modest attire used by St. Louis, says, " Ses pennes de ses couvertouers et de ses
roles estoient de gamites (d'oe) ou dejambes de lievres, ou d'aigneaulx." Neccham, in
his treatise de nominibus utemilium, Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. f. 8, v°, uses the term
"penula (pane}" in a passage which has been given in the note on GRYCE, p. 211.
2 This term, derived from Fr. pantiere, a kind of snare which was used for catching
•woodcocks and other birds, is used by Chaucer, Rom. of R. 1621 ; Legende of good
Women, 131. In a poem on the evil times of Edw. II. printed by Mr. Wright from a
MS. in the Advocates' Libr. the complaint is made that " pride hath in his paunter
kauht the heie and the lowe." Polit. Songs, p. 344. See also the note, p. 400 ; and Piers
of Fulham, Hartshorne's Metr. Tales, p. 122. " A pantelle strynge, pedica" CATH.
ANG. " Pedica, instrumentum capiendi pedes animalium, vel laqueus, a fettour, or a
snare, or a pantel. Setorium, a pantell.1' ORTUS. " Panther to catche byrdes with,
panneau.'' PALSG. " Panneau, a large net, or toile." COTG.
3 R. Brunne, in his version of Langtoft's Chron. p. 33, relates the death of King
Edmund, A.D. 947, by the hand of an outlaw " pantelere," who had formerly served
in the royal " panterie." The word is more frequently written panter, Fr. pannetier,
Lat. panetarius, as by Rob. Glouc. p. 187, who says that Arthur gave " >at lond of
Aungeo Kaxe ys panter." See the account of the " Office of the Panetry," and of
the duties of the Serjeant thereof, "whiche is called Chief Pantrer of the Kinge's mouthe."
Liber Niger domus Edw. IV. Household Ordin. p. 70. " A pantelere, vbi a butlere."
CATH. ANG. " Panitor, panista, a panter." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "Panter, an
offycer, pannetier. Pantrye, an house of office, panneterie." PALSG. " Panetier, a
pantler." COTG. " A pantler, panis custos, promus." GOULDM. The term is still pre-
served in the surname Pantler.
382
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PA(N)TRYE. Panitorium, vel
panitria.
PAPPE. Mamilla, uber.
PAPER. Papirus, CATH.
PAPMETE for chylder. Papatum,
UG. v. in P. papa, CA.TH.ap-
plauda, CATH.
PARABLE. Parabola, enigma
(peradigma, P.)
PARADYCE. Paradisus.
PARAF of a booke (or paragraf,
H. paragraffe, p.) Paraphus,
paragraphus, CATH.
PARAF YD. Paragraphatus.
PARAFFYN. Paragrapho, KYLW.
PARAMOWRE.' Preamatus.
PARBOYLYD. Parbullitus.
PARBOYLYN mete. Semibullio,
CATH. parbullio.
PARBOYLYNGE. Parbullicio.
(PARBRAKYNGE, or spwynge, or
brakynge, supra.2 Vomitus,
evomitus.)
PARCARE. Indagator, KYLW.
lucarius.
PARCEYVYD. Perceptus.
PARCEYVYN. Percipio,perpendo,
c. F.
PARCEYUYN, or take heede. Ani-
madverto, adverto.
PARCEYVYNGE. Percepcin.
PAARCHE pecyn, orbenys. Frigo,
CATH. ustillo, UG. v. in T.
PARCHEMYNE. Pergamenum,
CATH. membranum,membrana,
c. F.
PARCHEMYNERE. Membranarius.
PARCHYD, as pesys, or benys
(pesone, K. pesyn, p.) Fresus,
CATH.
PARCYAL, or he that more holdyth
wythe on part, than wythe a
nober, for favowre, or couetyse.
Parcialis.
PARCLoos.3 (Pargulum, vel per-
locutorium, s.)
1 " A paramour, filorcium, etc. ubi a lemman." CATH. ANG. "Paramour, a man,
acoincte. Paramour, a woman, dame per amour.'1 PALSG.
2 This word is used by Skelton, in his Poem on the flight of the Duke of Albany, v.
322. ed. Dyce. " I cast my gorge, as a haulke doth, or a man y' parbraketh, ie desyorffe,
andievomis. Pa.rbrekyng,uomissement. Ip&rbr&ke,ievomis,a.ndiegomys. Itisashraude
token, that he parbrakyth thus.'' PALSG. " He wyll nat cease fro surfettynge, tyll he be
redy to parbrake." HORM. Andrew Boorde says in his Breviary of Health, c. 373, " Vo-
mitus : in English it is named vometinge, or a vomit, or perbrakinge." See Parbreak,
and Braking, Jamieson. This word is retained in the Devon dialect, signifying to strain
in vomiting. See BRAKYNGE, p. 47. Compare Teut. braecken, Dan. brsekke sig, vomere.
3 This term appears here to be taken as denoting the open screen, which serves in a
convent to permit occasional intercourse with the external world, in the parlour, or lo-
cutorium, which also, in those monasteries where silence was enjoined at other times,
was reserved as a place for occasional discourse. Pargulum appears to be the dimi-
nutive ofparyus, a corruption of parcus, explained by Ducange as signifying "septum
quo oves includuntur." These screens or gratings were also termed locutoriafenestra.
" Parclos to parte two roumes, separation." PALSG. " CinclidoR are bayes or par-
closis made aboute the places of judgement, where men not beinge sutars may stande,
beholde, and here what is done and spoken amonge the juges and pledours. Such a
lyke thing is at Westmynster Hall about the common place, and is called the bekens.
Vacerra, percloses or rayles, made of tymber, within the whiche some thynge is en-
closed." ELIOT. This term is frequently used in connection with ecclesiastical architec-
ture ; as in the contract for carpenter's work in the Beauchamp Chapel, Warwick,
PROMPTOR1UM PAKVULORUM. 383
PARDON'. Indulgencia.
PARDONERE.1 QuestOT.
PARE frute. Peripsimo.
PARFYTE (parfyjt, K. parfyth, H,
parfight, P.) Perfectus.
PARFYTNESSE. Perfeccio.
PARFORMYD (supra in parfight
K. p.) Perfectus, completus.
PARFORMYN, or fulfyllyn.2 Per-
Jicio.
PAARFORMYN (or fulfyllyn, K. p.)
yn dede. Exequor.
PARFORMYNGE. Complecio,per-
fectio.
PA(R)GET, or playster forwallys.3
Gipsum, c. F. litura.
A.D. 1450, as regards " a parclose of tymber " to be constructed about an organ-loft,
to stand over the west door. Dugdale, Hist. Warw. Walter, Lord Montjoy, gives di-
rections in his will, A.D. 1474, for the embellishment of a chapel in Derbyshire " with
a quire and perclose, and two altars without ye quire." Testam. Vet. i. 335. Blomfield
describes the " perclose, or chapel included with cancelli or lattices," constructed
A.D. 1500, in the Church of St. Martin at the Plain, Norwich. Hist. Norf.
1 The pardoner was an ecclesiastic authorised by the head of the Roman Church to
travel throughout Catholic Europe for the purpose of vending pardons or indulgences,
with the intention of raising a sum for some special purpose. Chaucer, in his lively
portraiture of the Pardoner, Cant. T. v. 710, shows the expedients and pretences to
which such itinerants had recourse, in turning to profitable account the superstition or
ignorance of the people, a practice to which a check was given by several councils.
They were termed questores, or questionarii, in French questeurs. Frequent allusion
is made in the Vision of Piers Ploughman to the abuse of the authority of the Church,
which rendered the credulous a prey to crafty itinerants. By Stat. 22 Hen. VIII. c. 12,
all proctors and pardoners travelling the country without sufficient authority were to
be treated as vagabonds. " Pardonere, pardonnier." PALSG.
2 To perform, as frequently used by the old writers, has the sense of to work, to
bring to completion. Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, says, " Donaas the doblet
maker hath performed my doublet, and my iaquet." Amongst the disbursements for
building Little Saxham Hall, 1507, given by Mr. Rokewode, in the Hist, of Thingoe
Hundred, Suffolk, p. 145, is a payment to " Oliver mason for performing a dore."
Parforner or pnrfournir signifies, according to Roquefort, achever, compttter. " I
pertorme (Lydgat) ie achieue, declared in I parforme." PALSG.
3 This term is thus used in the later Wicliffite version, Eccl. xxii. 21 : " As ournyng
(e]?er pargeting) ful of grauel in a cleer wal, so and a ferdful herte in \>e \>ou^tof a fool :
ccementa sine impensd posita contra faciem venti non permanebunt," Vulg. In the
Accounts of Sir John Howard, A.D. 1467, is the following entry : " Item, the vj. day
of Aprylle my mastyr made a comenaunt wyth Saunsam the tylere, that he schalle
pergete, and whighte, and bemefelle all the new byldynge ; and he schal have fore his
labore xiij.*. iv.d.'' Househ. Exp. presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield,
Esq. p. 395. Amongst the charges for building Little Saxham Hall, A.D. 1506, are
payments " for lathing, pargetting, tiryng, and white casting all the roves, walles,
particyons, £c. for pargetments, and zelyng with mortre and here." Rokewode's
Thingoe Hund. pp. 146, 148. Horman says, in the chapter de re jEdificatorid, "Some
men wyll haue theyr wallys plastred, some pergetted, and whytlymed ; some roughe
caste, some pricked, some wrought with playster of Paris. Quidam parietes amant
loricatos, et tectorio vestitos ; quidam gypsum inducunt ; quidam albaria grummulis
aspergunt ; quidam punctur is din tingunt ; quidam malt hdeosconvestiunt." "I parget or
whyte lyme, ie vnie, and ie blanchis. I wyll perget my walles, for it is a better syght.
Pariette for walles, blanchissevre.'' PALSG. " Trulissare, to parget." ELYOT. " Srnalto,
plaister, orpergitte. Smaltato, pergitted." W. Thomas, Ital. Grammar, 1548. "To
CAMD. SOC. 3 D
384
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PARGETYN wallys. Gipso, linio.
PARGETTYNGE (or spargettynge
of wallis, infra.} Gipsacio,
(gipsurO) infra; gipsatura, P.)
PARYD, as breede. Decrustatus,
COMM.
PARYNGE, or parow(re) of frute,
and othyr lyke. Peripsima,
CATH. et UG. in peri, et c. F.
PARYNGE of frute, or ober lyke.
Peripsimacio .
PAARK. Indago, c. F. et KYLW.
parca.
(PARK ERE, K. H. p. Indagator.)
PARLEMENT. Parliamentum (lo-
cutorium, CATH. p.)
PARLEMENT HOWSE. Conciona-
buluvn, c. F.
PARLOWRE. Locutorium, cum
c. non q. secundum CATH.
PARROK, or cowle.1 Saginarium,
KYLW. cavea, c. F. pargulus,
NECC. et Dice.
PARROK, or caban. Preteriolum,
CATH. capana, CATH.
PARROKKYN, or speryn in streyte
place (speryn in strey(t)ly, K.
closyn in streythly, s. streightly,
p.) Intrude, obtrudo.
PAROS, or parysche (pares, or
parych, s.) Parochia.
(PAROUR of frute, idem quod
paringe, supra, H. parowre, p.)
PAROWRE of a vestyment.2 Para-
tura, v el parura.
PAART. Pars.
parget or plaister, crusto, gypso, trulliso, gypsum inducere, gypso illino, dealbo. To
new-parget, or white-lyme, interpolo." GOULDM. Compare SPARGETTYN, or pargette
wallys, hereafter.
1 PARROK of cowle, MS. or cowle, K. s. Compare COOWLE to closyn mennysfowlys,
saginarium; p. 97. In the North a chicken coop is termed a hen-caul ; and the sy-
nonymous term PARROK seems to denote a similar enclosure. Ang.-Sax. pearroc,
septum ferarium, clausura. In N. Britain, according to Jamieson, a very small en-
closure or apartment is called a parrock, and to parrach signifies to crowd together, like
many sheep in a small fold. " Parrocke, a lytell parke, parquet." PALSG. A fenced
enclosure of nine acres at Hawsted, in which deer were kept in pens for the course, was
termed the Parrock. Cullum's Hawsted, p. 210. In Norfolk, according to Forby, an
enclosed place for domestic animals, as calves, is called a par, and the farm-yard, con-
taining pars for the various animals which inhabit it, is called a par-yard.
2 Parura signifies, according to Ducange, opus Phrygium, embroidery of silver or
gold, or an ORFREY ; see p. 368, supra. Amongst the gifts to Peterborough by Abbot
Akarius, who died A.D. 1210, occurs " alia brusdata — cujus paratura violeticum
hubet colorem, et amita et stola cum manipulo ejusdem coloris brusdata.'1 Rob.
Swapham, Sparke, p. 104. Descriptions of a similar kind occur without number in
ancient inventories of sacred vestments. The ornaments of the alb, properly desig-
nated by the term PAROWRE, were square or oblong pieces of rich embroidered stuff
attached to the vestment at each wrist, and at the feet, or lower part of the alb, one
before and another behind, being, with the PAROWRE of the amice, five in number, and
symbolical, as it is supposed, of the wounds on the hands and feet, and the crown of
thorns, of the Saviour. Papebrochius, Acta SS. Propyl. Maii, giving the explanation
of this usage, speaks of it as quite obsolete. The large PAROWRE, at the bottom of the
alb in front, is exhibited in a profusiou of instances on sepulchral brasses and effigies ;
that which decorated the amice, according to its ancient fashion, appears like a standing
collar above the chasuble, with which it is sometimes erroneously supposed to have been
connected. It must be observed that these ornaments were most commonly, if not
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
385
PA ART, or deele. Porcio.
PART ABLE. Partibilis, divisi-
bilis (partiabilis, s.)
PARTENERE. Particeps.
PARTY, supra in part.
PARTY CLOTHE, or clothe made
of dyuers colowrys. Pannucia,
CATH.
PART YD a-sundyr. Divisus, se-
paratus.
PART YD, or dyvydyd, and delte
a-bowte (deuyded or dalt aboute,
p.) Partitus, distributus.
PARTYN a-sundyr, or clevyn
(clyuyn, P.) Divido.
PARTYN a-sundyr that were to-
gedyr yn one place. Segrego,
disgrego, separo.
PARTYN, cantyn, or delyn. Par-
tior, impercior.
PARTYNGE, or delynge. Particio,
distribucio.
PARTYNGE a-sundyr (partinge fro
sunder, H. p.) Separacio, se-
gregacio, divisio.
PARVYCE.1 Parlatorium, UG. in
hortor.
PASTE of dowe. Pasta.
PASTY (or pye, infra.) Pastilla,
vel pascilla, artocrea, CATH.
pastillus, c. F. (pastella, P.)
PASTLERE.2 Cer(e)agius, CATH.
pastillarius, Dice.
PASTURE of beestys. Pascua,
pastura, c. F. pastorale, BRIT.
PASTURYN beestys, or fedyn.
Pasco, CATH.
PASTURYN, or ete the pasture, as
beestys. Depasco, pasco.
PATENE, or pateyne of a chalys
(patent of the chalys, K. paten,
or payten, s.) Patena, c. F.
PATEYNE, fote vp berynge (pa-
teyne of tymbyre, K. or yron, to
walke with, p.)3 Calopodium,
fer rip odium.
properly, of the same suit, de eddem sectd, as the stole and maniple. Their variety
was remarkable : in the Lives of the Abbots of St. Albans we find " paruras auro et
aurifriffio, et acu plumario decoratas.'1 Occasionally they were set with gems : " Pa~
ruram positam cum perreid, et armis Anglic" Rymer, X. 346. Remarkable specimens
of the PAROWRE of the amice supposed to have been worn by St. Thomas of Canter-
bury, and preserved in the Treasury at Sens, are represented in Shaw's Dresses and
Decorations. Wyntown speaks of " albys wyth parurys." See Jamieson. The term
was applied to similar ornamental work on other vestments, as " chirothece parate,"
&c. The term apparel is occasionally used in the same sense, as in the Inventory of
Winch. Cath. 1535, where certain vestments are named, with the " parel of the albes
of the same work, of my L. Cardinal Beauford's gift." Strype's Mem. of Cranmer.
1 The parvise, a term of Greek origin, which occurs in Chaucer's Rom. of R. v.
7158, is explained as being the portico of a church, called Paradisus, or paravisus,
possibly on account of the trees which environed the entrances of the Greek churches.
See Ducange, Tyrwhitt's Glossary to Chaucer, and Towneley Myst. p 200. " Place
nere a churche to walke in, paruis." PALSG. " Parvis, the porch of a Church ;
also (or more properly) the utter court of a Palace, or great house." COTG. " Hortor,
suadere, tyc. unde hortator, hortamen, et hortatorium, i. palmatorium (sic) monachorum,
locus ubi hortaminafiunt." Uguitionis Vocab. Arund. MS. 127, f. 34, v°.
2 " A pasteler, pastillarius." CATH. ANG. " Pastier that baketh,/?a^foier." PALSG.
Dulciarius, a pastlar." ELYOT. " Pastisier, a pasterer, or pie maker." COTG.
3 " A patane, calopodium, lignipes, lignipedum." CATH. ANG. " Calopodium, a
stylte or a paten. Calopifex, a maker of patens or styltes." ORTUS. " Paten for a fote,
galoche. Paten maker, patinier." PALSG. Compare GALACHE, p. 184, and G ALLOCHE,
386
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PATENT (of, K. P.) be kyngys
seele. Patens.
PA THE, wey of men. Semita,
CATH. orbita.
PAT HE, wey of beestys. Callis,
CATH.
PATRYARK. Patriarcha.
PATRONAGE. Patronatus.
PATRONE of a benyfece (patron
or patrun, p.) Pair onus.
PATRONE, forme to werk by
(patrone, or exawmplere, K. ex-
saumpyl, H. patron or example,
p.) Exemplar.
PATRONESSE. Patronissa (pa-
trona, p.)
PAWEof abeest. Palmula, palma.
PAVYNGE STONE, or pathynge
stone.1 Petalum, CATH.
PAVYCE, or defence (for defence,
s.)2
PAWME of an hande. Palma.
p. 185. Pattens were used anciently by ecclesiastics, probably to protect the feet from
the chill occasioned by the bare pavement of a church, an unbecoming practice which
was condemned severely. In Mutton's Excerpta from the Registers of the Diocese of
York, Harl. MS. 6,971, it is stated in an archiepiscopal visitation, A.D. 1390, " Item,
omnes ministri ecclesie pro majore parte utuntur in ecclesid et in processione patens et
clogges, contra honestatem ecclesie, et antiquam consuetudinem capituliS' Ducange
also cites an ordinance of the Chapter of Auxerre, " non portentur calopodia in choro,
sub pcend distributionum unius diei ;" and in the accounts of the Churchwardens of
St. Mary-Hill, London, A.D. 1491, the item occurs, "for ij. pair of pattens for the
priests." Pattens, at the period when the Promptorium was compiled, formed an
ordinary part of the costume of a gentleman. In the Histoire du petit Saintre, written
about 1459, his well-supplied wardrobe, as page of the court, comprised " souliers et
patins, qui soient bienfaicts," of each three pair. So also in 1464, the steward of Sir
John Howard made these entries of expenses in London : " Payd fore a payre of
patynys, iij.rf. For a payre patynys for my master, iij.rf." Household Exp. in Eng. In
the same year the craft of " patyn " makers of London petitioned the crown that the
Stat. 4 Hen. V. which forbade them to use the wood of the aspen-tree, as being that
which was chiefly used by the fletchers, might be repealed, representing that it was the
best " and lightest tymbre to make of patyns or clogges." Rot. Parl. iv. 567. A
drawing which represents King John, Cott. MS. Julius, E. iv., affords a curious re-
presentation of the pattens of this period. See Shaw's Dresses. Horman, speaking of
various dances, alludes to those which were performed on pattens, and rendered by him
gyracula. " Let us daunce patende, or with styltis."
1 " Petalum, i. forma marmorea instar tessere guadrata, unde pavimenta templorum
vel domorum et palaciorum quondam sternebantur." CATH. In Norfolk a square paving
brick is called a pamment. " Rudus, a pament stoone.'' MED. " Pament of a strete,
pauiment, pauee. Paument of a strete, paue. Pauyng stone, quarreau." PALSG.
2 This term denotes a kind of large shield of plain wood, or covered with skins, such
as the parma described by Brito in the. Philippidos, x. 216, called pavesia, and in French
pavois. Th. Walsingham speaks of armed pavisarii in the service of Edw. III. and in
the rates of wages of the household of that king, A.D. 1344, are mentioned "pauews,
pauecos," and " peuecers,'' but in the Househ. Ordin. published by the Antiqu. Soc.
these words have erroneously been printed with an n. The pavise was almost essential
to the balistarius, affording him a protection whilst winding up the cross-bow, as men-
tioned in the Chron. B. du Guesclin, v. 3106, and represented in the Life of Richard
Beauchamp, Cott. MS. Jul. E. iv. Strutt's Horda, ii. pi. 43. Frequently the pavi-
sarius was merely the attendant who carried that defence. In Talbot's ordinances for
the army, A.D. 1419, it is directed that every " ij. yomen make them a good pavise of
bordes, or of pap', in the beste maner they cane best devise, that on may hold it, whiles
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 387
PAWNCHERE (pawunchere, p.)2
Lumbar 'e, renale.
PAWSE, of stynty(n)ge, or a-byd-
y(n)ge. Pausacio, pausa.
PAWSE, yn redynge of bokys.
JPeriodus, CATH. et c. F.
PAWMENT. Pavimentum.
PAW MERE.1 Ferula.
PAWNCHECLOWT, or trype (or
wamclowte, infra ; pawnclout,
s.) Scrutum, CATH. tripa,
CATH. magmentum, CATH. et
c. F.
that other dothe shete." Excerpta Hist. 42. In Trevisa's version of Vegecius, Roy.
MS. 18 A. XII. are enumerated the machines and great shot with which a legion was
provided, such as " spryngoltes, tripgettes, bowes of brake, arblastes bende, &c. the
strengthe and myghte of his shot may nothing with-stonde, neyther hors man with
plates and haberions, ne foot man with paves and shelde." B. ii. c. 24. Again they are
mentioned as wall-shields, of which kind a curious specimen formed of iron is preserved
in the porter's lodge at Warwick castle. " It nedethe J>at ther be good plentie of targes,
pauysses, and sheldes in be citie, to keuer and to hill or stop the gappes of the enbatil-
mentes of >e walles fro shot." B. iv. c. 6. They are also mentioned as useful in sea-
fights. In the passage of arms between Lord Scales and the Bastard of Burgundy,
A.D. 1467, it is said, " We shalle doo armes on foote — and shalle mowe here a targe
or a pavis, aftir the wille and pleasire of everich of us." Lansd. MS. 285 ; in the
French, Harl. MS. 4632, " pavoisine." In Sir John Talbot's great hall at Caistor,
A.D. 1459, was " j. rede pavys. Item, j. target." Archseol. xxi. 272. The pavyce
was retained in use after the adoption of fire-arms. Thus Hall, in his account of the
battle at Flodden, 1513, describes the furious fire kept up by the artillery on both sides :
" And after the shotte was done, which they (the Scotch ?) defended with pauishes, they
came to handestrokes." " Tragea, a pauys." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 152. " A pavysse,
castrum." CATH. ANG. "Pauesto defende one with, pauais." PALSG. " Testudine
(Ital.) a great shield, target, or paluoise. Pauese, pauesce, a kinde of target called a
palueise." FLORID.
1 " Wande, flagellum. Palmere, palmatorium, ferula, percussorium." Roy. MS.
17 C. XVII. In the Eqnivoca of Job. de Garlandia, with the interpretations of
Master Geoffry, probably the compiler of the Promptorium, it is said that " ferula est
instrumentum quo discipuli percutiuntur in manibus, quod et alio nomine palmatorium
appellatur. Anglice a palmer." " Apalmarein )>e scole, ferula, hortatorium, palma-
torium." CATH. ANG. " Ferula, a rod or stycke wherwith childern's handes be striken
in scholes, a palmer." ELYOT.
2 Compare BRYGYRDYLE, lumbare, renale; p. 51. " Lumbare, abrekgyrdyl. Renale,
a breche gyrdyl." MED. " Epifemora, panchere." Harl. MS. 1002. " A pawncherde,
renale, etc. ubi a brekebelt." CATH. ANG. Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers,
" On the perche hongen your clothes, mantelles, &c. upon the keuerchief chertes,
breches, with the panutcher (sic} whan ye be vnclothed ; brayes a tout le braieul quand
vous estes devestues." In the Invent, of the effects of Hen. V. A.D. 1423, occurs the
item, "j. pauncher enbroudes d'or, ovec iij. bokull, iij. pendantz garniz d' argent
dorrez : pris de Vargant, ovec le gower garniz des garnades, et j. bokull, et j. pendant
d1 argent dorrez, xx.s." Rot. Parl. iv. 221.
3 " Marsupium, a pawtenere, a powche. Cassidile est pera aucupis, vel mercipium,
vel sacculus, a pautenier or a pouche." MED. Cassidile dicitur pera, sarciperium,
sicatium, marsupium, moculus, loculus, crumena, &c. a paneter, a pouche, a breyded
gyrdel. Cremena, a pautener (al. pantenet) or syluer. Lenonem lena non diligit absque
cretnena." ORTUS. The term " pautenere " occurs in Syr Degore, written early in
XlVth cent. In 1379 Thos. de Farnylawe, Chancellor of York, bequeaths his "paw-
388 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PAX, of kyssynge (or kyssynge,
s.) Osculum, vel osculumpacis.
PAX BREDE.1 Oscillator ium.
PAXWAX, synewe.2 (paxwex, p.)
PECE, cuppe.3 Pecia, crater,
DICC. cratera, CATH. patera,
CATH. et Dice, albinus, c. F.
PECE, or part (party, p.) Perti-
cula, pars, porciun(cu)la.
PECHE, or peske, frute.4 Pesca,
pomum Percicum.
(PECIIYNGE, or appechynge, s.)
Appellacio, c. F.
PECYN, or set pecys to a thynge,
tener de serico." Test. Ebor. i. 103. Caxton mentions, in the Book for Travellers,
" pawteners, tasses, aloyeres, tosses." Aloiere was, according to Roquefort, the large
flat purse, commonly worn in the XVth cent, appended to the girdle, Lat. alloverium.
It appears very frequently on the Norfolk sepulchral brasses, which represent secular or
mercantile persons. " Pautner, malette" PALSG.
1 Of the usage in the service of the mass of kissing a small tablet of wood or metal,
ornamented with some sacred figure or device, see Dr. Milner's observations, Archaeol.
xx. 534. The tabula pro pace, called in French portepaix, was formed of every pos-
sible and costly material, or in earlier and more simple times of wood, whence it
was called " pax borde," as in the will of Sir Thos. Littleton, 1481, or PAX BREDE.
Compare BREDE, or litille borde, p. 48. By the synod of Exeter, 1287, it was ordained
that in every parish church there should be " asser ad pacem." Wilkins, ii. 139. The
name was used, however, without any regard to the propriety of its application. In
the will of Henry le Scrop, 1415, is mentioned " una Paxbrede argentea et deaurata."
Rymer, ix. 273. In an Inventory of St. Dunstan's, Canterbury, 1500, occurs " a pax
borde off latin, a crucyfyx for a pax borde off coper and gyltt." Amongst the gifts of
Abp. Chichele to All Souls, Oxford, Invent, taken about 1460, are " vj. paxys devitro."
In the Inventory of St. Paul's, 1298, given by Dugdale, and that of St. George's,
Windsor, 1384, splendid paocilla are described. ll Paxillum, Anglice paxbrede." ORTUS.
The use of the pax was one of those symbolic ceremonies which were not immediately
abolished in the Reformed Church ; it was enforced by the Ecclesiastical Commission
of Edw. VI., and even rendered more conspicuous than before, as a token of joyful
peace between God and man's conscience. See the Injunction for the Deanery of
Doncaster, cited from Burnet by Dr. Milner.
2 This term, which is given by Sir T. Browne, is retained in Norfolk and Suffolk, ac-
cording to Forby and Moor. Ray gives pack-wax as common in all counties ; it sig-
nifies the strong tendon in the neck of animals. " Fix fax, nomen cartilaginis qua
caput humeris utrinque alligatur, Yorkshire ; pax wax, Norf." Bp. Kennett, Lansd.
MS. 1033. Compare Brockett, Craven Dial, and Jamieson, who would derive the
word from Germ. Flachs, a sinew. Gautier de Bibelesworth says, of a man's body,
" Et si ad le wenne (fex wex) au col derere."
" Le vendon, the fax wax." Harl. MS. 219, f. 150. In the curious treatise on vege-
table remedies, Arund. MS. 42, f. 44, v°, it is said of " Bdellius, Delle— it resoluyth
blod bat is congelyd, i. cold slawyn, and cloddyd, and clumperyd, and helpeb for brus-
sures of \>e paxwax and of be brawn, and for congelacyon of be senewys." Again, f. 47»
the virtues of capers are commended " for desese in J?e pascwax, and in be senewys ;"
and of Galbanum, f. 90, v°, " it is gode for alyzere, i. be crompe, and for be spasme,
be shote in be lacertys, i. in be paswaxis."
3 " A pece of siluer or of metalle, crater, cratera." CATH. ANG. " Crater, vas vi-
narium, a pyece or wyne cuppe." ORTUS. " Pece to drinke in, tasse. Pece, a cuppe,
tasse, hanap."
4 In a roll of purchases for the palace at Westminster, preserved amongst the mis-
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
389
or clowtyn. Repecio,reb(r)occo,
sarcio, CATH. reficio.
PEKOKKE, byrde. Pavo, pavus,
CATH.
PECTORAL of a vestyment, or
other a-rayment.1 Pectorale,
racionale.
PEDDARE.2 Calatharius (quifacit
calathos, K.) qua&illarius, quas-
sillarius, c. F. (piscarius, P.)
cellaneous Records of the Queen's Remembrancer, a payment occurs " Will, le Gar-
dener, pro iij. fcoygnere, ij.pichere, iij.s. — pro groseillere, iij.d.proj.peschere, vj.d.''
A.D. 1275, 4 Edw. I. Phillips, however, states as his opinion that the peach-tree
was brought from Italy with the apricot, by Wolf, gardener to Hen. VIII. in 1524.
Pomarium Brit. 283.
1 The pectoral, as a sacred ornament used by the prelates of the Christian church,
appears to have derived its origin from the jewelled breast-plate of the Jewish high-
priest, the \oyclov ra>v Kpivew, or rationale judicii, according to the Vulgate, Exod.
xxviii. 15, rendered in the earlier Wicliffite version " thebreest broche of dom," in the
later " the racional of doom." It was worn attached to the breast of the chasuble, and
although never, as it appears, in general use, yet many examples present themselves in
England. As regards the obscure subject of the early use of the rationale, much infor-
mation may be gained from the authors cited by Ducange. It is minutely described in
an ancient inventory of pontifical ornaments at Rheims, given by Marlot in the Hist, of
that see, and appears to have closely resembled the Jewish breast-plate, being formed of
12 stones, whereon the names of the 12 sons of Israel were inscribed, fixed upon cloth
of gold, and attached by means of chains over the shoulders, whereupon also there were
two stones called " camayeux,'' in imitation of those which were worn by the high-
priest. A second rationale for less solemn occasions is described in the same document,
which resembled less closely the Jewish ornament : it was formed of one stone of un-
usual brilliancy and size, called " camayeu," around which were set 4 emeralds, and as
many balais rubies. A representation of this remarkable ornament may be seen in the
plate given by Du Bouchet, in the Hist, of the House of Courtenay, p. 174, which
represents the sepulchral effigy of Robert de Courtenay, Archbishop of Rheims, who
died 1323. The most remarkable representation which exists in England is afforded by
the effigy placed under Prince Arthur's chantry in Worcester cathedral, and attributed
to Bp. Godfrey Giffard, 1268 — 1301. The rationale here appears as a square plate
upon the breast of the chasuble, with a quatrefoil in the centre, and set with eight
gems. This ornament appears in England chiefly during the XHIth cent. See the
seals of Joceline, Bp. Bath, and John, Bp. Winch. 1205 ; of Eustace, Bp. Lond. 1222,
Walter, Bp. Carlisle, 1223, Ralph, Bp. Heref. 1239, Sylvester, Bp. Carlisle, 1246,
Henry, Bp. Lincoln, 1300; and the effigy of Bp. Laurence, at Rochester, who died
1274. In the Invent, of St. Paul's, 1295, given by Dugdale, several chasubles are
described as furnished with the pectorale, formed of gold, or cloth of gold, set with
gems. Its use was not entirely abandoned at a later period : it appears upon the seal
of Richard, Bp. Lincoln, 1420, and in the Invent, taken at Winchester cathedral at the
Dissolution, occur a pectoral of gold ; another partly of gold, and six of silver gilt, all
garnished with stones. Strype's Mem. of Cranmer, App. p. 25. The term pectoral
occasionally designates an ornament of the cope, as in the Invent, taken at St. Paul's,
and given by Dugdale, in which mention occurs of a " capa, cum Petro et Paulo in
pectorali: Capa — cum rotundis pectoralibus aurifrigiis," &c.
2 In the Eastern Counties, according to Forby and Moor, a pannier, such as serves
to carry provisions to market, is termed a ped, the market in Norwich, where wares
brought in from the country are exposed for sale, being known as the ped-market, and
a dealer who transports his wares in such manner is termed a pedder. Hence is de-
390
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PEDDE, idem quod panere, supra
(calathus, P.)
PEDEGRU, or petygru, lyne of kyn-
rede, and awncetrye (pedegrw,
avnsetry, K. pedegru, or pedygru,
s. pedegrewe, or petygrwe, lyne
or leny of kynred, p.) Stemma,
CATH. c. F. et UG. in scalis.
PEDLARE, shapmann (chepman,
s.) Particus, UG. in parcior.
PEGGE, or pynne of tymbyr.
Cavilla.
PE-HENNE. Pavona.
PEYCE, or wyghte (peise of whyght,
K.)1 Pondus.
PEYS of a welle. Telo, in K.
kyptre (ciconia, supra.)
PEYNE. Pena.
PEYNFULLE. Penalis.
PEYNYD. Cruciatus.
PEYNYN, or gretely grevyfi.
Crucio, torqueo, CATH.
PEYNYN, or pynyn yn wo or
sekenesse. Langueo, elangueo.
PEYNYNGE. Cruciatus.
PEYNYS, yvyl yn horsys fete.
PEYNTYD, or poyntyd, or por-
trayd. Pictus, depictus.
PEYNTYN, or portrayyn (or poyn-
ton, infra.) Pingo, depingo.
PEYNTYNGE, or portrature (or
poyntynge, infra.) Pictura.
PEYNTOWRE (or poyntowre, in-
fra.) Pictor.
PEYSYN, or weyyii. Pondero,
libroy trutino, c. F. et CATH.
PEYTREL, of horsys barneys (peyn-
trel, K.) Antela, c. F.
rived the name by which the ancient Roman line of road is known which leads from the
great camp at Holme, on the N.W. Norfolk coast, towards Ixworth, in Suffolk, and
seems to have fallen into the line leading from Thetford to Stow-market. The greater
part of this road across the champaign parts of Norfolk is still called the Peddar Way,
doubtless because, like the Welshman's Road in Warwickshire and the parts adjacent,
the straight direction of its course caused it to be frequented by itinerant traders. The
Peddar Way may be traced upon the Ordnance Survey through nearly its whole extent.
It is also given in Woodward's Map of Roman Norfolk, Archseol. xxiii. 358. There is
also a vicinal road leading from Ightham, Kent, to Farnham, Surrey, which is called the
Pedlar's Way. The Norfolk term pack-way seems to be synonymous. Sir John Paston,
writing A.D. 1473, says, " I most have myn instruments hyddur, whyche are in the
chyst in my chambre at Norwyche, whyche I praye you and Berney togedre joyntly,
but nat seuerally, to trusse in a pedde, and sende them hyddur in hast." Paston Letters,
V. 58. Tusser, in his list of husbandly furniture, given under September's husbandry,
enumerates " a pannell and wanty, pack-saddle, and ped." Ray speaks of dorsers as
the kind of peds or panniers used by the fish-jobbers of Lyme to bring their fish to
London. The original Glossary to Spenser, Sheph. Cal. Nov. V. 16, gives this expla-
nation : " A haske is a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish." It is owing to
this use of peds that, in Pynson's edit, of the Promptorium, peddare is rendered pis-
carius. East Winch, in Norfolk, is called in old documents Pedder's Winch. " A
pedder, revolus, negotiator." CATH. ANG. See Jamieson, v. Peddir.
1 R. Brunne uses the word " peis " in the sense of weight ; Langt. Chron. See also
Vision of Piers PI. v. 2957 ; Cov. Myst. p. 236. " Peyce, a weyght, peys, pesant."
PALSG. " When the yse melted and brake, the payse therof brake many a stronge
brydge." Fabyan, Chron. 6 Will. Rufus. The adjective " paisand,'' heavy, occurs in
Golagros and Gawane, 463 ; and Chaucer uses the verb to peise, to weigh. The PEYS
of a well appears to designate the counter-poised beam, termed also KYPTRE, supra,
p. 276, whereby in Southern Europe, as also in other countries, water is raised.
PROMPTOIUUM PARVULORUM.
391
PEYR, or a peyr, of tweyne
thyngys (pey3yr, H. peyyre, s.
peysyr of two thinges, p.) Par.
PEKKE, raesure. Batus.
PELE, of bellys ryngynge (or
a-pele of belle ryngynge, supra.")
Classicum, CATH.
(PELE, of owen, K. peel for be
ovyn, s. pele for ouyn, p.)
Palmula, pellica (pala, P.)
PE L E T Y R, herbe. Serpillum, pire-
t(r)um, c. F. (piretrum, P.)
PELFYR (pelfrey, s.) Spolium.
(PELLE, or other clothe leyd on a
dede body, supra in palle. Ca-
pulare, UG. in capio.)
PELLYCANN, byrd. Pellicanus.
PELYN, or apelyn. Appello, CATH.
PELOT, rownde stone of erthe, or
other mater (pelet, H, p.)1 Pi-
leus, vel piliolus, rudus, c. F.
PELOURE, theef. Appellator.
PELLURE, or furrure.2 Pellura.
PENAWNCE. Penitencia.
PENAWNTE (penaunscer, H. pe-
nawynt, s. penauncer', p.) Pe-
nitenciatus, ta, turn.
PENCEL, for portrayynge. Peni-
culus, c. F. pincella, KYLW.
pinca, c. F. (penicillus, K. s.)
PENCYF, or hevy in herte (pen-
cyue, s.) Pensati(v)uS) cogi-
tati(v)us.
PENCYFNESSE. Pensum, CATH.
PENCYONE, dette to be payed.
Pensio.
PENDAWNT, of agyrdylle.3 Mor-
daculum, Dice, et KYLW.
1 — rownde stone, or erthe, MS. of berth, s. of erthe, p. The term pellet, Fr. pelotte,
designated the stone balls, or missiles which were projected by the mangonels, and war-
like engines of early times, and by artillery, bullets of stone being disused only in the
XVIth cent. Missiles formed of indurated clay have also been found, the use of which is
perhaps indicated in the Promptorium. In Golagros and Gawane, v. 463, are mentioned
" pellokis paisand," with " gapand gunnis of brase;'' and Chaucer uses the simile
" swifte as a pellet out of a gonne." House of Fame, iii. Herman says, "The mes-
senger was slayne with a pellet, glande," and Hall speaks of shooting " great pellettes,
whiche made a greate noyse." Chron. 24 Hen. VIII. "A pelet of stone, or lede,
glans." CATH. ANG. " Pellet, a rounde stone, plomme." PALSG. See Mr. Archi-
bald's observations on stone shot found in the island of Walney, Archaeol. xxviii., and
Mr. Porrett's notice of shot found in the Tower moat, Archseol. xxx. Compare
CALYON, rounde stone, rudus, p. 58.
2 The Stat. 11 Edw. III. c. 2, ordains that no one under the rank of a knight, and
churchmen, who may spend ^100 in the year, " ne use peleure en ses drops," upon pain
of forfeiture. Stat. of R. vol. I. 281. In the Romance of Kyng Alisaunder that prince
is described as alighting from his steed, when having been disarmed, he " dude on a
robe of peolour." v. 4129. See also the passages cited in the Glossary to Syr Gawayn.
Wicliffe, in the complaint to the King and Parliament, objects that the poor were con-
strained to provide a worldly priest in pride and gluttony " with fair hors and jolly, and
gay saddles and bridles ringing by the way, and himself in costly cloths and pelure,"
whilst they perished from cold and hunger. Hardyng speaks of the state of King
Arthur, who was attended by a thousand knights,
" Clad all in graye of pelury preordinate,
That was full riche, accordyng to there estate." Chron. c. 74.
3 " A pendande of a belte, pendulum.11 CATH. ANG. The rich decoration of the
extremity of the girdle appears on monumental effigies in great variety, and is fre-
CAMD. SOC. 3 E
PROMPTORIUM pARVULORUM.
PENDAWNT, of wrytys crafte, or
masunry.1 Pendicula, KYLW.
PENNE.2 Penna.
PENNE KNYFE. Artafus, Dice.
(artavus, s. p.)
PENNARE. Pennarium, calama-
rium, CATH.
PENNARE, or ynkhorne yn' o
worde (penner* and ynkorne,
H. P.) Scriptorium, calama-
rium, CATH. (atramentarium,
P0
(PENY, K.P. Denarius, nummus.)
PENYWORTHE, of what ]>ynge hyt
be. Denariatus, nummatus.
PENONE, lytylle banere.3 Bandum,
pennum, c. F. et UG. in baltheus.
PfiNTAWNCERE.4 Penitentiarius.
PENTCOST (or Whysson tyde,
infra; Pencost, K. p.) Hec
Pentecoste.
PENTYCE, of an howse ende.5
Appendicium, c. F. imbulus,
CATH. et UG. v. in A. et KYLW.
appendix, UG. in pendo.
PEPYR. Piper.
quently described in Inventories, as in one taken at York cathedral, and printed in
Mon. Angl., in which is mentioned " una le pendant parva de auro Veneto, cum lapi-
dibus et perles." Mordaculum, in French mordant, is usually taken in the sense of
the tongue of the buckle, but occasionally appears to signify a distinct ornament of the
girdle. " Pendant of a gyrdell, pendant." PALSG.
1 Palsgrave gives this term, denoting a plumb-line. " Pendant for carpenters,
niueau."
2 PENNE is not unfrequently used by the old writers in the sense of feather ; Fr.
penne. In the Vision of Piers PI. mention occurs of the " pennes of the pecok." v.
7923. In the Golden Legend it is said that " the foule that— hathe but fewe pennes
or fethers, may not well flee ;'' and again, " David sayth, he flewe vpon the pennes of
the wyndes."
3 A pennon was a small flag attached to the lance, whereby the rank of the bearer was
known. Wace appropriates it to the knight, and the gonfanon to the baron, but at a later
time it appears to have designated the bachelor. Oliv. de la Marche describes the cere-
mony of the bachelor being made a banneret, when the " queue du pennon armoyt" was
cut off, " et demoura quart," was converted into a banner." L. vi. c. 25. Trevisa, in
his version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. says that " horsmen ben cleped the
wynges of the hoost — and thies ben cleped banarers, for they bere baners and pynons ;
velis, hoc estflammulis utuntur." B. ii. c. 1. In an Invent, of church ornaments, in
the enumeration of banners, occurs " a pynon off St. Donston." Gent. Mag. viii. N.S.
571. " Pennon, a banner, pennon. Penon,alytell baner in a felde, pennon." PALSG.
In Lansd. MS. 225, f. 431, is given the size of standards, banners, pennons, &c. as set
down by the Constable and Marshal. "A guydon to be in length ij. yardes and a
half, or iij. A pennon of armes round att the end, and to be in length ij. yardes." In
Harl. MS. 358, f. 5, may be seen sketches of all these ensigns ; the getone being
swallow-tailed, the penon triangular, and charged with the armorial bearing, the former
being appropriated to the esquire or gentleman, the latter to the knight.
4 " A penytenciary, penitenciarius." CATH. ANG. The institution of this dignity
in cathedral churches is usually dated from the Council of Trent, 1545 ; but it is certain
ihatpccnitentiarii, persons authorised in certain cases to give absolution, in place of the
bishop himself, existed from a much earlier period. See Ducange and Macer. Chaucer
speaks of the penitencer in the Persones Tale as one empowered to give absolution in
extraordinary cases. " Penytauncer, penitancier." PALSG.
5 In a French Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 219, f. 148, v°, is given " elect ice, a pentys."
Caxton, in the Boke of the Fayt of Armes, explains how a fortress ought to be supplied
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 393
PEPYR QWERNE (pepirwherne,
K. s.)1 Fractillum, c. F. mo-
linellum piperis, UG. infrango,
fritillum, CATH. mola piper alls,
NECC.
PERAWNTYR (peraventure, H. p.)
Forte.) fo rtasse, fortassis.
PERCHE, fysche. Percha, Dice.
parcha, COMM.
PERCHE, or perke.2 Pertica.
PERCHER, candy lie (perche can-
dell, p.)3 Perticalis.
PEERCYD, orboryd. Perforatus.
PEERCYN, or boryn. Penetro,
perforo.
PEERCYNGE, or borynge (perch-
inge, or persinge, p.) Perfo
ratio. f
PERSLEY, herbe (percyly, K. per-
cyle, s. percyll, P.) Petrocillum,
with fresh water, cisterns being provided, "where men may receiue inne the rayne
watres that fallen doune a-longthe thackes of thappentyzes and houses." Part ii. c. 17.
" A pentis, appendix, appendicium, apheduo, (sic) ut dicit Brito ; et dicitur profectum,
si de liyno, menianum, si de lapidibus." CATH. ANG. " Penthouse of a house, appcntis.
Pentys over a stall, avuent. Pentes or paues, estal, soitbtil." PALSG. Bp. Kennett
states that in Chester there was a " curia penticiarum tenta in auld penticid ejusdem
civitatis." Lansd. MS. 1033.
1 " A paire of pepyr qwherns, fraxillus,fretellum,pistillus,pistillum." CATH. ANG.
"Peperquerne, gregoyr apoyure." PALSG. See QUERNE. Ang. - Sax. cwyrn, mola.
2 "A perke, pertica." CATH. ANG. Amongst the ancient furniture of the chamber
the perch appears to have answered the same purpose as the clothes-horse of later
times. The falconer had likewise his perch, whereon the hawks were accustomed to
sit. In the dictionary composed by Job. de Gallandia it is said, " Supra perticam
magistri Johannis diversa indumenta pendent : tunice, super tunicalia, pallia, scapu-
laria, capa, cooper tor ium, lintheamina, renones, sarabarre, fttragule, camisie, bracce,
bumbidnia et tapeta,'' &c. ; and it is added in the Gloss, "pertica, Gallice perc/ie,
unde versus : Pertica diversos pannos retinere solebat." Documens inedits : Paris sous
Philippe le Bel, ed. Geraud, App. p. 603. Caxton says, in the Book for Travellers,
amongst the appliances of the chamber, " On the perche hongen your clothes, man-
telles, frockes, clokes, cotes, doblettes, furres, wynter clothes and of somer," &c. In
Norfolk a perch, or a wooden frame, against which sawn timber is set up to dry, is
called, according to Forby, a perk.
3 This term appears to designate a wax candle of certain dimensions, such as it was
customary to place on the pertica or pergula, a small transverse beam or bar, whereon
in churches or other places candles were affixed. Edw. Phillips, in the World of
Words, states that perchers were the same as Paris candle, anciently used in England,
also a bigger sort of candles, commonly set upon the altars. According to the ancient
assise recorded in the Memorials multorum of Henry, Prior of Canterbury, 1285 — 1331,
Cott. MS. Galba, E. iv. f. 45, the Sacrist was bound to provide for the Prior's chamber
cereos of the weight of half a Ib. each, candelas, 24 to the pound, torticios, 2 ells in
length, and weighing 51b. each, with smaller ones of different weights, some of which
had the appellation " prikette," being 12 in. long, and weighing 8 to the pound.
" Item, candele que vocantur perchers continent in longitudine XV. pollic' ; unde xviij.
perchers pond1 j.li. cere." These appear to have been used at the Prior's table. They
are thus mentioned in the metrical treatise de Qfficiariis in curiis Dominorum, XVth
cent, under the head " de candelario, of the chandeler,"
" J>at torches, andtortes, and preketes con make,
Perchours, smule condel, I vrider take." Sloane MS. 198G, f. 46', v°.
394
PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM.
vel petrocilium, vel petrocili-
num, UG. in petros.
PERDYCLE, precyous ston.1 Ethi-
teSy c. F.
PEE RE, frute. Pirum.
PERE, tre. Pirus.
PEERE APPLE. Pirumpomum.
PEERE, metche. Par (compar, H.)
PERE, or pyle of a brygge, or
other fundament. Pila.
PER RE, perle.2 Margarita.
PERRE, drynke. Piretum, NECC.
PERETRE, herbe (or petyr, infra;
peretyr, p.) Peretrum.
PERFECCYONE. Perfectio.
(PERFOURMYN, supra in par-
fourmyn, p.)
PERYLE. Periculum.
PERYLE of lyfe. Discrimen, CATH.
(PERKE, or perche, supra, K. H. P.
Pertica.}
PEERLE. Margarita, granulum,
Dice.
PEERLE, yn the eye.3 Glaucoma,
DIST.
(PERLOYNYN, idem quod pur-
loynyn, H, P.)
PERM UTAC YON, or ful changynge.
Permutacio.
PERMUTYN', or holy chawgynn.
Permuto.
PERPOYNT, beest (or poork-poynt,
e'fl/m.)4 Histrix, c. F.
PERscnYN(perchyne, s. perisshen,
p.) Pereo, CATH. periclito.
(PERSID, K. H. p. Perforatus.)
(PERSYNGE, or boryng, K. H. P.
Perjvracio.)
1 Aetites, from dcrbs, aquila. EcMtes, as stated in Trevisa's version of Glanville,
B. xvi. c. 38, is a stone of red colour found on the coasts of India and Persia : it was
supposed to be of two kinds, male and female, and two were always found in the nest of
the eagle. It was accounted to have singular virtues in parturition, in augmenting
wealth and affection, in keeping a man sober, and as a charm against poisoned food.
See also the metrical Latin treatise on the virtues of gems, attributed to Marbodeus,
Had. MSS. 80, f. 100: 321, f. 68, v°. There was another red stone called perides,
according to Glanville, which cast forth fiery sparks, and when held fast, burned the
hand ; possibly the same which is here designated as the PERDYCLE.
2 Pearls appear to have been considered as precious stones, their origin being im-
perfectly known ; and hence, probably, the synonym PERRE, from the French perre, is
here given. " A perle stone, margarita." CATH. ANG. " Peerle, a stone, perle"
PALSG. The following passage occurs in Trevisa's version of Vegecius, Roy. MS.
18 A. XII. : " There is neyther games ne garnementes, golde nor siluer, so shynyng
of precious stones ne pery, t>at makethe our ennemyes subgettes, ne obedient vnto us,
but only drede and doughtenesse of dedes of armes." B. i. c. 13. Lydgate says, in
one of his minor poems,
" When thou art fryke and in thy flowres,
Thou werest purpure, perreye, ore palle." Make Amendes.
See also Vis. of Piers PI. v. 5618 ; Cant. Tales, v. 2938, 5£>2G.
3 Glaconia, MS. and s. The term glaucoma, derived from the Greek yXauxco/xa,
is rendered by Elyot " an humour in the eyen, lyke christall, whiche letteth the
syght ;" and Gouldman observes, " It seemeth to be the pin and web." " Gravia, a
perle in an eie." MED. "A perle in ye ee, epifora." CATH. ANG. ''Epiphora, a
perle in ye eye." ORTUS. "Peerle in the eye, maille. Hawe in the eye,
PALSG. "Maille, a web in the eie." COTG. Compare STYANYE.
4 See POORK POYNT, hereafter. " Porkepyn a beest, pore espin,7T PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
395
PERSONE, or o manne (man alone,
K. P.) Persona.
PERSONE, curate. Rector.
PERSOWRE (or wymbyl, infra,)
Terelellum, c. F. (terelrum, s.)
PERTRYCHE, byrd. Perdix.
PERVENKE, herbe. Pervenca.
PEES. Pax.
PESE, frute of corne. Pisa.
PESCODDE. Siliqua, CATH.
PESYBLE. Pacificus.
PEESYD, or qwemyd. Pacificatus,
pacatus, c. F. (placatus, P.)
PEESYN, or styllyn of wrethe.1
Pacifico, placo, paco.
PEESYNGE, or qwemynge. Pa-
cificacio.
(PESKE, or peche, frute, supra;
peesk, s. peshe, j. Pesca,
pomum Percicum.)
PESTELLE, of flesche. Pestellus.
PESTEL, of stampynge. Pila,
pistillus, pistellus, CATH. et UG.
in pinso.
PESTYLENCE. Pestilencia.
PETYCOTE.2 Tunicula, UG. in
tono.
PETYR, propyr name. Petrus.
PETYR, herbe (or peretre, supra ;
pertyr, p.) Peretrum.
PEWTYR, metalle. Electrum, se-
cundum communem scolam, sed
pocius dicer etur stannum, vel
stanneus.
PEWTRERE. Electuarius, vel
stannarius, CATH.
PYANY, herbe. Pionia.
(PYCTURE, or portratowre, infra.
Pictura.)
PYKARE, lytylle theef. Furculus,
velfurunculus, latrunculus ; et
inde furcula, fyc. formantur,
ut supra in mychare.
PYCHARE, pot (pycher, or pychar,
s.) Urna, c. F. ollula, CATH.
amula, CATH.picarium, COMM.
picharius, BRIT, pinca, KYLW.
et COMM.
PYE, bryd. Pica.
PYE, pasty. Artocrea,pastillulus,
KYLW.
PYE BAKER.3 Cereagius.
PYGGE, gryce. Porcellus, et alia
supra in G. gryce.
PYGMEW (pygme, s.)4 Pigmeus,
COMM.
1 — styllyn, or wrethe, MS. "To pese, componere, mitigare, pacificare, sedare,
sopire." CATH. ANG. " I pease, I styll one, le rapaise." PALSG.
2 The petticoat, at the time when the Promptorium was compiled, was a garment
worn by men : thus in Sir John Fastolfe's wardrobe, 1459, under tunice, occur "j.
pettecote of lynen clothe, stoffyd with flokys : j. petticote of lynen clothe, withought
slyves." Archseol. xxi. 253. Horman says, " One maner of correction of the sowdiours
was that they shulde stande forthe in the host in theyr pety cotis, tunicati." Amongst
the Privy Purse Expenses of Henr. VIII. 1532, occurs a payment to a London tailor
" for a doubelet, and a pety cote for Sexten," the King's fool. " Petycote, corsent
simple, cotte simple, chemise de blanchet." PALSG. Duwes, in his Introductorie to
teach the Lady Mary the French tongue, gives, under women's attire, " the kyrtell,
le corset : the kyrtell, la cottelette : the petycoat, la cotte simple." In 1582, petticoats
appear in the Custom-house rates as an article of import : " Peticotes, knit, of silk, the
doz. ,£J12, do. knit, of wul orcottin, the dosen, 30*.'' In the time of James I. petticoats
of silk were still rated at 20s. each.
3 Corayius, MS. Ceragius, s. " Cereagius, pistor qui ad modum cere deducit
pas tarn." CATH. Compare PASTLERE, supra, p. 385.
i "A peghte, pigmeus" CATH. ANG. According to Jamieson a deformed and
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PYIONE, yonge dove. Columbella.
PYK, or pycfie (or terre, infra.}1
Pix, pissa, c. F. et CATH. pis-
saxara, CATH. UG. (depissa, P.)
PYKE, fysche. Dentrix, c. F. lu-
cius, c. F. lupus, c. F.
PYKE, of a staffe, or oj>er lyke.
Cuspis, stiga, c. F.
PYKE, of a schoo.2 Liripium,
Dice, (liripipium, P.)
PYKE, or tyynde of yryne (or
prekyl, infra in T.) Carnica.
diminutive person is called in the North a picht, and the lower orders still designate by
this term the supposed race of pigmies. Several remarkable relations illustrative of the
ancient popular belief in such supernatural beings are given by the old historians, such
as that of the priest Elidorus, recounted by Giraldus, Itin. Camb. i. c. 8 ; the account
of the demons called in England Portuni, and in France Neptuni, according to Gerv.
Tilbur. Ot. Imp. Dec. iii. c. 61 ; the extraordinary tale of Rad. de Coggeshale re-
specting the boy and girl discovered near Wolpit, in Suffolk, and kept for a long time
by Sir Rich, de Calne, at Wikes, which are described as having had the human form,
but wholly of a green colour, and as having been led by the sound of bells to emerge
into the rays of the sun from their land beneath, where twilight reigned, and everything
was green. Roy. MS. 13 A. XII. f. 73, v°. See Keightley's Fairy Mythology, and
compare ELF, supra, p. 138.
1 " Fix, pycche, or pycke." MED. " Pikke, pix, bitumen. To pykke, bituminare."
CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax. pic, bitumen.
2 " A pyke of a scho, or of a staffe, rostrum." CATH. ANG. Liripipium usually
denotes the hood with a long appendage, which, as Knyghton describes it, was twisted
around the head ; but here it seems to be synonymous with poleine, or cracowe, the
proper appellation whereby the singular long-peaked shoe, which was in fashion during
the early part of the XV th cent., was known. These terms are supposed to be derived
from the fashion having been introduced from Poland, and Cracow, its metropolis,
possibly by some of the suite of Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Ric. II. Will. Malmsb.
however, states that among the effeminate habits of the times of Rufus, "usus cal-
ceorum cum arcuatis aculeis inventus :'' thepouleines were also much in vogue in France
during the reign of Charles V. and forbidden in 1340 and 1365. The monk of Evesham,
in the Life of Rich. II. ed. Hearne, p. 53, relates the indignity that was shown in the
diocese of Oxford to the messenger of Abp. Courtenay, in 1384, when he was compelled
to eat the prelate's mandate, seal and all ; but in retaliation the Archbishop's adhe-
rents " sciderunt cracowys de sotularibus aliquorum de familid Epi. Oxon. et ipsos
cracowis edere coyerunt." In a treatise on the virtues of plants, written about the
same time, the seed, or cod, of the Cassia fistula is described as of the " gretnesse of a
saucestre, and shap most lyk )>e pyk of a crakow sho." Arund. MS. 42, f. 60, v°. At
the period when the Promptorium was compiled such peaked shoes were worn of an
extravagant length, and the fashion was restricted by the statutes of apparel, during the
reign of Edw. IV. when the length of " pykes of shoen or boteux " was cut down to
two inches. See Parl. Rolls, V. 505, 566 ; Stat. of Realm. Although no early sump-
tuary statute is found whereby the use of such shoes was restricted to knights or
persons of estate, they are mentioned repeatedly, as if accounted specially a part of
knightly equipment. Thus in the description of the comely attire of Sir Degore, it is
said, " His shone was croked as a knighte." v. 700. This Romance is supposed to
have been written early in the Xlllth cent. The young Torrent of Portugal is de-
scribed as craving knighthood from the King of Provens, who bids him engage in a feat
of arms, " and wyn the shone," v. 1117 ; having acquitted himself manfully, he comes
at " myd-mete," and presents himself at the deis in his squire's habit, " withoute
couped shone," to claim the guerdon; v. 1193. Compare this passage with Vis. of
Piers PI. v. 12,099, where a description occurs of one who comes, as if to a just, after
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
397
PYKKFORKE. Merga, CATH.
merges, c. F.
PYKEYS, mattokke. Ligo, CATH.
marra, CATH. in ligo.
PYKELYNGE. Purgulacio.
PYKEREL. Dentriculus, lucillus,
KYLW. (dentricula, P.)
PYKEWALLE (or gabyl, supra.)
Murus conalis, piramis, vel
piramidalis, c. F.
PYKEPENY.' Cupidinarius.
PYKYD, as a staffe. Cuspidatus.
PYKYD, or purgyd fro fylthe, or
ober thynge grevows. Purgatus.
PYKYL, sawce. Picula, KYLW.
(separium, s.)
PYKYN, or clensyn, or cully n
owte the on-clene.2 Purgo,
purgulo (segrego, p.)
PYKKYN, or a-noyntyn wythe pyk.
Piceo, CATH.
PYKYNGE, or clensynge. Pur-
gacio.
PYKYNGE, of a staffe, or oj>er
lyke. Cuspidacio.
PYLCiiE.3 Pellicium, pellicia,
c. F. et UG. in pello, et CATH.
et KYLW.
the manner of a knight who comes to be dubbed, to win his gilt spurs, " or galoches
y-couped." " Milieus, a coppid shoo." ORTUS. Ang.-Sax. cop, apex. A large
number of poleine shoes, with the wooden pattens which were worn with them during
the XVth cent., in accordance with the fashion represented in the drawing in Cott. MS.
Julius E. IV. designated as King John, and given in Shaw's Dresses, were discovered
in London, Nov. 1843, and are in the possession of Mr. C. R. Smith, F.S.A.
1 " Cupidinarius, f. mercator, nummos cupiens, a couey tour of money.'* ORTUS. la
the Vision of Piers P. v. 14,448, the disorderly followers of an army are described as
" brybours, pylours, and pyke-harneys." This last term occurs also in Towneley
Myst. p. 9. The verb to pick, as used by the old writers, has, amongst various signi-
fications, that of obtaining anything by mean, underhand proceedings, or pilfering.
Thus Gaut. de Bibelesworth says,
" Eschuuet flatour (loseniour) ke sect fiat er,
Trop sect ben espelulcer (piken.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 299-
" Leue thy flaterynge wordes, that goth aboute to pyke a thanke (verbis ad gratiam
comparatis.)" HORM. See Nares.
* " I pyke, or make clene, ie nettoye. I praye you pyke my combe. I pyke safforne
or any floure or come whan I sorte one parte of them from an other, Ie espluche. All
men can nat pycke saffron, some men must pyke pesyn." PALSG. Chaucer uses
this verb, speaking thus of the spruce Damian : " He kembeth him, he proineth him
and piketh." Marchant's T. v. 9885. Again he describes the gear of the five artificers,
who were clad in the livery of a great fraternity, as " ful freshe, and newe — ypiked."
Prol. v. 367. See Nares, v. Picked. Bullinger, in his 40th Sermon on the Apocalypse,
inveighing against the Roman clergy, says, " They be commed, and piked, and very
finely apparelled, delightyng in wemens jewels, wearing costely garmentes." There is
apparently an allusion to birds, which set the plumage with the bill. A.-S. pycan, eruere.
3 " A pilch, or pylch, properly a furr gown, or a garment of skins with the hair on.
Sax. pylce, toga pellicea. A cyrtell of wollen, and a pylche. Polychr. li. vii. c. 4. Cled
in pilches, pellibus. Dougl. f. 175. Island, pyls, vestis muliebris. A pilch, a piece of
flannel or other woolen put under a child next ye clout is called in Kent a pilch. A
coarse shagged piece of rug laid over a saddle for ease of a rider is in our midland parts
called a pilch." Bp. Kennett's Glossarial Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033. In Norfolk a flannel
wrapper for a child is called a pilch. See Forby and Jamieson. The term is used by
Chaucer, denoting a warm wrapper : Proverb against Covetise ; it occurs also in Creed
398
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PYLCRAFTE, yn a booke (pile-
crafte, K.)1 Asteriscus, c. F.
paragraphus, c. F. et UG. in
gramma (furmicula, s.)
PYLE, of a bryggys fote, or ober
byggynge (or pere, supra.) Pila.
PYLE, of clothys (or other lyke,
K.) on a presse. Panniplicium
(cumulus, K.)
PYLE, of weyynge.2 Libramentum,
CATH. libra, c. F. (libramen, K.)
PYLE, or heep, where of hyt be.
Cumulus.
PYLERE. Columpna.
PYLLERY. Collistrigium.
PYLET, skyn'. Pellis (cutis, P.)
PYLGREME, idem quod palmer,
supra; et proselitus, c. F.
(peregrinus, peregrina, P.)
PvLGRYMAGE.3 Peregrinacio.
PYLLYD, fro the barke. Decor -
ticatus.
PYLLYD, or scallyd (shaled, s.
skalled, p.)4 Depilatus, glabel-
lus, CATH. (c^apitonsus, c. F.
glabrosus.
of Piers P. v. 484; Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 154, ed. Halliwell. Sir John Maun-
devile, describing the rich attire of the Tartars dwelling in Chatay, says, "Thei
clothen hem also with pylches, and the hyde with outen, habent et pelliceas, quibus
utuntur ex transversis ;" in the French " et vestent des pellices." Voiage, p. 2.98. In
the Inventory of the effects of Roger de Kyrkby, Vicar of Gaynford, who died 1412,
occurs " unum pylche de stranlion, xx.s.'' Wills and Inv. Surtees Soc. p. 56. Coats
furred with " stranlyne " are mentioned in another document, ib. p. 35. Amongst the
furred garments in the Invent, of the wardrobe of Hen. V. 1423, occur " ij. pulches de
Cristigrey, iiij. pulches pur femmes, de grey," valued at 30*. and 20*. each. Rot. Parl.
iv. 236. Caxton says in the Book for Travellers, "Me fyndeth furres of beuers, of lombes,
pylches of hares and of conyes ; (plichons de lieures et de conins.) Vedast the gray-
werker (vairrier) solde whilor to my lady a pylche of graye, and of good furres. Wau-
burge the pylchemaker (pellettire) formaketh a pylche well (refaicte ung plice.y Bp.
Ridley, in his letter of farewell, quotes Hebr. xi. 37, as follows : " Some wandered to and
fro in sheep's pilches, in goats' pilches." " Pellicia, apilche, est quoddam indumentum
quod de pellis fit.*' MED. " A pylche, endromida, endromis, pellicium, reno. A pilche
maker, pelliparius." CATH. ANG. " Pelliparium, apylchery." ORTUS. " Pytche (sic)
of lether, pelice." PALSG. Compare Dutch, Dan. and Swed. pels ; Germ. Pelz, &c.
1 " Paragrapha, pylcraft in wry(t)ynge." MED. " Paragraphus, -4»^/zce a pargrafte
in vrytynge." ORTUS. " Pilkrow contractum esse videtur, corruptumque ex para -
grapho." MINSHEU. " Paragraphs^ a paragraife, or Pill-crow, a full sentence, head,
or title." COTG. " A pilkcrow, v. Paragraph." GOULDM. See Nares. Tusser com-
mences his Points of Husbandry and Book of Huswifery with "a lesson how to
confer every Abstract with his month, and find out Huswifery Verses by the Pilcrow :"
" 1f In Husbandry matters, where Pilcrow ye find,
That verse appertaineth to Huswif ry kind ;
So have ye more lessons, if there ye look well,
Than Huswifery Book doth utter or tell."
2 In the Invent, of effects of Hen. V. 1423, occurs, " Item, j. Pile pur poiser or et
argent, pris vj.s. viij.d." Rot. Parl. iv. 234. "Pile: trebuchet a peser, sorte de
balance; pila." ROQUEFORT.
3 PYLGYRMAGE, MS.
4 PYLLYD signifies not only deprived of the skin, but worn smooth, stripped of hair
or bald, as in the Creed of Piers P. v. 1665, where mention occurs of a " pild pate."
Compare Cant. Tales, v. 629 ; 3933 ; Cov. Myst. p. 384. Dowglas, the Glastonbury
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
399
PYLLYN, or pylle bark, or ober
lyke. Decortico.
PYLLYN, or schalyn nottys, or
garlyk. Vellifico.
PYLYOL MOUNTEYNE, herbe. Pu-
legium.
PYLEOL RYAL. Origanum.
PYLOWRE, or he bat pelythe ober
menne, as catchepollys, and oj>er
lyke. Pilator, UG. in pinso, de-
predator, vespilio, UG. inspolio.
PYLWE (pyllowe, p.) Pulvinar,
cervical, pulvillus, plumacium
( pulvinacium, s.)
PYMENTE, dryrike.1 Pigmentum,
nectar, mellicratum, c. F.
PYMPYRNOL, herbe. Pimpinella.
PYNNE, of tymbyr (or pegge,
supra.) Cavilla, UG. in caveo.
PYNNE, of metalle, as yryne, or
ober lyke (or pryke, infra.)
Spintrum, vel spinter, CATH.
PYNNE, of an orlage, or ober
lyke, schowynge be owrys of
the day or of be nyghte (pyn,
or other lyke, shewynge the
owre in a dyall, H. p.)2 Scio-
tirus, c. F. et UG. in scio.
PYNACLE. Pinnaculum, pinna.
PYNCHAR, or nyggarde, idem
quod nyggard, supra in N.
literal
monk, in his Chron. of England, speaks with contempt of " Maister Robert Baldokke,
a fals piledde clerke of the Kinge's courte." Harl. MS. 4690, f. 62 v°. and 63 v°. So
likewise Shakspeare uses the epithet, 1 Hen. VI. 1. 3, "peeFd priest!" " Pylled as
one that wanteth heare, pellu. Pylled as ones heed is, pelle. Pylled scalled, tiyneitx."
PALSG. In this sense the following passages in the authorised version of the Scriptures
are to be understood : " Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled."
Isai. xviii. 2, 7. The word in the original signifies deprived of hair, plucked, con-
sidered in Eastern countries the highest indignity. Compare Jsai. 1. 6. Again, in
Ezek. xxix. 18, it is said, " Every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled.''
(depilatus, Vulg.) The term is likewise applied to velvet or napped stuffs which are
worn threadbare, shorn, or cut. Hall, relating the treachery of Humphrey Banaster,
in betraying the Duke of Buckingham to Rich. III. says that the sheriff, having appre-
hended the Duke, " in greate hast and euyll spede conueighed him appareled in a pilled
blacke cloke to the cytie of Salsburie, where Kynge Richard then kepte his houshold."
3 Rich. III. Again, he describes the rich attire of the royal henxmen, who appeared
in "coates of purple veluet pieled, and paned in riche cloth of siluer." 14 Hen. VIII.
1 PYNTNENTE, MS. Pyment, K.H. s. p. Pigmentum, or pimentum, wine spiced, or
mingled with honey, called in French piment, was anciently in high estimation. See
Kyng Alis. v. 4178, and Weber's note. Chaucer speaks of it in Rom. of R. 6027,
Boeth. ii. Gower says of Love,
" That neuer pyment ne vernage
Was halfe so swete for to drynke." Conf. Am. B. vi.
Under the head nomina pertinencia promptuario, Harl. MS. 1002, is given " Nectar,
piffmentum, pyment." " Pyment, piment." PALSG. Amongst the receipts of cookery
in a MS. of the XlVth cent, in the collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps, No. 1470, there
is one entitled " Pymte. Wyn, sucre yboilled togedere, gyngebred and hony, poudre of
gynger, and of clouwes, i-piht wi> J?ornes gret plentee, and schal beon adressed in
coffyns of flour of chasteyns : )>e colour ^olou wyj? saffroun."
2 From this description of the gnomon of a dial it appears that the term orlage de-
signated, as in accordance with its derivation, not only a clock, but any indicator of
time. " Sciocerus est stilus positus in circulo ad metiendum horas velformas." ORTUS.
3 " I pynche, I spare as a nygarde, ie fays du chiche. I pynche courtaysye, as one
CAMD. SOC. 3 F
400
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PYNCHYN. Impingo, CATH.
PYNCHYNGE (or nyggardshepe,
supra.} Tenacitas.
PYNDARE of beestys (pynnar, p.)1
Inclusor, CATH. inclusarius, UG.
PYNFOLDE. Inclusorium.
PYNNYN, or put yna pynfold. In-
trudo, detrudo.
PYNYN, or languryn in sekenesse
(or peynyn, supra.}2 Langueo,
elangueo.
PYNNYN, or spere wythe a pynne
(or festyn, p.) Concavillo
(conclave, P.)
PYNYON, of a wynge. Pennula.
PYNYONYD. Pennulatus.
PYNOTE, frute. Pinum.
PYNOT, tre. Pinus.
PYNSONE.3 Tenella, cancer, c. F.
et KYLW. cancellulus, KYLW.
(manualis, c. F., H. p.)
PYNSONE, to drawe owt tethe.
Dentaria, UG. in demo.
PYNSONE, sokke.4 Pedipomita.
doth tbatisnyceof condyscions, ie fays le nyce." PALSG. Elyot renders " aridus
homo, a pelt, or pynchebeke, a drye felowe, of whome nothynge maye be gotten.''
" Sordidus, chiche, (Fr.) a niggard, a palterer, a dodger, a penyfather, a pinchpeny,
one that will not lose the droppings of his nose." Junius' Nomenclator, version by
J. Higins. " Pinse-maille, a pinch penny, scrapegood, niggard, penny-father." COTG.
" A pinch-fist, cupidinarius ; vide Niggard. A pincher and piller, vide Plucker. A
pinch-penny, parcus,'' £c. GOULDM. Forby observes that a very parsimonious eco-
nomist is still called in Norfolk a pinch.
1 " Angarius, bedellus, comjmlsor, injustus exactor, a pyndere or an haywarde."
MED. " Tescuo, i. castrare, to pynde. Tescua, a pynde-folde. To pynde, includere,
trudere. A pynder, inclusarius, inclusor, inactor. A pynfolde, catabulum, testula,
inclusorium." CATH. ANG. " To pin cattel, vide To pound. A pinner or pounder of
cattel, inclusor." GOULDM. Amongst manorial or municipal offic als the pounder of
stray cattle is still in some places, as in Warwickshire, termed the Pinner. Bp. Kennett
gives the following remarks : " To pynd, to pound or impound cattle, Dunelm. Sax.
pyndan, includere. Hence in these midland parts the money that is given to the
Hey ward, or to any person who locks and unlocks the pound gate, is called Pinne lock "
Lansd. MS. 1033.
2 The verb to pine is used not uncommonly in an active sense, as by Chaucer, R. of
Rose, 3511. " To pine, punire, afficere, etc. ubi to punysche." CATH. ANG. " They
(the priests) sleen thy sheep, for they pyenen them for hunger of their soule to the death. ' '
Complaint of the Ploughman, Fox, Acts and Mon. A°. 1360. "I pyne one as men do
theues or mysruled persons to confesse ye truth, le riue en aigneaux. Pynyng of a man
in prisone, to confesse the trouthe, torture." PALSG. Ang.-Sax. pinan, cruciare ;
piming, tormentum.
3 " A pynson, pedribriomitft, a pes, et brios, mensura, et mitos, gutta; quasi calceus
gnttatus." CATH. ANG. " Pedibomita, Anglice a pynson." ORTUS. " Baillez moy
mes cajignouns, take me my pynsouns." Harl. MS. 219, f. 151, v°. " Pynson sho,
caffignon." PALSG. Master Stanbridge renders calceolus " a pynson," and Elyot gives
" Calceamen, a pynson showe, or socke ;" to which Gouldman adds another synonym,
" a pinson or pump, calceamen," &c. Duwes, in his Introductorie, composed to teach
the Princess Mary the French tongue, gives " womens raiments — the pynson showes,
les eschapins." The derivation of this term is very obscure ; it denotes, possibly, the
pumps, or high unsoled shoes of thin leather, which were commonly worn with pattens
about the time when the Promptorium was compiled. A large collection of these,
recently discovered in London, are in the possession of C. R. Smith, Esq. F.S.A.
Pinsons are mentioned in the Howard Household Book, p. 314.
4 " Pinsons" are named amongst various articles, chiefly of hard-ware, the impor-
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
401
PYYNTE, mesure. Pinta, sexta-
rium, dicit Biblia libra Le-
vitic. cap. 14°.
PYONY, herbe, idem quod pyanye,
supra; et poenia, c. F.
PYPARE. Fistulator.
PYPE (pypet, s.) Fistula.
PYPE, of orgonys. Ydraula^
CATH. inplur. aule, UG. v. in A.
PYPE, vessel, or halfe tunne. Se-
midotium, pipa.
PYPPE, sekenesse.2 Pituita, CATH.
et UG. in pis.
PYPYNE, of vyne, or grape (pe-
pyne of wyne, p.)3 Acinus, UG.
vel acinum, CATH. et c. F.
PYPYN, wythe a pype. Fistula,
Jistulor, UG. infos.
PYPYN, or 3yppe, as henn byrdys
(jippyn, as bryddys, K. H. yepyn,
p.)4 Pipio, pipulo, CATH.
PYPYNGE, of pypys. Fistulacio,
veljistulatus.
PYPYNGE, crye of yonge bryddys.
Pipulatus.
PYRY, or storme.5 Nimbus, CATH.
et c. F.
ration of which was forbidden by Stat. 3 Edw. IV. 1463. Stat. of R. II. 397. " Pynsons
of yrone, estricquoyers. " PALSG. The term seems to be a diminutive of the Fr.
pince.
1 Praula, MS. ydraula, s. Compare ORGON PYPE, ydraula ; p. 369.
2 " J>e pippe, pituita. " CATH. ANG. " Pyppe, a sickenesse, pepye." PALSG. In
the version of Macer's treatise on the virtues ot herbs, MS. in the possession of Hugh
Diamond, Esq., it is said that " cerfoile y-dronke with mulsa wole destroie )>e pippe."
So likewise is it stated in Arund. MS. 42, f. 66 : " Chervel, y-dronkyn with muls,
oftyn for-doj? )>e pippe.'' " I pyppe a henne or a capon, I take the pyppe from them,
ie prens la pepie dune geline. Your hennes shall neuer waxe fatte tyll they be pypped."
PALSG.
3 In the earlier Wicliffite version Numb. vi. 4 is thus rendered : " Newe grapes and
dried they shulen not eete, alle the daies in the which of auowe to the Lord thei ben
sacryd ; what thing may be of vyn, of grape dried vnto the popyn (pepyn, a/.) thei
shulen not eete ;" in the later version "grape dried til to the draf " (uva passa usque
ad acinum, Vulg.) The marginal gloss is added, " in Ebreu it is, fro the rynde til to
the litil greynes that ben in the myddis of the grape." " A pepyn or a grafte, acinus,
fecinum, granum." CATH. ANG. " Pepin, a pippin, or kernell, the seed of frute, the
stones of grapes." COTG.
4 Gaut. de Bibelesworth says, in the chapter " de naturele noysedes lestes — crapaud
koaille, reine gaille, tadde crouke>, frogge pype>." " To pype as a bryrde (sic)
pipiare." CATH. ANG. " Minurio, i. minutum cantare, to pype as small byrdes."
ORTUS. " Pepier, to peep, to cheep, or pule, as a young bird in the neast. Pepie-
ment, the cheeping, or peeping of young birds, any such puling noise." COTG. Hence,
perhaps, the phrase " at daye pype, a la pipe dujour.^ PALSG.
5 u Pyrry, a storme of wynde, orage, bovff&e de uent." PALSG. Hall, at the com-
mencement of his Chronicle of 17 Hen. VI. says, " What should I reherse the great
tempestes, the sharpe blastes, the sodain piries, the vnmeasurable wyndes, the con-
tinuall raynes, whiche fell and chaunced this yere in England." W. Harrison, in the
description of Britain prefixed to Holinshed's Chron. i. p. 45, observes, speaking of
islands on the Eastern coast, " Forasmuch as a perrie of wind— caught hold of our
sailes, and caried us forth the right waie toward London, I could not tarie to see what
things were hereabouts.'' Cotgrave renders ' Tourbillon, a gust, flaw, berrie, sudden
blast or boisterous tempest of wind. Vent, a gale, flaw, or berrie of wind." Se
Nares, v. Pirrie, and Jamieson, v. Pirr, a gentle breeze : Isl. oyr, ventus secundus.
402
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PYRNE, of a webstarys loome
(pyrne or webstars lome, p.)1
Panus.
PYSSE, or pysche. Urina, minc-
tura (minccio, P.)
PYSSYN,orpyschyn.7)!/mg'o,CATH.
PYSSYNGE PLACE. Oletum, CATH.
PYSSYNGE VESSELLE. Manio-
della, (sic) CATH. madula, c. F.
madellum, CATH. et UG. sea-
phium, UG. in scando.
PYSMERE. Formica.
PYSMERYSHYLLE. Formicarium,
CATH. (formicetum, P.)
PYSPOTT, idem quod pyssynge
vessel, supra.
PYSTYL. Epistola.
PYTTE, Puteus, lacus.
PYT, or flasche where mekyl water
standythe after a reyne (or
plasche, infra.) Columbus, c. F.
PYTAGRU, idem quod pedegru,
supra; et stemma, CATH. (py-
tagrwe or lyne or kinrede, Es-
temma, c. F., p.)
PYTAWNCE. Pietancia.
PYTE. Pietas.
PYT F A L L E. Decipula, avicipula,
COMM. et UG. v. in T.
PYTIIE. Medulla, vel pulpa.
PYTHE, of a stalke.2 Hilus, CATH.
PYTHE, of a tree. Hilum, UG. v.
PYTYOWS, or ful of pyte (pyte-
vous, H. pitiuous, p.) P(i)e-
ticus, compassivus.
PYTYOWS, or rufulle yn syjhte.
Dolorosus, penosus.
PLACE. Locus.
PLACE, of dwellynge. Mansio.
PLACE, or stede. Situs.
PLAGE. Plaga.
PLAYCE, fysche. Pecten.
PLAYSTYR for sorys.Emplastrum,
CATH. malagma, cataplasma,
CATH. implastrum, c. F. epi-
lema, UG. in epi.
PLAYSTYR for wallys (or pa(r)get,
supra.) Gipsum, CATH. iitura,
plastrum, COMM.
PLAYSTERYD, as sorys. Cata-
plasmatus.
PLAYSTERYD, as wallys. Gip-
satus, Hiatus (litus, P.)
PLA(Y)STRYN sorys. Cataplasmo,
UG. in cathegoro.
PLA(Y)STRYN wallys. Gipso, c. F.
lino, ut supra in pargettyn.
PLA(Y)STERYNGE of sorys. Ca-
taplasmacio.
PLA(Y)STRYNGE of wallys. Li-
tura, gipsatus.
PLAYTE, of a clothe. Plica, CATH.
plicatura.
PLAYTYD. Plicatus.
PLAYTYN. Plico, CATH.
PLAYTYNGE. Plicacio.
PLANE, instrument (to makyn
pleyn, H. p.) Leviga.
PLANE, tre. Platanus,
PLANETS. Planeta.
1 " Pyrne, or webstars lome, mestier a tisser." PALSG. Ducange cites an ancient
Glossary, in which panus is explained to be " instrumentum textoris, lignum circa
quod involviturfilum," called also panucula. " Pannus est instrumentum textoris, a
spytell, or a shotell pynne, or a spole. Pannicula, dim. i, manicula textricum, quia
ejus discursu panni te.rantur." ORTUS. " Panus is a weuers roll, whereon the webbe
of clothe is rolled or wounden." ELYOT.
2 PYTHE, or a stalke, MS. " Hilus, putamen quod adheret fabe, vel medulla penne,
scilicet illud tenue quod est in medio penne." CATH. ">epytheofa penne, He, ilm%
nauci." CATH. ANG. <( Pythe of a stalke or of a tree, cuevr." PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
403
PL AN YD. Levigatus.
PLANYN. Levigo, piano.
PLANYNGE. Levigacio.
PLANK, boord. Planca, CATH.
et UG. in platos, plancula, UG.
pluteum, CATH.
PLANTE, of a tre, or herbe.
Planta, plantarium, CATH.
PLANTEYNE, or plawnteyn, herbe.
Plantago.
PLANTYD. Plantains.
PLANTYN. Planto.
PLANTYNGE. Plantado.
PLASCHE, or flasche, where reyne
watyr stondythe(or pyt, supra.)1
Torrens, lacuna, c. F. collnvio,
vel col(l)uvium, c. F.plassetum,
COMM.
PLAT, or pleyne. Planus.
PLATE, of armure. Squama, CATH.
PLATE, of metalle. Lamina, vel
lama, CATH. crusta, CATH. bra-
teum, vel brateola, CATH.
PLATE, of a fyyr herthe.2 La-
mina, repocilium, c. F. repo-
(fo)cillium, CATH.
PLATERE. Parapsis, rotundale,
scutella, patina, CATH.
PLATLY. Plane.
PLAW, or plawynge. Bullicio,
ebullicio.
PLAWYN', as pottys.3 Bullio,
ferveo.
PLAWYN OVYR. Efferveo, ebullio.
PLAUNCHERE.4 Plancula, CATH.
in planca.
1 In the MS. in Sir Thos. Phillipps's collection, as likewise in the printed editions,
the following distinction is here made : Plasche, flasche, or broke : Torrens, lacuna.
Plasche, or flasch after a rayne : Colluvio, colluvium. " Plasshe of a water, flacquet."
PALSG. Elyot speaks of an herb " growynge in plashes, hauynge a lyttell stalke,
whiche excedeth not foure fyngers high. It is called Heraclion syderion. Nepeta, an
herbe — which of some men is called wylde peny royalle, and groweth in plasshye
groundes." Harrison, in the Description of Britain, says that the preservation of
fresh-water fish " is prouided for by verie sharpe lawes, not onelie in our riuers, but
also in plashes, or lakes, and ponds." Holinsh. Chron. i. 224. " Lavaye, a plash ; a
peece of land surrounded or drowned up by water. Patouillas, a plash or puddle."
COTG. " A plash, lacus, lacuna." GOULDM. Bp. Kennett gives " Plashy waies, wet
under foot : to plash in the dirt ; all plash'd, made wet and dirty. To plash a tra-
veller, or strike up the dirt upon him. In the North ploshy, to plosh," &c. Lansd.
MS. 1033. The word plash does not appear in Forby's Glossary as still retained in
East Anglia ; it is used by Sir T. Brown, Vulgar Errors, B. iii. c. 13, where he speaks
of the " polwygle." Compare Teut. plas, plasch, lacuna ; fossa in qud stat aqua.
Hence, perhaps, may be derived, some names of places, as Plashet Farm, near Lewes ;
Plashet, in the Essex marsh-lands ; Plaistow, Pleshey.
2 Compare HERTHE STOK, or kynlym, p. 237, and KYNLYNE, p. 275.
3 In Norfolk, according to Forby, to plaw signifies to parboil ; the phrase, give meat
a plaw, denotes a slight boiling. Ray, in the South and East Country words, gives
" To play, spoken of a pot, kettle, or other vessel full of liquor, i. e. to boil ; playing
hot, boiling hot. In Norfolk they pronounce it plaw.'' The word is used in the fol-
lowing recipe for making vinegar, Sloane MS. 3548, f. 16, v° : "Take a pot ful of
wyne, and steke yt wele aboue bat no bynges go ynne nor owte, and put it ynne a
cowdrun ful of water, and layt yt play longe berin, and yt schal be gode ayselle sone."
Compare OVYRPLAW, p. 373.
4 This term is taken directly from the French. " Plancher made of bordes,
PALSG. In a letter written during the siege of Caistor castle, about 1459,
404
PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM.
PLAUNCHERYD. Planculatus.
(PLAWNTEYNE, supra in plan-
teyne, herbe, p. Plantago.)
PLEGGE, as a wedde (or oostage,
infra.) Obsesy CATH. vas,
CATH. pligius, Latinum est
Anglie et non alibi.
PLEY. Ludus, jocus.
PLEY, or somyr game. Spec-
taculum.
PLEY (or ioy, supra) bat begyn-
nythe wythe myrthe, and end-
ythe wythe sorowe. Tragedia,
UG. in oda.
PLEY (or ioy, supra) j>at begyn-
nythe wythe (mornynge and
s.) sorow, and endythe wythe
myrthe.1 Comedia, UG. in oda.
PLEYARE. Lusor.
PLEYARE, bat alwey wyl pley.
Ludibundus, ludibunda.
PLEYAR, at the bal. Pililudius,
CATH.
PLEYFERE.2 ColluSOr.
PLEYYN. Ludo.
PLEYYN at the bal. Pililudo.
PLEYYN BUK HYDE.3 Angulo,
c. F. in exangulatus, deliteo,
CATH.
PLEYYNGE. Collusio, lusus.
PLEYYNGE GARMENT. Ludix,
UG. in ludo.
PLEYYNGE PLACE (pleyinge in
place, P.) Diludium, CATH.
PLEYYNGE THYNGE, or thynge
J>at menn or chyldyr pley wythe.
Adluricum, UG. in agri vel
adros. Nota supra in laykyne.
(PLEYKSTARE, infra in why(t)-
star. Candidarius.)*
PLEYNE.5 Planus.
PLEYNE, place. Planicies.
PLEYNYN. Conqueror, causor.
complaint is made that " ye holys yat ben made for hand gunnys ben scarse kne hey
fro ye plawncher." Paston Letters, iv. 316. According to Forby, a boarded floor is still
called in Norfolk a plancher. Hence, doubtless, the term plansher-nail. See Jamieson*
1 " Comedia, a toun song. Comedus, a writer of toun songus." MED. " Playe, an
enterlude,/arce. Play sport, carolle, deduit, esbat. Playe of sadde matters, moralite.
Commedy of a christmas playe, commedie. Playe maker, facteur, factiste. Player
in a playe, parsonnage. Player or goer vpon a corde, batellevr." PALSG.
2 In the account of Jephtha's daughter, as rendered in the Wicliffite version, it is
said, " And whanne sche hadde go wi> hir felowis and pleiferis (sodalibus, Vulg.) sche
biwepte hir maidenhed in >e hillis." Judges, xi. 38. " Playfere, mignon." PALSG.
Fere, a companion, is a word used by Chaucer, as also the expression "in fere," in com-
pany ; Cant. T. 4748, 4814. Hall, in his relation of the death of James II. of Scotland,
in 14GO, says, that, having slain the Douglases, " thynking himself a kyng without
either peere or fere," he assembled a great army, and laid siege to Roxburghe castle,
where he perished by the bursting of one of his own cannon, 38 Hen. VI. Ang.-Sax.
foera, gef^ra, socius.
3 This ancient name of the sport of hide and seek has not been noticed by Strutt.
" All hidde, jeu ou un se cache pour estre trouvi des autres." SHERW. " Cline-
mucette, the game called Hod-mad-blind ; Harry-racket, or, are you all hid. Capifou,
a play which is not much unlike our Harry-racket, or Hidman-blind." COTG.
4 Jamieson gives To pleche, or bleach ; Pleching, bleaching.
5 In the MS. PLEYNE is found placed between pleyfere and pleyynge : possibly it
had been written pleyyn by the first hand. The King's Coll. MS. reads pleyin place,
and pleyint. PLEYNYN likewise occurs in the MS. between plawyn and pleyyn, pos-
sibly because it had been written originally pleyynyn.
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
405
PLEYNT. Querimonia, querela.
PLECKE, or plotte.1 Porcmncula.
PLENTE. Abundancia, copia,
plenitudo.
PLENTE, of frutys. Ubertas, fer-
tilitas.
PLENTYVOWS. Copiosus,fertilis,
abundans.
PLENTYVOWS, yn frutys (or other
lyke, K.) Ubertuosus, CATH.
fer tilis (fecundus, P.)
PLENTYVOWSNESSE, idem quod
plente, supra.
PLESAWNS, or plesynge. Com-
placencia, beneplacitum.
PL ES AUNT (or plesyng, K.) Com-
placens, beneplacens.
(PLESAWNTLY, K.) Placenter,
complacenter, placa(bili)ter.
PLESYN. Placeo.
PL ETA RE. Placitor, causidicus,
causarius, c. F.
PLETYN. Placitor, CATH.
PLETYNGE. Placitacio.
PLETYNGE HOWSE, or place.
Placitorium, CATH.
PLYAUNT (or beyn, supra, or
supple, infra.) Flexibilis, len-
tus, c. F.
PLYTE, or state (plight, P.) Status.
PLYGHTYNTRUTHE(plityn trwthe,
K. trouthe, p.) Ajfido, CATH.
(PLOMERE, or plumber, infra.
Plumbarius.)
PLOT, idem quod plek, supra.
PLOW. Aratrum, caruca, c. F.
PLOWBEEM. JBuris, c. F. temo,
CATH. et UG. in felon.
PLOWYNGE, or erynge. Aracio
(aratura, P.)
PLOWLOND. Carrucata, c. F.
PLOWLOND, }>at a plow may tylle
on a day. Jugerum, c. F.juger.
PLOWMAN NE. Arator, carru-
carius, c. F. georgicus, CATH.
glebo, c. F.
PLOWSTERT.2 Stina, CATH.
PLOW WRYHTE. Carrucarius,
Dice.
PLOVERE (bryd, s.) Pluviarius,
Dice.
PLOWME. Prunum.
PLOWRYN, or wepyn. Ploro,Jleo,
CATH.
PLOWRYNGE, or wepynge. Plo-
ratus, fletus, lacrimacio.
PLUK, or plukkynge. Tractus.
PLUKKYN bryddys. Excatheriso,
UG. in scateo, deplumo, ex-
penno (depenno, excatariso, P.)
PLUKKYN, orpulle frute. Vellico,
CATH. avello.
PLUKKYNGE, or pullynge of
fowlys. Expennacio, vel ex-
pennatus, deplumacio.
PLUM BE, of leed. Plumbum.
PLUMBE, of wryhtys or masonys
(plumme of carpentry e, or ma-
sonrye, K. p.)3 Perpendiculum,
C. F.
1 In the Master of the Game, Harl. MS. 5086, f. 47, v°, in the chapter on hare-
hunting, instructions are given in case the hunter " sethat the hare hathe be at pasture
in grene corne, or in eny other plek, and hys houndes fynde of hire." Pleck is given
by Cole, Ray, and Grose as a North-country word, signifying a place, and is likewise
noticed by Tim Bobbin. Ang.-Sax. plaec, platea.
2 " Plowe handell, manche. Plowe starte, manche. Ploughebeem, queve de la charrue,
mancheron." PALSG. " A ploghe handylle, stina." CATH. ANO. Compare STERT.
3 PLUMBE, or wryhtys, MS. Palsgrave makes the like distinction between the car-
406
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PLUMBE, of schypmen. Bolidis,
vel bolis, c. F.
PLUMBER, or plomere. Plum-
barius.
PLUMTRE. Prunus.
PLUNKET (coloure, K. p.)1 Ja-
cinctus.
(PODAGRE, or potacre, infra, seke-
nesse. Potagra.)
(PoD EL, or poyel, slothe, infra.
Lacuna.)
POETE. Poeta.
POETRYE. Poetria.
POYNTE. PunctUS, CATH. Vel
punctum, CATH.
POYNTE, of a scharpe toole (poynte
of egge, or, &c. s.) Cuspis,
mucro, pennum, CATH. et c. F.
PoYNTEL.2 Stilus, graphium,
CATH. vel graphius, CATH.
POYNTYD, or prykkyd. Punc-
tatus (punctus, P.)
penter's plumb-line, " rig let,1' and the mariner's lead, " plomb de sonde." The
plummet was used in ancient times as an instrument of torture, and also as a weapon.
It is said in the Golden Legend that " the Provost of Rome dyde so bete St. Urban wl
plummettes." Horman remarks that " Champyons smyte at eche other with plum-
met} of leed sowed in leather.'*
1 " Plonkete," or in another MS. " blunket," occurs in the Awntyrs of Arthure, and
is explained by Sir F. Madden as signifying a white stuff.
" Hir belte was of plonkete, withe birdis fulle baulde."
In Mr. Robson's edition " blenket." st. xxix. ; possibly the white stuff called in French
llanchet. " Ploncket colour, blev." PALSG. " Casius, graye of colour, or blunkette.
Scyricum, blonket colour, or light wachet. Veneius, lyghtblewe, or blunket." ELYOT.
" Couleurpers, skie colour, a blunket or light blue." COTG. The old Gloss on Spenser's
Sheph. Cal. May, explains it as signifying grey. See Nares, and Jamieson, v. Bloncat.
2 The poyntel, formed of metal, or other hard material, was used like the Roman
stilus for writing upon portable tablets, or writing-tables. It appears in the well-
known portraits of Chaucer, and is appended by a little lace to the lowest of three
buttons which serve to close the fent of the collar of his gown at the throat. Copies
of this interesting portrait are found in Roy. MS. 17, D. vi., f. 90, v° ; Harl. MS.
4866, f. 88 ; Lansd. MS. 851, and Add. MS. 5141. The, last has been taken as the
subject of a plate in Shaw's Dresses and Decorations. Chaucer describes the Limitour
in his progress, who preached and begged alms as he went, whilst his attendant was
furnished with
" A pair of tables all of ivory,
And a pointel ypolished fetisly,
And wrote alway the names, as he stood,
Of alle folk that yave hem any good." Sompn. Tale, v. 7324.
A beautiful ivory pointel, of the workmanship of the earlier part of the fourteenth cen-
tury, formerly in the Du Sommerard Collection, is preserved in theMuse'edes Thermes,
at Paris. It is stated in the Golden Legend that " a grefe (or greffe) is properly called
a pointell to wryte in tables of waxe." St. Felix was killed by his scholars therewith.
Horman, in his chapter on writing, mentions the various materials of which pointels
were formed: " Poyntillis of yron, and of siluer, bras, boone, or stoone, hauynge a
pynne at the ende, be put in theyr case (graphiario.)" " Poyntell or caracte, esplinyue
defer." PALSG. Bishop Kennett, in his Glossarial Collections, gives " Poitrel, a stile
or writing instrument, with one end sharp, and the other broad." Lansd. MS. 1033.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
407
POYNTYD, or peyntyd, or por-
trayed. Pictus.
POYNTON, or pawson, yn redynge.
Pauso.
POYNTON, or portrayyn (or
peyntyn, supra.} Pingo (de-
pingo, K.)
(POYNTYN, K. P. Plincto.)
POYNTYNGE, or prykkynge. Punc-
tacio (prisacio, s.)
POYNTYNGE, or pawsynge in re-
dynge. Punctuacio, pausacio.
POYNTYNGE, or portrayynge (or
peyntynge, supra.)1 Pictura.
POYNTOWRE, or peyntoure. Pic-
tor.
POYSE. Poema.
POYSONE. Intoxicum, mortife-
rum, venificum, c. F, virus.
POYSENYD. Intoxicatus, viru-
lentus, c. F.
POYSENYNGE. Intoxicacio.
POYS(N)YN, supra in impoysyn,
in I.2 (Intoxico.)
POOKE (or poket, or walette, in-
fra.) Sacculus.
POKKE, sekenesse. Porrigo, c. F.
et CATH. variolus, vel morbulus,
secundum medicos; cesia, UG.
v. in C. contagium, UG. v.
in L.
POKBROKYN'. Porriginosus.
POKET, idem quod POOK.
POL, or heed. Caput.
POL, of carpentrye (polere, or
carpentrye, s.)3 Capitellum.
POOL, or ponde of watyr.4 Stag-
num.
POOL, or ponde for fysche kep-
ynge. Vivarium, c. F. stagnum.
POLAYLE, bryddys, or fowlys (or
pullayly, infra.) Altilis, c. F.
POLAYLE, made fette. Altile, c. F.
POLAX. Bipennis.
POLBERE, corne, idem quod hasty-
bere.5 ( Trimensis . )
POLKAT, idem quod fulmere.6
POLE, longe rodde. Contus,per-
tica, c. F (contortus, P.)
PoLEYNE.7 Troclea, CATH. car-
chesia, CATH. trachea, CATH.
POLLYD, or .forcyd. Capitonsus.
1 Poyntynge, or portarynge, MS. portrayynge, s. portrayinge, p.
2 This word is placed in the MS. amongst the verbs between Poyelon (.vie, Popelon ?)
and Powderon. The word appears to have been misplaced ; the reference also is erro-
neously given in the MS. to the word impoysyn, instead of inpoysyon, or poysnyn, as
written in the MS. under the letter I. See p. 262.
3 This term seems here to designate the capital or head of a pillar, which in like
manner was called in French chef. In the Catholicon it is said that " capitella di-
cuntur que superponuntur columnis, quia columnarwn sunt capita, quasi super collum
caput ; que Grece dicuntur epistilia.""
4 POOLE, or poot, MS. ponde, K. s. P.
5 See the note on HASTY HERE, p. 228. This appears to have been a kind of barley
which ripened in the third mouth after it was sown, and thence, probably, called trimentsis.
6 PULKAT, MS. Polcat, see fulmarde, K.
7 The first of the Latin words here given is written in the MS. torclea ; the other
MSS. and Pynson's edition give troclea, but neither of these words is found in the
Catholicon, in which is given the following explanation : " a trochos dicitur trochea,
i. torcular ; vel rota modica super puteum •, vel illud quod apponitur malo navis, quia
habet rotulas per quas funes trahuntnr.'1' The Ortus gives " Troclea, a vvyndas or
pressoure, vel parva rota super puteum.'" The term pulley (Fr. poulie) is written by
CAMD. SOC. 3 G
408
PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM.
POLLYNGE. Capitonsio, capi-
tonsura.
PoLYPODYE,herbe.jP0^p0ffo'#, C.F.
POLKE (of watyr, K.) or pul yn a
watur (pulk water, H. police or
pulke water, p.)1 Vortex, c. F.
POLWYGLE, wyrme.2
POMEGARNET, triite. Pomum
granatum, vel malum grana-
tum.
POMEYS, or pomyce. Pomex,
c. F. (Jinga, P.)
POM EL, of a swerde, or knyfe.
Tolus, DICC. et c. F.
PONDE, idem quod pool, supra.
(Stagnum, vivarium, P.)
PONYAWNT. Acutus, ctcer.
PONYET, of a sleue (ponyed, p.)3
Premanica, mantus, c. F. (et
CATH. maricus, s.)
POOPE. Papa.
POPELERE, byrd (or schovelerd,
infra.)4 Populus.
POPLERE, or popultre. Populus.
Chaucer " polive," according to the reading which has been usually given. Squire's
Tale, v. 10,948. POLEYXE may possibly be taken from the diminutive poulion, a little
pulley. In Pynson's and the other editions the word is printed Poleyn. Palsgrave
gives " Pullayne, povllane."
1 Vertex, MS. vortex, p. " Vortex est revolutio aquarum." ORTUS.
" Ther was swilke dreping of the folk,
That on the feld was neuere a polk,
That it ne stod of blod so ful,
That the strem ran intil the hul." Havelok, v. 2685.
" Scrobs, idem qu. fossa, a deche or a polke." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 148, v°. Sir
Thomas Browne, in his account of fish taken on the coast of Norfolk, speaks of
congers, which, in frosty weather, upon the ebb of the tide, are left in " pulks and
plashes" on the Northern coast. The word is still used in Norfolk and Suffolk, and
signifies a hole full of mud, a shallow place containing water. See Forby and Moor.
Ray includes it amongst North-country words, and Jennings gives it as retained in
Somersetshire.
2 Sir Thomas Browne, in his Vulgar Errors, makes mention of " the Aquatile or
water-frog, whereof in ditches and standing plashes we may behold many millions every
spring in England," produced from spawn which becomes " that which the ancients
called Gyrinus, we a Porwigle, or Tadpole." B. iii. c. 13. Forby gives Purwiggy, a
ladpole, and polliwig, which he considers to be a corruption of the former word. Moor,
however, states that the tadpole is called a pollywiggle in Suffolk. The fishermen of the
Thames have given the name polewig to the spotted goby. Yarrell, i. 258. The tadpole
was also called in former times a poled, or pole-head. In the Latin-English Vocabu-
lary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 55, v°, occur under " Nomina vermium, JLumbricus,
Pole hede ; Rullus, (?) Polhed." Palsgrave gives "Poled, a yonge tode, cauesot.
Polet, the blacke thynge that a tode cometh of, cauesot,11 and cavesot is rendered by
.Cotgrave " a pole-head, or bull-head, the little black vermine whereof toads and frogs
do come.''
" Mantus, a myteyn, or a mantell." ORTUS. " A punjet, permanica " (sic.) CATH.
ANG. " Poygniet for ones sleues, poiy-net." PALSG. Matilda, wife of John de
Smeeton of York, tanner, bequeathed, A.D. 1402, " ij. flammeola de Cipres, et j.
lampas volet, et j. par de ponyets de scarlet." Testam. Ebor. i. 289. Compare CUFFE,
p. 106, and MYTEYNE, p. 340.
4 Sir Richard de Scrop, in 1400, bequeathed " aulam de poplers tentam, et leclum
inteyrum cum costcris de rubeo, cum poplers et armis meis broudatum:' Test. Ebor.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOHUM.
409
POPY, weed. Papaver, codia,
c. F. nigella, c. F. git.
POPYN, chylde of clowtys (or
moppe, supra.)1 Pupa, CATH.
POPYN IAY, byrd. P(s)itacus,
CATH.
POPUL TRE, idem quod poplere,
supra.
PORCHE. Porticus, UG. vestibu-
lum, c. F. et CATH.
PORCYONE. Porcio, quantitas.
PORE, hole yn a beestys flesche.
Porus.
PORE, nedy. Pauper, codrus
(indigens, s. p.)
PORE MANNE, or womann. Pau-
per, pauperculus, paupercula.
PORRE, or purre, potage (pese
potage, s.)2 Piseum, vel pisea,
CATH.
PORET, herbe (or leek, supra.)
Porrum, c. F. etin plur.porri,
CATH.
POORGYN, or clensyn. Pur go,
purifico.
PORYN IN. Infundo.
(PORYN OWT, K. Effundo.)
PORYNGE YN'. Infusio.
PORYNGE OWTE. Effusio.
POORK, flesche. Suilla, c. F.
POORK POYNT, beste (or perpoynt,
supra; porpeys, K. porpoynte,
s.) Histrix, CATH. et c. F.
POORT, of cowntenawnce. Gestus.
i. 276. This bird, as likewise the parrot, seems to have been a favourite ornament, in-
troduced on tapestry or embroidered works. It is again mentioned in the Inventory of
Sir John Fastolfe's effects, taken 1459, "Clothis of Arras, and of Tapstre warke.
Item, ij. clothis portrayed full of popelers ;" and again, in one of the bed -chambers,
" Item, j. hangyng clothe of Popelers." Archaeol. xxi., pp. 258, 264. It appears sub-
sequently that the POPELERE was considered by the compiler of the Promptorium to be
the same as the shoveler-duck, Anas clypeata, Linn. ; and it may be observed that in
medieval decorations such birds were not unfrequently represented, as appears by the
Caistor inventory, above cited, the vestments discovered at Durham, attributed to St.
Cuthbert, and the entry in the Bursar's accounts, given by Mr. Raine, respecting an
altar there, on " le rerdos " of which were depicted the eider-ducks, termed the birds
of St. Cuthbert.
1 Forby gives the words Poppin, a puppet, and poppin-shew, as still retained in use
in Norfolk. He supposes it to be derived from " Popin, spruce, neat, briske, prettie.1'
COTG. It may more properly, perhaps, be derived from poupon, a baby. " Popet for
childre to play with, povpee." PALSG.
2 " Porray, porreta, porrata.'1' CATH. ANG. This term implies generally pease
pottage, still called in French puree, and the treatises on ancient cookery contain
numerous recipes for its concoction. See the instructions of the chief master-cook of
Richard II., regarding " Perrey of pesone,'' Forme of Cury, p. 39, and the recipe for
" Blaunche perreye," Harl. MS. 279, f. 25. It has, however, other significations. In
the Canterbury MS. of the Medulla occurs " porrata, porrey," with this marginal ad-
dition, attributed to Somner, " gesoden wyrt mete." According to the Ortus it seems
to have denoted a pottage of leeks, "poratum est cibus de poris factus, Anglice por-
raye ; " and in a curious MS. at Middle Hill, formerly in the Heber Collection, 8336,
it appears that the dish called " rampaunt poree " was chiefly compounded of pears.
Poreta or poirata signify, according to Ducange, leek-pottage, and likewise the vege-
table called beet, in French poiree, or porree. It is related in the Golden Legend that
St. Bernard was so frugal that often he made pottage of holm leaves ; whereat a de-
moniac being brought to him, the evil spirit thus reviled the saint: "Thou eter of
porrette, wenest yu for to take me oute of my hous ? Nay, thou shalt not."
3 Histrix usually signifies an hedge-hog, as in the Ortus, "Histrix est animal
410
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
POORT, havene,»W«n quod havene,
supra.
PORT AGE, of berynge. Portagium,
latura, vectura.
POORT COLYCE. Antephalarica,
KYLW. secerniculum.
PORTEN AUNCE, of a thynge. Per-
tinencia, in plurali excidie.
PORTERE. Janitor, p or tar ius.
POORTOS, booke. Portiforium,
breviarium.
PORTOWRE. Portitor, portator,
gestor, calo, bajulus, c. F.
(PORTRAYYN, or peyntyn, or
poynton, supra. Pingo.)
PORTRATOWRE, OF pyctUl'6. Pic-
tura.
Pos, or depos (wed, H. P.)1 De-
positum.
POSE (or sneke, infra.)2 Catar-
rus, c. F. corisa, c. F.
POSSESSYONE. Possessio.
PosNET.3 Urdus, Dice, urciolus,
orca, CATH. (urcinus, P.)
Pos SON, or schowe forthe (pocyn,
K. pressyn, or showen, P.) Pello.
POSSON, presson, or schowe to-
gedur. Trudo, c. F.
POSSOT. Balducta, CATH. (ef-
frotum, UG. s.)
POOST, of an howse. Postis.
POSTERNE, jate. Posticum, c. F.
cow.M.posterula,postica, CATH.
et c. F. posticus, COMM.
spinosum, an vrchen." Palsgrave gives " Porkepyn, abeest,j»orc espin." The porcupine
appears to have been known in England at an early period : it is described by the ap-
pellation strix in the account of the park formed at Woodstock by Henry I., as given
by Will. Malms, lib. v. p. 161. He speaks of it as a native of Africa, and states that
it was sent to the King by " Willielmo de monte Pislerio." Stowe mentions also the
" porpentines," and divers strange beasts which were sent from far countries, and pre-
served in the royal park at Woodstock. In the original edition of Hamlet this animal
is termed a " porpentine," and the name occurs likewise in Machyn's Diary, 1552,
edited for the Camden Society by Mr. John Gough Nichols, p. 31, where the crest of Sir
W. Sidney is said to have been a "porpentyn."
1 See Jamieson, v. Pose.
2 In Norfolk a cold in the head is still, according to Forby, called a pose. This
word is used by Chaucer, Cant. T. v. 4150, 17,011. The following remedy for a rheum
is given in a manual of miscellaneous collections, Add. MS. 12,195 : " For the pose :
Take srnale note kernelys, and roost hem, and etc hem with a lytyl powder of peper
whane thou gost to bedde." Andrew Boorde says, in the Breviary of Health, " Coriza
— in English it is named the pose, or reume, stopping or opilating the nosethrilles that
a man can not smell," c. 91 ; and again, c. 306, " of the pose or snyke : Rupia is the
Latin word. In English it is named the pose." " be pose, brancus, caterrus, coriza.1"
CATH. ANG. " Coriza est morbus narium, i. e. prefocatio, Anylice the pose. Ca-
tarrus est fluxus reumatis jugis ex naribus, the pose." ORTUS. " Pose in the nose,
rime. Pose dysease, caterre. You have caught ye pose, me thynke, you be so horce.
Sneke pose, rime. Ryme, the reume of the heed, rime.''1 PALSG. " The pose, or
rheum, or sickness in the head, coriza, gravedo, catarrhus. That hath or causeth the
murr, or pose, yravedinosus." GOULDM. " Rheume, a catharre, pose, mur." COTG.
See Nares. Ang.-Sax. Depose, gravedo, dolor capitis.
3 " A posnett, orca, orcicula, urcew." CATH. ANG. " Aenulum, a posnet." ORTUS.
" Posnet, a lytell potte.1' PALSG. " Casole, a posnet." COTG. This term is thus used
by Herman, " Seth this in a possenet (anxilla) by hymself." Grose explained it as
denoting a small iron pot with a handle on the side, and in the Craven Dialect it sig-
nifies a boiler. See Nares and Jamieson.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
411
POSTYME, sekenesse. Apostema.
POTTE. Olla, urna, orca.
POTACRE, or podagre, sekenesse.
Potagra.
POTACRE, manne, or woman. Po-
tagricus, COMM.
POTTARE. Ollariusy c.v.figulus.
POTTARYS ERTHE. Argilla, BRIT.
POTEL, mesure. Potellus, vel po-
tellum, laguncula, CATH.
POTENT, or crotche.1 Podium, c. F.
POTSPONE, or ladyl. Concus, Dice.
coclear, c. F.
POWCE, veyne. Pulsus.
POWCHE. Marsupium.
POWDYR. Pulvis.
POWDERYD, wythe powder. Pul-
verizatus.
POWDERYD, wythe salte. Salitus.
POWDERON. Condio, CATH.
POWDERYNGE, wythe powder.
Pulverisacio.
POWER, or strengthe (strenky]>, s.)
Potestas, robur, fortitude,
nisus, vigor.
POWERE, of auctoryte. Auctorilas,
jurisdictio.
POVERTE. Paupertas,pauperies.
POVERTE, and nede. Penuria,
egestas (indigencia, inedia, in-
opia, P.)
POWLE, propyr name. Paulus.
POWNE, of the chesse. Pedinus.
POWNDE, of wyghte. Libra.
POWPE, holstykke (hole styke, s.)3
Cdpulus, c. F. (copulus, s. cau-
pulus, P.)
POYEL, slothe, or podel (pothel,
H.) Lacuna.
POYELON, or pothelyn, orgrubbyn
yn the erthe. Podito, CATH.
fodio.
POWNSON (poyntyn, K. p.) Puncto.
PRAY. Preda.
PRAYEL (pray3el, H. prayyle, s.
praysell, p.)4 Pratellus.
PRANE, fysche. Stingus.
PRANK YD, as clothys.5 Plicatus.
PRANK YNGE. Plicacio.
PRANK, of prankynge. Plica,
plicatura.
PRATY. Elegans^formosus, ele-
gantulus,formulosus.
" Potence, a gibbit ; also a crutch for a lame man." COTG. See Ducange, v. Po-
tentia. Chaucer termed the "tipped staf," carried by the itinerant Limitour, a
"potent." Sompnoure's Tale, 7358. Compare R. of Rose, 368, 7417; Vision of P.
Ploughman, 5092.
2 Palsgrave gives " Poumper frute," without any French word. Parkinson describes
the " Pomipyrus, the pome-peare, or apple-peare, which is a small peare, but round at
both ends like an apple." Compare PEERE APPLE, pirumpomum, above, p. 394.
3 A pop-gun. Campulus, or caupulus, properly signifies a small boat, formed of a
hollow tree, " caupilliis, lignum cavatum, quasi cyrnba,'' according to Papias. See
Ducange. " Poupe for a chylde, Povpee." PALSG.
4 A little meadow, from the old French praiel. Caxton says, in the Boke for Tra-
vellers, "Rolande the handwerker shall make ray pryelle (jprayel, Fr.) an hegge
aboute."
5 Palsgrave gives the verb <( I pranke one's gowne, I set the plyghtes in order, ie
mets le plies dune robe a poynt. Se yonder olde man his gowne is pranked as if he
were but a yonge man." Compare Germ. Prangen, ornatum arrogantius osten-
dere, Wacht. ; Belg. Pronken. Spenser speaks of some who " prancke their ruffes."
Pranked signifies, in Hampshire, dressed out finely, and to prenk, in the Craven
Dialect, is to dress in a showy manner.
412
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PRAWNCYNGE, orskyppynge. Sa-
litus (saltus, s. P.)
PRECYN IN (prencyn or precyn,
w.) Ingero.
PRECHYN. Predico, evangelizo.
PRECHYNGE. Predicacio.
PRECHOWRE. Predicator.
PRECYOWS. Preciosus.
PRECIOWSNESSE (or preciowste,
p.) Preciositas.
PRECIOWS STONE. Gemma, c AT H.
vel lapis preciosus.
PREEF, or proof of a thynge.
Probacio (temptacio, p.)
PREEF, or a-say(y)nge. Excvmi-
nacio.1
PREY A RE, or he that preyythe.
Orator^ exorator, deprecator,
oratrix, etc.
PREYYD. Deprecatus, oratus, ex-
oratus.
PREYERE. Oracio, supplicacio,
deprecacio, exorado.
PREYYN, or besekyn (preyyn, or
preyjyn, H. preyen or preysen,
p.) Oro, supplicO) exoro, in-
tercedo, obsecro.
PREYS ABLE, or commendable.
Laudabilis, commendabilis.
PREYSYD. Laudatus, commen-
datus.
PREYSYN. Commendo, laudo.
PREYSYNGE. Laus, laudacio, pre-
conium (commendacio, P.)
PRELATE. Prelatus, prelata.
PREMOSTER, why3te chanon (Pre-
monster, H. p.) Premonstrensis.
PREENTE (prend, K. preynt, s.)
Effigies, impressio (signacu-
lum, P.)
PRENTYCE. Apprenticius.
PREENTYN. Inprimo (infigo, P.)
FREES, or thronge. Pressura.
PRESAWNTE, jyfte. Encennium,
nefrendicium, CATH. excen-
nium, KYLW.
PRESSE, or pyle of clothe. Pan-
niplicium, pressorium, CATH.
involucrum.
PRESSE, for grapys, or o]>er lyke.
(presse of lycoure, P.) Tor-
cular, prelum, c. F.pressorium,
CATH.
PRESEDENT. Presidens (prece-
dens, P.)
PRESENT, or now yn thys place,
or tyme. Presens.
PRESENTYN. Presento.
PRESSYN. Premo, comprimo,
presso, CATH.
PRESSE DOWNE. Deprimo, re-
primo.
PRESSYNGE. Compressio.
FREES TE. Sacerdos, presliter,
capellanus.
PREESTHOOD. Presliteratus (sa-
cerdocium, p.)
PRESUMPTUOWSE, or bolde, or
malapert (ouer bolde, p.) Pre-
sumptuosus.
(PRESUMPTUOWSNES, K. Pre-
sumptuositas.)
PRESSURE, idem quod presse.
PREVYN, or provyii. Probo.
PREVYN, or a-sayyn. Examino,
tempto, attempto.
PREVYN, or chevy n, supra in C.
chevyn (prevyn, or shewyn,
supra in cheryn, s.)2
PREVYNGE. Probacio.
1 Exaraco, MS. Compare the verb PREVYN, examino.
2 Compare PROVYN, or chevyn, prosperor: PROW, or profyte. See also the note on
CHEVYN, or thryvyn, viyeo, p. 73. See Forby, v. Prove.
.PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
413
PRYCE. Precium.
(PRICYNGE, K. prisinge, p. Lici-
tacio.)
PRYDE. Superbia, fastus, elacio,
ambicio.
PRYDYN, or wax prowde. Su-
per bio.
PRYK, or prykyl (prykkar, s.)
Stimulus, stiga, CATH.
PRYKKE, merke. Meta.
PRYKE, or pynne. Spintrum, vel
spinter, cavilla.
PRYKKE, for pakkys. Broccus,
UG. in bromus.
PRYKARE, of hors. Cursitdtor.
PRYKYL (or tyynde, infra.) Sti-
mulus, aculeus ; idem quodpryk.
PRYKET, beest (prik, s.) Ca-
priolus.
PRYKET, of a candylstykke, or
other lyke (pryket of a candell
weyke, p.)1 Stiga, CATH.
(faga, P.)
PRYKYN hors. Cursito.
PRYKKYN wythe a prykke, or a
scharpe thynge, as bokys
(prykkyn with a prekyl, H.)
Pungo, CATH. stimulo.
(PRYKKYN, or poynten, H. p.
Puncto.)
(PRIKKYN, or punchyn, as men
do}> beestis, s. Pungo.)
PRYKYNGE, of hors. Cursitacio.
PRYKKYNGE. Punctio, stimu-
lacio, punctura.
PRYLLE, or whyrlegygge, as chyl-
derys pley (or spylkok, infra:
prille of chyldrys pleyynge, K.
whyrgyg, s.)2 Giraculum, CATH.
PRYME. Prima.
PRYMERE. Primarius.
PRYMEROSE. Primula, calen-
dula, ligustrum, CATH.
PRYNCE. Princeps.
PRYNCE, of prestys. Arabarcus,
in Historid Scolasticd ha-
betur.
PRYYNCESSE. Prindpissa.
PRYNCYPAL. Principalis, pre-
cipuus.
PRiNCYPALY.3 Principaliter.
PRINCYPALYTE. Principalitas.
PRYOWRE. Prior.
PRYOWRESSE. Priorissa.
PRIOWRY (prioryte, P.) Ptio-
ratus (prioritas, P.)
PRYSARE, or settar at price, yn a
merket, or oj>er placys. Me-
taxarius, c. F., lici(t)ator, tax-
ator, CATH.
1 Candlesticks in ancient times were not fashioned with nozzles, but with long spikes
or prykets. Representations of such candlesticks are given in Archseologia, xiv. 279,
xv. 402, xxiii. 317, xxviii. 441, Didron's Ann. Archdol. tome Hi., and Shaw's Dresses
and Decorations. In the description of the supper, in the Awntyrs of Arthure,
" preketes, and broketes, and standertis " are mentioned, placed at intervals on the
table ; brochettes being tapers fixed, in the same manner as prykets, upon a broche,
or spike. In the Memoriale of Henry prior of Canterbury, A.D. 1285, the term
"prikett" denotes not the candlestick, but the candle, formed with a corresponding
cavity at one end, whereby it was securely fixed upon the spike. Cott. MS. Galba,
E. iv. f. 45. See the note on CHAWNDELERE, p. 71, where "preketes" are men-
tioned amongst various kinds of candles.
2 " Giraculum, Any/ice a chyldes whyrle, or a hurre, cum quo pucri ludunt." ORTUS.
In the Medulla, Harl. MS. 2257, it is rendered " a pirlle."
3 This, and a few other words, written, as likewise the corresponding Latin terms,
with the contraction p' — , are printed here in extenso, in accordance with the usual
414
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PRYSYN, or settyn a pryce.1
Taxo, metaxo, CATH. licitor,
c. F. et UG. in taxo.
PRYSYNGE. Li(ctyatio, CATH.
PRYSON (or presvn, H. p.) Car-
eer, ergastulum.
PRYSON, or put yn pry son (pry-
sonyn, K.) Incarcero.
PRYSONERE (or presonere, H. P.)
Jncarceratus, incarcerata,
priso, secundum Latinum An-
glicanum.
PRYSONER, takyn, and yeldyn yn
warre. Daticius, c. F. (cap-
tivus, P.)
PRYSONER,takyn be stronge hande,
nott yolde wylfully. Manceps,
c. F. et CATH. captivus.
PRYVY CHAWMYR (chambyr, s.)
Conclave.
PRYVY, or gonge (or kocay,
supra?) Latrina, cloaca, ypo-
dromium, CATH. et c. F,
PRIVY HATE, yn mannys hert.2
Mistrum, c. F. et UG. in mistis.
PRYVY, nowt knowyn (priuy, hid,
K.) Occultus, secret us.
PRYVY, yn vnderstondynge. Mis-
ticus, archanus.
PRIVYD, or deprivyd. Privatus,
orbatus, c. F.
PRYVYN, or depryvyn. Privo,
orbo, c. F.
PRJVYNGE. Privacio.
PRYVYLEGE. Privilegium.
PRYVYLY. Secrete, occulte, clan-
culo, private, clam,.
PRYVYTE. Misterium, secretum,
archanum.
PROBLEME, or rydel. Problema,
enigma, c. F.
PROCESSE, yn cawse. Processus.
PROCESSYONAL, or pr(oc)essyo-
nare.
PROCESSYONE. Processio.
PROCURYN. Procuro.
PROOF, idem quod preef, supra.
PROFYCYE. Prophecia.
PROFECYED. Prophetatus.
PROFERYN. Offero.
PROFESSYD. Professus.
PROFESSYON. Professio.
PROPHETE. Propheta, videns.
PROFYTABLE. Utilis, proficuus,
commodus, CATH.
PROFYTE (or prow, infra, profy-
teth, p.) Prqfectus, commodum,
emolumentum, commoditas.
PROFYTYN. Proficio, prosum.
PROFUR. Oblacio.
PROKECYE. Procuracia.
PROKETOWRE (prokeratour, K.)
Procurator.
PROKYRMENT. Procuracio.
PROKKYN, or styfly askyn.3 Pro-
car t procito, CATH.
power of that contraction. In no case, however, in the Harl. MS., where a word is not
contracted, has the scribe written Pri — , but invariably Pry.
1 "I prise ware, I sette a price of a thyng what it is worthe, Te aprixe. Medyll of
yl you haue to do, and prise nat my ware." PALSG. " Prisier : estimer, en las Lat.
prisare." ROQUEF. In the Epitaph on Philip Marner, who died 1587, and was buried
at Northleach, this verb is used in the sense of to reward.
" In lent by wyll a sermon he divised,
And yerely precher with a noble prised."
2 PRIVY LATE, MS. Preuyhate, p.
3 Skinner gives the verb " to Prog, a Lat. procurare," and the word has been
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
415
PROLLYN, as ratchys (or purlyu',
infra.)* Scrutor.
PROLLYNGE, or sekynge. Perscru-
tacio, investigation scrutinium.
PROMOCYONE, or fortberynge in
worshyppe, or goodys (in wor-
shyp of godenesse, s.) Pro-
mo c io.
PROMPTARE, or he bat promp-
tythe (promptowre, or promptar,
p.) Promptator.
PROM(P)TYD. Promptus, CATH.
PROMPTYN'. Promo, CATH. in-
censo, insumo.
(PROMPTYNGE, K. p. Promptus.)
PRONGED Erumpna.
PROPPE, longe (staffe, s.) Contus,
CATH.
PROPORCYONE. Proporcio.
PROPORCYONYD. Propordonatus.
PROPYR, or prati. Elegans.
PRO PURL Y. Eleganter, decenter,
formose.
PROPUR, owne. Proprius.
PROPURTE. Proprietas.
PROW,S idem quod profyte.
PROWDE. Superbus, elatus, (pom-
posus, P.)
PROWDELY. Superbe.
PROWDE, in cuntenaunce, and
chere. Pomposus.
PROUENDER, benefet (provendyr,
benyfice, K. prebend, benfyce, s.
probender,benfice, p.) Prebendct.
PROUENDER, for hors. Migma,
avenci) (probendum, P.)
PROVERBS. Proverbium.
PROVYN, or chevyfT. Prosperor,
(vigeo, K.)
PROVYN', or a-sayyn', idem quod
prevyn, supra.
PROVYNCE. Provincia.
PROVOKYN', or steryii' to good, or
badde. Provoco.
(PTROT, skornefulle word, or trut,
infra. Vath.y
explained by lexicographers as signifying to beg, and to steal. In the dialect of East
Anglia at the present time to prog signifies to pry or poke into holes and corners, and
Grose explains it as implying to hunt for provision, to forage. See Nares and Richardson.
1 " I prolle, I go here and there to seke a thyng, ie tracasse. Prolyng for a pro-
mocyon, ambition." PALSG. Horman says, " The nose is well sette ouer the mouthe,
for he is a good proller (lecator") for the bely." A ratche is a hound that hunts by scent,
" odorinsecus, quasi odorem sequens."" See RATCHE, hereafter, p. 422.
2 Compare THRO WE, womannys pronge, hereafter. " Prongge, proprete." PALSG.
3 This word is derived from the old French prou, which signified, according to Ro-
quefort, grain, profit, prqfectus. It does not appear to have been retained in the East
Anglian dialect. Margaret Paston, writing to her son, Sir John Paston, in 1475, com-
plained of the distress occasioned by the exorbitant demands of Edward IV., and the
low price of grain in consequence ; " I can nor sell corne nor catell to no good preue,
malt is her but at xd. a comb ; wheete, a comb, xxviijrf. ; ootes, a comb, xd." It is
said in the Boke of Curtesye,
" Loke the more worthier than thou
Wasshe afore the, and that is thy prowe (et cela est tonpreu)."
See Robert Glouc., P. Langtoft, p. 278 ; Ipomedori, v. 51, and 588; Cant. Tales,
v. 12,234, and 13,338.
4 Raca, ptrupt, or fye ! Vat h, interjeccio gaudentis, ut habetur Isai. xliv., et inter -
jectio derisionis vel increpacionis, ut habetur Matt, xxvij., Twort!" MED. MS. CANT.
Palsgrave observes, in his enumeration of interjections, " Some be interiections of in-
dignacion, trut, as trut anant, trut /" " Trut, an interjection importing indignation,
CAMD. SOC. 3 H
416
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PUDDYNGE. Fartum, omasus,
CATH.
PUL, or dra3te (drawjt, s )
Tractus.
PULLAYLY, or pullay (pullery, K.
pullay ly, or pullay le, s.)1 Al-
tile, CATH. volatile, c. F.
PULCHON'. Polio, CATH.
PULLYN', or drawyfi' (plvkken,
H. P.) Traho.
PULLYNGE, or drawynge Traccio,
tractus.
PULLYNGE, or plukkynge of fowle.
Deplumacio, expennacio,
(PULKE, supra in polke, p.)
PULPYTTE. Pulpitum.
PULTE, yonge hen. Gallinella,
CATH.
PULTER. Avigerulus, CATH. gal-
linarius (poletarius, K.)
PULTRYE. Gallinaria.
PUMPE of a schyppe, or oj>er lyke.
Hauritorium, CATH.
PUNCHYN, idem quod prykkyn',
supra.
PUNCHYN', or bunchyn'. Trudo,
tundo, impello.
PUNCHYN', or chastysyn' (pu-
nysshen, p.) Punio, castigo.
PUNCHYNGE, or bu(n)chynge
(prykkynge, s.) Stimulacio,
trusio.
PUNCHYNGE (punysshinge, P.)
Punicio.
PUNCHON'. Stimulus, punctorium,
KYLW.
PuNDER.2 Librilla, c. F.
PUPLE (pupyll, or people, P.)
Populus, plebs, gens, vulgus.
PURBLYNDE. LuSCUS, C. F.
PURCATORYE, or purgatorye.
Purgatorium.
PURCHASE. Adquisicio.
PURCHASYD. Adquisitus.
PURCHASYN'. Adquiro.
PURCHASOWRE. Adquisitor, ad-
quisitrix.
PURCY, in wynd drawynge. Car-
diacus, CATH. 3
PURCYVAWNTE (purciwant, K.)
PURFYLE of a clothe (purfoyl,
H. p.)4 Limbus, c. F. hora-
rium (urla, s.)
PURGACYON. Purgacio.
tush, tut, fy man. Ti'ut avant, a fig's end, no such matter, you are much deceived ;
also, on afore for shame." COTG.
1 Compare POLAYLE, p. 407. Altile, according to the Catholicon, denotes any do-
mestic animal, swine or fowl, fattened for food. The word is of French derivation,
poillaille signifying, according to Roquefort, volatile, pullaslra. Palsgrave gives
" Pullayne, povllane, poullayle." Poultry are called pullen by Tusser, and the word
is retained in the Northern and Suffolk dialects. See Nares and Moor. Gerarde
observes that in Cheshire they sow buck wheat " for their cattell, pullen, and such like."
2 " Librilla est baculus cum corriyia plumbala, ad librandum carries." ORTUS, from
CATH. Forby gives the verb, as still used in Norfolk, to " Punder, to be exactly on an
equipoise."
3 Pursy, cardeacus, cardiacus, a pursynes, cardia, cardiaca." CATH. ANG. " Pur-
cyf, shorte wynded, or stuffed aboute the stomacke, pourcif." PALSG. " Poussif,
pursie, short winded." COTG.
4 " Purfyll or hemme of a gowne, bort." PALSG. Horman says, " The purful (srg~
mentum} of the garment is to narowe." Tyrwhitt observes that purfiled is derived t'fom
the Fr. pourfiler, which properly signifies to work upon the edge. Note on Cant. T.
v. 193. See Vision of P. P. v. 896, 2313, 2523; Hall's Chron. 25 Hen. VIII.
Although purfle properly denoted the embroidered or furred margin of the dress, it
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
417
PURYFYYN, clensyn,or make clene.
Puriftco.
PURLYN', idem quod prollyn',
supra.
PURLONGYN, or prolongyii', or put
fer a-wey. Prolongo, alieno.
PURPEYS, fysche. Poca, c. F.
vitula marina, suillus, c. F.
PUR-POYNT, bed hyllynge. Pul-
vinarium, plumea, C.F. culdtra
punclata, KYLW. COMM. et
NECC. (plumarium, K. s. p.)
PURPOS. Propositum, industria.
PURPOSYN. Propono.
PURPLYS, sorys.1 Morbuli pur-
purei dicuntur.
PURPUL. Purpura, CATH.
PURS, or burs. Bursa, loculus,
crumena, c F. in cruma.
PURSKERUARE (purswerkere, s.)
Bursida.
PURSLANE, herbe. Portulaca,
PURSUYN', ynliarme. Prosequor,
PURSUYN', or folowyn'. Sequor.
PURVEYD. Provisus.
PURVEYYN'. Provideo, procuro.
PURVYANCE. Providencia.
PURVIOWRE. Provisor, procu-
rator.
PUT, or leyde. Positus, collocatus.
PUT (TO-)GEDYR, and onyd.
Continuus.
PUT TO-GEDER, but not onyd.
Contiguus.
PUTTYN', or leyyn'. Pono, col-
loco.
PUTTYN AFTYR. PostpOHO.
PUTTYN A-FORNE. Prepono.
PUTTYN A-WEY. Depono, ex-
petto, depello.
PUTTYN OWTE, or a-wey. Eruo.
PUTTYN A-WEY, or refusyn'. Pe-
pudio, rcfuto.
PUTT FORTHE, as a manne dothe
hys hand, or other lyke. Por-
rigo, extendo, CATH.
PUTT TO a thynge. Appono.
PUTTYN a thynge to syllyn' (sel-
lynge, H. p.) Licitor, c. F.
(PUTTYN, or schowwyn', infra?
Impello, trudo, pello.}
PUTTYNGE TO-GEDER, yn onynge.
Continuacio.
PUTTYNGE TO-GEDER, wythe-owt
onynge. Contiguacio.
seems sometimes to have had a more extended signification, garments overlaid with
gems or other ornaments being termed by Chaucer and other writers, purlled. " Pour-
filer d'or, to purfle, tinsell, or overcast with gold thread, &c. Pourfileure, purfling ; a
purfling lace or work ; bodkin-work ; tinselling." COTG. See Forby, v. Purle.
1 A purpylle, papula." CATH, ANG. " Pourpre, the Purples, or a pestilent ague
which raises on the body certain red or purple spots.-' COTG.
2 To put, or push, as with the head or horns, a verb still in use in Yorkshire, has
been derived from Fr. bouter, to butt. Robert Brunne uses it in this sense, App. to
Pref. cxciv. See Jamieson. " To putte, pellere." CATH. ANG. To put signifies also
to cast, as in Havelok : see Sir Frederick Madden's Glossary, and notes, p. 192 ; Sir
Isumbras, v. 606, where the favourite sport of pitching stones is mentioned, of which
Fitz Stephen speaks, as an exercise in which the citizens of London delighted. See also
Langt. Chron. p. 26 ; Octovian, v. 895 ; and Jamieson. Marshall, in the Rural Eco-
nomy of Norfolk, gives amongst dialectical expressions the verb to put, to stumble, as
a horse, but it is not noticed by Forby or Moor.
418
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
PUTTYNGE, or leyynge. Posicio,
collucacio.
PUTTYNGE, or schowynge. Pulsus.
PUTTOK, bryd. Milvus.
QUADRANT. Quadrans.
QuAYER.1 Quaternus.
QUAYLE, byrde. Quistula, qualia,
CATH. et UG. v. in Q.
QUAYLYD, as mylke, and ober
lyke. Coagulatus.
QVAYLYN, as mylke, and other
lycowre.2 Coagulo.
QUAYLYNGE, of lycoure. Coagu-
lacio.
QUAKYN. Tremo, contremo, tre-
pido.
QUA K YN GE. Tremor.
QUAKYNGE, for colde. Frigutus.
QUALE, fysclie (or whale, infra;
qwal, H. P.) Cetus.
QUANTE, or sprete, rodde (or
whaiite, infract Contus.
QUANTYTE. Quantitas.
1 It may deserve notice that in old parlance, a quire, which properly denoted ahundle
of paper, comprising a certain number of sheets, frequently was used to signify any
similar bundle of sheets, or unbound volume. Chaucer, in the Envoy of his Praise of
Women, bids his " little quaire" go to his heart's sovereign. Thus also the Poetical
Lament written by James I. of Scots, during his detention in England, was called
"the King's Quair." Hornian remarks that " boughtes, whether they be hole, or
hoked, set to gether in order, chart ee complicate, seujustae, sen unce-(? uncatce,) make
a quayre. Though there be fewar or mo bought3 in a quayr yet it is com'only called a
quayre." In inventories, wills, and other similar documents, any book in sheets is com-
monly termed a quire; thus " Ion of Croxton,"of York, bequeaths, in 1393, " a quayer
of Emunde Mirrour in ynglysch." Test. Ebor. i. 185. Transcribers usually reckoned
their work by quires, and numbered the yuaterni, as it proceeded. In the Paston
Correspondence mention is made, in a letter written about 1465, of a scribe who had
copied the Chronicle of Jerusalem, and the valiant acts of Sir John Fastolf, and esti-
mated his labour, stating that " it drow more yan xxx. wha3erys off paper." Vol. iv.
78. The word quire has been usually derived from the old Fr. quayer, cahier ; or by
some from quarreau, a square. Compare Isl. kwer, libellus, codicillus, unico perga-
meno conscriptus. Forby observes that a quire of paper is called in Norfolk a quaire.
In the Issue Roll of the Exch. A.D. 1422, 9 Henry V., a payment of £3. 6s. is recorded,
for 66 great " quaternes" of calf skins, purchased by John Heth, Clerk of the Privy
Seal, to write a Bible thereon for the King's use. "Quayre of paper, une main de
papier.1' PALSG.
2 To quail still signifies, in the dialect of East Anglia, to curdle, according to Forby
and Moor. In Harl. MS. 5401, f. 192, the following direction is given, " For qualing
of mylk— cast >erto a letil flour, and styre it wele." In a collection of recipes in Sir
Thomas Phillipps' possession (MS. Heber, 8 1 86) a caution occurs regarding the use of
spices ; " A lessone, lerne hit well : to all potage put all maner of spyces to the sethynge,
safe gynger, for he wol quayle the potage for certayne." See other examples of the use
of this word in the Forme of Cury, p. 73, and the Account of the Tnthronization of
Abp. Nevill, Leland Coll. vi. 11. Ital. " Quagliare, to curd, or congeale as milke
doth." FLORID. " I quayle, as mylke dotthe, ie quaillebotte." PALSG.
3 QUANTE of sprete, redde, MS. Forby gives Quont, a pole to push a boat onwards,
in the Vocabulary of East Anglia. See WHANTE, hereafter. In Kent a walking stick
is termed a quant, and in East Sussex the word is used in the same signification as given
by Forby.
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
419
QUAREL, or querel, or pleynt.1
Querela.
QUAREL, arowe. Quadrellum.
QUARERE, or quarere of stone
(quarer, K. quar, s. quarry e, P.)
Lapidicina, CATH. sax if r a-
gium, KYLW. lapifodina, CATH.
QUARRY, thykk mann, or womann
(quarey, s.)2 Corpulentus,
grossus.
QUARYERE. JLapidicidius, lapidi-
cida, CATH.
QUART, mesure. Quarta.
QUARTEYNE, fevyr. Quartana,
quartella, KYLW.
QUARTENARE, or J>at hathe be
quarteyne. Quartenarius.
QUARTER, be fowrte parte.
Quarta.
QUARTERS, of come, or ober
lyke. Quarterium.
QUARTLE (quarteryd, s,) Qua-
dripartitus.
QUASCHYD. Quassatus.
QVASCHYN, or brysyn (or crusch-
yn, supra.} Briso, quasso.
QVASCHYN, or daschyn', or for-
don. Quasso, casso, CATH.
QUASCHYNGE. Quassacio.
(QwAT. or what, infra. Quod.)
QUAVE, of a myre (quaue, as of a
myre, K. p.)a Labina, c. F.
QVAVYN, as myre. Tremo, etc.
ut supra.
(QWEYMOWS, infra in skeymowse,
or svfeywov?s.Abfiominativus,s.)
QVELLYN, or querkyn (qverlyn,
or qverkyn, s.)4 Suffoco.
1 "A quarelle, querela, etc. ubi a plante." CATH. ANG. In the Golden Legend a
relation is given of a certain knight, who made annual pilgrimage to the shrine of St.
Mary Magdalen, and having been slain accidentally, "as his frendes wepte for hym
lyenge on the byere they sayd with swete and deuoute querelles, which suffred her
deuoute seruant to deye without confessyon and penaunce."
- Robert of Gloucester says that Robert Curthose was so named on account of his
stature, " vor he was somdel schort."
" }>ycke man he was ynou, bote he nas no}t wel long :
Quarry he was, and wel ymade vorto be strong." P. 412.
Horman speaks of " a quarry and well pyght man, homo statura corporis quadratd."
" Quarry, fatte bodyed, or great, corpulent." PALSG. " A quarry or fat man, obesus."
GOULDM. In the Dialect of East Anglia quaddy has the like signification, according to
Forby. In Rich. Coeur de Lion the epithet is applied to a lance — " a long schafft
stout and quarrey." v. 493. In the Seuyn Sages a large hall is described as "quaire."
3 Horman, in his chapter de re edificatorid, observes that "a quauery or a maris,
and unstable foundacion must be holpe with great pylys of alder rammed downe, and
with a frame of tymbre called a crossaundre (fstucd}." In Caxton's Mirrour of the
World, part ii. c. 22, it is said, " understande ye — how the erthe quaueth and shaketh,
that somme peple calle an erthe quaue, by cause they fele ther the meue and quave vnder
their feet." "Quaue myre, foundriere, crouliere." PALSG. Forby gives Quavery-
mavery, undecided, hesitating how to decide.
4 To quell, as used by the old writers, signifies to destroy life in any manner, although
here apparently taken in the sense of stifling. Minot, speaking of the Corny n, says
that " in haly kirk thai did him qwell." Chaucer, describing a farm yard attacked by
a fox, says, " the dokes crieden as men wold hem quelle." Cant. T. v. 15,396. Ang.-
Sax. cwellan, trucidare.
420
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(QWELMEN, supra in ovyr qwel-
myn, et infra in turnon.)
(QWEMYD, or peesyd, supra. Pa-
catus.}
QVEMYN, or plesyii (pesyn,
K. s. p.)1 Pacifico, placo,
paco.
(QWEMYNGE, or peesynge, supra.
Pacificacio.}
QUENCE, frute. Coctonum, sci-
toninm, c. r. (niconia, P.)
QUENCETREE. CoctonUS.
QVENTYSE, or sleythe (qveyntesvr
qveyntyze, sleyhte, H. quentysur'
quentyze, sleight, p.) Astucia,
calliditas, (cautela, P.)
QUEYNTYSE, yn gay florysschynge,
or ober lyke. Virilia, KYLW.
et UG. v. francista, KYLW.
QVENE. Regina.
QUEN, womann of lytylle price.*
Carisia, KYLW. et c. F.
(QWENCHYD, as candy lie, or
lyghte, idem quod owt, supra.
Extinctus.}
QUENCH YN. Extinguo.
QUERDLYNGE, appulle. Dura-
cenum, KYLW.
QUEERE. Chorus.
QVEREL, pleynte. Querela.
QUERYSTER. Chorista, chorica-
nus, CATH. choricista, pari-
phonista, COMM.
QUERKENYD.3 SuffocatUS.
QUERKENYNGE. SujfocaClO.
QUERKYN, idem quod quellyn.
QUERNE. Mola manualis, c. F.
trapeta, c. F. COMM.
(QWERT, or whert, infra.4 In-
columis, sanus, sospes.}
QUEST E. Duodena.
QUESTYONE. Questio.
QUEYM, or be-qvethyn (quethyn,
K. p. queyin, or be-quevyn, s.)
Lego.
QUEYEWORDE (qvethe worde, K.
1 To queme, Ang.-Sax. cweman, placere, is commonly used by Langtoft, Chaucer,
Gower, Spenser, and other writers. Chaucer uses also the verb to misqueme, to dis-
please. In the Wicliffite version quemeful occurs in the sense of pleasing. In the
curate's instructions to his flock, according to the directions given in the Flos Florum,
Burney MS. 356, f. 82, the following passage occurs, in reference to the third petition
of the Lord's Prayer. " Here whe byddeb J>at as angeles and holy saules quemeth God
in heuene, pat whe so mowhe wyth hys grace queme hym in erbe." Palsgrave gives the
verb, " I queme, I please or I satysfye, Chauser, in his Canterbury Tales ; this worde is
nowe out of vse.'' Jamieson gives it as retained in some parts of N. Britain.
2 " Queane, garse, paillarde, yaultiere." PALSG. Chaucer uses the word in this
opprobrious sense. In the Vision of Piers Ploughman it is said that in the church it is
hard to distinguish a knight from a knave, or " a queyne fro a queene." See Paston
Letters, iv. 360.
3 " Noyer, to drowne, to whirken, to stifle with water. Noie, whirkened, ouer-
whelmed, as with water. Suffoque, stifled, whirkened, smothered." COTG. " Querk-
ned, svffocatus." GOULDM. Querken'd is still used in this sense, in the Craven Dialect.
4 See Seuyn Sages, v- 771, 3862 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems, pp. 32, 38. " Quartyfulle,
compos, prosper. To make quarfulle, prosperare. A quarfullnesse, prosperitas.
"Inqwarte, ubi hale. Hale, acer, firmus^ incolumis, inteyer, sanus, sospes." CATH. ANG.
The wiseman forsothe wil nat sette his herte
On thinge that may not longe stande in querte."
Speculum Xpiani.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
421
qveye word, or qvethe word, H.
quetheword, s.)1 Legatum.
QUYBYBE, spyce. Quiparum,
CATH.
QVYCCHYN, or mevyn (quichyn,
K. qvyhchyn, H. qvytchyn, s.
quynchyn, w.)2 Moveo.
(QWYCE TRE, or fyrrys, supra, or
gorstys tre. Ruscus.)
QUYK, or a-lyve (or whyk, infra.)
Vivus.
QUYK, or lyvely, or delyvyr.
Vivax.
QUYKLY. Vivaciter.
QUYKNESSE, or lyvylynesse. Vi-
vacitas.
QUYKNESSE, of lyve (lyf, K.) Vita.
QUYKNYN (quykyn, K. p.) Ve-
geto, vivifico.
QVYLLE, stalke. Calamus.
QVYLTE, of a bedde. Culcitra.
QUYNTYNE. Quirinarium, c. F.
et UG. in quiparium.
QVYRLYLEBONE, yn a ioynt.3
Ancha.
QUYSPERON (or mustryn, supra;
qvysperyn, or qwysperyn, H.
whysperyn, p.) Mussito.
(QWYSPERYNGE, or musterynge,
supra. Mussitacio.)
QUYT, and delyuerd of a charge.
iSolutus, liber atus, deobligatus.
QVYTYN', or jyldyn'. Reddo,per-
solvo, quieto.
QUYVER, for to putt yn boltys.
Pharetra.
RABET, yonge conye (conyne,
K H. Rabett, cony, p.) Cuni-
cellus.
RABET, yryne tool of carpentrye.
Runcina, CATH.
RABET, in a werke of carpentrye.
Runctura, incastratura, c. F.
(RABETYNGE to-gedyr of ij.
bordys, supra in knyttynge, or
ioynynge.)
RACARE, of a pytte (rakare of a
cyte, K. s. P.) Merdifer, CATH.
fumarius, c. F. olitor, c. F.
(Jirmarius, s.Jimarius, P.)
RACYN (or rasyn, H. p.) bokys, or
o]?er lyke. Rado, abrado.
RAAF, propyr name. Radulphus.
RAAF, ware (raf ward, s.)
RAAF, man.
RAGGE. Cincinnus, UG. in cedo,
scrutum, panniculus, lacinia,
CATH.
RAGGYD (or torne, p.) Lacini-
osuS) lacinosus, c. F. pannosus,
laceratus, cincinnosus.
RAGYN'. Rabio, colluctor.
RAGYNGE. Rabies, rabb'itus, c. F.
RAGMANN, or he that goythe
wythe iaggyd clothys (raggyd
clothys, s.) Pannicius, velpan-
nicia, UG. in pan.
1 "Legatum, a quethworde, et est quod in testato dimittitur. MED. " I queythe,
ie donne en lestctneni, or ie delaisse." PALSG.
2 See King Alls, v. 4747. " I quytche, I styrre or moue with my bodye, or make
noyse, ie tinte. His mother maketh hym a cokenay (ung nyes), but and he here me he
dare nat quytche. She layde upon hym lyke a maulte sacke, and the poore boye durste
nat ones quytche (tr/nter}." PA.LSG. The same author gives the verb " I quynche, I
styrre, ie mouvue. I quynche, I make a noyse, ie tynteS' " // n'y a homme gui ose
lever I'ceil dcvant luy, no man dare quitch or stirre before him." COTG.
3 See WHYRLEBONE, or hole of a ioynt, hereafter.
422
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
RATCHE, hownde.1 Odorinsecus,
quasi odoremsequens, rep(er)a-
rius, KYLW. et CATH. forte in
reperio, venaticus, COMM.
RAIARE (ragere, K.) Rabiafor,
rabulus, c. F. et UG. rabiosus.
RAY, yn a clothe (rayid, K. rayyd
with ray, s. rayed, P.) Stragu-
latus, radiatus, Dice.
(RAY, cloj>, s. P. Stragulum.^)
(RAY, fysh, s. Uranoscopus.)
RAYD, or arayed wythe clothynge,
or other thynge of honeste (thynge
of clennesse, K. p.) Ornatus.
RAYD, or (a)rayde, or redy (rayed,
or arayid, K. p.) Paratus.
RAYL, of vyneys (rayyl of vyiiyll,
H. P.) PaxilluS) CATH. retica,
c. F. et UG. in rests.
RAYLE vynys. Retico, c. F.
RAYL YD, as wynys. Reticatus.
RAYLYNGE. Reticacio.
RAYMENT, or arayment (orna-
ment, K.) Ornatus, ornamentum.
RAKKE. Presepe.
RAKE, or ryve. Rastrum, CATH.
et c. F. et UG, in rarus, ras-
tallum, CATH.
RAKYN (or ryvyfi, infra.) Rastro,
KYLW.
RAKYNGE. Rastratura, c. F.
RAM, schepe. Verves.
RAM ME, ynstrument to ram wythe.
JPilus, CATH. piletum, trudes,
c. F. (pilentum, P.)
RAMAGE, or coragyows.2 Corra-
giosus, luitosus, UG. in luo.
(RAMAGE, or corage, H. p. Co-
rag'ium.)
RAMAGENESSEjOrcoragyowsnesse.
Luita, UG. in luo.
RAMMYN', wythe an instrument.3
Trudo, tero, pilo.
RAMMYNGE, of a grownde. Tri-
tura, pressura, (compression P.)
RAMZYS, herbe (rammys, K. s.
ramsis, H. ramseys, p.)4
dyllus, c. F.
1 Compare PROLLYN, as ratchys, above, p. 415. In Dame Julyan Bernes' instruc-
tions, in the Boke of Huntynge, it is said that the hart, buck, and boar are beasts of
chase, which " wyth the lymere shall be vpreryd in fryth or in felde," but that all other
beasts that are hunted " shall be sought and founde wyth ratches so fre." Compare
the Mayster of Game, Vesp. B. xn. f. 89. A dog that discovered his prey by scent was
termed a ratche, as distinguished from a greyhound. Ang.-Sax. Rsec.e*, rendered in
^Elfric's Glossary " bruccus," q. braccus, or bracco, indagator. Gesner gives a
representation of the " Canis Scoticus sagax, vulgo dictus ane Rache," observing that
Caius says of dogs which hunt by scent, that the male is generally called a hound, the
female, by the English a Brack, by the Scotch " ane Rache." See Jamieson, v. Rache,
and Brachell ; Ducange, v. Bracco. In the Catholicon Angl. is given " Gabrielle rache,
hie camalion."
2 In Sloane MS. 2584, f. 173, it is said of " >e medicyns and vertues of the asche —
per ben bestis pat hau venym, as pe heynde, pe hounde, and pe wolf, and oper bestis,
pat whenne pei am ramagous or joli, here venym gretly noyeb, so pat oftyn sipes >ei
makyn men sike, and somme to dyen." The seed of the tree of life is recommended as a
remedy, namely the " bellis" that grow on the ash, mixed with woman's milk. Chaucer
uses ramage, and ramagious in a similar sense. See Hardyng's Chron. c. xcvii. st. 6.
3 RAMNYN. MS.
4 Gerarde states that the Allium ursinum is called " Ramsies, Ramsons, or Buckrams.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
423
RANDE, or Randolf, propyr name
(Radyl, s.) Ranulphus, non
Radulphus, Raaf.
RANDONE, or longe renge of
wurdys, or other thyngys (long
raunge, etc.y Haringga, epis-
tola quedam denominata.
(RANKE, s. p. Crassus.)
(RANKENESSE, s. p. Crassi-
tudo.)
RANKOWRE, hertely wrethe (wreth
in hert, s.) Rancor.
RANSAKYD. Investigatus, per-
scrutatus, vel scrutatus.
RANSAKYN'. Scrutor, lustro, in-
vestigo, perscrutor.
RANSAKYN', or demyn' yn wytte
(demyn with in wytt, IIARL. MS.
•2274) Discucio.
RANSAKYNGE. Investigacio, scru-
tinium, indagacio, perscrutacio.
RAPPE, stroke. Ictus, percucio,
percussura.
RAPE, or hast.2 Festinacio, fes-
tinancia.
RAPE, herbe. Raphanus, c. F.
rapa, UG. in rumpo.
RAPYN', or hastyn'. Festino, ac-
celero.
RAPPYN', or knokkyn at a dore.
Pulso.
RAPPYN', or smytyn' a thynge
a-3en' a-nober. Collido, allido.
(R-APPYN, or smytyn, H. P. Per-
cucio.)
RASCALYE, or symple puple (ras-
cayle, s. sympyl peple, K.)3
Popellus (plebs, s.)
The broad- leaved garlick is commonly termed ramsons ; in Craven Dialect rams, or
ramps. " Ramsey, an herbe'' (no French.) PALSG.
1 Haringga seems here to be given for harenga, or arenga, a public declamation. See
Ducange. Randon, in its primary signification, appears to be synonymous with the old
Fr. randon, violence, impetuous speed, a sudden shock. Thus Sir John Maundevile
relates that, on solemn festivals, at the Court of the Chan, " thei tnaken knyghtes to
jousten in armes fulle lustyly, and thei rennen to gidre a gret randoum, and thei
frusschen to gidere fully fiercely." p. 286. Holinshed describes the onslaught upon
the Duke of Somerset at the battle of Tewkesbury, " with full randon," as made by
certain spear-men placed by Edward IV. in ambush. " Aller a la grand randon, to
go very fast. Randonner, to run violently." COTG. Elyot gives •' Decursio, iustes as
at the tilte or raudon." In a secondary sense this word seems to have implied an
array or line of combatants, or a continuous flow of words, as in an harangue.
2 Chaucer uses this word both as a substantive and an adverb. In the Vision of
P. Ploughman the verb to rape, to hasten, occurs, as also the adverbs rapely and
rapelier.
3 " Plebpcula, lytelle folke or raskalle. Plebs, folk or raskalle." MED. Fabyan,
under the year 1456, speaks of " a multitude of rascall and poore people of the cytye."
Certain animals, not accounted as beasts of chace, were likewise so termed. In the St.
Alban's Book it is stated that " there be fiue beasts which we cal beasts of chace, the
buke, the doe, the foxe, the marterne, and the roe ; all other of what kinde soeuer terme
them Rascall." It appears, however, from the Mayster of Game, that the hart, until he
was six years old, was accounted " rascayle or foly." Vesp. B. xn., f. 25. In the
Survey of the Estates of Glastonbury Abbey, taken at the Dissolution, the deer in the
various parks are distinguished as " deere of anntler"and " deere of Rascall." Hearne's
P. Langt. ii. 345. Horman says, " He hath bought rascals and other shepe, reiuculaa
emit et promise uasoves — This is but rochel and rascall wine, tortiuum vimtrn." In the
Household Ordinances of Henry VIII. A.D. 1526, some kind of fish is thus termed,
CAMD SOC. 3 I
424
PROMPTOR1UM I'ARVULORUM.
11 A SCALY, or refuse, where of hyt
be (qwere so hyt be, s.) Ca-
ducum, c. F.
RASYN', or scrapyn', idem quod
racyn', supra.1
RASYN, as hondys.2 Ringo, CATH.
RASYNGE, of hondys (howndys,
K. houndes, p.) Rictus, CATH.
RASYNGE, of scrapynge of bokys
or other lyke. Abrasio, rasura..
RASKYN'. Exalo, UG v. in M.
et UG. in alo.
RASOWRE, fysche. Rasorius (ra-
sorinus, P.)
RASOURE, knyfe (rasour of schav-
ynge, K. p.) Novacula, ra-
sorium, c. F.
RASTYLBOW, wede.3 Resta bovis.
RASTYR HOWSE, or schavyng
howse (rasyr hows, s.)4 Bar-
bitondium.
RATON ERE. Soricus, soriceps,
ratonarius.
RATUN, or raton'. Rato,sorex,c.¥.
RAVARE. Delirus, CATH. deli-
rator, c. F.
RAW. Crudus.
RAWEYNE, hey (rawen, p.)5 Fe-
num serotinum, CATH.
RAVEYNE. Rapina, spolium.
RAVENE, byrd. Comix.
RAVENOWRE. Raptor, predo,
rabidus, CATH. (rabulus, P.)
RAVYN', or dotyn'. J)esipio,CATH.
insanio, deliro.
RAVYN GE. DeUracio> c. F. deli-
ramentum, CATH.
RAVYSCHYN'. Rapio.
RAWNESSE, or rawhede. Cruditas.
RAWNSOME. Redempcio.
RAWNSOMYD. Redemptus.
RAWNSOMYN'. Multo (redimo, p.)
RATH A RE (or sonnare, infra.)
Pocius, cicius.
REAL. Realis.
REALTE. Realitas.
possibly an inferior flat fish ; one mess of " rascalls or flage," at the price of eight pence,
was to be provided on fish days. " Rascall, refuse beest, refus." PALSG.
1 Forby gives the verb to rase, pronounced race, to cut or scratch superficially, as
used in East Anglia. " I race a writynge, I take out a worde with a pomyce or pen-
knyt'e — ie efface des moty, &c. — I race a thynge that is made or graven out, as the
weather or tyme dothe, — ie olblittere. Rase, a scrapyng, rasure." PALSG. In Tre-
visa's version of Vegecius, B. ii. c. 13, it is said that besides banners the Roman
chieftains had " crestes ouer thawrt her helmes and diuers signes and tokyns, that in
caas her baner of her warde wl eny myshappe were voidede, rasede, or filede, or done
out of her sighte, yet by the sightes of her souereyns crestes they might returne ayen to
her wardes." Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. Robert Fill, in the " Briefe sum of the Christian
faith," translated from Beza, says, " My iniquities can no more fraye nor trouble me,
my accountes and dettes beinge assuredly rased and wiped out by the precious blood of
Jesus Christ." f. 19, b.
a " Ringto, irasci sicut cnnis, vcl rictum facer e, to gner." ORTUS.
3 Gerarde says that the petty whinne, or rest harrow, is commonly called Aresta
bovis, and remora aratri, in French areste boetif. In Norfolk, according to Forby, it is
called land-whin.
4 " A raster house, barbitnndium, tonsorium. A raster clathe, ralla." CATH. ANG.
" Ralla, a raster clothe." ORTUS.
6 Tusser calls the eddish, or after-grass " rawinffg," and it is still so termed in the
Dialect of East Anglia, according to Forby ; in Hampshire and Sussex it is called
rowings or roughings.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
425
REBEL, or vnbuxum. Rebellis, \
inobediens.
REBELLYN'. Rebello.
REBELLYONE, or vnbuxumnesse.
Rebellio^ inobediencia.
REBOWNDYN', or sowndyn a-jene.1
Reboo, CATH. rotundo (re-
dundo, s. p.)
REBO(W)NDYNGE, or so(w)nd-
y(n)ge a-jen (reboudinge, p.)
Reboacio, reboatus.
REBUKYN', or reboston (rebostyn,
or vndyrnemyn, K.) Redargue.
RECEYVYD. Receptus, acceptus.
RECEYVYN'. Recipio, suscipio,
(accipio, p.) capio.
(RECEYUYNG, p. Accepcio, re-
cepcio.)
(RECEYUOUR, p. Receptor, ac-
ceptor.)
RECEYT. Receptum.
RECHYN', as lethyr (retchyn' as
leder, p.) Dilato, extendo.
RECHYN, or a-retchyri, and ny}e
to a thynge (astrechyn, K.
stretchyn', p.) Attingo, pro-
tendo, VG. v. in M.
RECHYN', or put forthe, as a
mann dothe hys honde (retchyn,
or drawyn owt, K. H. p.) E(#)~
tendo, etc. ut supra.
RECHYNGE, or stretchynge (rehch-
inge, K. rehoghynge, P.)' Ex-
tensio.
RECLEYME, or chalange. Cla-
meum, vendicacio (clamium, P )
RECLEYMYD, as hawkys. Redo-
mitiis, CATH.
RECLEYMYD, or chalangyd. Re-
clamatus
RECLEYMYN', or wythefeyn' (with
stynt, s. withseyne, P.) Re-
clamo.
RECLEYMYN', or make tame.
Domo (domestico, P.) redomo.
RECLEYMYNGE, of wyldenesse.
Redomitacio.
(RECLUSE, or ankyr, supra. Ana-
chorita.)
RECORD, of wytnesse (record or
witnesse, p.) Testimonium, tes-
tijicacio, recordacio.
RECORDER, lytyl pype.3 Canula,
c. F. in coraula.
1 " I rebounde, as the sownde of a home, or the sounde of a bell, or ones voyce
dothe, ie boundys, ie resonne, &c. Agaynst a holowe place voyce or noyse wyll re-
bounde and make an eccho." PALSG. Compare SOUNDYNGE A-3ENE, resonafus, infra.
2 This word is placed in the MS. and in p. between REFUGE and REHERSYNGE, probably
because by the first hand it had been written REHCHYNGE, as in the King's Coll. MS.
Palsgrave gives various significations of the verb to reach. " I ratche, I stretche out a
length, ie extends. If it be to shorte ratche it out. I ratche, I catche, I have raught
(Lydgat) ie altayns. And I ratche ye thou shalt bere me a blowe, si ie te peulx attayndre
ie te donneray wig sonfflet. I reche, ie bnille. I reche a thyng with my hande or with
a weapen, or any other thyng that I holde in my hand, ie attayns." See Moor's Suffolk
Glossary, v. Reech.
3 The musical instrument called a recorder appears to be the kind of flute of which a
description and representation are given by Mersennus, designated as the " flust.e
iVAnyleterre, que Von appelle douce, et h nei/ftrous.'' Harmonic Univ. 1, p. 237. He
exhibits the form and construction of a set of flutes which had been sent from England
to one of the Kings of France, and these representations may serve to illustrate the
observation of Bacon, that "the figure of recorders, and flutes, and pipes, are straight;
but the recorder hath a less bore and a greater, above and below." Nat. Hist. s. 221.
In
426
PROMPTOR1UM PAKVULORUM.
RECORDYN lessouys. Recorder,
repeto (recordo, P.)
RECORDYN', or bere wytnesse.
Testificor.
RECORDOWRE, wytnesse berer.
Testis.
R EC RE AC YON', or refreschynge
(refeccion', p.) Recreatio? re-
focillar.io.
RECREACYON', or howse of re-
freschynge.3 Recreatorium.
RECURYN, or a-3en getyn'. Re-
cup ero.
RECURYN', of sekenesse. Con-
valeo, reconvaleo.
REDE, coloure. JRubeus, rubi-
cundus.
REED,ofthefenne. Arundo,canna.
REED PYTTE, or fenne.3 Can-
netum, arundinetum, c. F.
REED, counsele. Consilium.
REEDE, on a booke (redyn bokys,
K. P.) Lego.
REDARE, of bokys. Lector.
REDARE, or expownder of thyngys
hard to vndyrstonde (redar or
cow(n)celar in priuitles, K. redar
of counsellis and preuyteis, P.)
Interpreted or, edictor.
REDARE, of howsys. Calamator,
arundinarius, cannarius.
REDBRESTE, byrde. Rubellus,
viridarius, frigella.
REDGOWND, sekenesse of yonge
chyldryne.4 Scrophulus, c. F.
scrophule, UG. in scortes.
REDY. Promptus, paratus.
REDYLY. Prompte, parate.
REDYNESSE. Promptitude,
REDYN' howsys. Arundino, ca-
lamo, KYLW. (culmiso, p.)
REDYN', or expownyfi' redellys,
or parabol', and other privyteys,
idem quod ondon', supra in O.
(parablys and odyr prevy termys,
infra in vndoyn, s.)5
In Holland's version of Pliny the single pipe or recorder is mentioned. " Recorder, a
pype,yfe»/e a ix. trous." PALSG. Further information respecting the various flutes used
during the middle ages is given by M. de Toulmon, in his Dissertation on Musical In-
struments, Mem. des Antiqu. de France, xvii. p. 131. See Nares. The early note of
song-birds was termed recording, probably, as Barrington suggests, from the instrument
formerly called a recorder. " I recorde, as yonge byrdes do. le patelle. This byrde
recordeth all redy, she wyll synge wlin a whyle." PALSR. " To record, as birds,
reyazouiller." SHERW.
1 Recordacio, MS. tecreatio, K. p.
2 R'freschynge, MS. Compare REFRESCHYD, &c. infra.
3 This word occurs in the MS. between REDNESSE and REFECCYONE.
4 Gownd signifies the foul matter of a sore, Ang.-Sax. gund, pus, sanies, as already
noticed under the word GOWNDE of pe eye, p. 206. " Reed gounde, sickenesse of
chyldren." PALSG. This eruptive humour is more commonly termed the Redgum, for
which various remedies are to be found in old books of medicine. William Langham
specially commends the water of columbine as " good for yong children to drinke
against the redgum or fellon." Garden of Health, 1579. " Red-gum, a sickness of
young children, scrophulits." GOULDM.
5 " I rede, I gesse, ie diuine. Rede who tolde it me, and I wyll tell the trouthe. I
rede or advise, ie conseille. Loke what you do I rede you." PALSG. Herman says,
" Arede my dreme and I wyl say thou art Godis fellow." Ang.-Sax. araedan, conjecture.
" Enigma, est sermo figuratus vel obscura Iccutio, vel queatio obscura, que non intelli-
oitur nisi aperiatur, Anolice a redynge or de^maunde." ORTUS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
REDYNGE, of bokys. Lectura.
REDYNGE, colowre. Rubiculum,
rubratura.
REDYNGE, of howsys. Arundi-
nacio.
REDYNGE, or expownynge of ry-
dellys, or ober privyteys (vndo-
ynge ofredellysandpryuynessys,
K.) Ihterprelacio, edicio.
REDNESSE. Rubedo.
REDRESSYN. Dirigo, redirigo.
REFECCYON', (refet of fisshe, K.
refet or fishe, H. reuet, p.)1
Refectio, refectura.
REFECYD, or refeet (refeted, K. H.
reueted, p.)2 Refectus, CATH.
REFORMYN'. Reformo.
REFREYNYN'. Refreno, CATH.
cohibeo, compesco.
REFREYT, of a respowne (refreyth,
s. respounde, K. refreyt or a ro-
spown', p.) Antistropha, CATH.
REFRESCHYD. Refocillatus, re-
creatus (refectus, P.)
REFRESCHYN'. Re/icio, refocillo.
REFUCE, or owt caste, what so euer
hyt be (refute, p.) Caducum,
purgamentum.
REFUCYD. Refutatus.
REFUSYN', and forsakyn. Refuto,
respuo, CATH. abdico.
REFUSYN, wythe hate. Repudio,
c. F.
REFUSYNGE. Refutacio,recusacio.
REFUGE, or socowre (refute, K. p.
refuce, s.)3 Refugium, suc-
cursus.
REIAGGYN' (or reprevyn', infra.)4
Redargue.
REHERCYN'. Recito.
REHERCYN' a thynge a-3en, or do
the (sz'c) a thynge a-3en (re-
hercen" ageyne, or done ageyne,
p.) Itero, recito.
REHERSYNGE. Recitacio.
REYHHE, fysche. Ragadia,KYLW.
REYKE, or royt, ydylle walky(n)ge
abowt (reyke or royke, s.)5
1 This term may designate some kind of entremets, a reward or extra service of fish
at a banquet : possibly it may denote the fast-day refection. Roquefort, however, gives
— " Reffuit : sorte de poisson de mer, rouget, parce qu'il est gros et gras" (refais).
2 " Reficio, to agayne stable, or to refete." MED. MS. CANT. Compare the use of
the word " refetiden," (rcficiebant, Vulg.) in the Wycliffite version, Deeds, c. xxviii. 2,
3 The reading supplied by the King's Coll. MS. — Refute, is in accordance with the
obsolete form of the word, as found in the Wycliffite version (Deut. xix. 12. Jer. xvi.
19 : plur. refuytis, Ps. ciii. 18.) So also in the version of Vegicius ascribed to Trevisa,
mention is made of a " refute to rynne to." (Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. B. i. c. 21.) In old
French, Kefuy.
4 This verb, occurring in alphabetical order between Refusyn and Rehercyh, may
have been written by the first hand — llegaggyii. It is used by an ancient writer on the
virtues of herbs (Arund. MS. 42, f. 10 b.) Speaking of the cure of sore gums or
"water cancre," as easy with prompt attention, he says — "I saw a worby leche so
angry & wroth with moderes & kepirs of children bt hadde longe a-byden, bt he reiagged
hem hugely, and onnebis and (with) gret dyriculte durste he, or wolde, vnderfonge hem
to cure." Skelton speaks of " beggars reiag^ed," (Why come ye nat to courte? v. 602,)
which Mr. Dyce explains as signifying all-tattered.
5 Forby gives the verb to Rake as still used in Norfolk, precisely in this sense. It
means " to gad or ramble in mere idleness, without any immoral implication. It is
often applied to truant children." Brockett has a similar word, — " Rake, v. to walk,
to range or rove about. Su.-Got. reka, to roam."
428
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
Discursus, vagacio, vagitas,
CATH. in vagor.
REYNE. Pluvia.
REYNEBOW. Iris.
REYN' FOWLE, bryd (or Wode-
wale, or Wodehake, infra.)
Gaulus, c. F. picus, c. F. me-
ropes, c F. (picus major, p.)1
REYNYN', as kyngys. Regno.
REYNYN' water. Pluit, CATH.
REYNE WATER, or water of reyne.
JVibata, CATH.
REYSYN' VP. Levo, sublevo, sus-
cito, erigo.
REYSYN' VP fro slepe (or wakyn,
infra.) Excito, evigilo (ex-
pergefacio, p.)
REYSYNGE VP. Elevacio, ereccio,
(exaltacio, p.)
REYSYNGE, or rerynge vp fro
slepe. Expergefaccio, CATH.
REYSONE, or reysynge, frute. Uva
passa, carica, UG. v. rase-
REEK, or golf (reyke, K. golfe or
stak, p.) Arconius, acervus.
R3EK, or smeke. Fumus.
REKKELES. NecgUgens, incurius.
REKKELESLY. Necgligenter.
REKKELESNESSE (rekleshed, K.)
Necgligencia, incuria.
REKKEN, or cha(r)gyn, or 3611 tale
(chargyn or jenetale, K. reeky n'
or chargen', or gyue tale, P.)
Curo.
REKNARE. Computator.
REKNYN' or cowntyn' (rekkyn, s.
reken', p.) Compuio, CATH.
REKNYNGE. Computacio, com-
potuS) racio.
(REKENYNGE, or a counte, K. a
cowntes, H. accompte, P. Com-
potus.)
REEL, womannys ynstrument.
Alabrum, c. F.
RELEEF.2 Reliquie.
RELEEF, or brocaly of mete (or
blevynge, supra.) Fragmen-
tum, fragmen, mistelevium,
COMM.
RELECE, or for-jeuenesse (for-
gyuenesse, P.) Relaxacio.
1 This name of the woodpecker is not given by the Glossarists of East Anglia as still
used in that part of England ; but in the North, as Brockett states, that bird is known
by the popular appellation of the Rain-fowl, or Rain-bird, and its loud cry often re-
peated is supposed to prognosticate rain. The Romans called the woodpecker pluvias
avis, for the same cause. Gesner gives amongst the names of the Picus in various
countries, — " Anglis, a specht, vcl a Wodpecker, vel raynbyrde."
2 In the Wycliffite version, Jos. x. 28, it is said of the utter destruction of Maceda,
— " he lefte not )>erinne nameli litle relyues," — non dimisit in ea nisi parvas reliqnias.
Vulg. Roquefort explains Relief as signifying broken meat, the scraps of the kitchen ;
it is thus used in the Wycliffite version, as in Ruth, c. ii. — " Sche brou3t forj> and }af to
her J?e relifis of hir mete ;" — and Matt. xiv. — " Thei token the relifis of broken gobetis
twelve cofyns ful." In the version of Barth. de Propriet. Rerum, attributed to Trevisa,
it is said of a banquet, — " At the laste comyth frute and spyces, and whan they haue ete,
bord clothes and relyf ben borne awaye." In Caxton's Boke for Travellers, — " The
leuynge of the table, le relief de la table." See also Maundevile's Travels, p. 250, ed.
1725. The term seems also applied to the basket in which the fragments were carried
away; as in a list of kitchen furniture, in Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. f. 25, b.~ " Relef,
sporticula."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
429
RELES, tast or odowre.1 Odor.
RELECYN'. Relaxo.
RELENTYN'. Resolvo, liquo, es,
2 conj. CATH. liquo, as, prime
conj. secundum CATH.
RELEVYN'. Relevo.
RELIGYONE. Religio.
RELYGYOWS. Religiosus,
RELYKE. Reliquia.
RELYN', wythe a reele. Alabriso.
REEM, kyngdam. Regnum.
(REEME, paper, p.)
REEM, or rewme of the hed, or of
the breste. Reuma.
REMEDY. Remedium.
REMELAWNT (remenaunt, resi-
duum, F.)2 Residuus, reliquus.
REMYN', as ale or other lycoure
(or cremyn', supra}.3 Spumat,
impersonate.
REMISSYON', or forjevenesse.
Remissio.
REMOWN, or remevyn (remowne,
K . s. remouyn', or remeuyn', p.)
Amoveo, removeo.
REN, or rennynge. Cursus.
RENNARE. Cursor.
RENNARE, or vnstable a-bydare.
Fugitivus, fugitiva, profugus,
profuga, currax, c. F. et UG.
RENDERYN'. Reddo.
RENDERYNGE. Reddicio.
REENDYN'. Lacero, lanio, CATH.
RENDYNGE a-sundyr. Laceracio.
RENLYS, or rendlys, for mylke
(rennelesse, K. renels, p.) Co-
agulum, CATH. et c. F. lactis,
CATH. et UG.
REENE, of a brydylle. Habena,
lira (sic, lor a, P.)
REENGE, or rowe. /Series.
RENNYN', or lepyn'. Curro, CATH.
RENNYN', as water, and other
lycure. Manat, curanat (sic,
emanat, P.)
RENNYN' be-forne. Precurro.
RENNYNGE, of bestys. Cursus.
RENNYNGE, of water, or ober ly-
cure. Manacio.
RENNYNGE, of lycoure not stond-
ynge, as dyschmetys, or other
lyke. Liquidus,fluvidus.
1 This word has occurred previously, — Odowre or relece, p. 362. It occurs in Lyd-
gate's Destr. of Thebes, in the narration of the burning of the bodies of the Greeks de-
livered by Theseus to their wives, for funeral rites,
" But what shuld I eny lenger dwelle
The old ryytys by and by to telle —
How the bodyes wer to ashes brent ;
Nor of the gommes in the flaumbe spent,
To make the hayre swetter of relees." Anted. MS. 119, f. 76 v°.
2 The use of the obsolete form of the word remnant appears in the Craven Glossary,
v. Remlin, and in Palmer's Devonshire Words, v. Remlet. It occurs in the inventory of
effects of a merchant at Newcastle, in 1571, in whose shop were certain " yeardes of
worssett in Remlauntes." Durham Wills and Inv. Surtees Soc. vol. i. 362. So also in
the Boke of Curtasye, amongst rules for behaviour at table ;
" Byt not on thy brede, and lay hyt doun,
That is no curteyse to vse in towne ;
But breke as myche as bu wylle ete,
The remelant to pore J>tt schalle lete." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 18 b.
3 Compare Craven Dialect, v. Reamed. Ang.-Sax. Ream, Rem, cream. " Reme,
quaccum,'" CATH. ANG.
430
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
RENNYNGE, game. Bravium,
CATH,
RENT, as clothys. Laceratus.
RENT, and raggyd (iaggyd, s.)
Lacerosus, CATH.
RENT, jerly dette. Redditus, ne-
frendicium, CATH.
RENTE GADERERE. Censualis}
c. F.
RENUWYN'.* Renovo.
REPARACYON, or reparaylynge, or
a-mendynge of olde thynggys,
Reparacio, sartum, c. F.
REPARE, hervystmanne. Mes-
sor, messellus, c. F. metellus, UG .
REPARYN' (or makyn ajene, K.
make ageyn, p.) Reparo, reficio.
REPE corne. Meto.
REPENTYN. Penitet.
REPYNGE, of corne. Messura,
mes.no.
REPONE, of a balle or ober lyke.
Repulsa, repulus.
REPORTYN', or here a-wey thynge
bat hathe be seyde or taw^te.
Reporto.
REPREEF (repreve, K. s.) Oppro-
brium, improperium (vitupe-
rium, P.)
REPREFABLE. Reprehensibilis,
iucrepabilis) culpabilis.
REPREVYN'. Reprehendo, depre-
hendo,
REPREVYN, or reiaggyii'. Redar-
gue.
REQUIRYN'. Reguiro.
RERE, or nesche, as eggys (as
eyre, H. eyyre, s.)3 Mollis, (sor-
bilis9 P.)
RERE, or motewoke, supra in M.
(mothewoke, s. Dimollis.)
RERE SOPERE 4 Obsonium, c. F.
(RERYN', or revyn of slepe, infra
in wakyii'. Excito.^)
RESYNYN'. Resigno.
RESPYTE, or leysure, of tyme (res-
pight, or leyser, or tyme, P.)
Inducie.
1 Sensualis, MS. and p. " Censualis. i. officialis qui sensum (sic: exiyit provincialem"
ORTUS.
2 The reading of the MS. may possibly be RENNWYN'.
3 Bishop Kennett, in his Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, gives " Reer, raw,
as, the meat is reer ; a reer roasted egg. Kent. I had rather have meat a little reer than
overdone." Ang.-Sax. hrere, crudus. Forby and Major Moor notice the word as
retained in East Anglia. It is not uncommonly used by old writers. Thus Andrew
Boorde, in his Breviary of Health, of things that comfort the heart, says " maces and
ginger, rere egges, and poched egges not hard, theyr yolkes be a cordiall," and he re-
commends for Satyriasis to eat two or three "new layd egges rested rere," with pow-
dered nettle seed. Langham, in his Garden of Health, frequently commends their use.
" Reere, as an egge is, mol." PALSG. See also Nares.
4 Obsnnium is defined in the Ortus Vocabulorum to be " parvus cibus et delicatus
qui post cenam contra somnum sumitur.^ The curious notice of the habits of his times,
given by Harrison, in which he ascribes the introduction of reare suppers to " bardie
Canutus," is well known, and has been cited already in the note on BEUER, vol. i. p. 34.
Horman observes, in his Vulgaria, — " Rere suppers (comesatio} slee many men. He
kepeth rere suppers tyll mydnyght. In this vitaylers shoppe there is sette to sale all
conceyttis and pleasuris for rere suppers and iunkettis and bankettis." Palsgrave has —
" Rere supper, bancqnet. Rere banket, Ratios," and Cotgrave renders " rerjoubillonner,
To make a reare supper, steale an after supper ; bancquet late anights." See Nares, v.
Rere-banquet, and Halliwell's Dictionary.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM,
431
RESPOWNE (respounde, K. respon,
p.) Responsorium.
REEST, as flesche (resty, P.) Ran-
cidus.
(RESTNESSE, of flesshe, K. resty-
nesse, p. Rancor.}
RES TARE, or a-restare. Arestator.
REST, after trauayle. Quies, re-
quies.
RESTYN", after trauayle. Quiesco,
requiesco.
REESTYN', as flesche. Ranceo,
CATH.
RESTORYN', or fulfyllyn a-jene.
Restauro.
RESTORYN, or 3yldyli a-3ene.
Restituo.
RESTREYNYN". Restringo.
RESUN, or resone. Ratio.
RESUNABLE. Racionabilis.
RETTYN' tymbyr, hempe, or ober
lyke (retyn tymbyr, flax or
hempe, K. p.)1 Rigo, infundo.
RECTYN', or rettyn', or wytyn'
(rettyn, or a-rectyn, or weytyn,
s. rettyn, K. p.) Imputo, re-
puto, ascribo.
RETURNYN', or turnyn a-jene.
Rev er tor, redio.
REWARDE. Retribucio, merces.
REWARDE, at mete, whan fode
fallythe of the seruyce (qwane
fode faylyth at be seruyse, s.
rewarde of mete whan fode
faylethe at the boorde, p.)2 Auc-
torium, CATH. et UG. in augeo.
REWARDE, yn be ende of mete, of
frutys. Impomentum, UG. in
porno.
REWARDE, for syngarys, and myn-
st(r)allys. Siparium, UG. in sipe.
REWARDYN'. Rependo, CATH. re-
munero, reddo (recompenso, p.)
REVE, lordys serwawnte. Pre-
positus.
REUEL.
REUELOWRE.
REUERCE. Contrarium, oppo-
situtn.
REVYLYN'. Aporio, c. F.
REVYN', or spoylyn'. Spolio,
rapio.
REVYN, or be vyolence take awey,
or hyntyn'. Rapio.
1 In Norfolk, to Ret still signifies to soak or macerate in water ; and a pond for
soaking hemp is called a Retting- pit. See Forby's account of the modes of retting. He
conjectures that the derivation of the term may be from Ang.-Sax. rith, rivus. Sea
weeds were formerly called Reets. Bishop Kennett has the following note, — " Reits,
sea weed, of some called reits, of others wrack, and of the Thanet men wore," &c.
" Leppe, sea-grasse, sea-weed, reets." COTG. The term to Ret may be derived from the
Flemish, — " het vlas Reeten, to hickle, bruise, or breake flax : een Reete, a hitchell
with teeth to bruise flax." Hexham's Netherdutch Dictionary. " Reten, Rouir du lin
ou du chanvre." Olinger.
2 In the curious poem " de Officiariis in curiis dominorum," it is said, —
" Whenne brede faylys at borde aboute,
The marshalle gares sett w'outen doute
More brede, )>at calde is a rewarde." Sloane MS. 1386, f. 31.
" Rewarde of meate, entremetz." PALSG. See the account of Rewards in the Rule of
the Household of the Princess Cecill, mother of Edw. IV. (Household Ordinances, *3B.)
and the Service to the Archbishop of York, in 1464, (Leland, Coll. vol. vi. p. 7.) The
dessert was thus called, it appears, in ancient festivities. " Impomentum est extremum
ferculum quod ponitur in mensa, ut poma, nuces et pira." ORTUS.
CAMD. SOC. 3 K
432
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
REVYN' of reest (or wakyn, infra}.
Inquieto.
REVYNGE, or spoylynge. Spo-
liacio.
REVYNGE of reste. Inquietacio.
REVYNGE, or dystruynge of pees.
Turbacio, perturbacio.
REWLE, ynstrument. Regula.
REWLE, or gouernawnce. Guber-
nacio, regimen.
REWLE, of techynge. Regula,
norma.
REWLYN, wythe instrument. Re-
gulo.
REWLYN', or gouernyn'. Guberno,
rego.
(REWMEof the bed or of thebreste,
supra in reem. Reuma.)
REVOKYN', or wytbe clepyn
(rewkyn, p.) Revoco.
RYAL, of foom or berme (ryal, or
fom of berme, K. ryall fome or
barme, p.)1 Spuma, CATH.
(RYALTE, supra in realte, P.)
RYBAND, of a clothe (ribawnde or
Hour, K. lyoure, p.) Limbus,
CATH. et UG. redimiculum,
CATH. (nimbus, CATH. P.)
RYBAWDE (rybawder', p.) Ri-
baldus, ribalda.
RYBAWDERYFE (ribawdrye, K. p.)
Ribaldria.
RYBBE (bone, p.) Costa.
RYBBE, ynstrument.2 Rupa, Dice.
RYBBE SKYNNE (rybskyn, H. p.)3
Melotula.
1 " Riall of wyne,/owe, l>roude,fleur.'1'' PALSG. Compare the Norfolk provincialism,
to Rile, to stir up liquor and make it turbid, by moving the sediment. The figurative
application of the word, so often heard in America, appears from Forby to be purely
East Anglian. See Bartlett's Americanisms, v. To Roil, and Rily, turbid.
2 " A*ryb for lyne. To ryb lyne, costare, ex(costare\ netridare." CATH. ANG. Pals-
grave has — " Ribbe for flaxe." The cleaning or dressing of flax was termed ribbing, as
in the version of Glanvile de Propriet. Rerum, attributed to Trevisa, lib. xvii. c. 97.
Flax, it is stated, after being steeped and dried, is " bounde in praty nytches and
boundels, and afterward knocked, beaten and brayed, and carfled, rodded and gnodded,
ribbed and hekled, and at the last sponne." Rippling flax, the North Country term, is
possibly synonymous with ribbing. See Ray, N. Country Words, and Brockett, who
adds, — " Su.-Got., repa lin, linum vellere, Teut. repen, slringere semen lini." Bishop
Kennett also notices it thus, — " To ripple flax, to wipe off the seed vessels, Bor. Rather
to repple flax with a repple or stick. A. s. repel, baculns. Rippo, or repple, a long
walking-staff carried by countrymen. Cheshire." In an Inventory (taken at North-
allerton ?) in 1499, are mentioned, — " a hekyll, j. d. a ryppyll came, iij. d. — a payr of
wool cames, v. d." Wills and Invent. Surtees Soc. vol. i. p. 104. See RYPELYNGE of
flax, infra.
3 This part of the appliances of a spinner is doubtless what is now called in Norfolk
" a Tripskin, — a piece of leather, worn on the right-hand side of the petticoat by spinners
with the rock, on which the spindle plays and the yarn is pressed by the hand of the
spinner." FORBY. " A rybbynge skyne, nebrida, pellicudia." CATH. ANG. " Pellicudia,
a rubbynge skynne." ORTUS. " Rybbe skynne" (no French word.) PALSG. See the
curious list of articles pledged for ale to Elinour Rummyng :
" And some went so narrowe,
They layde to pledge their wharrowe,
Their rybskyn and theyr spyndell."
Skelton's Works, ed. Dyce, vol. i. p. 104, and ii. p. 168.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
433
RYBBYN' flax, hempe, or ober lyke.
Metaxo.
RYBYBE. Vitula,CATn.invitulus.
RYBBEWORTE, herbe. Lanciola.
RYCE, frute. Risia, vel risi, n.
indecL secundum quosdam, vel
risium, c. F. vel risorum gra-
num, c. F. et COMM. (rizi vel
granum Indicum, P.)
RYCHARDE, propyr name. Ri-
cardus.
RYCHE. Dives, locuples, c. F. et
CATH. opulentus.
RYCHESSE. (ryches, p.) Divide,
opulencia, opis, opes.
RYCHEST. Ditissimus.
RYCHELLYS (richelle, K.)1 Thus,
incensum, c. F.
R YD A RE, horsman. Equester,
(eques, equitator, p.)
RYDEL, curtyne. Cortina.
RYDEL, or probleme. Enigma,
problema, paradigma, c. F.
(probleuma, P.)
RYDYL,O£ corn clensynge (ridil for
wynwyn of corne, K. for weno-
wynge, P.) Cribrum, CATH.
capisterium, c. F. ventilabrum,
c. F. et CATH. currifrugium,
KYLW. (velabrum, P.K.S.)
RYDELYN'. Cribro, capisterio.
RYDYN'. Equito.
RYDYNGE. Equitatus.
RYDOWRE, grete hardenesse (ri-
dowre or rigour, K.H.p.)2 Rigor.
RYE, corn. Siligo, c. F. et CATH.
RYYF, or opynly knowe (knowen,
p.) Manifestus, puplicatus.
RYFELYN', or robbyn'. Spolio,
per do.
RYFLOWRE (ryflar or rifelor, p.)
Depredator, spoliator.
RYFTE, in a walle, or boord, or
o]>er lyke (ryft or crany, p.)
Rima, UG. et c. F. riscus,
CATH.
RYFTE, or ryvynge of clo]>e, or
cuttynge. Scissura.
RYGGE, of a lorid. Porca, CATH.
et UG. (agger, p.)
RYGGE BONE of bakke (rigbone or
bakbone, p.) Spina, spondile,
c. F.
RYGGYN' howsys. Porco, CATH.
RYGGYNGE of howsys. Porcacio.
RYGHT, in forme of makynge, or
growynge (ryth, with owtyn
wrongnesse, K.) Rectus.
RYGHTE, of truthe (ryth or trwthe,
K.)* Justus, equus.
1 Compare CENSE, or incense, or rychelle, supra, vol. i. p. 66 ; and SCHYPPE, ves-
selle to put yn rychel, infra. " Rekels, incensum, olibanum." CATH. ANG. Incense was
called in Anglo-Saxon Stor, (storium, the aromatic gum,) and Ricels, Recels. So also
Ricels-foet, thuribulum, and Ricels-buce, acerra, a pyx or box for incense.
2 Tyrwhitt, in his Glossary to Chaucer, gives the word " Reddour," explained as
strength, violence. It is the old French " Redour, reddur, — Roideur, fermete, duret^."
ROQUEF. In a curious poem on sacred subjects, xv. cent. Add. MS. 10,053, it occurs
thus (p. 159)—
" Also thenlce with hert stedefast,
Whan thou wote that Goddis mercy is,
Hou mekele shal be yf thou can taste
The reddur of his rightwesnesse," &c.
And it is said in the context that the wicked at the day of doom " shol be dampned
thorgh reddour of rightwesnesse," &c.
434
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
RYGHTE FOORTHE.Recte,directe.
.RYGHTFULLE, idem quod ryghte,
supra.
RYGHTFULLE, yn belevynge, and
levynge (in leuenesse and leu-
ynge, P.) Ortodoxus, c. F.
RYGHTFULNESSE, or ryghtwys-
nesse. Justicia, equitas, recti-
tudo.
RYGHTE pARTEof abeest. Dexter.
RY(G)HTEYN', or make ryghte
(ryhtyn, K. rythyn or maken
ryth, P.) Rectifico.
RYLLE, thynne clothe.1 Ralla,
UG. v. in B.
RYM, of a whele. Timpanum,
CATH. circumferencia) CATH.
RYME. Rithmicus, vel rithmus,
(rithma, UG. H.)
RYM A RE. Gerro, UG. v. et c. F.
RYMYN'. Rithmico.
RYME, frost. Pruina.
RYMPYL, or rymple (or wrynkyl,
infra.) Ruga, rugadia, KYLW.
RYMPLYD. Rugatus.
RYM THE, or space, or rowme
(rymthy, P.)2 Spacium.
RYMTHE, or leysure, of tyme.
Oportunitas, vel spacium tem-
poris. _
RYMTHYN, or make rymthe and
space. Eloco, UG. perloco,
evacuo, (vacuo, p.)
RYYNCYN'.S Rigo, vincto, as,
lavaculo, (humecto, lavatilo, P.)
RYYNCYNGE (rynsinge of vessell,
K. P.) Rigacio.
RYNGE. Anulus.
RYNGE WYRME. Serpigo, ser-
pego, c. F. et CATH. (serpedO) P.)
RYNGYN' bellys. Pulso.
RYPE. Maturus.
RYPENESSE. Maturitas.
RYPELYNGE, of flax, or ober lyke.4
Avulsio.
RYPYN', or wax rype. Maturio,
CATH.
RYPYN', or make rype. Maturo,
CATH. et c. F.
RYPYN', or begynne to rype. Ma-
turesco.
RYSARE. Surrector.
RYSARE, or rebellowre a-3en pees.
Rebellator, insur -rector.
1 This word occurs in the MS. between Ryggynge and Ryght. Hereafter will be
found (under letter T) — Thinne clothe that is clepyd a Rylle. In the Ortus, Ralla is
explained to be " a Raster clothe," which appears to have been used in shaving. See
RASTYR HOWSE, supra, p. 424. Rylle is perhaps only another form of the word Rail,
Ang.-Sax. rsegl, hreegel, vestimenlum. See Nares ». Raile. " Rayle for a womans
necke, crevechief en quarttre doubles." PALSG. Sherwood gives — " a woman's raile,
Piynon," and Cotgrave renders " un collet a peignoir, — a large raile which women
put about their neckes when they comb themselves."
2 In the Book of Christian Prayers, Lond. 1590, f. 38 v°. it is said,—" Giue vnto the
shepheardes, whome thou hast vouchsafed to put in thy roomth, the gift of prophesie."
In a letter regarding the building of Abp. Whitgift's Hospital at Croydon, 1596, the
writer states of certain trenches made in preparing foundation walls, — " We are now
fillinge the voyde rometh therin." Ducarel's Croydon, p. 155. See also Drayton,
Polyolb. s. 6._
3 RYYNTYN'. MS. The King's Coll. MS. has Ryncyn, and other readings are, —
Ryynsyng, and Ryyncyn. Vincto may be an error for humecto. Palsgrave gives the
verb to rynce a cup or clothes, " Raincer."
4 Amulsio, MS. See the note on RYBBE, supra. Rippling flax is a term still in
common use in North Britain. See Jamieson.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
435
RYSCHE, or rusche. Cirpus,jun-
cusl
RYSYN' vp fro sege. Surgo.
RYSYN' erly. Manico, CATH.
RYSE fro dede, or dethe. Resurgo.
RYSYN' a-}en pees. Insurgo, con-
surgo.
RYSYN' ajen a person' to don hym
worschyppe (risyn a5ens a lord
to don worchepe, K. reuerance,
s. rysyn ageynst a lorde for
worshyp, p.) Assurgo.
RYSYNGE vp fro sete, or restynge
place Surrexio, resurrectio.
RYSYNGE a-5en pees. Insurrexio,
rebellio.
RYSYNGE a-jene persone, for wor-
schyppe (risinge up to worchype,
K. p.) Assurrexio.
RYVE, or rake. Rastrum, CATH.
RYVERE, water, Rivus, (vivu-
lus, P.)
RYVYN', or rakyn'. Rastro.
RYVYN', or reendyn'. Lacero.
RYVYN', or clyvyfi, as men doo
woodde. Findo.
RYVYN' to londe, as schyppys or
botys, fro water. Applico, ap-
pello, c. F.
RYVYNGE vp to lond, fro water.
Applicacio, applicatus.
Roo, beest. Capreus, capreolus,
CATH. et COMM.
ROOBE, garment. Mutatorium.
ROBERD, propyr name. Ro-
bertus.
ROBBYN (or revyn, K. s. p.)
Furor, latrocinor, predor,
(spolio, P. )
ROBBOWRE, on the londe. /Spolia-
tor, predo, vispilio, KYLW.
ROBBOWRE, on the see. Pirata,
CATH. vispilio, KYLW.
ROBOWS, or coldyr.2 Petrosa,
petro, CATH.
ROCHE, fysche. Rocha, rochia,
COMM.
ROCHE, ston. Rupa)rupestCATH.
scopulus, CATH. saxum.
ROCHET, clothe. Supara.
RODE, of londe. Roda.
ROODE, crosse or rode lofte. Crux,
Theostenoferum.
ROODE, of shyppys stondyng'.3
Bitalassum.
RODDE. Contus, (pertica, P.)
ROOF, ofanhowse. Tectum,doma,
c. F. KYLW.
ROOF TREE, (or ruff tree, infra.)
Festum, c. F.
ROGGYN, or mevyn' (or schoggyn,
infra; rokkyn, K.) Agito.
ROGGYN, or waveryn' (or schakyn,
infra^) Vacillo.
ROGGYNGE, or (s)chakynge. Va-
cillacio.
1 Junctus, ci, Ms.junceus, p.
2 Compare COOLDER, supra, vol. I. p. 86. In the Wardrobe Account of Piers
Courteys, Keeper of the Wardrobe 20 Edw. IV. 1480, occurs a payment to " John
Carter, for cariage away of a grete loode of robeux, that was left in the strete after the
reparacyone made uppon a hous apperteignyng unto the same Warderobe.'' Harl. MS.
4780. In later times the word is written " rubbrysshe." Thus Herman says, in his
Vulgaria, — " Battj and great rubbrysshe serueth to fyl up in the myddell of the wall ;"
and Palsgrave gives " Robrisshe of stones, plastras,fourniture." Forby gives Rubbage
as the term used in East Anglia.
3 The terminal contraction may here have the power of ys, — stondyngys, the Roads,
places where vessels stand or lie at anchor. The printed editions give — " Rode of
shyppes stondynge."
436
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ROYTYN', or gon ydyl a-bowte
(roytyn, or roylyn, or gone ydyl
abowte, P.) Vagor, CATH. dis-
curro. !
ROOK, bryd. Frugella, c. F.
KYLW. graculus.
ROOK, of the chesse. Rocus.
ROKE, myste. Nebula, CATH.
(mephis, P.)
ROKKE, yn be see, idem quod
roche, supra.
ROKKE, of spynnynge. Colus,c.F.
UG. rocca, UG.
ROKET, of the rokke (roket of
spynnynge, p.) Librum, c. F.
pensum, Dice. CATH. et c. F.
ROKY, or mysty. Nebulosus.
ROKKE chylder, yn a cradyle.
Cunagito, motito (vel movillo,
s. agitare cunas, P.)
ROLLE. Rotula, matricula,
CATH.
ROLLYN'. Volvo, CATH.
ROLLYNGE, or turnynge a-bowte.
Volucio.
ROMAWNCE idem quod Ryme,2
supra; et Rithmichum, Roma-
gium, KYLW.
ROMAWNCE MAKARE. Melopes,
c. F.
ROME, cyte. Roma.
ROMELYNGE, or privy mysterynge
(preuy mustringe, p.) Rumi-
nacio, mussitacio, CATH.
RoNNON,3 as mylke (ronnyn as
mylke or other lycoure, K. p.)
Coagulatus.
(RONNYN, as dojoun, or masere,
or oj>er lyke, H. p.)4
ROOP. Funis, restis, corda.
ROPAR. Scenefactor, CATH. et
UG. in scenos.
ROPYNGE, ale or ober lycowre (ropy
as ale, K.H. of ale, s.) ViscosusP
RORE, or truble amonge be puple.6
Tumultus, commotio, disturbium-
1 This may be derived from rotare ; as also irregular soldiery were termed, in Low
Latin, rutarii or rotarii. Palsgrave gives the verb " I rowte — I assemble together in
routes, or I styre aboute,^'e me arroute. I lyke nat this geare, that ye commens begynneth
to route on this facyon." See Jamieson, v. Royt.
2 Rome, MS.
3 The power of the terminal contraction is questionable, and may be er — as in uer.
4 RONNYN appears to signify congealed or run together, — Ang.-Sax. Gerunnen,
coagulatus, as milk is coagulated by rennet, called in Gloucestershire running. See also
Jamieson, ». To Rin, to become curdled, &c. As here used in reference to the knotted
wood, of which masers were made, the term RONNYN seems to describe the coagulated
appearance of the mottled grain, not dissimilar to ropy curds. See the note on MASERE,
supra, p. 328. In the note on DORON, p. 125, it has been suggested that the reading
of the MS. may be corrupt, and that the word should be Dogon. In the Winchester
MS. is found — " Doion', DogenaJ"1 This various reading had not been noticed, when
the above mentioned note was printed. Dojoun, or dudgeon, appears to denote some
kind of wood, used in like manner as the motley-grained material called Maser, but its
precise nature has not been ascertained.
5 Riscosus, MS. .
6 Hall, relating the wiles practised by the Duke of Gloucester, says he persuaded
the Queen that it was inexpedient to surround the young King Edward with a strong
force, when he was brought to London for his coronation, for fear of reviving old
variance of parties, " and thus should all the realme fal in a roare." Herman says —
" all the world was full of fere and in a roare (sollicitudinis complebatur}." " Rore,
trouble, trouble." PALSG.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
437
ROORYN, as beestys. Rugio,
CATH. irrugio.
ROORYN', or chaungyn on chaffare
fro a nother (roryn, or chaungyn
chaffare, K.) Cambio, CATH.
ROORYN', or ruffelyn' amonge
dyuerse thyngys (rooryn or
purlyn, amonge sundry thynges,
H. P.) Manumitto.
RORYNGE, crye of beestys. Ru-
gitus, mugitus.
RORYNGE, or changynge of chaffer
for a no]?er. Cambium, per-
mutacio, commutacio.
ROSE, flowre. Rosa.
ROSE, propyr name. Rosa.
ROSE MARY, herbe (Rosemaryue,
K.) Rosmarinus, rosa marina.
ROSEERE (rosijere, K.) Rosetum.
ROSYNE, gumme. Resina.
ROSPEYS, wyne. Vinum rosatum.
ROSPYNGE, or bolkynge (balkynge,
s.) Eructacio.
ROOST ARE, or hastelere. Assator.
ROOSTYD. Assatus.
ROSTYD METE. Ascibarium.
ROST YRYN', or gradyryn'. Cra-
ticula, crates, CATH.
ROSTYD, sum what brennyd (rost-
lyd, somwhat brent, p.) Ustillatus.
ROOSTYNGE. Assatura.
ROOSTYN. Asso, (cremo, P.)
ROOSTONE (rostelyn, K. rostlyn,
H. P.) Ustulo, UStillo, CATH.
ROSTLYNGE. Ustyllacio.
ROT, or rotynge (rott, or corrup-
cion, K. p.) Corrupcio, pu-
trefaccio.
ROOT, of vse and custome (rot, or
vse in custom, p.) Habitus,
consuetudo, assuetudo.
ROTE, of a thynge growynge.
Radix.
ROTYN, or take rote, as treys and
herbys. Radico.
ROOTON, or turne to corrupcyon.
Oorrumpo, putreo.
ROTYN', as eyre. Flactesco.
ROTYNGE, or takyinge rote yn
waxynge (rotynge in the grounde,
K. j.) Radicacio.
ROTYNGE, to corrupcyon chang-
ynge. Corrupcio.
(RoTON, P. Corruptus, putridus.)
ROWGHE, as here or o]?erlyke (row,
K. H. s.) Hispidus, fiirsutus.
ROWGHE, or vngoodely in chere
(row, or vngodyly, K.) Torvus.
ROWGHE, scharp or knotty Crow,
sharp, and knottyd, H.) S(c}a-
ber, c. F.
ROWARE, yn a water. Reme.v,
CATH. (remigex, s.)
ROBARE, or robbar yn the see
(rovare, or thef of the se, K.
rowar as thyf on the see, p.)
Pirata, UG. CATH.
ROWCHERE. Acrimonia, UG. in
acuo.
Row CLOTHE, as faldynge, and
oj>er lyke. Endromis vel en-
droma,1 CATH. birrus, amphi-
balus, sarabarra,2 UG. v.
ROWDYONYS, blaste, or qwyrlwynd
(rowdyows, s, whirlewind, K.
rowdyons, p.) Turbo.
1 Emdromis and Emdroma, MS. the reading in the Catholicon is as above given :
the term signified a shaggy garment, used in the arena, Spdfuu. Compare FALDYNGE,
supra, p. 147.
2 Sarabarsa, MS. The Winchester MS. gives Sarabarra, UG. v. in Rua. " Sarabula,
villate vestes" ORTUS. See Ducange.
438
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ROWE, or reenge. Series, linea.
ROWEL, of a spore. Stimulus,
KYLW.
Row HE, or reyhe, fysche (rowe-
fysshe, K.rowghe,p.) Ragadies.
(ROWHYN', or cowghyn, supra in
hostyn'. Rewyn, s.)
ROWYN', yn watyr. Navigo.
ROWYN', wythe orys. Remigo.
Row to lond, or lede a boote or a
shyppe to londe (ledyn a boote
or schyppyn, s.) Subduco, in-
duco.
ROWYNGE. Remigacio.
ROWYNGE SETE yn a schyppe.
Transtrum, CATH. c. F.
ROWM, space (or rymthe, supra.)
Spacium.
ROWNDE, as balle. Rotundus.
ROWNDE, as a spere or a staffe (a
shaft, s.) Teres.
ROWNDE, for fetnesse. Obesus,
UG. in edo.
ROWNDE GOBET, of what so hyt
be. Globus, UG.
ROWNDEL. Rotundale.
ROWNDENESSE, of a balle or oj>er
lyke. Rotunditas.
ROWNDENESSE, of a spere or a
staffe. Teritudo.
ROWNE, of a fysche. Liqua-
men.
ROWNYN' to-geder.1 Susurro,
CATH.
ROWYNYNGE (M'C) to-gedyr. Su-
surrium, CATH.
ROWTARE, yn slepe. Stertor,
stertrix.
ROWTYN, yn slepe (rowtyn or
snoryn, p.) Sterto, CATH.
ROWTYNGE, yn slepe. Ster-
tura.
RODYR, of a schyppe (rothir, K.
royther, H. royer, s.) Am-
plustre, c. F. temo, CATH. plec-
trum, clavus.
(ROTHYR, or maschel, supra, or
maschscherel. Remulus, pal-
mula, mixtorium.)
RUBBYN', or chafyii'. Frico.
RUBBYNGE. Confricacio.
RUDDY, sum what reede. Rufus,
fulvUS, CATH.JlttVUS, C. F.
RUDDOK, reed breest (roddok,
birde, p.) Viridarius, rubellus,
frig Ma.
RUDDON', idem quod rubbyn',
supra?
RUWE, herbe (rwe, K. p.) Ruta.
RUFFE, fysche. Sparrus.
" To rowne, susurrare. A rownere, susurro." CATH. ANG. In Pynson's " Boke
to lerne French," is the admonition, — " and loke thou rowne nat in non eris — et garde
toy tfescouter en nullez orailles." Palsgrave gives the verbs to " rounde in counsaylle,"
dire en secret, and to " rounde one in the eare," suroreiller. In a sermon at Paul's
Cross by R. Wimbledon, given by Fox, it is said, — " It is good that euerye ruler of
cominalties that they be not lad by follyes ne by none other eare rowner." Acts and
Mon. Anno 1389. Ang.-Sax. Runian, mussiiare.
" Yiff that youre lorde also yee se drynkynge,
Looke that ye be in rihte stable sylence,
Withe oute lowde lauhtre or jangelynge,
Rovnynge, japynge or other insolence."
Treatise of Curtesy, Harl. MS. 5086, fol. 87, v°.
2 Mr. Halliwell gives to "Rud, to rub, to polish, Devon," overlooked by the West
Country Glossarists.
PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM.
RUFFE, candel.1 Hirsepa, funale,
CATH. c. F. et UG. infos.
RUFFLYD, or snarly d. Innodatus,
illaqueatus.
RUFFELYN, or snarlvn (swarlyn,
s.)2 Innodo (illaqueo, s.)
RUFFELYN', or debatyn' (or dis-
cordyn, K. p.) Discordo.
RUFFLYNGE, or snarlyiige. Illa-
queacio, innodacio.
RUFFLYNGE, or debate. Discencio,
discordia,
( RUFFE of an hows, supra in rofe,
P-)
RUFF TREE of an howse (rafters,
Harl. MS. 2274.) Festum, CATH.
RUFUL, or ful of ruthe and pyte.
Pieticus, CATH. compassivus.
RUFULLE, and fulle of peyne and
desese, Anglice, a caytyf (or
pytyous, supra.} Dolorosus,
penosus, calamitosus, c. F.
ROGGYD, or rowghe (rnggyd or
rowe, K. s.) Hispidiis, hirsutus.
BULLION'.3
RUWYN', or for-thynkyn'. Pe-
niteo, vel penitet, impersonate.
RUWYN', or haue pyte (rwyn, or
to ban pyty, K.) Competitor,
RUYNGE, for a thynge (rvyii, or
forthynkynge, K. s. p. Peni-
tudo, penitencia.
RUKKUN, or cowre down' (curyn
doun, K. crowdyn downe, s.
ruckyn, or cowryn downe, p.)4
Incurvo.
RUKKYNGE (rukklyng, Harl. MS.
2274.) Incurvacio.
RULY, idem quod ruful supra.
(rvly or pytowus, K. ruly or py-
teowsly or pytows, p.)5
(RUMMAUNCE, supra in ryme, P.)
RUMMUELON, (sz'c) or prively mys-
tron'. Mussito.
(RUMMELYN, K. H. rumlyn, p.
Rwnino.}
(RUMLYNGE. Ruminacio, P.)
RUMXEYE, wyne.
RUSSHE, idem quod rysche supra.
(nischen, supra in lyschyfi,
Harl. MS. 2274.)
RUMPE, tayle. Cauda.
RUN, or bryyfi', supra in B. (brine
of salt, idem quod brine, s.)
RUSSET. Gresius,(sic},elbus, CATH.
russetus, KYLW. elbidus.
RUST. Rubigo.
RUSTY. Rubiginosus.
RUSTON'. Rubigino.
RUTHE. Compassio.
RUTHE, pyte, idem quod pyte,
supra.
RUTTON', o(r) throwyn' (rwtyn or
castyn, K. rowtyn or throwyn,
1 A Ruffie or Roughie, according to Jamieson, signifies in Eskdale a torch used in
fishing with the lister by night; probably, as he supposes, from the rough material of
which it is formed. A wick clogged with tallow is termed a Ruffy. Roughio in N.
Britain signifies also brushwood or heather. Funalia were torches formed of ropes
twisted together and dipped in pitch.
2 " I ruffle clothe or sylke, I bring them out of their playne foldynge ; je plionne,
jefroisse. See how this lawne is shruffylled." (sic.} PALSG.
3 This word occurs amongst the verbs, in the Harl. MS. without any Latin equivalent.
4 This is placed amongst the verbs, after RUBBYN, (as if written Ruckun). The
word is used by Chaucer. (Nonnes Pr. Tale) speaking of the fox — " false morderour
rucking in thy den." So also in Conf, Am. 72. Forby gives " to ruck, to squat or
shrink down."
5 This word occurs in the Paston Letters, vol. iii. p. 44. " Ye ehaungewas a rewly
chaunge, for ye towne was undo )>erby, and in ye w«rse by an c. li."
CAMP. HOC. ^ L
440
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
idem quod castyn, s. ruttyn' or
throwyn' or castyn, p.) Pro-
jicio, idem quod castyn', supra
in C. (jacto, p.)
SABLE, coloure. Sabellinum, Dice.
SABRACE. Sabracia, coMM.1
SACRAMENT. Sacr amentum*
SACRYN, orhalwyn. Consecro, sacro,
(SACRYNinthemesserp. Consecro.}
SACRYNGE of the masse. Conse-
cracio.
SACRYNGE BELLE. Tintinabulum.
SACRYFYCE. Sacrificium, victima,
CATH.
SACRIFYYN, or make sacrifyce.
Sacrifice, inmolo, libo.
SAD, or hard. Solidus.
SAD, or sobyr, idem est, et maturus
(rnaturatus, s.)
SAD, or sobyr wythe owte lawh'ynge
(nowt lawhyng, K.) Agelaster,
CATH., vel agalaster, UG. in Aug\
SADDYN, or make sadde. Solido,
consolido.
SADELYN' HORS. Sterno, CATH.,
sello.
SADYL. Sella.
SADLARE. Sellarius, UG. in sedeo.
SADLY. Solide, mature.
SADNESSE. Soliditas, maturitas.
SADNESSE, yn porte and chere
(porte or berynge, K.) idem est.
SAAF, and sekyr. Salvus.
SAAF CUNDYTE. Salvus conductus,
vel salvus conventus.
SAPHYRE, preeyowse stone (safyrer
K.) Saphirus.
SAAFNESSE, or salvacyon. Salvacio.
SAFRUN. Crocum, CATH. c. F.
SAGGYN', or sallyn3 (satelyn, P.
stytlyn, s.) Basso.
SAGGYNGE, or satlynge. Bassa-
cio, bassatura, CATH.
SAY, clothe. Sagum, c. F.
(SALADE, H. p.)
SALARY, hyre. Salarium, stipen-
dium.
SALE, or sellynge. Vendicio.
SALE, or pryce. Precium.
SALER. Salinum, CATH.
1 The directions given in the Sloane MS. 73, f. 211, date late xv. cent., for making
" cheverel lether of perchemyne," may serve to throw light on this obscure word. The
leather was to be "basked to and fro" in a hot solution of rock alum, " aftir take zelkis
of eyren and breke hem smale in a disch as thou woldist make therof a caudel, and put
these to thyn alome water, and chaufe it to a moderate hete; thanne take it doun from
the fier and put it in thi cornetrey; thanne tak thi lether and basche it wel in this sabras,
to it be wel dronken up into the lether." A little flour is then to be added, the mixture
again heated, and the parchment well " basked therein, and that that saberas be wel
drunken up* into the lether; and, if it enters not well into the lether, lay it abroad in a
good long vessel that be scheld, the fleschside upward, and poure thi sabrace al aboven
the lether, and rubbe it wel yn." It is also recommended "to late the lether ligge so
still al a nyzt in his owen sabras." In the Ancren Riwle, edited for the Camden Society
by the Rev. J. Morton, p. 364, it is said that a sick man who is wise uses abstinence, and
drinks bitter sabras to recover his health : in the Latin MS. Oxon. " potat araara." It may
be from the Arabic, " Shabra, a drink." See Notes and Queries, vol. ii. pp. 70, 204.
Mr. Halliwell, in his Archaic Glossary, gives — " Sabras, salve, plaster," which does not
accord with the use of the term as above given ; it has not, however, been found in any
other dictionary.
2 Compare Oost, sacrament, Hostia, supra.
9 Sic, probably erroneously so written for — Satlyn, as in K. The archaism — to sag, —
to saddle, is preserved in the Herefordshire dialect.
PBOMPTORIDM PARVULORUM,
441
SALE WORTHY. Vendibilis,
SALYARE. Saltator, saltatrix.
SALYYI?'. Salio, (salto, P.)
SALYYNGE. Saltacio.
SALME. Psalmus,
SALT. Sal.
SALT, or salti (as flesch or oder
lyke, s.) Salsus.
SALTARE, or wellare of salt. Sali-
nator, CATH.
SALT COTE. Salina, CATH.
SALT FYSCHE. Fungia.
SALTYN' wythe salte. Salio, CATH.
et UG.
SALT WATER, or see water. Nereis,
CATH. UG. in nubo.
SALUE (salve, K.) Saliva.
SALWHE, of colowre (salowe, p.)
Croceus,
SALWHE, tree. Salix.
SAMOWNE, fysche. c. ** UG. in
salio.
SANDEL, or sandelynge, fysche.
Anguilla arenalis.
SANGUINARYE, herbe, or myllefolye
hesp.1 Sanguinaria, millefolium.
SANGWYNE, coloure. Sanguineus.
SANOP (sanap, K.)2 Manupia-
rium, gausape,fimbriatum, KYLW.
(tnanutergium, mantile, p.)
SAAPPE, of a tree. Caries, CATH.
c. F. turio, KYLW. UG. in tundo,
carea, UG. in careo.
SAAP, of the ere. Pedora, CATH.
SAP Y, or fulle of sap. Cariosus, c. F.
SAARCE, instrument.
SAARCYN'. Colo, secatio, CATH.
SARRY, or savery. Sapidus.
SATYNE, clothe of sylke. Satinum,
SATYRDAY. Sabatum,
(SATLYN, supra in SAGGYN, p.)
SATLYNGE, idem quod SAGGYNGE.
SAWCE. Salsamentum, CATH., sal-
mentum, salsa, c. F. in sinapium.
SAWCE, made wythe water and salt.
Muria, NECC.
SAWCELYNE (sawcelyme, s.)3
SAWCER. Salsarium, acetabaliun,
UG. in acuo.
SAWCYN'. Salmento, CATH.
SAWCYN', Avythe powder, idem quod
POWDERYN', supra. (Condio,K.p.)
SAWCYSTER, lynke.4 Hirna, hilla,
salsucia, CATH. (salcia, p.)
SAWE, instrument. Serra.
SAWE, or proverbe. Proverbium,
problema.
SAVEYNE, tree. Savina, c. F.
SAVEREY, herbe. Satureia.
SAVERY, as mete and drynke (or
SARRY, supra.) Sapidus.
SAVERYN. Sapio.
SAWGE, herbe. Saligia, salvia,
CATH. C. F.
SAWGER. Salgetum.
SAVYN'. Salvo.
SAVYOWRE. Salvator, Messias,
salutaris.
SAWYN'. Serro.
SAVOWRE, or tast. Sapor*
1 Sic in Harl. MS., possibly erroneously so written for herbe, which is the reading
in MS. S.
2 A Sanop, sometimes written Savenappe — a napkin. See Sir F. Madden's edition of
Syr Gawayn; also Sir Degrevant, v. 1387; Awntyrs of Arthure, v. 437; and the list of
linen in the Prior's chamber, Christ Church, Canterbury, Galba E. iv. f. 36.
3 Possibly the herb called "Sauce-alone, aUiaria, q. d. unicum ci'iorum condimentum,
&c." SKINNER. It is the Erysimum alliaria.
4 A sausage; compare "Hilla, a tripe or a sawcister." ORTUS. "A saucestour, -a
saucige," &c. Harl. MS. 2257. " A salsister, hirna." CATH. ANG. See the note on
LTNKE, supra, p, 306.
442
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORtJM.
SAVOWRE, or smel (or dowre, s.)
Odor,
SAWTER. Psalterhtm.
SAWTRYE. Psalterium.
SAXIFRAGE, herbe. Saxifragium,
saxifragia, c. F.
SCABBARD, or he bat ys scabbyd.
Scabidus, scabida, CATH.
SCABBE. Scabies.
SCABBYD. Scabiosus, (scabidus,
K.)
SCABBYD SCHEPE. Apica, NECC.
UG. in agmts.
SCABYOWSE, herbe. Scabiosa,
jacia alba, et nigra dicitur
matfelon (vel couwede, supra}.1
SCADDE. Cadaver.2
SCAFOLD, stage. Fala, CATH.,
machinis, CATH.
SCALLARDE (scallar, s.) Glabrio,
CATH.
SCALDYN'. Estuo, CATH. excatu-
risat, UG. v. in s.
SCALDYNGE (scaldynge of hete, p.)
EstUS, CATH.
SCALE, of a fysche. Squama.
SCALE, of an heste3 (hefte, K. p.
of a beeste, s.), or of a leddur.
Scalar e.
SCALYN FYSCHE. Exquamo, squa-
mo, CATH.
SCALE WALLYS. Scalo.
SCALLE. Glabra.
SCALLYD (or pyllyd, supra.) Gla-
brosus.
SCALOP, fysche.
SCALT. EstuatUS, CATH.
SCAMONY, spyce. Scamonia.
SCANNE VERSE (scannyn versis, P.)
Scando, CATH.
SCANNYNGE, of verse. Scansto.
SCANT. Parcns.
SCANTLYON, or scanklyone (skank-
lyone, s. p. or met, supra.}
Equissium, mensura.
SCANTNESSE. Partitas, parci-
monia.
SCAPYNGE. Evasio.
SCAPLORY (scapelary, s. scapelar,
p.) Scapulare.
SCARBOT, flye. Scabo, coMM.(scr«io,
K. P. sgarbo, s. J. w._)
SCARCE. Parcus.
SCARSLY (or scantly, P.) Parce.
SCARSNESSE, idem quod SCANTE-
NESSE.4
SCARSYN, or make lesse (or scanten,
p.) Minor o.
SCARRE, or brekynge, or ryvynge.
Rima, rimula, priscus, CATH.
(riscus, P.)
SCARLETT. Scarletum, luteus, KYLW.
et UG. in luo.
SCARLET, colowre. Lutus, UG.
1 See the note on MATFELON, supra, p. 329.
2 Mr. Halliwell gives, in his Archaic Glossary, " SCAD, a carcase, a dead body."
3 Sic, but probably for hefte. In K. and H., and also in Pynson's edition, we find
the following distinction : Scale of an hefte (in K. capula manulrii is the Latin equi-
valent) ; and Scale of a leddyr, scalare. Compare the note on LEDDYR stafe, supra, p. 293.
In the translation of Vegetius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII., "scales of ladders" are mentioned,
lib. 14, c. 2. "Scale of a ladder, eschellon."'' PALSG. " Eschelle, a ladder or skale.
eschelleUe, a little ladder or skale, a small step or greece." COTG.
4 Compare also CHYNCERY or scar(s)nesse, supra, p. 75. In the Legenda Aurea, f. 87, b.,
it is recorded of St. Pawlyne that she gave to the sick largely such food as they asked,
'* but to herself she was harde in her sekenes and skarse." Gower treats at length of
'•' scarsnesse," parcinionia. " Scarce, nygarde or nat suffycient, esc/Mrs : scante or scarse,
escars." PALSC.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
443
SCATE, fysche. Ragadies (scabies,
S.)
SCATERYN'. Spergo, disstpo.
SCATERYNGE (orspai'plynge, infra).
Spercio.
SCAWBERT, or chethe1 (scawberk,
s. scauberd, K. P.) Vagina.
ScAYE,2 (scathe, K. p.) Damp-
num, dispendium, (prejudicium,
S.)
SCAYINE, or harmyn' (scathen, K.
scathyn, s.) Dampnifico.
SCHADOWE. Umbra.
( SCHADOWEN, p.)3 Obumbro, umbro*
SCHADWYNGE. Obumbracio.
SCHADWYNGE place.4 Umbracu-
lum, c. F. estiva, CATH.
SCHAFTE, of a spere or oper lyke.
Hostile.
SCHAGGYNGE, schoggynge, or wav-
erynge. Vacillacio.
SCHAYLARE.5
SCHAYLYN', or scheylyn.' (Dis-
gredior, s.)
SCHAYLYNGE (or scheylynge, s. H. p.
Loripedacio, s.)
SCHAKARE. ExCUSSOr.
SCHAKERE, or gettare. Lascivus.
SCHAKARE, or craker, or booste
maker. Jactator, philocompus,
c. F.
SCHAKKYL, or schakle. Murella, C.F.
numella, C.F. UG. v. (murenula, K.)
SCHAKKLYD. Numellatus.
SCHAKLYN'. Numello, UG. v. in N.
SCHAKYN' A WEY (schaylyn a way,
s.) Excucio.
SCHAKYN or mevyn. Agito, moveo.
SCHAKYN' or waveryn'. Vacillo.
SCHAKYN' or qwakyn'. (whakyn,
K.) Tremo, CATH. contremo.
SCHAKYNGE A-WEY. ExCUSSio.
SCHAKYNGE, or mevynge. Exagi-
tacio, mocio.
SCHAKYNGE, or quakynge. Tremor.
SCHAKYNGE, or waverynge. Vacil-
lacio.
SCHALE, of a not, or oj>er lyke.
Testula.
SCHALE NOTYS, and ofer schelle
frute (schalyn or schille frute, K.
scaly n or shillyn nottis, p.)
Enuclio.6
SCHALMUSE, pypeJ Sambuca.
SCHAME. Verecundia,pudor, rubor.
SCHAME, or schenschepe. Igno-
minia.
SCHAMEFAST. Verecundus, vere-
cundiosus, pudorosus, CATH.
SCHAMEFASTNESSE, idem quod
SCHAME.
SCHAMYN'. Verecundor, CATH.
1 Chethe, MS. The terminal contraction is probably an error. Compare SCHEDE, or
schethe, infra.
3 Sic. Probably for ScaJ>e, as also the verb, which follows, — SCAYINE for ScaJ>ine; in
Add. MS. 22,556, Scathin. " Damnwm, harme or scathe." ORTUS.
3 In Pynson's edition the verbs which commence with SCH are printed SH; the nouns
are printed SCH, as in the Harl. MS.
4 Compare LEVECEL, supra, p. 300.
5 " To schayle, deyradi, et deyredi." CATH. ANG. " Schayler that gothe a wrie with
his fete, boyteux. I shayle, as a man or horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges,
Je vas eschays. I shayle with the fete, Jentretaille des pieds," &c. PALSG. Compare
Cotgrave, v. Gavar, Goibier, Tortipe, Esgrailler, &c. The personal name Schayler still
occurs in Oxfordshire and Sussex.
6 Compare PYLLYN', or schalyn nottys, supra, p. 399.
7 " Schalmesse, a pype, cfialemeau." PALSG. The shalm is figured in Musurgia, by
Ott. Luscinius, &c. ; Comenius, Vis. World, 1659; Northumberland Household Book, &c.
444
PROMPTER] UM PAKVULORUM.
SCRAMBLES, or he pat ys not
a-schamyd of wykkydnesse.
Effrons, inpudens, inverecun-
dus.
SCRAMBLES, J?at chaungythe no
chere (that chaunchyth no colowre
ne chere, s. that chaungeth
neyther chere nor colour, P.)
•Cromaticus, c. F. frontosus, c. F.
SCHANKE.. CrUS, CATH.
SCHAP, of forme, forma, plas-
matura.
SCHAPARE. Aptator, formator.
(SCHAPER, of nought. Creator, P. J.)
SCHAAPYN". Apto.
SCHAPYNGE. Aptura, formacio.
SCHAPYNGE KNYFE. Scalprum,
CATH. scalpellum.
SCHAPYNGE KNY'FE, of sowtarys.
Ansorium, Dice.
SCHARE, of a plowe. Vomer, c. F.
SCHARMAN, or scherman. Tonsor,
attonsor, tonsarius, KYLW.
SCHARPE, of egge. Acutus.
SCHARP, or delyver .* Asper, velox.
SCHARPE, or egyr. Acer.
SCHARPYN', thynge )>at ys dul of
egge. Acuo, exacuo.
SCHARPYN', or steryn' to hasty-
nesse. Exaspero.
SCHARPLY, or redyly. Velociter,
acute.
SCHARPLY, or egyrly. Acriter,
aspere.
SCHARPNESSE, of 6gg6. AcUCteS.
SCHARPNESSE, or egymesse. Acri-
tudo, acritas, CATH.
SCHARPNESSE, or swyftenesse.
Velocitas.
SCHAVE, or schavynge knyfe.
Scalpellum, c. F. scalprum, CATH.
ScHAVELDOWRE.2 Discursor, vaca-
bundus, C.F. CATH. vagus, vagulus.
SCHAVYN. Rado.
SCHAVYN', or scrapyn' a-wey.
Abrado.
SCHAVYNGE, of a barbowre (as
barbure, s. schauynge or bar-
borye, p.) Hasura.
SCHAVYNGE, or scrapynge (scrap-
ynge away, p.) Abrasio.
SCHAVYNGYS, of boordys or treys.
Rasure, ramentum, c. F. et UG.
SCHAVYNGE nowsE,3 supra in B.
item in R.
SCHEDARE, or schethare. Vagina-
rius, CATH.
SCHEDE, or schethe. Vagina.
SCHEDYD, or schethyd. Vaginatus.
SCHEDYN, or chethyn knyfys (put-
tyn in schede, K.) Vagino.
SCHEDYN', or spyllyn'. Effundo.
SCHEDYN, or lesyng. Confundo.
(SCHEDYNGE, p. Vaginatio.}
SCHEDYNGE, or spyllynge. Effusio.
SCHEFFE, or scheef(schefe or schofe,
s. schof, K.) Garba,gelima, CATH.
merges, UG.
SCHEY, or skey, as hors, or styjtyl
(schyttyl, s. styrtyll, p.)4
SCHEYLERE, idem quod schaylare.
SCHEELDE. Scutum, clipeus.
SCHELDRAKE, byrde. Testa.
(SCHELLE, H. P. schel, K. Testa, p.)5
1 Compare DELYVERK, supra, p. 118.
3 This word is used by Wickliffe in his treatise, " Why poor priests have no Benefice,"
App. to Life by Lewis, No. xix. 293; " Many times their Patrens, and other getters of
country, and idle shaveldours willen look to be feasted of such Curates."
3 Compare BARBORERY, supra, p. 24; and RASTYR HOWSE, p. 424.
4 Compare STYRTYL, or hasty, infra, and SCHYTYLLE, p. 447.
5 In the Harl. MS., and also in the Winchester MS., the word SCHELLE is omitted,
Testa being given as the Latin for SCHELDRAKE. There can be little doubt that the
readings of the MSS. H. K., and of Pynson's text, give the correction of this clerical error.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
445
SCHELFE. Epiaster, epilocarium, ar-
marium, c. F., repositormm, COMM.
SCHELTRON, of a batayl. Acies.
ScHE(N)DYN'(sheendyn, s. shendyn,
p.) or lesyn'. Confundo,
SCHENDYN', or blamyn'. Culpo.
SCHENDYNGE, or blamynge. Cul-
pacio, reprehencio, vituperacio.
SCHENDYNGE, or fulle (foul, H.
fowle^ P.) vndoynge. Confusio.
(SCHENKARE, or bryllare of drynke,
supra. Propinator.}
SCHENKYN' DKYNKE.! Propino.
SCHENSCHEPE, or schame. Igno-
minia.
SCHENT, or blamyd. Culpatus,
vituperatus.
SCHENT, ful lost (al fully lost, p.)
Confusus, destructus.
SCHEEP, beest. Ovis.
SCHEPCOTE. Caula, CATH. bercare.
SCHEPHERD. Opilio, c. F. pastor,
mandra, CATH. Archimandrita,
ovilio, maloncinus, c. F. (malo-
nomuSj s.)
SCHEPEERDYS CROKE. Pedum. UG.
in pedos, agolus, CATH. bulus,
c. F. (rullus, s.)
SCHEPERDYS DOGGE. Gregctrius,
CATH.
SCHEPERDYS LOGGE, or cory 2 (curry,
s.) Magalis, mapale, CATH. vel
magale, c. F.
SCHEPERDYS PYPE. Barbita, c. F.
CATH. (calamaula, s.)
SCHEPERDYS CRYPPE (scryppe, A.
scrip, P.) Manticula, CATH.
SCHEPYS LOWCE. P^O, C. F., dS-
karida, KYLW. UG. v.
SCHEPYS PYLETT (pylot, A.) Moles-
tra, c. F. CATH.
SCHERDE, or schoord, of a broke
vesselle (schourde of broken
vessel, P.) Testula, testa, c. F.
SCHERE to clyppe wythe (scherys,
H. P.) Forfex.
SCHERYN', or cuttyn'. Scindo.
SCHERYN', or schere cloth'e. At-
tondo.
SCHERYN', or repe corne. Meto.
SCHERYNGE, or repynge of cornys.
Messura, messio.
SCHERYNGE of clothe. Tonsio,
tonsura.
(SCHERYNGE of wule. s. Tonsus.)
(SCHERYNGE of byrdys. s. Capi-
tonsus.)
SCHERMANN, idem quod SCHARMAN,
supra.
SCHETARE, or archare. Sagittarius.
SCHETE. Lintheamen, lintheum,
c. F.
(SCHETELYS, or gote, supra. Aqua-
_
SCHETYN' yn a bowe (shotyn with
bowes, P.) Sagitto.
SCHYTTYN', or speyryn'. Claudo.
SCHETTE wythe lokkys, or barrys,
or othyr lyke (schetynorschettyn
lockys, K.) Sero, obsero.
SCHETYNGE wythe bowys. Sagit-
tacio, sagittaria, (sagittura. p.)
SCHETYNGE, or schettynge, or spe-
rynge. Clausura.
SCHETYNGE, or lokkynge wythe
lokkys. Seracio.
SCHETTYNGE IN. Inclusio.
SCHETTYNGE OWTE. Exclusio.
1 Dryngke, MS. Compare BRYLLYN', or schenk drynke, supra, p. 51. Chaucer, Mar-
chantes Tale, says of Bacchus, " the wyn hem skinketh al aboute." See also Rob. Glouc.
p. 119 ; K. Alis. v. 7581 ; Geste of Kyng Horn, v. 374. " To skink, affundo. A skinker,
pincerna, apoculis; vide Tapster." G-OULDM. A. S. scencan, propinare.
2 Compare CORY, schepherdys howse, Mipra, p. 93.
446
PHo.MI'TORIUM PAKVULOIU'M.
SCHEWE, or schewynge. Momtra-
cio, ostencio, demonstracio, ma-
nifestacio.
SCHEWYN'. Monstro, revelo, pando,
indico, ostendo, promo.
SCHEWE FORTHE, or put forthe.
Extendo, profero.
SCHEWEN, and make knowe to
the peple (makyn opyn, s.)
Divulgo.
SCHYYD, or astelle (schyd of a
astel, s. schyde wode, K.)1 Teda,
c. F. assula, c. F. astula, CATH.
(SCHYDERE, or flytere, supra in
CUK8TOKE.)
SCHYFTYN', or part a-sundyr (de-
parten asunder, p.) Sepero,
disgrego.
SCHYFTYN', or partyn', or delyn'.
Divido, partior.
SCHYFTYN', idem quod CHANGYN',
supra.
SCHYFTYNGE, or chaungynge. Mu-
taciOj commutacio, permutacio.
SCHYFTYNGE, or removynge. Amo-
cio.
SCHYGGE clothys or oj>er tliyngys.
Excucio.
SCHYGGYNGE. ExCUSSW.
SCHYLLE, and scharpe (schille,
lowde, K.) Acutus, sonorus.
SCHYLLY, and scharply (or loudly,
p. j.) Acute, aspere, sonore.
SCHYLLYN' OWTE, of coddys. Ex-
si(li}quo.
SCHYLLYN' OWTE, or cullyn owte
fro sundyr. Segrego.
SCHYLLYN', or schylle notys. Enu-
clio, CATH.
SCHYLLYN' oysterys, and thyngys
closyd yn schellys. Excortico,
KYLW.
SCHYLLYNGE, of money. Solidus.
SCHYLLYNGE, or owte cullynge.
Separacio, segregacio.
SCHYLLYNGE, of notys (or ojjer
lyke, s.) ExcorticaciO) enucli-
acio, CATH.
SHYLLYNGE, of coddyd cornys, as
benys, peson, and o]?er lyke.
Exsiliquacio.
SCHYMMID, as hors.2 Scutilatus.
SCHYNNE, of a legge. Crus.
SCHYNGYL, or chyngyl, hyllynge of
howsys. Scindula.
SCHYNYN'. Splendeo, mico, luceo,
fulgeo.
SCHYNYN', or glyderyn' (glaren,
p.) as bryghte thyngys. Niteo,
rutilo.
SCHYNYNGE, or bryghte. Splen-
diduSj lucidus, fulgidus.
SCHYNYNGE, or glary(n)ge, or
starynge. Nitidus.
SCHYNYNGE, or bryy3tenesse.
Splendor, jubar, fulgor.
SCHYYPE, of ]>e see. Navis.
SCHYPPE, bot (schyp bote, orbote of
a schyp, P.) Barca, c. F. carabus.
SCHYPPBREKYNGE. Naufragium,
c. F.
SCHYPBROKE. Naufragus, c. F.
SCHYPPE, vesselle to put yn rychel
(richellys, A. schyp for rychyll or
incence, P.) Acerra, CATH. et
Dice, et UG. in acuo.
SCHYPHYRE. Naulum, c. F. nabu-
lum, CATH.
1 Compare ASTELLE, supra, p. 16. " Schyde of wode, buche,mowle de Inches" PALSG.
" Les hasteles (>e chides) fetez alumer." G. de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220. A. S.
scide, scindula.
a Forby, in his Norfolk dialect, gives " Shim, a narrow stripe of white on a horse's face."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
447
SCHYPPYN', or take schyppe. Na-
vicapio. (naviculoj p.)
SCHYPPYNGE. Navigium, c. F.
SCHYPLORD, or owere (owner, K. s.
p.) of a schyp. Navarchus, CATH.
navargus, c. F.
SCHYPMAYSTER. NdUClerUS, CATH/
c. F. navargus, c. F. et CATH.
SCHYPMANNE. NttUtCl.
SCHYPMANNYS STONE. Calctmita,
C. F.
SCHYPWRYTE. NdUpicUS, C.F. (ndU-
CUpUS, S.)
SCHYPPE WERRE. Naumachia, c. F.
navale, c. F. et UG. in nonas.
SCHYRE, cuntre. Comitatus.
SCHYRE, as water and oj?er lycure.
Perspicuus, clams.
SCHYREVE (schreve, s.) Vi(ce)-
comes.
SCHYRT. Camisia, interula, c. F.
SCHYTYLLE, styrtyl, or hasty1
(schityl, on stabyl, K.) Preceps.
SCHYTLE, chyldys game. Sagit-
tella, CATH.
(SCYTYL, webstarys instrument,
infra in SPOLE.)
SCHYTTYL, or (of, P.) sperynge.2
Pessulum, vel pessellum, CATH.
SCHYTYN'. Merdo, egero, stercoro.
SCHYTYNGE. Stercorizacio.
SCHYYTYNGE, or kukkynge vesselle
(cuckynge, H.P.) Lassarium, c. F.
SCHYVERE, of brede or o]?er lyke
(schyve, K. S.P.) Lesca, scinda.
SCHYVYR. Fissula, abscindula,
KYLW.
SCHYVERYN', or ryvyn a-simdyr.
CrepOj CATH.
SCHOO, mannys fote hyllynge. So-
tulartSj calceus, c. F.
SCHOO, for buschopys. Sanda-
lium, COMM.
SCHOO, for hors. Ferrus, babba-
tum, DICC.
SCHOO, clowt. Lanipediwn, vel
linipedium, UG. v. in P.
SCHOD, as men, Calceatus.
SCHOD, as hors. Ferratus, bab-
batus.
SCHODYNGE, or departynge. Se-
paracio, divisio, segregacio.
SCHODYNGE, of the heede (schey-
dynge, s.) Discrimen, Dice.
SCHOOF orscheef, idem quod SCHEEF
supra.
SCHOGGYN', or roggyn'.3 Agito.
SCHOGGYN, schakyn', or waveryfi'.
Vacillo.
SCHOGGYNGE, idem quod ROG-
GYNGE, supra. Agitacio.
SCHOYN, or don on schon. Calceo,
CATH.
SCHOYN' HORS. Ferro, UG.
SCHOYNGE, of menn. Calcea-
cio.
SCHOYNGE, of hors. Ferracio.
SCHOYNGE HORNE. Parcopollex,
CATH.
SCHOKKE, of corne. Congeli?na,
KYLW. tassis, c. F.
SCHOKKYN' schovys, or o]>er lyke.
Tasso, c. F. congelimo, KYLW.
SCHOLD, or schalowe, nojte depe,
1 Compare SCHEY, as hors; supra, p. 444. Margaret Paston, writing to her husband,
says, " I am aferd that Jon of Sp'h'm is so schyttyl wyttyd that he wyl sett hys gode to
morgage." Paston Letters, vol. iv. p. 58.
2 Compare ONDOYNGE of schettellys, supra, p. 365, A. S. Scyttel, a bar, bolt, or lock.
3 See ROGGYN, or mevyn, and ROGGYN, or waveryn', supra, p. 435. Forby gives the
verb to Shug, signifying to shake, in the Norfolk dialect. " I shake or shogge upon one,
je sache."1"1 PALSG.
CAM. SOC. 3 M
448
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
as water or o]>er lyke.1 Bassa
(bassus, p.)
SCHOPPE. Opella, OATH, propala,
miropolum, CATH. selda, KYLW.
(SCHORDE, supra in sherde, K.)
SCHORE, privy parte of a mann.
Pules.
SCHORE, undur settynge of athynge
]>at wolde falle (to under sete
wythe a thynge ]>at wule falle,
s.) Suppositorium.
SCHORNE, as clothe. Attonsus.
ScHORYif, or repyd. Messus.
(•SCHORN, or mowyn, K. Falca-
tus.~)
SCHORNYN', or a-chewyn'. Vito,
KYLW.
SCHORT. • Curtus, brevis.
SCHORT or stukkyd garment.2
Nepticula, c. F.
SCHORT YN'. Brevio, curto.
SCHORTLY. Breviter, curte.
SCHORTNESSE. Brevitas.
SCHORT NESYD, man or woman.
Simus, UG.
SCHOTERE, lytylle boothe (scho-
tererour, lytyl botte, H. bote, s.
schortej or lityl bote, p. j. w.)3
Liburna, c. F. portemia, c. F.
lembus, c. F. (simba, p.)
SCHOTE, or crykke. Tetanus, c. F.
ScHOVELERD,orpopler, byrd(scho-
veler, or popelere, K., scholarde
or poplerd, s. schoues bee, or
popler byrd, p.) Populus.
SCHOVELER, werkere wythe a wes-
selle (a shovyl, s. p.) Tribula-
rius, tribularia.
SCHOVEL, instrument. Tribula,
. NECC. 6t UG. V.
SCHOVELYN' wythe a schowelle.
Tribulo, CATH. arapago, CATH.
SCHOVELYNGE. Tribulatus.
(SCHOWHE, supra in coo, byrde.)4
SCHOWWYN', or puttyn'. Inpello,
trudo, c. F. pello.
SCHOWYNGE (or puttynge, supra.)5
Impulsio, propulsio.
SCHOWRE, of reyne. Nimbus, CATH.
UG. imber, CATH. crepulum, c. F.
SCHOWTE, or grete crye. Tumul-
tus, c. F. vociferacio.
SCHOWTYN'. Vocifero.
(SCHRAGGE trees, infra in SCHRE-
DYN'.)6
SCHREDE, or lyyste. Forago, c. F.
(ligamen, P.)
SCHREDE, or clyppynge of clothe or
oj>er thynge. Scissura, preseg-
men, c. F.
SCHREDYN', or schragge trees.
Sarculo, c. F. sarmento, UG.
SCHREDYN' wortys, or oj>er herbys.
Detirso.
SCHREDYNGE, of trees and o]>er
lyke. Sarmentacio, sarculacio.
1 Compare FLEWE, or scholde, as vessell, &c. supra p. 167. "Sholde, or full of shal-
lowe places that a man may passe over on foote, vadosus." Huloet, 1572.
2 See infra STUK, short ; STUK or schort garment, &c., and also SCUT, garment, nep-
ticula.
3 Schoutes are mentioned in the fleet which conveyed the army of Coaur de Lion to the
Holy Land. See also Piers of Fulham; Parl. Rolls, vol. iv. p. 345, &c.
4 See p. 84, supra, also CADAW, p. 57, and Koo, p. 280.
5 Forby gives, in the Norfolk Dialect, Showing (pronounced like — ow in cow), signify-
ing pushing with force, not the same as shoving. See PUTTYN, and PUTTYNGK, supra,
pp. 417, 418.
" To shrag, castro, vide to lop." GOULDM. " To shrag trees, arboresputare." BARET.
In Holland's Pliny, B. xix. c. 6} it is said that in transplanting leeks the uppermost leaves
should be lightly "shrigged off."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
449
SCHREDYNGE, 01 SchlTlb
bynge, s.) Putamen, c. F. sar-
mentum.
SCHREGGARE. Sctrculator, sar-
mentarius.
SCHREGGYNGE, idem quod SCHRE-
DYNGE, supra.
SCHREWE. Pravus.
SCHREWYD. Pravatus,depravatus.
SCHREWYD HERTYD. PrdVlCOrS,
BRIT.
SCHREWDENESSE. PraVltClS.
SCHREWYN'. Pravo.
SCHRYFTE (schryftnesse, s.) Con-
fessio.
SCHRYFTE FADYR. Confessor.
SCHRYKYN' (or cryen, K. or shulyn,1
' P.) Vagio, vagito, CATH.
SCHRYKYNGE (schrykynge shrylle,
8.)
SCHRYLLE.
SCHRYMP, fysche. Stingus.
ScHRYNE.2 Scrinium, UG. v. (lip-
sana, mausoleum, K.)
SCHRYNYN', or lyyn' (leyn, K. p.)
yn schryne. Scrinio.
SCHRYNKYN.' RigeO, C. F.
SCHRYNKYNGE. jRigiditdS, UG.
vScHRYVYSJ', orbena-knowe synnys
yn schryfte (ben a knowen of
synnes, p.) Confiteor.
SCHRYVYN', or here schryftys. Au-
dire confessiones, nichil aliud in-
veniper grammaticam. (Scapu-
lagito, secundum Lev say, s.)
SCHRUGGYN'. Frigulo.
SCHUDDE, lytylle howse. Teges, c. F.
gurgustium, CATH.
SCHUDDE, or to-falle (schud or
pentys, P.) Appendix, vel ap-
pendiculum, CATH.
SCHUDDE, hovel, or swyne kote, or
howse of sympylhyllyngetokepe
yn beestys. Catabulum, c. F
(Jiara, p.)
(SCHULDERE, supra in COOLDER.
Petrosa.^)
SCHULDYR, of a mann. Humerus,
scapula.
SCHULDYR, of a beest. Armus,
CATH.
SCHULDYR BON. Homoplata, DICO.
homoplatum, KYLW.
SKYRWYT, herbe (scyrwyjth, s.)
Pastinaca, c. F. cum c. non t.
SKYRT. Lacinia, c. F.
SKYTT, idem quod FLYX, supra
(scqwyrt, s.)
SKLAT, or slat stone (sclate or
flat stone, H. p.) Latericia,
ymbrex, c. F. (umbrex, s.)
SKLAWNDYR. Scandalum.
SCOTCHYNE (scochone, K. P.) Scu-
tellum, CATH. (scutulum, P.)
SCOLDE, chydare. Contentrix, li-
(ti)gatrix.
SCOLE, of clerkys. Scola.
SCOLE, to wey wythe (scole, ba-
lawnce, K. p.) Libra, balanx, vel
bilanx, CATH. lanx, UG. in lateo.
SCOLE, of pleyynge gamys, or
werre, or other lyke (gavdys
werre or odyr lyk ]>ynkys. s.)
Gignasium, c. F.
SCOLE HYRE. Scolagium.
SCOLARE. Scolaris.
SCOME, or scum of fletynge.4 Spuma,
1 Sic, probably for shutyn, as printed by J. Notary; shouten, by W. de Worde.
a SCHRYVE, in MS., doubtless an error for schryne, as in K. s. p.
3 This word seems to have the signification of rubbish, such as broken stones, broken
straw, &c. Compare ROBO\VS, supra, p. 435.
Compare FLETYNGE of lycoure, spiimacio, supra, p. 167.
450
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SOUMMYN' lycurys. Despumo.
SCOMOWRE, cokys instrument.
Despumarium.
SCONCE. Sconsa, vel absconsa,
lanternula.
SCOPE, instrument. Vatila, CATH.
alveolus.
SCORE, nowmere (noumbre, p.)
Scoria, vicenarium.
SCOREL, or squerel, beest. Esperio-
lus, COMM. experiolus, c. F. NECC.
scurellus, NECC. cirogrillus, c. F.
et CATH. dicunt cirogrillum ani-
mal spinosum, yrchon.
SCORGE. Flagellum, scutica, c. F.
(SCORGYNGE wythe a baleys, infra
in STRYPE.)
SCORYN' talyys. Tallio, c. F. dico,
CATH. C. F.
SCORKLYD. Ustillatus.
SCORKELYN'. Ustulo, CATH. ustillo.
SCORKLYNGE. Ustillacio, ustu-
lacio, CATH.
SCORNARE. Derisor, irrisor, deri-
satrix, irrisatrix.
SCORNE, or dysdeyne. Indignacio,
derisio, irrisio, dedignacio.
SCORNYN'. Derideo, ludifico, CATH.
irrideo.
SCORPYONE, wyrme. Scorpio.
SCOTLOND. Scocia.
SCOT, mann. Scotus, Scota, Scot-
icus.
SCOWLE, wythe eyne. Oboculo,
KYLW.
SCOWL YD. Radiatus.
SCOWRYN' a-wey ruste (scoryn, P.)
Erugino, erubigino.
SCOWRYN' * wythe a baleys (scoryn,
p.) VerberOj discipline, scopo, UG.
SCOW(R)YNGE. Pernitidacio, per-
lucidacio.
SCRAP YN', or schavyii a-wey
(shrapyn awey, p.) Abrado.
SCRAPYN', a(s) bestys (schrapyn, s.)
Scalpo, CATH. et UG. v. scalpito.
SCRAPYN', as hennys. Ruspor,
CATH.
SCRAP YNGE, or schawynge. Rasura,
abrasio.
SCRAP YNGE, of hennys (and fowlys,
K.) or oj>er lyke. Ruspatus, c. F.
SCRAPYNGE KNYFE. Scalpellum,
CATH.
SCRATTYN', or scratchyii' (cratchyn,
p.) Scrato, CATH. in scalpo,
grado, c. F. in scabio.
SCRENE (or scu, or spere, infra')
Scrinium, ventifuga.
SCRETE, or lethy (Iy3th, or weyke,
K. ley or weyke, P.) Gracilis,
lentus, c. F.
SCRYKYNGE, of chyldyr (screkynge
or schrekynge, K.) Vagitus, c. F.
SCRYPPE. Pera.
SCRYVENER. Scriptor.
SCROW (or BYLET, supra.) Cedula.
Scu, spere in a howse, idem quod
SCRENE. Scrineum, ventifuga.
SCULLE, of the heede. Craneum.
SCULLE, of a fysshe (scul of fysh,
s.)2 Examen, CATH.
1 Sic. This word seems to be synonymous with scourging. Compare STRYPE, or
schorynge with a baleys, infra, where the reading in MS. s. is scorgynge; also WALE, or
strype after scornynge, infra. A Baleys is a rod or whip, virga, supra, p. 22, and is so
explained as a Norfolk word by Wats, Gloss, to M. Paris, — " ex pluribus longioribus
viminibus; qualibus utuntur pcedagogi severiores in scholis." Compare $erde, baleys,
infra.
2 " There is come a scoole of fysshe, examen." HORM. " The youth in sculs flocke and
runne together." Fox, Acts and Mon., Martyrdom of St. Agnes. A. S. sceol, a shoal.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
451
SCULCARE. Lurco, cleps,cleptes,c.F.
SCULRYNGE. Cleptura.
SCUMMOWRE, idem quod SCOMOWRE.
SCURF, of scabbys. Squama, squa-
mula.
SCURFE, of metel. Scorium, c. F.
SCUT, or schort.1 Curtus, brevis.
SCUT, garment. Nepticula, c. F.
SCUT, hare, supra in H. litera.
SEE, grete watyr. Mare, equor,fre-
tum,pelagus,pontus, salum, CATH.
SECHELLE. Saccellus.
SECYN', or levyn'. Cesso.
SECYN', or styntyn'. Desisto.
SECYN',2 or styllyn', or staunchyn'
(secyn, styllyn, or pesyn, P.)
Cedo, CATH. UG.
SECYNGE. Cessacio, desistencia.
SECRETARY, manne of privyte (of
priui counsel, K. p.) Secretarius.
SECRETARY, or place in privy
councelle (place of privyte or
cowncel, s.) Secretarium.
SECUNDE. Secundus.
SEED. Semen, semens, (seminum, p.)
SEDYN', as corne or oper herbis.
Semento, CATH.
SEDYR, or sydyr, drynke. Cisera.
SEDYR, tree. Cedrus.
SEEDLEP, or hopur. Satorium,
supra in H. (satitolum, P.)
SEGE, of syttynge (sege or sete,
p.) Sedile, sedes.
SEGE, of cyte or towne (sege ajen
a toun, castel, or cyte, K. p.)
Olsidium.
SEGE, of a privey (sege or preuy,
p.) Secessus, c. F. (latrina, p.)
SEGGE, of fenne, or wyld gladon
(segge of the fen, or gladone,
K. sedge, P.) Accorus.
SEGGE, star of the fenne.3 Carix.
SEGGE REEKE. Caretum, CATH.
SEYL. Velum, carbasus., c. F.
SEYL KEPARE, or rewlare. Preta,
c. F.
SEYL JERD (seyle yard', p.) An-
tenna, CATH.
" SEYLYN', yn watyr. Vellifico, CATH.
SEYLYN' OVYR. Transvellifico.
(SEYLYNGE, p. Velificatio.)
SEYN'. Dico, (for, P.)
SEYN' or synge messe. Misso,
CATH.
SEYNT, holy. Sanctus, (almus, p.)
SEYNT, or cors of a gyrdylle.4
Textum, Dice.
SEYNTRELLE. Sanctillus, sanctilla.
SEK, of clothe or le]>yr. Saccus.
SEEK, or sekenesse. Eger, infirmus,
egrotus.
SEKETOWRE (or executowre, supra,
seketour or exseketour, p.)
Executor, executrix.
SEKYN'. Quero, inquiro.
SEEKLY, or ofte seke. Valitudi-
narius, c. F.
SEKENESSE. Egritudo, infirmitas.
SEEKENYN', or be seke. Infirmor,
egroto.
SEEL. Sigillum.
SEEL, tyme.5 Tempus.
1 Compare SCHOBT or stukkyd garment, supra, p. 448; STUK, short, and STUK or short
garment, &c. infra.
2 CECYN, MS. Compare STYNTYN, and SWAGYN, infra.
3 Compare CEGGE, supra, p. 64, and STARE, infra.
4 See COOKS, supra, p. 94. " Seynt of a gyrdell, tissu." PALSG. " Ceinct, a girdle."
GOTO.
5 Forby gives " Seal, time or season, as hay-seal, wheat-seal, &c." See also Ray, who
mentions the word as used in Essex. So also P. Langt. p. 334 : " It neghed nere metesel."
A. S. Ssel, opportunitas. Compare BARLYSELE, supra, p. 25, and Cele, p. 65.
452
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SELLARE. Venditor, venditrix.
SELL ARE,1 of dowcet inetys (sellere
of dowsete inetys and smale
thynges, K., dowcet metell and
smale thynges, p.) Velaber,
velabra, c. F. et CATH.
SELKOW, or seeldam seyne (sel-
cowthe, K.) Rarus.
SELCOWTNESSE. HarttaSj CATH.
SELD, or solde. Venditus.
SELDOM. Raro.
SELE, fysche. Porcus marinus.
SELE, horsys barneys.2 Arquillus,
Dice.
SELLE, stodyynge howse. Cella.
SELERE. Cellarium.
SELERERRE. Cellarius, promus.
SELY, or happy.3 Felix, fortuna-
tus.
SELLYN'. Vendo, venundo.
SEELYN', wythe a seele in vax
(wythe sel and wax, K.) Sigillo.
SELYN', wythe sylure. Celo.
SEELYNGE, of letterys. Sigillacio.
SELLYNGE, of chaffare. Vendicio.
SELWYLLY, or he }>at folowythe hys
owne wylle only (selwillyd, K.
selfe wyly, s.)4 Effrenatus, CATH.
effrenus.
SEEM, of a clothe. Sutura, UG.
CATH.
SEEM, of come. Quarterium.
SEMELAWNT. Vultus.
SEMELY, yn sygh'te (or plesaunt,
K. P.) Decens.
SEMELY, comely of schap (wyl-
shapyn, K.) Formosus, elegans.
SEMELY, or yn semely maner. De-
center.
SEMELY, or propyrly (goodly, P.)
Eleganter.
SEMELYNESSE, yn syghte. Decen-
cia.
SEMELYNESSE, or comelynesse of
schappe. Elegancia.
SEMY (sotil, K. semy or sotyll, P.)
Subtilis.
SEMYLY (semely, p.) Subtiliter.
SEMYN', or be-semyii'. Decet.
SEMYNGE, or semys. Apparencia.
SEMLY, gaderynge to-gedyr of men
(semly or congrecacion, K.) Con-
gregacio.
SEMLYNGE, or metynge to-geder.
Concursus.
SEMLYNGE to-gedere yn warre.
Congressio.
SEMLYNGE, or lykenesse. Assimi-
lacio.
SEMOW, bryd. Aspergo, CATH. al-
cto, c. F. alcedo.
SENCE, or incense. Incensum,
thus.
SENCERE (or thoryble, infra). Tu-
ribulum, ignibulum, CATH.
(SENCYN, infra in TURRYBLON.)
SENCYNGE. Turificatio, CATH.
SENDEL. Sindon, CATH.
SENDYN'. Mitto.
SENDYNGE. Missio.
SEEN, to see. Video, aspicio, res-
piceo, intuor, contemplor.
SENE, or be-sene. Apparens, ma-
nifestus.
1 SALLARE, MS. " Velar, venditor minutorum comestibilium in nundinis." ORTUS.
2 " Seale, horse harnesse." PALSG. " Arquillus, an oxe bowe." ORTUS. Possibly
from the French selle.
3 "Felix, sely or blisful : Felicia, to make sely." MED. In a poem in Add. MS.
10053, it is said of Heaven, " There is sely endeles beyng and endeles blys." Chaucer
uses selynesse, in the sense of happiness. A. S. Sel, benc.
4 Compare CELWYLLY, supra, p. 65.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
453
SEENE, o(f ) clerkys (or cene, su-
pra). Sinodus, CATH.
SENGYL, nowt dobyl. Singularis.
SENGYL, or symple. Simplus.
SENGYL, or one* a-lone. Singulus,
solus.
SENGYL, nowt maryd ne weddyd.
Agamus, agama, CATH. solutus,
(innuptu's, p.)
SEENGYN', wythe fyyr. Ustulo,
CATH. ustillo.
SEENGYNGE (seengyd, s.) sum what
brent. Ustillacio.
SENGT* wythe fyre (seynkt, H. p.
sengyd wythe fyre, s.) Ustilla-
tus, ustulatus,
(SENGRENE, herbe, supra in HOWS-
LEKE.)
SENY, or to-kene.2 Signum.
SENY, of a boke. Indula.
SENYE, of an inne or ostrye. Texera,
CATH. et UG. in taxo, tessera, c. F.
SENOWRYE (senery, K.) Senatus.
SENTENCE. Sentencia.
SENTENCYOWSE, or full of sentence.
Sentenciosus.
(SENVYNE, herbe, supra in MUS-
TARD.)
SEPTEMBYR, monythe. September.
SEPTER, mace. Septrum, clava,
CATH.
SEPULTURE, or beryynge. Sepul-
tura.
SEERE, or dry, as treys or herbys.
Aridus.
SERCLE (or vyrne, infra,) Circu-
lus, girus, c. F.
SERCLYD. Circulates.
SERKLYN', or make a sercle. Cir-
culo.
SERCLYNGE. Circulacio.
SEERGYN', or serchyn'. Scrutor,
lustro, perlustro.
SEERGYNGE (serchynge, s.) Scru-
tinium, perscrutacio, scrutacio.
SE(R)IAWNT, of maner place. As-
secla, KYLW. CATH.
SERIAWNT, undyr a domys mann,
for to a-rest menn, or a catche-
pol (or baly, supra.) Apparitor,
c. F. et CATH. satelles, c. F. an-
garius, CATH.
SERIOWRE, or serchowre. Scru-
tator, perscrutator.
SERYOWS, sad and feythefulle.
Seriosus.
(SERIOWSTE, H. p. /Seriositas.)
SEERYN', or dryyn (or welkyn, in-
fra, dryynup, K.) Areo, aresco.
SEERNESSE, or up-dryynge3 of
treys or herbis (sernesse or
drying of trees, K.) Ariditas,
marcor.
SERTEYNE, or sekyr. Securus.
SERTEYNE, wythe owtfayle. Certus.
SERTEYNLY (or sertys, K.) Certe.
SERTYS, idem est. (Procertis, adv.
P.)
SERVAGE, or bondage. Servitus.
SERVAWNT, mann. Servus, famu-
lus, vernaculus.
SERVAWNT, womann. Serva, &c.
SERVAWNT, ]?at folowythe hys
mayster or maystresse. Assecla,
CATH. pedissequa.
SERVYOWSE, or servyable (servy-
1 SENLT, MS., doubtless an error of transcript ; the reading of MS. K. is as above —
Sengt.
2 SEMY, MS., doubtless an error for seny, as the word reads in K. s. P. Compare CENT,
supra, p. 66.
3 Up-drynkynge, MS. Doubtless an error of transcript for updryynge, as in MS. s.,
Vpdriynge. p.
454
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
cyows, or servicyable, a. servys-
able, P.) Obsequiosus, servici-
osns, (servilis, p.)
SERVYCE, of a servawnt. Ser-
vicium, obsequium, minister ium,
famulcttus.
SERVYCE, don for dede menn and
women (or diryge, P.) Exequie.
SERVYCE, done yn holychyrche.
Officium, servicium.
SERVYN', a servaunte 1 (or ser-
vandys, s.) Servio, famulor,
ministro.
SESSYONS. Possessiones (sessio,
K. P.)
SESONYD, yn lond and o]?er goody s
(sesoned in gode, P.) Sesinatus.
(SESONYD, as mete. K. H. s. p.
Temperatus.)
SESYN', or jeue2 sesun in lond or
oj>er godys (sesyn in londys, K.)
Sesino.
SESYN' METYS, or o]?er lyke. Tem-
pera.
SESTERNE, or cysterne }>at re-
ceyvythe water and o)>er lycure.
Cisterna.
SESUN,S tyme. Tempus (tempo-
raneum, K.)
SESUN, yn goodtaky(n)ge. Sesina,
usucapcio, c. F.
SETT, or putt. Positus, collocatus.
SEETE. Sedes, sedile.
SETE, for worthy menn. Orcestra,
UG. vel orcistra, c. F.
SETHYNGE of mete. Coctura,coctio.
SETUALE, or seduale, herbe (setwale,
K. setwaly, P.) Zedoarium.
SETTYN', yn ese and rest. Quieto.
SETTYN', and plantyn. Planto.
SETTYN', and ordeynyn. Statuo.
SETTYN', puttyn', or leyyn'. Pono,
colloco.
SETTYN' AT NOWJTE, or dyspysyn'.
Vilipendo, floccipendo, parvi-
pendo, nichilipendo.
SETTYNGE, or puttynge. Depo-
sicio, collocacio.
SETTYNGE, orplantynge. Plantacio.
SEWARE, at mete. Depositor, da-
pifer, sepulator.
SEW. Cepulatum, KYLW.
SEVENS. Septem.
SEVENTENE. Septem decem, vel
decem et septem, secundum correc-
cionemfratrumpredicatorum,etc.
supra in C.
(SEVENTY, p. Septuaginta.^)
SEVENTY TYMYS. Septuagesies.
SEVENNY3HTE. Septimana.
(SEVEN HUNDRYD, K. Septingenti.}
SEWYN', at mete, or sette mete.
Ferculo, sepulo.
SEWSTARE, or sowstare (soware s.)
Sutrix.
SETHYN', or sethe mete (seyine, or
sethyne, s.) Coquo.
SETHYN', only yn water. Lixo,
CATH. elixo.
SEXE. Sex. Vide supra in C.
(SEXT, P. Sextus.*)
SEXTENE. Sexdecem.
(SEXTY, P. Sexaginta.
(SEXHUNDRED, p. Sexcenti.}
(SEXTEYNE, H. p. Sacrista.')
(SEXTRYE, K. p. Sacristia.) Omnia
alia quevidentur hie esseponenda
sub S litera quere supra in C litera.
1 Sic. Possibly written by the first hand " SERVYN, as servaunte."
2 SESYN a3eue (azene?) MS. This reading seems to be an error, which may be
corrected by that of MS. s. "or 3eve sesyn." " I wyll sease hym in his landes)t/e le says-
iray en ses terres." PALSG. 3 CESUN, MS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
455
SYBBE, or of kynne. Consangui-
neus, contribulis.
SYBYLE, propyr name (Sibbe, K.
Sybbly, P.) Sibilla.
SYBREDE (or bane, p.)1 Banna,
CATH.
SYCOMOWRE, frute. Sicomorum.
SYCOMOWRE, tree. Sicomorus,
celsa, CATH.
SYDEBYNCHE (syde benche, P.)
Subsellium, CATH. et UG.
SYDE BORDE, or tabyl. Assidella,
KYL\V.
SYYD, as clothys.2 Talaris.
SYDE, of a beeste, or oper thynge,
what so hyt be. Latus.
SYDYR, drynke. Cisera.
SYDN ANDYS, or a-syde (or on syd, s.
or a-sleet, infra.} Oblique.
(SYDENEDDE of a roof, vide infra
in stepnesse. Elevacio.)
SIFTYS'. Cribro.
SYFTYNGE. Cribracio,
SYGHTE. Visus.
SYGH'TY. Visibili*.
SYGH'TY, or glarynge, or glyder-
ynge (sity or staring, K. clarynge
or glytherynge, s. staringe or
glaringe, P.) Rutilans.
SYGNYFYYN',S or to be tokenyiT.
Significo, denoto.
SYYNGE DOWNE, or swonynge.
Sincopacio.
SYYNGE, or clensynge (syftynge,
s. siffinge, P.) Colacio, colatura.
SVHGHYN', for moraynge (syhyn, K.
sighen, p.) Suspiro.
SYJHYNGE,-* (syhynge, K. syjynge,
s. sighynge, p.) Suspirium.
SYKYL. Falcillus, falcicula, Dice.
et CATH. (falx, P.)
SYKYR (or serteyne, supra.) Se-
curus, tutus.
SYKERYN', or make sykyr (make
sure, P.) Securo, assecuro.
SYKYRLY. Secure, tute. '
SYKYRNESSE. Securitas.
SILLABLE. Sillaba.
SYLENCE. Silencium,
SYLKE. Sericum.
1 Compare CYBREDE, supra, p. 77. Ray gives Sibberidge or Sibbered, signifying in
Suifolk the banns of matrimony, and Sir T. Browne includes Sibrit amongst Norfolk
words ; see also Forby, under Sybbrit. It has been derived from A. S. Syb, cognatio,
and byrht, manifestus. It has also the signification of affinity. " Affinis, viri et uxoris
cognati, alyaunce or sybberid." Whitint. Gramm. " Consanguinitas, i. affinitas,
sybrade." Wilbr. Diet. " A sybredyne, consanguinitas." CATH. ANG.
2 See the note on CYYD, supra, p. 77. In the Paston Letters it is stated that Clement
Paston had, when at College in 1457, " a chort blew gowne yt was reysyd, and mad of a
syd gowne." Vol. i. p. 145. " Syde as a hode, prolixus, prolixitas ; Syde as a gowne,
Deftuxus, talaris." CATH. ANG. " Robon, a side cassocke reaching below the knees." COTG.
Bishop Kennett remarks that, in Lincolnshire and in the North, the following expressions
were in use, — a " side " field, i.e. long; a "side'"1 house or mountain, i.e. high; and, by
metaphor, a haughty person was called " side." In the description of Coveitise, P. Ploughm.
Vis. v. 2,857, his lolling cheeks are said to be " wel sidder than his chyn and chyveled for
elde;" and, in the Mayster of the Game, a light deer and swift in running is contrasted
with such as have " side bely and flankes," that is loose or hanging down, so as to hinder
his speed. A. S. Side, longus.
3 This word occurs amongst the verbs, between SYMENTYN and SYNGYN; possibly as,
having been written by the first hand SYNGNYFYYN.
4 SY3BYNGE, MS. Doubtless an error; the word (occurring here between Syy,rand
Syk,) having probably been written Syl^hynge by the first hand. Compare Sj^hynge,
infra.
CAMD. SOC, o X
456
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SYLKE WYRME. Bombix, CATH.
SYLLE, of an howse. Silla, soliva,
KYLW. (cilia, P.)
SYLOGYSME. Silogismus.
SYLVERYN'. Argento, (deargento, P.)
SYLURE, of valle, or a nother
thynge (sylure of a walle, s.)
Celatura, celamen, CATH.
SYLURYD. Celatus.
SYMBALE.1 Simbalum, c. F.
SYMENTYN'. Simento.
SYMNEL, brede.2 Artocopus, c. F.
SYMPYLLE. Simplex.
SYMPYLNESSE, or lytylle of valew.
Exilitas.
SYMPYLNESSE. Simplicitas.
SYMPUL, or lytylle worthe. Exilis.
SYMPYLLE, or sengyll, nojt dobyl.
Simplus, c. F.
SYMOND, propyr name. Simon.
SYNCHONE, herbe (synyon, s. syn-
thon, P.) Senecion, camadreos.
SYNDYR, of smythys colys. Casma,
c. F.
SYNE (or tokyn, K.) idem quod
SENY, supra.
(SYNE of an ostry, p. of an in, K.
supra in SENY.)
SYNNE. Peccatum, piaculum, vi-
cium, facinus, crimen.
SYNEWE. Nervus.
SYNFULLE. Criminosus, viciosus.
SYNFULLY. Criminose, viciose.
SYNFULNESSE. PeccaUlitas, vi-
ciositas.
SYNGGARE. Cantor, cantator, can-
tatrix.
SYNGYN'. Canto, psallo, CATH.
cano, pango, CATH.
SYNGE MASSE. Misso, CATH. et UG.
SYNGE SWETELY. -Modulor.
SYNGYNGE, of songe. Cantacio,
modulacio.
SYNGYNGE, of messys. Celebracio.
SY(N)GYNGE JYFTE, or reward for
syngynge. Syparium, CATH.
SYNYN', or a-signyn' (ordeyne or
assynyn, K. p.) Signo, assigno.
SYNKE, for water recey vynge (synke
or recey te of water, p.) Ex-
ceptorium, c. F.
SYNKE, of a lampe (holdinge the
risshe, p.) Mergulus, CATH.
SYNKYNGE. Submersio.
SYNNYN', or do syn'. Pecco.
SYNOPYR, colowre. Sinopis, c. F.
et UG. in sinzurus.
SYYNTYR, or masonrye (sintyr of
masonry, K. syyntir of masunry,
p.) Sinctorium,(cingatorium, P.)
SYPPYN', nowjt fully drynke. Po-
tisso, subbibo, CATH.
SYPPYNGE, lytyl drynkynge. Po-
tissacio, CATH. subbibitura.
SYPREES, tree. Cipressus, cipa-
rissus, c. F.
SYRCUMSYCYON. Circumsisio.
SYR, or lord. Dominus, hems,
kirius.
SYSE, or a-syse, dome of lond.
SYSE, for bokys lymynynge (sise
colour, K. P.)
SYSMATYK. Scismaticus.
SYSOWRE, schere. Forpex.
1 Compare CHYMME BELLE, supra, p. 75.
3 Compare BREDE twyys bakyn, &c., supra, p. 48. In the Afsisa Pants, which regu-
lated the weight of bread of various kinds, it is said, " Panis vero de siminello ponderabit
minus de wastello de duobus solidis, quia bis coctus est." Stat. of Realm. " Simnell,
bredde, siminicm." PALSG. " Artocopus, panis cum labore factus. Placenta, a wastelle
or a symnelle." MED. Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, in regimen for the stone, says,
" I refuse cakebreade, saffron breade, rye bread, leven bread, cracknels, simnels, and all
manner of crustes." &c. " Eschaude, a kind of wigg or symnell." COTG.
PROMPTORIUM PAKVULORUM.
457
SYBTERNE, idem quod SESTERNE,
supra.
SYSTER, only by J>e fader ys syyde.
Soror, CATH. et UG. in sereno.
SYSTER, only be the moder ys syde.
Germana, CATH. et UG. ibid.
SYSTER YN LAWE, broders wyyf.
Fratrissa, CATH. et c. F.
SYSTER YN LAWE, as howsolde
syster, or wyfys syster (as hus-
bandys syster, or wyues syster,
s. P.) GloSj c. F.
SYTTARE. Sessor, sestrix.
SYTTARE, at mete. Conviva.
SYTE. Urbs, civitas.
(SYTH3, H. VlSUS.)
(SYTHY, H. Visibilis.)
(SYTHY, or staring, or glaryng, H.
Rutilans.}
SYTHETHYN' (siyin, K. sythyn, s.
sythen, P.)J Postmodum, postea,
deinde, deinceps.
SYTTYN', on a sete. Sedeo.
SYTTYN', at mete. Recumbo, dis-
cumbo.
SYTTYNGE. Sessio.
SYTTYNGE CLOTHE, or streythe.
Strigium, KYLW.
SYTTYNGE PLACE. Sedile, c. F.
SYVE, for to syfte wythe (syffe, P.)
Cribrum, cribellum.
(SivE, infra in TEMJE. Setarium,
CATH.)
SYVEDYS, or brynne, or palyys.2
Furfur.
SYVYJERE, or maker of syvys
(siveyer, seve makere, K. syuyer',
p.) Cribrarius.
SYVYS, herbe (or cyvys, supra in
C. Nasturtium, s.)
SYVN, of a tree. Vitulamen, CATH.
surculus.
(SiTHE, K. Vicis.)
SYTHE, instrument of mowynge
(sithe to mowyn corne, K.)
Falx.
SYTHYN', orclensyn' lycurys (syffyn,
s. syuyn, p.) Colo.
SYJHYNGE (syynge, s.) Suspiracio.
Si que alia sunt habencia sonum
Sy in prima sillaba, quere supra
in Cy, in C. litera.
SKEY, as hors (or schey, supra.)
Umbraticus, UG.
SKEYMOWSE, or sweymows (skey-
mows or queymows. Abhomi-
nativus, s.)
SKEYNE, of tlirede. Filipulum,
versojilum, c. F. in gyrgyllum.
SKEPPE. Sporta, corbes.
SKEPPE MAKERE. Corbio, CATH.
SKEREL. Larva, UG. et c. F.
SKERYN' A-WEY. Abigo, CATH.
SKERYNGE A-WEY. Abjectio.
SKYE.3 Nubes, nebula, nubicula,
(nubila, P.)
SKYL. Ratio.
SKYLFULLE. Racionabilis.
SKYLFULNESSE. Racionabilitas.
SKYNNE. Pellis, cutis.
SKYNNARE. Pelliparius, CAiH.pel-
lifex, c. F. in mureligus.
1 " Diutinus, longe sythen." ORTUS. A. S. Syddan, deinde, posted.
3 Compare BREN, or bryn, or paley, supra, p. 49, and PALY of brynne, p. 379.
3 " Nubes, a skye." MED. Thus in Lydgate's Minor Poems,
" Thi somerys day is nevir or seelden seyn
With som cleer hayr, but that ther is som skye."
Compare CLOWDE, supra, p. 84, where the reading in MSS. K. H. is Ulowde or skye;
Clowdy, or fulle of skyys; see also HOVYN yu >e eyre, asskyis, &c., p. 251. A. S. Skua,
umbra.
458
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SKYP (or lawnche, supra.') Saltus,
UG.
SKYPPARE. Saltator, saltatrix.
SKYPPYN'. Salto.
SKYRT, of a garment. Trames,
c. F. syrina, CATH.
SKYRWYT, herbe or rote (skerwyth,
8.) Pastinaca, c. F. bandage. F.
SKYTTE, or flyx (flux, s.) Fluxus,
lienteria, dissenteria, (dyaria, p.)
SKYVEYNE, of a gylde (skywen, s.)
(SKOCHON, supra in scochun, s.)
SKOMYN'. Supra in Sco ; et cetera
alia sillaba.
SLABBARDE (slabbar, j.) Morosus,
tardus.
SLAK. Laxus.
SLAG, or fowle wey (slak as fowle
wey, K.) Lubricus, lutosus, li-
mosus.
SLAY, webstarys loome. Lana-
rium, radius, CATH. et c. F.
SLAKYN'. Laxo, CATH.
SLAKYNGE. Laxacio,
SLAKNESSE. Laxatura.
SLAT stone, idem quod SCLAT.
Ymbrex.
SLAW, yn mewynge. Tardus,
piger, torpidus, morosus.
SLAW, or dul of egge (dulle of wyt,
K.) Ebes, obtusus.
SLAVEYNE, garment (slaueyn,
clothe, K.) Saraballum, sarra-
barrum, COMM. et Dice, birrus.
c. F. endromades, CATH. et UG.
vel endroma, (endromis, c. F., p.)
SLAVYR. Orexis, UG. v. in L. et KYLW.
SLAVERYNGE. Orexacio, orexia,
UG. V.
SLAVERON. Orexo, CATH.
SLAWLY. Tepide, pigre, tarde.
SLAUN.DER, or sclaunder. Scanda-
lum, calumpnia, c. F.
SLAUNDERYD. Calumpniatus,
scandalizatus.
SLAWNDERON. Scandalizo, ca-
lumpnior, CATH.
SLAWNESSE, of mewynge. Morosi-
tas,tarditas,pigritia,(moritas,K.)
SLAWNESSE, • or dulnesse of egge.
Ebetudo, obtusitas.
SLAWTHE (supra in slawnesse, P.)
Pigricia, accidia.
SLAWTYR, of beestys. Mactacio.
SLEDE (instrument, K. P.) to draw
wythe.1 Tha, trava, C.F. traha,UG.
SLEYTHE (or quentyse, supra, or
slynesse or wyle, infra, sleight,
p.) Astucia, cautela.
SLEYTHE, of falsehed (or wyle,
infra, sleyth, or falnesse, s.)
Versucia, dolositas, calliditas,
meander, c. F.
SLEKYSTON (sleken stone, K. H.)2
1 See HAROWE, supra, p. 228.
3 " Amiathon, a slyke stone (al. a sclykstone)." MED. " Linatorium, a sleke stone.
Lucibricimictium, a sleyght stone." ORTUS. " A sleght stone, lamina, licinitorium, luci-
bricnnculum.'1'1 CATH. ANG. " Slyckestone, lisse a papier, lice.'' PALSG. " Sleeke stone,
pierre calendrine." SHERW. In former times polished stones, implements in form of a
muller, were used to smooth linen, paper, and the like, and likewise for the operation
termed calendering. Gautier de Bibelesworth says,
" Et priez la dame qe ta koyfe luche (slike)
De sa luchiere (slikingston) sur la huche."
In directions for making buckram, &c., and for starching cloth, Sloane MS. 3548, f. 102,
the finishing process is as follows : " cum lapide slycstone levifica." Slick-stones occur
in the Tables of Custom-house Rates on Imports, 2 James I. ; and about that period large
•stones inscribed with texts of Scripture were occasionally thus used. See Whitaker, Hist.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
459
Linitorium, lucibriunculum, lici-
nitorium, Dice.
SLEKYN'. Licibricinnulo, (?) KYLW.
SLEKKYN' (sleckyn or whechyn, K.)
Extinguo.
SLEKKYNGE, or qwenchynge. Ex-
tinctio.
SLEEN', or slee bestys (slene or
killyn bestis, P.) Occido, tru-
cido, interficio, interimo.
SLEN,orkyllynbeestys as bocherys.
Macto.
SLENDYR. Gracilis.
SLEPE. Somnus, sopor, dormicio.
SLEPARE. Dormitor, somniosus.
SLEPY, or hevy of slepe. Sompno-
lentus.
SLEPY^'. Dormio, soporo.
SLEET, or a-sleet. Oblique.
SLEET, of snowe. Nicula, CATH.
SLEVE. Manica.
SLEVE garmentys (slevyn or settyn
on sleuys, K.) Manico, CATH.
SLEWTH'E, idem quod SLAWNESSE,
supra.
SLEWTHYN', or sluggon'. Torpeo,
torpesco.
SLY. Cautus, astutus, callidus.
SLY, and false to-gedyr. Subdolus,
dolosus, versutus, versipellis, c. F.
SLYCE, instrument. Spata, spatula,
Dice.
SLYDERYN' (slidyn, K.) Labo,
vel labor, CATH.
SLYDYNGE. Lapsus.
SLYDYR (or swypyr as a wey, in-
fra.) Lubricus.
SLYDYRNESSE. Labilitas.
SLYKE, or smothe, Lenis, cum n.
non v.
SLYKESTON, idem quod SLEKESTON.
SLYLY (or warely, infra.) Astute,
caute (callide, P.)
SLYMANNE, and doggyd. Ardulio,
c. F.
SLYME (or slype, infra.) Limus,
uligo, c. F. et UG. in ulva.
(SLYMOWS, orlymows, p. Limosus.)
SLYNESSE, idem quod SLEYTHE,
supra.
SLYNGARE. Fundibularius, c. F.
SLYNGE. Funda,balea,c.F.etcATH.
SLYNGYN'. Fundo, CATH. fundi-
balo, c. F.
SLYP, or skyrte. Lascinia ; glossa
Merarii.
SLYP, (slype, s. slypp, p.) idem
quod slyme.
SLYTYN', or weryn. Attero, vetero,
CATH. invetero.
SLYTYJJ, orweryd. Veteratus,CATH.
vetustus, vetustate consumptus.
SLYTYNGE. Veteracio, consumpcio.
SLYVYN' A-SUNDYR (or ryvyn, p.)
Findo, effisso, KYLW.
SLYVYNGE, cuttynge a-wey. Avul-
sio, abscisio.
SLYVYNGE, of a tre or o]>er lyke.
Fissula.
SLO, frute. Prunum, vel spinum,
c. F. et KYLW. prunellum.
(SLOO tree, p. Prunus.)
SLOBUR, or slobere. Feces im-
munde.
SLOBUR, or blobur of fysshe and
ofer lyke. Burbulium, UG. in
burgo.
SLOFFYNGE, or on-gentyll etynge
(onkyndely etynge, K.) Voracio,
devoracio, lurcacitas.
SLOKNYN', idem quod SLEKXYN, su-
pra (slokkyn supra in slekkyn, p. )
Craven, p. 401, n. There was a specimen in the Leverian Museum. Bishop Kennett, in
his Glossarial Collections, v. Slade, alludes to the use of such an appliance, — " to sleek
clothes with a sleek-stone."
460
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SLOKNYNGE, or qwenchynge (sloke-
nynge or whenchinge, K.) Ex-
tinctio.
(SLOMERYNG, K.) Dormitacio.
SLOMERON'. Dormito, nictitor,
KYLW.
SLOPPE, garment (slop, clothe, K.
p.) Mutatorium, c. F.
SLOOR, or sowr (slory or sowre, K.
slore or soore or cley, s. H. p.)1
Cerium, limus.
SLORYYD. Cenosus, cenolentus,
lutulentus, c. F.
SLOOT, or schytyl of sperynge (slot
or shetil, p.) Pessulum.
SLOT, or schytyl of a dore. Vero-
lium, COMM.
SLOTHE, where fowle water ston-
dythe (or poyel, supra.) Lacuna,
CATH.
SLOTHE, where swyne or o]?er
bestys han dwellyd (sloughe, w.
ye hoggys welwyn, K. han well-
ywyd, s. where hoggys walowen,
p.) Volutabrum, CATH.
SLOTHE, where water stondythe
aftyr reyne. Colluvium, collu-
vies, vel colluvio, UG. in luo.
SLOTURBURGGE (slotyrbugge, K. s.
p.) Cenulentus, maurus, CATH.
obcenuSj UG. v. in L. putibundus,
C. F.
SLOTERON', or defowlyn' (sloteryn
or done fowly, p.) Maculo, de-
turpo.
SLUGGE. Deses, segnis.
SLUGGY. Desidiosus, torpidus, ig~
navus, CATH.
SLUGGYDNESSE (slugnes, K.) Tor-
por, segnicies, ignavia.
SLUGGYN'. Desidio, torpeo, pigri-
tor, CATH.
SLUMMERARE. Dormitator, dor-
mitatrix.
SLUTTE. Cenosus, cenosa.
SLUTTY. Cenulentus, CATH.
SLUTTYLY (slutly, K. eluttysshly,
p.) Cenulente.
(SLUTHNES, K. Cenositas.)
SMAK, or taste. Gustus.
SMAKYN', or smellyn. Odoro.
SMALYN', or make lesse. Minoro.
SMALLE, as a wande. Gracilis.
SMALLE, or lytylle. Parvus, mo-
dicus.
SMAL WYNE. Villum.
SMEKE, or smoke. Fumus.
SMEKYN', or smoky n'. fumo, fu-
migo.
SMEKYN', or smokyn1 as hote ly-
cure. Vaporo.
(SMEKYNGE, or mevyn wythe ple-
sauntetokenys, infravo. STYRYN'.)
SMEL. Odor, vel odos.
SMEL, of rostyd mete. Nidor,
c. F.
SMELLYN", idem quod SMAKYN',
supra, et olfo, c. F.
SMELLYN' SWETE. Fragro.
SMELLYNGE. Odoracio, olfactus.
SMELTE, fysche. (Stingus, p.)
SMERT. Ustio.*
SMERTYN'. Uro.
SMET, or smytyn'. Percussus.
SMETHE, or smothe(smethenes, K.)3
Planicies.
1 Compare GORE, or slory, supra, p. 203. " To slorry or make foul, sordido." GOULDM.
"Souille, soiled, slurried, smutched, &c.; Souiller, to soyle, slurrie; Ordi, fouled, slurried,
slubbered." COTG.
3 Vistio, MS. Ustio, MSS. S. P., is doubtless the true reading.
3 Forby gives Smeath, signifying in Norfolk an open level of considerable extent, for
instance Markam Smeath (pronounced Smee,) famed in the sports of the Swaffham coursing
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
461
SMYLYN'. Subrideo.
SMYLYNGE. Subrisus.
SMYTHE. Faber, ferrarius, OATH.
SMYTYN'. Ferio, percutio.
SMYTE FYYR. Fugillo, CATH.
SMYTYNGE. Percussio, percus-
sura.
SMYTHY. Fabricia (fabrateria,
s. p.)
SMYTHYS CHYMNEY, or herthe. Fa-
brica, c. F. (epicastorium, p.)
SMYTHYS HAMYR. Marcus, CATH.
SMYTHYS TONGGE (tongys, K.) Te-
nella, CATH.
SMOK, schyrt. Camisia, interula,
instita, UG. v. (subocula, vel sub-
uncula, P.)
SMOKE, reke, idem quod REKE.
SMOKY. Fumosus.
SMORE, wythe smeke. Fumigo.
SMORYD. Fumigatus.
SMORYNGE. Fumigacio.
SMOTHE, pleyne. Planus.
SMOTHE, or softe. Lenis, cum n.
non v.
SNAYLE, crepare. Limax, limata,
CATH.
(SNAYLE, as of pentys, supra in
CERCLE. Spira.)1
SNAKE, wyrme. Anguis, CATH.
in anguilla.
SNARE. Laqueus, pedica, CATH.
tendicula.
SNARYD, or snarlyd (or marlyd,
supra.) Illaqueatus, laqueatus.
SNARYN', or snarlyn'.2 Illaqueo.
SNARYNGE, or snarlynge (or ruf-
flynge, supra.) Illaqueacio.
(SNARLID, K. Illaqueatus.)
SNATTYD, or schor(t) nosyd.3 Si-
mus, c. F.
SNEKKE, or latche. Clitorium,
pessulum, KYLW. pessum, NECC.
SNEKE, orthepoose (pose, K. H. s.)
Catarrus, c. F. corisa, rupea.
SNYBBYN', or vndur-takyn. Re-
prehendo, deprehendo.
SNYBBYNGE, or vndyrtakynge. De-
prehencio, redargucio, (repre-
hencio, K.)
SNYPE, or snyte, byrde. Ibex.
SNYVELARD, or he ]>at spekythe yn
the nose. Nasitus, KYLW.
SNYTYN' anese or a candyl. Emun-
go, mungo.
SNYTYNGE, of a nose or candyl.
Munctura, CATH. emunctura.
SNYTYNGE,4 of a candel (snytele,
meeting. An extensive level tract near Lynn, formerly fen, is called the Smeeth; and
to the south-west of Lynn there is a very fertile plain, celebrated as pasture for sheep,
called Tylney Smeeth. A. S. Smseth, planicies.
1 " Testudo, a snayle, curva camera templi, curvatura, lacunar, a voute." MED.
2 Compare INTRYKYN, supra, p. 262, MARLYN, p. 327, and RUFFELYN, p. 439. Pals-
grave gives the verb " I snarle, I strangle in a halter, or corde, Je estrangle : My gray-
hounde had almost snarled hym selfe to night in his own leesse." See Forby's Norfolk
dialect, v. "Snarl, to twist, entangle, and knot together as a skein." Cotgrave gives
" Grippets, the rufflings or snarles of ouer-twisted thread."
3 " All mooris and men of Ynde be snatte nosed, as be gotis, apis, &c." HORM. In
K. Alis. v. 6447, " fuatted nose " should doubtless be read snatted.
4 " Instrument " ought here probably to be supplied, according to the readings K. p.
" Emunctorium, ferrum cum quo candela emundatur, a snuffyng yron." ORTUS. The
following description of a pair of snuffers, about 1450, is found in the curious poem on the
officers of a household and their duties, appended to the Boke of Curtasye, Sloane MS.
1986, f. 46, b. where, after describing various kinds of candles made by the " Chaudeler,"
we read that that official—
462
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
s. snytinge instrument, K. P.)
Munctorium, emunctorium, CATH.
(SNUFFE, of a candel, s. Muco.^)
(SNOKE, K. p. Mustilacio.'}
(SNOKYN, or smellyn, K. p. Nicto.)1
SNOKYNGE. Olfactus,
SNORARE. Stertor, (stertens, s.)
SNORYN', yn sleep. Sterto.
SNORYNGE. Stertura.
SNOTHE, fylthe of the nose (snotte,
s.) Polipus, CATH. (pus, mucus,
*•)
SNOW. Nix.
SNOWYN'. Ningit.
SNOWTE, or bylle. Rostrum, c. F.
promussida, c. F.
SNVRTYN', or frowne 2 wythe ]>e
nese for scorne or schrewde-
nesse. Nario, CATH.
Soo, or cowl, vessel. Tina, CATH.
So, or on thys wyse (so or that
wyse, P.) Sic, siccine, taliter.
SOBBYN'. Singulto, UG.
SOBBYNGE. Singultus, (singulcio,K.)
SOBUR. Modestus, sobrius.
SOBERYN', or make sobyr. Sobrio.
SOBURNESSE. Sobrietas, modestia.
SOCKE.3 SOCCUS, CATH. et UG. m
sagio (peda, K. pedana, p.)
SOCOWRE. Refugium, confugium,
tutela, (refrigerium, p.)
SOCOWRYD. Defensus, supporta-
tus, contutatus, (refugitus, P.)
SOCOWRYN', yn helpynge or de-
fendyn. Tuor, contutor, CATH.
succurro. .
SOCON, or soke mylke. Lacteo,
lallo, sugio, CATH.
SODARY, or sudary. Sudarium.
SODEYNE. Subitaneus, repentinus.
SODENLY. Subito, repentine.
SoDEYNTE.4 Subitaneum.
SODEKENE, or subdekenc. Sub-
diaconus, nathineus, CATH.
SOFYME. SopJiisma.
SOFYSTER. Sophysta.
SOFYSYN'. Sufficio.
SOFTE, yn felynge or towchynge.
Mollis.
SOFTE, or myyld (meke, s.) Pius,
mansuetus, suavis.
SOFTE, or esy wythe owte grete
dene (dynne, s.) Tranquillus.
SOFTE, in mevynge. Lentus.
SOFTE and smothe. Lenis, pla-
nus.
SOFTYN', or make softe. Mollio,
CATH.
" The snof of horn dose a- way
Wyth close sesours, as I jow say,
The sesours ben schort and rownde y close,
Wyth plate of irne vp on bose."
1 " Nicto, to snoke as houndes dooth when following game." ORTUS. " Indago, to
snook, to seek or search, to vent, to seek out as a hound doth." GOULDM. Compare
BAFFY"N, and baffynge, supra, p. 20, and WAPPYN, infra.
2 Srowne, MS. Compare FROWNYN wythe the nose, supra, p. 181, where JVasio is the
reading of the Latin word, here correctly written. *•' Nario, i. subsannare, nares fricare,
&c. to scorne or mocke." ORTUS.
3 Compare PYNSONE, sokke, s?tpra, p. 400. " Socke for ones fote, chausson." PALSG.
" Cernu, a socke without sole." MED. " Linipedium, a hose or a socke of lynnen cloth."
ORTUS. A satirical writer, t. Edw. II., says of the monks that this is the penance they do
for our Lord's love, — " Hii weren sockes in here shon, and felted botes above." Polit.
Songs, p. 330.
4 Compare HASTE, yn sodente, impetus, supra, p. 228.
PROMPTOBIUM PARVULORUM,
463
SOFTYN", or esyn of peyne (softyn
wit resone, K.) Mitigo, alle-
vio.
SOFTYN', or comfortyn yn sorowe
and mornynge. Delinio.
SOFTENESSE, yn towchynge. Mol-
licies, mollicia, CATH.
SOFTENESSE, or myldenesse. Man-
suetudo, benignitas.
SOFTENESSE, or smothenesse. Le-
nitas, cum n. non cum v.
(SOGGON', infra in water soggoii',
Aquosus.)
(SOHOWE, howntynge crye, supra
in H.)
(SoYLE, infra in sule, et supra in
moold.)
SOIOWRYN',! or go to boorde (soiw-
ryn, K.) Convivor, UG. perpen-
dino, c. F. (prehendiho, s.)
SOIURNAUNT (soioraut, p.) Com-
mensalis, mansionarius, convi-
vator, convivatrix, UG. in vivo,
mansionaria.
SOKERE, or he ]?at sokythe. Su~
gens, (lactens, P.)
SOKARE of mylke, or sokerel that
longe sokythe. Mammotrepus,
CATH. et c. F.
SOKELYNGE, herbe (or suklynge,
infra.} Locusta.
SOKELYNGE, or he J>at sokythe.
Sububer, UG. vel sububis, UG. v.
in L.
SOKET, of a candylstykke or o|>er
lyke. Alorica, vel alarica, KYLW.
et UG. v.
SOKYN' yn lycure (as thyng, K.)
to be made softe, or other
cawsys ellys (as thinge to be
soft, P.) Infundo; et istud habetur
a physicis medicinalibus (as ly-
cowris, s.)
SOKYS' YN, as lycure yn dyuerse
pyngys, or drynkyn yn' (sokyn
in diuers ]>yngys, s.) Inbibo.
SOKYNGE, or longe lyynge in ly-
cure. Infusio, inbibitura.
SOKYNGE, of a pappe or tete. Lac-
tacio, succio.
SOKYNGE GRYCE. Nefrendus,CATH.
SOKYNGE GROWNDE, as sondy
grownde and other lyke (soking
in as a sondy grownd, K.) Bi-
bulus, CATH. (et Boetius, s.)
(SOKYNGLY, idem quod esyly.)
SOOKNE, or custome of hauntynge
(soken or custome, p. custome
or hawntynge, s.) Frequent-
ado, concursus.
SOLACE (or spoort, infra.) So-
latium, solamen.
SOOLE, beestys teyynge z (teyinge,
K. teiynge, P.) Trimembrale,
KYLW. muligo, KYLW. ligaculum,
KYLW. boia, CATH.
SOLE, fysche. Solia, CATH.
SOLE, of a foot. Planta.
SOLE, of a schoo. Solea, CATH.
SOLEYNE, or a mees of mete for on
a-lone (soleyne or a mele of mete
of one alone, p.) Solinum.
SOLEYNE, of maners, or he ]?at lo-
vythe no cumpany. Solitarius,
1 Ski probably for Soiowrnyn. Palsgrave gives — " I sejourne, I boorde in another
mannes house for a tyme, or I tarye in a place for a season, Je sejourne. I sojourne/'
&c. id. " Convivo, to feeste or to geste, vel simul vivere, to lyue togyder." ORTUS.
2 " Sole, a bowe about a beestes necke." PALSG. " Reslis, a sole to tie beasts."
GOULDM. A. S. Sol, Sole, a wooden band to put round the neck of an oxe or a co\v
when tied up in a stall. The word is still in use in certain local dialects, as in Hereford-
shire and Cheshire.
CAMD. SOC. 3 O
464
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
aceronicus, CATH. vel acheroni-
cus, c. F.
SOLEMNE (solenne, s.) Solemp-
nis.
SOLEMPNE, or feestfulle (solenne,
K. s.) Festivus, celeber.
SOLEMPNYTE (solennite, s.) So-
lempnitas.
SOLEMPNYTE, of a feest. Festivi-
tas.
SOLERE, orlofte.1 Solarium, hec-
theca, c. F. menianum, COMM.
SOLFON'. Solfo.
SOLFYNGE. Solfacio (soluacio, p.)
(SoLVYN, supra in onbyyndyn.)
SOLWYD (solowed, p.) Macula-
tus, deturpatus, sordidatus.
SOLWYN', or fowlyn (solowyn, p.)
Maculo, deturpo, (sordido, p.)
SOLWYNGE (solowynge, p.)2 De-
turpacio, sordidacio, (niacula-
cio, P.)
SOMENOWRE. Citator.
So MEKYL (so moch, p.) Tantum.
(tantummodo, p.)
SOMER hors.3 Gerulus, CATH. et
COMM. somarius, CATH. summa-
rius, COMM. (bajulus, sellio, P.)
SOMER tyme. Estas.
SOMYR CASTELL.4 Fala, C. F.
SOMYR LAYLOND. NoVClU.
( SOMYR GAME, supra in play.)
SOMORON, or a-bydyn' yn' somyr.5
Estivo, c. F.
SOMOWNYN'. Cito.
SONNARE, or rathere. Cicius.
SOND. Sabulum, CATH.
SOND, or gravel. Arena.
SOND HYLLE, or pytte. Sorica,
CATH.
SOND, or sendynge. Missio.
SOND, or 3yfte sent (jeft y-send, s.)
Eccennium (encennium, xennium,
s.)
SONE. Filius.
SONE IN LAWE. Gener, c. F.
SONE, not longe a-bydynge. Cito.
SONGE. Cantus, canticum.
SONGE, yn halle or chambyr. Can-
tilena.
SONGE, of a manne a-lone. Mo-
nodia, KYLW. vel monoci(nC)um.
SONGE, of twey menne. JBicinium,
KYLW.
SONGE, of thre menn. Tricinium,
KYLW.
SONGE, of many menn. Sincin-
nium, KYLW. Nota eciam tetra-
ci(nf)um et pentaci(ni)um de
aliis.
SON YON', idem quod SOYNYN (soynyn
or assonyyn, p.)
1 " Sollar a chambre, solier. Seller a lofte, gamier."1"1 PALSG. " Hecteca, dicitur
solarium dependens de parietibua cenaculi. Menianum, solarium, dictum a menibus, i.
muris, quia muris solent addi." ORTUS. In the Boke for Travellers, the hostess says of
persons arriving at an inn — " Jenette, lyghte the candell and lede them ther aboue in the
solere to fore." Compare GARYTTE, hey solere, supra, p. 187.
2 Compare SOWLYNGE, infra.
3 Compare MALE HORSE, gerulus, somarius, supra, p. 323. " Sompter horse, sommier."
PALSG.
4 Compare TOWRE made oonly of tymbyr, fala, infra. " Fala, Angl. a toure of tree."
ORTUS. " Sommer castell of a shyppe." PALSG. In the translation of Vegecius, Roy.
MS. 8 A. XII., mention occurs of "somer castell or bastyle " brought against the walls by an
enemy, f. 103; and of " somercastelles, bastelles, and piles," to protect the supplies of pro-
visions, f. 68 b.
5 This verb occurs in the MS. between SOPOSYN and SORWYN.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
465
SOPARE, marchaimt (or chapman,
P.) Saponarius, KYLW.
SCOPE. Smigma, c. F. sapo.
SOPPE. 0/a, offula, (offella, p.)
( SOPPE, yn watyr, K. Ypa.)
( SOPPE, in wyne, K. H. Vipa.)
(SOPER, K. Cena.)
(SOPHYM, supra in sofym, K.)
SOPOSYN'. Suppono, estimo, sus-
picor.
(SOPOSYNGE, infra in supposynge.)
SOORE, wonde or botche, Morbus.
SOORE, or grevows and dyshesyd
for sorenesse. Morbosus, mor-
bidus.
SORE, or grevowsnesse. Gravamen.
SOORE, fylthe or sovr (sowre, filthe,
s. p.) Limus, cenum, lutum.
SORCERY, wyche crafte. Sortile-
gium.
SOREL, herbe. Surella, c. F. ac-
cidula, c. F. acetosa, solatrum,
Dice.
SORY, and hevy yn herte. Tristis,
mestus, molestus.
SORYLY. Triste, moleste.
SOORY, or defowlyd yn sowr or
fylthe (sowry or defiled in soure,
p.) Cenosus, cenulentus, lutu-
lentus, (limosus, lutuosus, P.)
SORYNESSE, or hcvynesse. Tris-
ticia, luctus, molestia, mesticia.
SORYP. Sorypus, c. F. et COMM.
SOORT (sort or lotte, H. s. p.) Sors.
SOROWE. Dolor, meror, tristicia,
gemitus.
SOROW, for lost of gudde (for losse
of godes, s.) Dividia^) glossa
Merarii.
SOROW for syn, wylfully takyn'.
Contricio.
SOROW for syn, take for drede of
peyne more than for drede of
Godde (more than for disple-
sawnce of God, K.) Attricio.
SOROWFULLE, or fulle of sorow.
Merens, lugubris, c. F. tristis,
gemibundus.
SORWYN'. Doleo, gemo, lugeo,
ejulo.
(SORWYNGE, supra in sorowe, H.)
(SoRPORRYD,wythe meteordrynke,
supra in agrotonyd.)
SOORTYN', or settyn yn a soorte.
Sortior.
Sos, how(nd)ysmete l (soos,
howndys mete, H. s.) Canta-
brum, CATH. et UG. in Canaan.
SOOT, of reke or smoke. Fuligo.
SOTTE, idem quod FOLTE or folett,
supra.2 Fatuellus, stolidus.
SOTHE, or trewe (trowthe, K.)
Vents, veridicus.
SOTHE mete. Bulcibarium (dul-
cibarium, 8.)
SOTHEFAST mann or womann.
Verax.
SOTHEFASTYLY. Veraciter.
SOTHEFASTENESSE (or SOtheneSSC,
p.) Veracitas, veritas.
SOTHLY. Vere, veraciter.
SOTY, or fowlyd wythe soot. Fuli-
ginosus; glossa Merarii,
SOTYLE (or subtyll, P.) Subtilis.
SOTYLY. Subtiliter.
SOTYLE, and wytty. Ingeniosus.
SOTYLE, and crafty. Artificiosus.
SOTYLTE. Subtilitas.
1 Howysmete, MS. This appears doubtless an error which may be corrected by the
other MSS. and Pynson's text, " houndis mete." Palsgrave gives " Sosse, or a rewarde
for houndes whan they have taken their game, hvuee.'" Forby gives Soss or Suss, a mixed
mess of food, a term always used in contempt, in East Anglian dialect.
a Compare also AMSOTE, or a fole, supra, p. 11.
466
PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUM.
SOTYLTE, of crafte. Artifidositas.
SOTYLTE, of wytte. Ingeniositas.
Soo TRE, or cowl tre. falanga,
KYLW. (vectatorium, CATH., K.)
SOWCE, mete. Succidium, KYLW.
SOWCYN'. Succido, c. F. et KYLW.
SOWD, mede or rewarde of hyre.
Stipendium salarium (munici-
pium, P.)
SOWDE, metel. Consolidum, so-
lidarium (soudarium, p.)
SOWDYOWRE. Stipendarius, mu-
niceps, tribunus, c. F.
SOWDON. Soldanus.
SOWE, swyne. Sus, porca, scrofa,
CATH.
SOVEREYNE, yn wyrschyppe. Su-
perior.
SOVERENTE. Superioritas.
SOWYN' corne or o]>er sedys. Se-
mino, sero, CATH.
SOWE clothys or ofer thyngys.
Suo.
SOWYNGE, of corne and ofer sedys.
Sacio, CATH. et c. F. seminacio.
SOWYNGE, of clothys and o)?er
thyngys. Sutura.
SOWLE. Anima.
SOWLYNGE, or dyynge. Obitus,
vel exalacio.
SOWLYNGE, or solwynge (solwynge
or makynge folwe,1 K.) Macu-
lacio, deturpacio, sordidacio.
SOWNDE, or dyne. Sonitus, sonus.
SOUNDE, of a fysche '(sown, K.)
Ventigina.
SOW(N)DON' (sowndyn, K.) Sono.
(SOWNDYN', as newe ale and other
lycnre, infra in swowvS.)
SOU(N)DYNGE. Sonatus.
( SOWNDYN A-ZENE, supra in RE-
BOWNDYN.)
SOUNDYNGE A-ZENE (or rebownd-
ynge, supra.} Resonatus, rebo-
acio, CATH.
SOWPONE, or sowpe. Sorbeo, ab-
sorbeo.
SOWPYNGE. Sorbicio.
SUPPYNGE AL VP, or al owte. Ab-
sorbicio.
SOWPYNGE METE, or drynke (sow-
pinge fode, K, P.) Sorbile, sor-
biciuncula, c. F.
(SOWRE, filthe, K. or soore, supra.
Cenum, lutum.)
(So WRY, or defowlyd wythe fylthe,
K. Limosus, cenosus, lutosus.)
SOWRE, as frute or oj>er lyke.
Acidus, acer, acerbus.
SOWRE, as dowe. Fermentatus.
SOWRE CHERE. Acrimonia, c. F.
SOWRE DOKKE (herbe, K.) idem
quod SOREL, supra.
SOWRE DOWE. Fermentum.
SOWRE MYLKE. Occigulum.
SOWRENESSE. Acredo, c. F. acri-
tudo, acritas.
SowRYi5', or wax sowre (make
sowre, s.) Aceo, CATH. acesco.
SOWYR DOWYN', or menge paste
wythe sowyr dowe. Fermento.
SOWSTARE, idem quod SEWSTARE,
supra.
SOWTARE, or cordewaner (cordy-
nare, s.) Sutor, alutarius.
SOWTARYS LEST (last, p.) Formu-
la, formella, calopodium, CATH.
calopodia, c. F. (formipodium. P.)
SOWTHE. Auster.
SOWTHE BEST. Euroauster.
SOWTHELY, or sum what be sowth'e.
Australis.
SOWTHYSTYLLE, or thowthystylle,
(herbe, p.) Rostrum porcinum.
ic, probably for fowle. See soLWYiV, SOLWYNGE, &c., supra.
1'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
467
SOWTHEWEST. Favonius, c. F.
SOWTHERNE, idem quod SOWTHELY.
SOWTHERNE wooDE, herbe (sother-
wode, s.) Abrotonum.
SOTHEN (sodyn, p.) Coctus.
SOTHYN, yn water only. Elixus.
SPACE. Spacium.
SPADE. Vanga, fossorium (de-
fossorium, K.)
SPAYNE, lond. Hispania.
SPAKLE (spakkyl, s. spackyll, p.)
Scutula, CATH.
SPAKLYD. Scutulatus, CATH.
SPALLE, or chyppe (spolle, K.)
Quisquilia, assula, c. F.
SPANNE, mesure of the hand.
Palmus, CATH. palmata, KYLW.
SPANGELE, or losangle (spangyll,
losange, H. p.)1 Lorale, KYLW.
SPAYNYEL, hownde. Odorinsecus,
quia aurem sequens, venations .
SPANYN', or wene chylder (wenyn
chyldryn, K.) Ablacto, elacto,
CATH.
SPANYNGE, or wenynge of chylder.
Ablactacio.
SPARARE, or he ]>at sparythe.
Parcus, parca.
SPARRE, of a roof (of an howus,
K.) Tignum, CATH.
SPARGETTYN', or pargette wallys
(sparchyn or pargetyn, s. A.)
Gipso, limo.
SPARGETTYNGE, or pargettynge (of
wallis, p.) Litura, gipsura.
SPARYH', or to spare. Parco.
SPARYNGE. Parcimonia.
SPARKLE, of fyyr (sparke, K.)
Scintilla, favilla, CATH.
SPARKLYN' (sparkyn, s.) Scintilla.
SPARTLYNGE. Sdntillacio.
SPARPLYN' (spartelyn, K.)2 Spergo,
dispergo.
SPLARPLYNGE,3 or scaterynge
(spartelynge, sundrynge, K.
sparkelyng, s.) Dissipacio.
SPARTHE, wepne. Bipennis,
CATH.
SPAROWE, (byrde, K.) Passer.
SPATYL, instrument to dense wythe
soorys. Pessaria, c. F. tasta,
(siringga, p.) Et hie nota quod si-
ringa est fistula quam medicina
mittitur in vesicam ; hec c. F.
SPAWDE. Spatula, armus, CATH.
SPAVEYNE, horsys maledy (sore,
K. P.)
SPAWNYN', as fyschys (spanyn, K.)
Pisciculo, KYLW.
SPAWNYNGE, of fysche. Pissicu-
lacio, vel pisciculatus.
SPECE, or kende. Species.
SPECHE. Loquela, sermocinacio.
SPECHE, feyny(d) be-twene man
and best (fayned, P.) Labisca,
c. F. (libistica, K. p. libista, s.)4
1 Compare LOSANGE, supra, p. 313.
3 Compare DYSPARPLYN, supra, p. 122. " To sparpylle, spergere, dividere, obstipare."
CATH. ANG. " I sparkyll a broode, I sprede thynges asonder, Je disparse and je espars.
Whan the sowdiers of a capitayne be sparkylled a brode, what can he do in tyme of nede."
PALSG. In the Legenda Aurea it is said of Calvary, " many sculles of hedes were there
sparteled all openly."
3 SPLARPLYNGE, MS. The L after SP, is a correction added over the line.
4 " Libistita, fabula, fatera," occurs in a glossary cited in Ducange. If we derive
Libistica from A$v;<r7xos, Libyan, this term may have reference to some African writer of
fables, as Apuleius, whose Metamorphoseon was familiar to the mediaeval scholar. " Fabulse
aut -ffisopicae (sunt) aut Libysticse. ./Esopicse sunt, cum animalia muta inter se sermocinasse
finguntur, vel quae animam non habent, ut urbes, &c. Libysticae autem, dum hominum
cum bestiis aut bestiarum cum hominibus fingitur vocis esse commercium." Isidor. Orig.
lib. 1. c. 39.
468
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SPECYALLE, or princypalle. Prin-
cipalis, specialis.
SPECYAL, concubyne, the manne.
Amasius, et idem quod LEMANN
(leefman, s.)
SPECYAL, concubyne, )>e womann.
(speciall or leman, p.) Concu-
bina, amasia.
SPED. Expeditus.
SPEED, or spedynge. Expedicio.
SPEDYN'. Expedio.
SPEDYN' WELE. Prosperor.
SPEYR, of a garment (speyer of a
clothe, K.)1 Cluniculum, CATH.
manubium, KYLW. et NECC. ma-
nulia, KYLW.
SPEKKE, clowte. Pictacium.
SPEKYN'. Loquor,for, sermocinor.
SPEKYN OWTE. Exprimo.
SPEKYNGE. Locucio, sermocina-
cio.
SPEKETACLE. Spectaculum.
SPELLARE. Sillabicator.
SPELLYN' (letters, s.) Silldbico.
SPELLYNGE. Sillabicacio.
SPELKE. Fissula.
SPELTE^ broke bonys or o]>er
Jjyngys (spelke, A. spelkyn, K. p.)
SPELLYNGE, broke bonys or o]?er
thyngys. (spelkynge, K. spel-
kyn, P.) Fissulatus.
SPENCE, or expence. Expense, im-
pense.
SPENCE, botery or celere. Cella-
rium, promptuarium, c. F. dis-
pensatorium, COMM.
SPENCERE. Cellerarius, pincerna,
promus.
SPENDARE. Dispensator.
SPENDARE in waast. Prodigus ;
nota alia in WASTOWRE.
SPENDYN'. Expendo, dispense.
SPENDYNGE. Dispensacio, expen-
dicio.
SPENDYNGE yn wast. Prodiga-
litas.
SPENT. Expensus, dispensatus.
SPERE, or fres (freshe or brityl, K.
britill or brekyll, p.)3 Fra-
gilis.
SPERE, or scuw (schw, K. serene,
s.) Scrineum, ventifuga.
SPERE, of the fyrmament. (Spera,
K. P.)
SPERE, instrument of werre. Lan-
cea, hasta.
SPEREHAWKE (sparhawke, p.) JVY-
sus, c. F. alietus, CATH.
1 " Cluniculum, an hole or a spayre of a womans smoke or kyrtell." ORTUS. " Sparre
of a gowne, fente de la robeS"1 PALSG. In the curious chapter De Veslibus, in Vocab. Roy.
MS. 17 C. XVII. occur, "Manicipium, spayere; apertura, spayere; transmearium, spare-
bokylle," the latter being probably a brooch which closed the vent or fent of a dress.
Compare FENTE, fibulatorium, supra, p. 156. " Lacenema, a speyre ; Urla, a speyre-
hole." The term may have designated the openings in the dress, either at the neck, or
at the sides, like pocket-holes, as seen in mediaeval costume. The Cathol. Abbrev. 1497,
thus explains " cluniculum, — le pertuis qui est es vestemens des femmes iouste le coste."
Skelton gives a lament of the nun for her favourite bird — " wont to repayre and go in
at my spayre," or creep in " at my gor of my goune before." Philip Sparow.
3 Amongst the Verbs. Sic MS. The noun SPELLYNGE may possibly be an error, cor-
rected by other readings. Compare, however, " Spels, or broken pieces of stones coming of
hewing or graving, Assulce, micse, segmina, secamenta." GOULDM. See also SPALLE or
chyppe, assulce, supra. In Will, and Werwolf, we find Spelde, with the same signifi-
cation as Spalle. See Brockett.
3 Compare BROKDOL, supra, p. 53.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
469
SPEREL, of a boke (speryng of a
boke, K. ) 0/endiXy l UG. in fendo,
signaculum.
SPEREL, or closel yn schetynge
(closynge, K.) Firmaculum.
SPERYN', or schettyn. Claudo.
SPERYN', and close wythe in (or
closyn in, K.) Includo.
SPERYN', and schette wythe lokkys.
Sero, obsero.
SPERYN', or aske after a pynge.
Scissitor, percunctor, inquiro.
SPEREWORTE, herbe. Flammula.
SPYCE, or spycery. Species.
SPYCERE. Apot(h)ecarius, Dice.
SPY, or watare (waytere, s.) Ex-
plorator, COMM.
SPYYN', or a-spyyn'.2 Explore,
c. F. (percunctor, s.)
SPYGOT. Clipsidra, ducillus, CATH.
ductileum.
SPYK, or fet flesche (spike of
fleshe, K.) Popa, c. F.
SPYKENARDE. Spica narda, c. F.
nardostacium.
SPYKYNGE nayle(spylynge nayle, s .)
SPYLKOK, or whyiiegygge, chyl-
derys pley (or pry lie, supra.)
Giraculum, c. F.
SPYLLYN', or -puttyn owte (pow-
ryn owte, K.) Effundo.
SPYLLYN', or lesyn, or dystroyyn.
Confundo.
SPYLLYNGE, or owt powrynge.
Effusio.
SPYLLYNGE, or lesynge or schen-
dynge. Confusio, deperdicio.
SPYNNARE, or erany (arreyne, p.)3
Aranea.
SPYNNARE (of wolle or other lyke,
K.) or spynstare. Filatrix,fila-
cista, CATH.
(SPINNAR WEBBE, K. Tela ara-
nee.)
SPYNDYL. Fusus, (fusillus, p.)
SPYNNYJ5'. Neo,filo.
SPYNNYNGE. Filatura, c. F. netura,
neccio.
SPYRE, of corne or herbe. Hastula.
SPYRYN^, as corne and o]>er lyke.
SplCO, CATH.
SPYRYTE, (or gooste, P.) Spiritus.
SPYRLYNGE. Epimera.
SPYT, or spotle. Sputum, screa,
saliva.
SPYYTE, repref or schame (spite,
repreve or schame, K.) Obpro-
brium.
SPYTEFULLE. Obprobriosus.
SPYTE, for rostynge (spete, P.)
VerUj (verutum, p.)
SPYTE mete (or done, P.) on a
spete. Veruo.
SPYTYLLE howse. Leprosorium.
SPYTTYN'. Screo, spuo, exspuo.
SPLENE, or mylte (or mylche, su-
pra.) Splen.
SPLENTE.4
SroKOKE5 of a whele (spok, K. s.
p.) Radius, c. F.
1 " Offendix, nodus quo liber ligatur, Angl. a knotte or clospe of a boke." ORTUS. Com-
pare CLOSPE, supra, p. 83, and ONDOYNGE, or opynynge of schettillys, or sperellys, p. 365.
2 This word occurs amongst the verbs, seemingly misplaced, between SPYTE mete, and
SPYTTYN.
3 Compare ARAYNYE, p. 14, and ERANYE, p. 140, supra. " Spynner or spider, herigne."
PALSG. See, in Trevisa's version of Bartholom. de propr. rerum, a long account of the
various kinds of " Spinners" ; lib. 18, c. iii.
4 No Latin word is here given. Palsgrave has " Splent for an house, Laite ; Splent,
harnesse for the arme, Garde de Iras." Laite, however, signifies the milt or soft roe of a fish.
5 Sic, probably an error for SPOKE.
470
PROMPTOIUUM PARVULORUM.
SPOLE, or scytyl, webstarys instru-
ment (schetyl, s.) Spolia, pa-
nulea, UG. spoliare, navicula,
KYLW. et CATH.
SPOYLYD, or spolyyd. Spoliatus.
SPOYLY^', or spolyofi' (spolyyn or
spoylyn, p.) Spolio, dispolio.
SPYLYN', or dymembryn1 as menn
don caponys or other fowlys
(dysmembryn, s.) Artuo, c. F.
et UG. v. in L litera.
SPOYLYNGE, or spolyynge. Spoli-
acio, depredacio.
SPONE. Coclear.
SPONGE. Spongia, vel spungia,
CATH. et c. F.
SPORE. Calcar.
SPORYARE (sporyjere, H. sporer, p.)
Calcarius.
SPORGE, herbe. Catapucia, esula,
anabulla, c. F.
SPORGYN' (or bermyn, supra.)
Spumo, UG. blict(ri)o,z (blutrio,
KYLW. 8. P.)
SPORGYNGE, of ale or wyne. Spu-
macio, blictricatus (latricatus, s.)
SPORNYNGE, or spurnynge. Cal-
citracio.
SPOORT, or solas. Solatium.
(SPOT, p.) Macula, lobes.
SPOTTYD. Maculatus.
SPOTTON'. Macula.
SPOWSE, mann. Sponsus.
SPOWSE, womann. Sponsa.
SPOWSYN'. Desponso; quere alia
infra in WEDDYN'.
SPOWTE. Fistula, CATH. in doma.
(SPOTLE, idem quod SPYT, supra.)
SP(R)AWLYN'.S Palpito, CATH.
SPRAWL YNGE. Palpitacio.
SPREDYN'. Dilato, expando,
pando.
SPREDYNGE. Dilatacio, extencio.
(SPREDYNGE, or streykynge owte,
infra. Extencio, protencio.)
SPRENKELYN', or strenkelyn'. As-
pergo, conspergo, expergo.
SPRENKELYNGE, or strenkelynge.
Aspercio, conspercio.
SPRETE, or qvante (spret or quant,
p.)* Contus, CATH. conta, c. F.
contum, c. F.
SPRYNGE, of a tre or plante (springe
or yonge tre, P.) Planta, plan-
tula.
SPRYNGE, of awelle (of vessell, w.)
Scaturigo, scatebra, CATH. et
COMM.
SPRYNGYN', or growyn'. Cresco.
SPRYNGYN', as a welle, Scaturio,
scateo, CATH. scaturiso.
SPRYNGYNGE, or growynge (or
waxynge, supra,) of what so hyt
be. Crescencia.
1 Sic. The correct reading should probably be SPOYLYN, or dysmembryn. Compare
DYSMEMBRYN', supra, p. 122. " I was in great danger to be spoiled by a great fierce
mastiff." Life of Adam Martindale, Chetham Soc. p. 180.
1 "jBlictrum, id est (yest) unde — Vinum bibulit, aqua ebulit, cervisia blictrit." ORTUS.
3 The reading of the other MSS. and of Pynson's text is " sprawlyn." " I spralle, as
a yonge thing doth that can nat well styrre, Je crosle. He spraulleth lyke a yonge
padocke (grenouille). I spraule with my legges, struggell, Je me debats." PALSG.
4 Forby gives Sprit, a pole to push a boat forward. A. S. Spreot, contus. In some
localities the reed,juncus articulatus, is called the Spret. " Sprette, for water men, Picq."
PALSG. " Contus est quoddam instrumentum longum quo piscatores pisces scrutantur in
aquis, et est genus teli quod ferrum non habet sed acutum cuspidem longum; pertica
preacuta quam portant rustici loco haste, — a poll or a potte stycke." ORTUS. Compare
QUANTE, supra, p. 418, and WHANTE, infra.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
471
SPRYNGYNGE, of a welle or o]?er
waxyng"e watyr. Scaturacio
(scatebra, p.)
(SPRYTE, or spirite, K. H. p. Spi-
ritus.')
SPROUTYN', or buiionyn' (sprim-
tone or burione, H. p.) Pululo.
SPUDDE. Cultellus vilis.
SPWYN', or brakyii' (or castyii',
supra.) Vomo, evomo, CATH.
SPWYNGE, or brakynge (or parbra-
kynge, supra) Vomitus, evomitus.
SPURNYN' (or wyncyn, p.) Cal-
citro (recalcitro, pedito, P.)
(SPURNYNGE, K. H. p. supra in
SPORNYNGE.)
SQWALTERYN", for hete or ofer
cawsys (squaltryn or swaltryn,
P.) Sincopo, exalo.
SQWARE. Quadrus.
SQWARED. Quadratus.
SQWARE STON. Tessera, tessella.
SQUARYN'. Quadro.
SQUARYNGE. Quadratic, conqua-
dracio.
SQWYAR, gentylmann(sqwyer man,
K. p. sqyyjer, H.) Armiger, scu-
tifer.
SQVYER, rewle (sqvy3er, H. sqvyyre,
s.) Amussis, COMM. et UG. v. in M.
SQWYLLE, herbe. Cepa maris,
bulbus, c. F. (cepanuris, P.)
SQWYLLARE, dysche wescheare.
Lixa, c. F.
SQWYNACYE, sekenesse (sqwynsy,
p.) Squ(in)ancia, gutturna.
SQWYRTYL, or swyrtyl. Sifons, c. F.
sifon, UG. in sibilo.
STABBE, or wownde of smytynge.
Stigma.
STABLE, or stedefast. Stabilis,
firmus.
STABLE, and a-bydyng yn malyce.
Pervicax, pertinax.
STABULNESSE, or stedefastnesse.
Stabilitas, firmitas.
STABULNESSE, yn a-bydynge wythe
owte secynge (stabilnesse in
abidinge in werke, P.) Per-
severancia.
STABUL, for hors. Stabulum.
STABUL KEPAR, or hors kepar.
Stabularius.
S(T)ABELYN', or make stable and
stede (stable and stedfaste, s. p.)
Stabilio, solido.
STABLYN HORS. Stabulo. *
STABYLY a-bydyn' wythe owte
changynge (stabelyn, K. stablyn
and bydyng, s.) Persevero.
STACKE. Acervus, arconius.
STAGKE, or heep. Agger.
STACYON. Stacio.
STACYONERE, or he J>at sellythe
bokys. Stacionarius, bibliopola,
c. F.
STAFFS. Baculus, fustis.
STAFFE SLYNGE. Balea,KYiuW.fun-
dibalista, KYLW.
STAGE, or stondynge vp on (stage
to stond on, s. A.) Fala, MERAR.
machinalis, CATH. machinis, UG.
v. in M.
STAKE (or stulpe, infra). Sudes,
c. F. palus, CATH. paxillus, BRIT.
(STAKERYN, or stotyn, K. H. Ti-
tubo.)
STAKERYN' or waueryn' (stakelyn,
p.) Vacillo.
STAKERYNGE, yn speche (or stam-
eiynge, infra.) Titubacio.1
STAKERYNGE, in mevynge. Vacil-
(STAKKYN, s. A.) Arconiso.
Tutubacio, MS. Compare STOTYNGE, infra.
CAMD. SOC.
472
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
STALLE, be-forne a schoppe (stal
a-forne, K.) Stallus, ferculum,
Lib. equivocorum.
(STAL of a qwere, K. p. Stallus.}
STALLE, of beestys stondynge
Boscar, c. F. presepe, presepium,
bucetum, UG. v. in v.
STALE, of fowlynge or byrdys
takynge. Stacionaria, c. F.
STALE, as drynke. Defecatus, c. F.
merax, OATH.
STALYN', or make stale diynke.
Defeco.
STALYONE, hors. Emissarius,
CATH.
STALKE. Calamus.
STALKYN' (or gon softe, K. softely,
s. A.)1 Serpo, CATH. c. F. et UG.
cla(m}culo, et clanculo, KYLW.
STALLYN' PRELATYS. Intronizo,
c. F.2
STALKYNGE, or soft and sly goynge.
Serptura, CATH.
STAwunTHY(stalworthy, s. H. A. P.)
idem quod STRONGE, infra.
STAMERYNGE, yn speche, idem quod
8TAKERYNGE, SUpra.
(STAMERYNGE, in goyng, idem quod
stakerynge, K. waveryng, H.)
STAMYN, clothe. Stamina, Dice.
linistema, CATH. et UG. in lenio.
STAMPYN'. Tero,pindo,
STAMP YNGE. Tritura.
STANMARCHE, herbe (stammarche,
p.) Macedonia, Alexandria.
STAPYLLE of a schyttynge (stapul,
K.) Stapellum, KYLW.
STARE, or segge (or cegge, supra.}
Carix, c. F.
STARCHE, for kyrcheys. Stibium,
CATH. gersa.3
STARYN', wythe brode eyne (iyen,
p.) Patentibus oculis respicere.
STARYN', or schynyn',4 and gly-
deryn'. Niteo, rutilo.
STARYNGE, brode lokynge. Pa-
tentacio oculorum.
STARYNGE, or schynynge, as gaye
thyngys. Rutilans, rutilus, c. F.
nitidus.
STARK (or styffe, infra.} Rigidus,
c. F. et UG. in rigeo, artus.
STARKENESSE (or styfnesse, infra.}
jRigor, rigiditas, artitudo.
STERLYNGE, bryd. Sturnus.
STATE. Status.
STATURE of heythe. Statura.
STATUTE. Statutum.
STAUNCHEGREYNE, for wrytarys.5
Planula, NECC.
STAUNCHE bloode. Stanno^ c. F.
(stangno, s. A. p.)
1 In the MS. Arconizo occurs here; probably an error, and properly belonging to
STAKKYN, (see that verb, supra?) accidentally omitted by the second hand.
2 Here follows, in the Winchester MS., "Hec statela, \>e standard." Palsgrave gives
" I stalke, I go softly and make great strides, Je vas a grans pas; He stalketh lyke
a crane."
3 Sersa, MS. Gersa, K. s. p. See the Catholicon, and Ducange, v. Gersa, explained in
the Ortus as signifying "Blatea, bleche.1' Palsgrave gives " Starche for lawne, fol 16 flew."
In Sloane MS. 3548, f. 102, is the following recipe, " Ad faciendum starching, — R. quan-
titatem furfuris et bullias in aqua munda et stet per iii. dies vel plus donee sit aqua amara
vel acetosa; tune exprime aquara de furfure et in claro ejus immerge tuum pannum, s.
sindonem, bokeram, vel carde, aut aliud quod vis, et postea sicca et cum lapide lenifica,"
that is, polish the surface with a slekystone. See that word, supra, p. 458.
4 Schydyn, MS. In the other MS8. and in Pynson's text, — Schynyn.
5 Palsgrave gives " Staunche greyne, an herbe," but the substance here intended seems
to have been a composition used by the mediaeval scribe, possibly like pounce, in pre-
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
473
STAUNCHE wrethe, and make pees.
Pacifico, sedo.
STAUNCHYNGE,orsecynge(sessinge,
P. lessinge, j.) Cessacio.
STAUNCHYNGE of blode. Cedacio,
stagnacio, c. F.
STAUNCHON, to set yn an ynke
home. Forulus.1
STATHE,S waterys syde. Stacio,
CATH.
STEDE, place. Situs.
STEEDE, hors. Dextrarius, gra-
darius, sompes, CATH. et UG.
STEDFASTE (or stable.) Stabilis,
firmus.
STEDEFASTNESSE (or stabylnesse,
K.) Stabilitas, firmitas.
STEDEFASTNESSE, wythe owte any
chaungynge or secynge. Per-
se veranda.
STEDEFASTNESSE, or stylle stond-
ynge yn wyckydnes, wythe owte
wylle of chaungynge. Obsti-
nacia, induracio.
(STEDULLE, of wevynge, infra in
STODUL. Telanitm.)
STEPFADYR.3 VictriCUS, C. F. (vel
vitricus. A.) patriaster, UG.
STEYYN' VP. Scan/do, ascendo.
STEYYN' or steppyn of gate (stop-
pyn, K. H. P. styntyn or cesyn of
8. A.) Restito, c. F. obsto
(restOj s. p.)
STEYLE, or steyynge vp (of steying
up, K.) Ascensus, scansile.
(STEYLE, or steyre, P. Gradus.)
STEYKE. Carbonella, frixa, UG.
assa.
STEYYNGE (up, K. P.) Scansio,
ascensus.
STEYNYD. Polimitus.
STEYNYN', or stenyyn', as clothe
)>at lesythe hys colowre. fuco,
proprie in tertia persona tantum,
COMM.
STEYNYN', as steynyowrys. Polo,
CATH.
STEYNYNGE. Polimitacio.
STENYOWRE. Polimitarius, CATH.
STENEYYNGE, lesynge of colowre
(steynynge, K. P.) Fucacio,
CATH. infuco.
STEEL, metel. Calibs, CATH.
STELE, or stert of a vesselle. Ansa.
STELYN'. Furor, latrocinor.
STELYNGE, or stelthe (thefte, s.)
Fur turn, latrocinium.
STELYNGLY, or theefly (theftely, s.)
Furtive, latrocinaliter.
STEEM, or lowe of fyre. Flamma.
STEEM, of hothe lycure. Vapor.
STEMYN', or lowyn' vp. Flammo.
paring the smoothed surface of parchment. It was thus made: "To make stounchegrey. —
Take kyddys blode and calke and medle hem to-gedyr, and make ballys therof and bake
hem in a novyn, and sel a pece for iiij.d." Sloane MS. 3548, f. 18 b. The following is
from another MS. in the same collection, 2584. f. 10 : " For to make staunchegreine. —
Take quycke lyme and floure of whete, of iche eliche moche, and the thride part of rosyn,
and tempere hem to gidre with the white of an ey or with gote mylke, or elles with cowe
mylke, and make it ryjt thicke, and tempere it to gidere til it be soft as past, and than
make smalle balles therof and drie hem atte the sonne, and when it is dried hit wele
serve."
1 "jPorwfots,i.e.bursascriptorum." ORTUS. " Calamarium, anynkhorneor astaunchejje."
MED. MS. CANT. " Staunchon, a proppe, estancon." PALSG.
2 STACHE, MS. and s. staye, K. stathe, H. A; p. At Lynn are quays called " Common
Staith," " King's Staith," &c.; the name occurs frequently in Norfolk. A.S. Stseth, littus.
3 This word was evidently written STEFFADYR, by the first hand.
474
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
STEPYD (or stept, p. j.) in watyr or
lycure. Infusus, illiqnatus.
STEPYN', yn water or ofer lycure.
Infundo, illiqueo, CATH.
STEPYNGE, yn lycure. Infusio,
illiqueacio.
STEPNESSE, or sydenesse2 of a
roof (stopnesse, p.) Elevacio.
STEPPYN' ovyr a thynge. Clunico.
STEPULLE. Campanile.
STEP, where a mast stant yn a
schyppe. Parastica, c. F.
STERRE.S Stella, sidus.
STERRE slyme.4 Assub, c. F.
STERYNGE. Mocio, motus, corn-
mo cio.
STERYSMANN, of a schyppe. Remex.
STERNE, of a schyppe. Puppis, c. F.
STERNE, or dredeful in syghte.
TerribiliSj horribilis.
STERNE, or stoburne (or styburne,
infra.') Austerus, ferox.
STERT, of an appull or ober frute.
Pediculus, c. F. et CATH.
STERT, of a handylle of a vessel.
Ansa, c. F.
STERT, of a plowe (or plowstert,
supra.") Stina, c. F.
STERUYN', idem quod DEYYN',
supra.
1 Compare LYYST of clothe, supra, p. 307; and SCHREDE, p. 448. " Forago, a lyste of
a webbe." ORTUS. " Stamyne, estamine." PALSG.
2 SYDENEDDE, MS. or sydeuedde (?). The true reading is, however, probably found
in the other MSS. — Sydnesse, S. A, In the note on SYYD, p. 45, it has been stated that,
as Bishop Kennett observes, in some dialects " Side " signifies high, as a house or a hill,
and, metaphorically, a haughty person is said to be " side."
3 STERERE, MS.
4 " Sterre slyme, lymas." PALSG. " Assub, Angl. slyme vel quedam terra." ORTUS.
" Asub, i.e. galaxia, Senderung der Stern. Galaxia, Sternenferbung oder Reinigung."
Rulandus, Lexicon Alchemise. Lat. Germ. The singular jelly frequently found after rain
is doubtless here intended; the Tremella nostoc, popularly called star-shot or star-jelly, and
supposed to be the recrement of the meteors called fallen stars. See Morton, Nat. Hist.
Nofthants, pp. 353, 356; Dr. Merret's Pmaar, p. 219; Pennant, Zool. vol. ii.p. 453; Brand,
Pop. Antiqu. under "Will with a wisp." This " Spittle of the Starres " may be alluded
to in the following lines :
' ' The speris craketh swithe thikke,
So doth on hegge sterre stike." K. Alis. 4437.
STEMYNGE, or leemynge of fyyr.
Flammacio.
STEMYNE, or stodul, or stothe yn
a webbyshonde (stemyne of
clothe, K. P. in a webbys eend,
s.)1 Forago,c.¥. ( Versus, fodder
forago, lyst diciiur esse farago,
8.)
STENTE, or certeyne of valwe, or
drede, and o]>er lyke (of value or
dette, s.) Taxacio.
STENTYD. Taxatus.
STEPPE, of a fote. Vestigium.
STEEPE, nowt lowe. Elevatus,
ascendens.
STEPBROTHYR (of the fadyrs syde,
s. Victrigenus.}
(STEPBRODER, on the moderys syd,
s. Novercatus.}
STEPSYSTYR. (Victrigena, s. A.)
( STEPS YSTER, on the modyrs syde,
s. Novercata.}
STEPSONE. Prevignus, c. F. et UG.
in pridem, et neos, filiaster, c. F.
STEPDOWTER. Prevignia, c. F. et
UG. filiastra.
STEPFADYR, idem quod STEFFADYR,
supra.
STEPMODYR.
Noverca, matertera,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
475
STERVYNGE, or deyynge. Mors,
expiracio.
STEVENE, propyrname. Stephanus.
STY, by pathe. Semita, callis,
CATH. orbita, frames, UG. in
traho.
STY, swynce cote (swynys howus,
K. swyn cote, s. styy, swynnen
cote, A.) Ara, CATH. porcarium.
STYANYE (or a peiie, s.) yn the
eye.1 Egilopa, UG. in egle
(Egilopam curat quisquis com-
mescitat illam, s.)
STYBURNE, or stoburne (or sterne,
supra.} Austerus, ferox.
STYBURNESSE. Austeritas, fero-
citas.
STYCHE, peyne on pe syde. Telum,
UG. v. in T.
STYFFE, or starke. Rigidus, c. F.
STYFFE, or stronge. Fortis, ro-
bustus.
STYFLY, or strongly. Fortiter,
robuste.
STYFNESSE, or starkenesse. Ri-
giditas, rigor.
(STYFNES, or strenthe, K. H. s. A.
Fortitude, robur.)
STYKKE. Ligniculum.
(STIKKYD VP, P. Succinctus.)
STYKELYNGE, fysche.2 Silurus;
(stingus, K. gamarus, 8.)
STYKYN', or festyn' a thynge to a
walle or a noj>er J?ynge, wha so
hyt be. Figo, affigo, glutino.
STYKYN', or slen. Jugulo.
STYKKYN', or tukkyn' vp clo}>ys
(stichynup clotys, K.) Suffar-
cino, CATH. infarcino, succingo.
STYKKYNGE, or tukkynge vp of
clothys.3 Suffarcinatio, CATH.
(succincio, p.)
STYKYNGE, or festynge to (styke-
nyngeoffestnynge, P.) Confixio,
fixura.
STYKYNGE in beestes (of beests, K.
p. or beestys sleynge, s.) Ju-
gulacio.
STYLLATORY. Stillatorium.
STYLE, where men gon over. Scan-
sillum, scansile, scanitlum, KYLW.
STYLE, forme of indytynge, or
spekynge or wrytynge. Stilus.
STYLLE, nott spekynge. Silens,
tacitus.
STYLLE, in pes and reste. Quietus.
STYLLE, wythe-owte mevynge.
Tranquillus.
STYLLY:N', or pesyn'. Pacifico,
mitigo.
STYLLYN', or sty lie watery s. Stillo,
instillo, CATH. (constillo, P.)
STYLNESSE, nowt spekynge (with
owtyn speche, K.) Taciturnitas,
silencium.
STYLNESSE, in pees. Quies, quie-
tudo, K.
STYLNESSE, wytheowt mevynge.
Tranquillitas.
STYLTE. Calepodium, lignipodium.
STYNGYN'. Stimulo, pungo.
STYNK. Fetor, oletum, CATH.
STYNKE, of fowle feet. Pedor.
STYNKKYN". Feteo, oleo,puteo, CATH.
STYNKYNGE, or full of stynk. Feti-
dus, putridus, putibundus.
STYNTYN'4 of werkynge or mevynge.
Pauso, desisto, subsisto.
1 Compare PEERLE yri the eye, glaucoma, supra, p. 394.
2 Fylthe, MS., fyche, A. " Silurus, a lytell fysshe." ORTUS.
3 Sir Amis having lost his horse was ohliged to go on foot; — " ful careful was that
knight, — he stilted vp his lappes," and trudged off on his journey. Amis and Amil. v. 988.
4 STYNTYN or werkynge, MS. The true reading seems to be—" of" — as MS. s.
476
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
STYNTYN' or make a thynge to
secyn' of hys werke or mevynge.
Obsto, c. F.
STYNTYNGE, or lesynge l (styntyn-
ggys or cesyng, A. sesyng, K.
sesinge, p.) Pausacio, descis-
tencia.
ST(Y)RYN' or mevyn'. Moveo.
STYRYN', to goode or badde. Ex-
cito, incito, sollicito.
STYRYN' or mevyn' wythe ple-
saunte tokenys, J?at ys clepyd
smekynge (mevyn with ple-
sawnce, K. s. H. P.) Blandior.
STYRYNGE. Motus, commocio, mo-
cio.
STYRK, neet (or hecfer, P.) Ju-
venca.
STYROP. Strepa, scansile, CATH.
et KYLW.
STYRT, or lytyl whyle (lytyl qwyle,
A.) Momentum.
STYRTE, or skyppe. Saltus.
STYRTE, of sodeyne mevynge. As-
sultus.
STYRTYL, or hasty. Preceps*
STYRTYN', or sodenly mevyn'. Im-
peto.
STYRTYN', or skyppyn'. Salto.
STYRTYN', or brunton', or sodenly
comyn' a-jen a enmy (stirtyn
sodeynly in an enmy, K., or make
abreyde or a saute on a man,
p.) Insilio, irruo, CATH.
STYTHE, smythys instrument. In-
cus, CATH.
STYWARD. Senescallus.
STOBUL, or holme (halme, K. 8. A. p.)
Stipula.
(STOBURNE, or sterne, idem quod
STYBURNE.)
STODYYN'. Studeo, CATH.
STOTHE, of a clothe (stode of cloth,
K. P.) Forago, c. F. et UG. in
foris.
STODUL, or stedulle, of wevynge.
Telarium.
STONYYN',S or stoynyn' mannys
wytte. Attono, CATH. in tono,
stupefacio, percello, CATH.
STONYYN, or brese werkys. Briso,
CATH. quatio.
STOKKE. Truncus, stipes.
STOKKE DOWE. Palumba, palum-
bes, c. F. et COMM. palumbis, UG.
STOKFYSCHE. Strimulus, [?] ypo-
fungia, (fungus, P.)
STOKKYD, yn stokkys. Cip(p)atus.
STOKKYN', or settyn in stokkys.
Cippo.
STOKKYS, of prisonment. Cippus,
CATH. nervus, CATH.
STOOL. Scabellum.
STOLE. Stola.
STOMAK. Stomachus.
STOMELARE. Cespitator.
STOMELYN'. Cespito.
STOMELYNGE. Cespitacio.
STONE. Petra, lapis.
STONE, yn a mannys bleddyr. Cal-
culus, et inde calculosus qui pa-
titur calculum.
(STON, in mannys pryui membre,
K. Testiculus.)
1 Sic. Possibly an error for sesynge, as appears by the other MSS. and p.
2 Presepe, MS. which signifies a manger or crib, and is probably an error for preceps,
the reading in MS. s. preseps, A. Compare SCHYTTYLLE or hasty, preceps, p. 447.
This and the following word, which occur in the verbs between STODYYN and STOKKYN,
may have been written by the first hand STOYNYN. Compare ASTOYNYN, supra, p. 16;
also a-stoyned ami a-stoynynge, ibid. STONYYNGE will be found infra in its true place
in alphabetical arrangement.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
477
STONARE, or he ]?at stonythe
(stonard, K.) Lqptdator.
STONBOWE. Arcuba(li)sta, KYLW.
STONCROPPE, herbe. Crassula
minor, et de hoc nota supra in
ORPYN'.
STONDE vessel (ston vessel, K.
stoonde vessel, A.)1 Futula,
cumula (cunula, A. cisternula,
CATH.futis, P.)
STONDYJJ'. Sto.
STONDYN' stedfastly in wykkyd-
nesse. Obstino, CATH.
STONDYNGE, nober syttynge ne
walkynge. Status, CATH.
STONDYNGE PLACE, where men
stondyn. Stacio, CATH.
STONY, or ful of stony s. Lapi-
dosus, petrosus.
STONYN', or made of stone. Lapi-
deus.
STONYN' pott or oj>er wessel. La-
pista, CATH. et UG. in lews.
STONYN'. Lapido.
STONYNGE. Lapidacio.
STONYYNGE, or stoynynge of
mannys wytte. Attonitus, pre-
cellencia.
STOPPE, boket. Situla, CATH.
haustrum (inergus, CATH. A. p.)
STOPPE, vessel for mylkynge (for
to mylke yn, s.) Multra, CATH.
multrale, multrum.
STOPPELL, of a bottel or oj>er like.
Ducillus, CATH. in ductilis, do-
cillus, ductileus, c. F.
STOPPYD. Obstructus.
STOPP Y5i' a pytte or an hole. Opilo,
obstruo, obturo.
STOPP YN', or wythe stondynge a
beest of goynge or rennynge.2
SistOj CATH. obsto, UG. (obsisto, P.)
STOPPYNGE. Obstruccio.
STOOR, or purvyaunce (store, P.)
Staurum.
STOOR, or hard or boystows (store,
K.)3 Austerus, rigidus.
STOBLARE, or troblare (stroblare,
K. A.)4 Perturbator.
STORY. Historia.
STORK, byrd or fowle. Ciconia.
STORM, wedyr. Nimbus, c. F. pro-
cella, altanus, c. F.
STORM, yn the see. Turbo.
STORME, or schowre of reyne.
Nimbus, CATH.
STORVUN, or dede (storvyn, K. H.
p. storvun or deed, A.) Mortuus.
STOT, hors. Caballus.
STOTARE. Tituballus,CAiu. blesus,
CATH. balbus, c. F.
(STOTHE yn a webbyshonde, supra
in STEMYNE. Forago, c. p.)
STOTYN' (or stameryn, p.) Titubo,
blatero, CATH. opico, CATH. et
c. F. (balbucio, CATH. A. p.)
1 " Stonde a vessell, they have none " (namely the French). PALSG. " Cisternula, a
stande." ORTUS " Tine, tirme, a stand, open tub, or soe, most in use during the time of
vintage, and holding about foure or five paile-fulls, and commonly borne, by a stang,
between two." COTG. " A stand (for Ale), Tine." SHERW.
2 Compare GEYNECOWPYN, supra, p. 189.
3 Compare BOYSTOWS, and boystows garment, &c. supra, p. 42. " Stournesse, Estour-
disseure; Stowre of conversacyon, Estourdy; I make sture or rude, Jarudys; this rubbynge
of your gowne agaynst the walle wyll make it sture to the syght, larudyra, &c." PALSG.
In Arund. MS 42, f. 25, bitter almonds are called " stoure — stowre almandes;" and
.mention is made ef the " stowrhede" of mulberries, ibid. f. 64 b.
4 See also STURBELARE, STURBELYN, &c., infra. This word may have been here
written STORBLARE by the first hand.
478
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
STOTYNGE.! Titubatus, titubacio,
(balbutacio, c. F., p.)
STOWE, streythe passage be-twyx
ij. wallys or hedgys (stowwe,
streyt passage, &c. A.) Inter-
capedo, CATH.
STOWYN', or cowche to-gedyr
(clowchyn, s. chowche, A.) Loco,
colloco.
STOWYN', or charyn ageyne cowpyn,
idem quod STOPPYN' (or gayne
cowpyn, s. or with stond, H.
stowen chasyn ageyne or geyn-
cowpyn, P.)
STOWYN', or waryn', or besettyii,
as men don moneye or chaffer
(bewaiyn, p.) Commute (ex-
spendo, committo, s. p.)
STOWYNGE, or yn dede puttynge
(in stede puttinge, K. s. A. p.)
Locacio, collocacio.
S(T)OWWYNGE, or a-geyne cow-
pynge or chargynge (chary nge,
s. A. stowynge or ageyne chasinge,
p.) Obsistencia, resistencia.
STOWPYN' (or bowen, p.) Indino,
incurvo.
STOWPYNGE. Inclinacio.
STOWT, or stronge. Robustus.
STOWTE, sturdy or vnbuxum. Re-
bellis.
STOWTNESSE, or streng(t)he. Robur.
STOWTNESSE, or vnbuxumnesse.
Rebellio.
STOYE,* of a howse (stoye, postis,
K. stothe or post, H. p. sto)>e,
A.) PosticuluS, pOStuluS, CATH.
stipatum, COMM.
STRAGYN'. Patento, strigio, KYLW.
ST(R)AGYNG.S Patentacio.
STRAY, or a-stray. Vagacio, pa-
lacio, CATH.
STRAY beest ]>at goethe a-stray.
Vagula, CATH.
STRAYYN', or gon a-stray. Palo,
CATH. vagor, c. F.
STRAYLE, bed clothe.4 Stamina,
Dice, stragula.
(STRAMAGE or STROWYNGE, infra,?.)
STRANGELYN'. Suffoco, strangulo,
prefoco, c. F.
STRAPLE,of a breche( strappyl, K.)5
Femorale, CATH. feminale, c. F.
STRAWE, or stree. Stramen.
STRAWBERY. Fragum.
STRAWBERY WYSE, (strawberytre,
K. strawbe wyse, H. strawbyry
vyse, s.)6 Fragus.
1 Compare STAKERYNGE yn speche, supra, p. 471.
2 Sic. Probably written STO>E by the first hand, as MS. A. A. S. Styth, stuth, a post, pillar.
3 STRAGYNGE in the other MSS. and in p. Compare STRYDYNGE, infra.
4 Lacombe gives the old French " Stragule, sorte d'habit dont on se couvroit le jour et
la nuit, du mot latin, stragulum, couverturc de nuit, housse, courte-pointe." In the Ex-
posicio verborum difficilium, MS. formerly in Chalmers's Library, we find also " Tragulus,
i. parvum tragum quo utuntur monachi in loco camisie et lintheaminum, Anglice, strayles."
Stragula, however, whence this term seems derived, usually occur amongst bed-coverings.
In the Compotus on the death of William Excetre, abbot of Bury, 1429, preserved in the
Register of William Curteys his successor, there occur under Camera, Garderola, &c.
" Bankeris, — linth', — hedschet/ — item iv. paria de strayles ; item ij.pariade stray lis cum
signo scaccarii." The Medulla explains " stragula, burelle, ray clothe, mottely ; slragu-
lum, id. or a strayle."
5 " j?e strapils of Breke, trilraca,femeralia.'1'' CATH. ANG. Probably a kind of braces for
nether garments.
6 "Fragus, a strabery tre." ORTUS. " A straberi wyike, fragus." CATH. ANG. InArundel
MS. 272, f. 48, we find the following account of the strawberry plant: — " Fragrais calde
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
479
STRAUNGE. Extraneus,
STRAWNGENESSE. Extraneitas.
STRAUNGERE. Extraneus, extra-
nea, advena, alienigena.
ST(R)AWNGERE, of a-no]>er lond.
Altellus, c. F.
(STRE, supra in STRAWS, P.)
STREYKYN' OWTE. Protendo, ex-
tendo.
STREYKYNGE, or spredynge owute
(or beykynge, supra ; strekyng,
K. strikynge oute, p.) Extencio,
protencio.
STREYMYN',J (streynyn, K. s. P.)
Stringo, astringo, constringo.
STREYMYN', or stresse gretely
(streynyn, K. s. p.) Distringo.
STREYNYNGE, or constreynynge
(stryvynge or constreynynge, s.)
Constriccio, astriccio.
STREYTHE (streyt, A. streight, p.)
StrictuSj angustus, artus.
STREYTENESSE. Stricture^ con-
striccio, artitudo.
STREYTYN', or make streyte. Arto. .
(STREYTYNGE, or stresse, infra.
Constriccio.}
STREKE, orlonge drawthe (draught,
p.) Protractio.
STREK, or poynt be-twyx ij. clau-
sys yn a boke (poyn tinge of ij.
clauses, s. w.) Liminiscus, c. F.
STREK, of a mesure as of abuschel
or other lyke. Hostorivm, c. F.
vel liostiorium, CATH. et COMM.
STREEK, of flax. (Ltnipulus, KYLW.
A. P.)
STREKYNT or make pleyne. Com-
plano (piano, levigo, p.)
ST(R)EKYN', or streke mesure, as
buschellys and ofer lyke( make
playne by mesure, as busshell,
&c. P.) Hostio, CATH. UG. et c. F.
STREKYN', as menn do cattys, or
hors or howndys (strekin or stro-
kin, P.) Palmito, KYLW.
STREKYN', or cancellyn' a thynge
wrytyn' (cancellen a fals wri-
tinge, p.) Cancello, CATH. obelo.
STRYKYN', or SMYTYN', supra.
STREEME, of watur. Decursus,
fluentum, c. F.fluxus, rivus.
STREMERE, of fane (stremer or
fane, s. A. p.)2 Cherucus, CATH.
STRENYOWRE (streynour, p.) Co-
latorium, colatus, (constricto-
rium, P.)
STRENKYL, halywater styk. Asper-
sorium, isopus.
STRENKELYD, or sprenkelyd (stren-
kled, P.) Aspersus.
(STRENKELYN,OI* sprenkelyn, K.H.S.
Aspergo.)
STRENKELYNGE, or sprenkelynge.
Aspersio.
STREXGTHE (strenthe, K. stren-
strobery wyse or freycer, hit is comyne ynoghe. The vertu therof is to hele blerede eyene
and webbys in eyene and hit is gude to hele woundys. It growythe in wodys and cleuys."
Amongst ingredients for making a Drink of Antioch, Sloane MS. 100, f. 21 b. occurs
" streberiwise." A. S. Wisan, plantaria. A dish of Frasce cost 4d. in 1265, according
to an item in the Household Book of the Countess of Leicester, edited fortheRoxb. Club.
1 Sic. There appears to be an error here by the second hand, and also in the word fol-
lowing ; these words should probably read — STREYNYN. '• I strayne with the hand, ye
estraynys; I strayne as a hauke doth, or any syche lyke fowle or beest in theyr clawes. —
Were a good glove I reede you, for your hauke strayneth harde, grippe fort ; I strayne
courteysie, as one doeth that is nyce — faire trop le cowrtow." PALSG.
2 " Cherucus, the fane of the mast, or of avayle (Psayle), quia secundum ventummove-
tur." ORTUS. " Stremar, a baner, JEstandart.'1'' PALSG.
CAMD. SOC. 3 Q
480
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
kyth, s.) Fortitude, vigor., robur,
(potencia, A. p.)
STRENGTHEN', or make stronge
(strenthyn, K.) Fortifico, ro-
boro, vigoro.
STRESSE, or streytynge. Constric-
cio, constrictura.
STRESSE, or wed take be strengthe
and vyolence. Vadimonium.
STRETE. Vicus, strata, c. F. et
KYLW. (platea, P.)
STREETE catchepol bok to gader
by mercymentys.1
STRYDE. Clunicatus, KYLW. (ol-
mucatus, s.)
STRYDYN' (or steppyn ovyr a
thynge, supra.} Clunico, KYLW.
patento, strigio, KYLW. (Vide
supra in stragyn, K. p.)
STRYDYNGE. Patentacio, stragia-
tus, pantagium, KYLW.
STRYFE (or stryuynge, P.) Conten-
cio, Us, rixa, jurgium, litigium.
STRYNGE. Cordula, instita, funi-
culus (corda, p.)
STRYPE, or schorynge wythe a ba-
leys (or wale, infra ; scorgynge,
s.) Vibex, CATH.
STRYPYN', or streppyn, or make
nakyd. Nudo, denudo.
STRYPPYNGE, or makynge [na-
kyd ?] (strypynge or nakynge, K.
s. A. P.) Denudacio.
STRYVAR. Litigator, rixator, con-
tentor, jurgator, contentrix.
STRYVYN'. Contendo, litigo, rixor,
jurgor.
STRYVYN', in pletynge. Discepto.
(STRYUYNGE, supra in strife, P.)
STRYKYN' heedys. Affulo, UG. et c. F.
STROGOLYN' (strobelyn, K. or tog-
gyn, infra). Colluctor.
STROGELYNGE (strokelynge, H. P.)
Colluctacio.
STROY, or dystroyare (stroye, K.
A. P.) Destructor, dissipator,
dissipatrix.
STROKE. Ictus, percussura (jper-
cussio, P.)
STRONDE, or see banke. Litus.
STRONGE (or stalwarthy, or styffe,
supra.') Fortis,potens, rolustus,
validus.
STROWYN'nowsYs,or florys. Sterno.
STROWYN' A-BRODE, or scateryn'.
Spergo.
STROWY??', orlyteryii'. Stramino,
KYLW.
STROWYNG'E, or mater to strowe
wythe (to be strowyd, K. strow-
ynge or stramage, H. p.) Stra-
mentum, CATH. (stramagium, p.)
STROWYNGE, or dede of strowynge.
tSternicio.
STROWPE, of the throte.2 Epiglo-
tUS, C. F.
STROWTYN', or bocyn owte (bow-
tyn, s.) Turgeo, CATH.
ST(R)OWTYNGE, nominaliter. Tur-
gor, CATH. turgi(di)tas, CATH.
STROWTYNGE, adjective. Turgidus.
STROWTYNGLY, or astnrt (strow-
tynge or strowte, a-strowt, A.
astrut, P.) Turgide.
1 Compare CACCHEPOLLE or pety-seriawnte, angarius, p. 58, and MERCYMENT, multa, p.
333. Some street directory or roll of inhabitants seems to be here intended, whereby the
mediaeval police might collect amerciaments, and which may have been familiarly desig-
nated, " The Street Catchpoll.'' This word is not found in MS. K. In s. we read— Strete
cacchpolle boke to gedyr by mercymentys. In MS. A. — Streete catchepollys book to
gadir by mercymentys (no Latin.) — vacat in cop"1 — marginal note.
3 In Norfolk, according to Forby, the gullet or windpipe is still called the Stroop. Isl.
strapa, guttur. " Epifflotum, a throte boll." ORTUS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
481
STRUMPET. Lupa, meretrix, scoria,
lena,pelex, c. F.
( STUBS YLL, K. H. P. or stobul, or
holme, supra. Stipula.}
(STUDDUL, H. studdyll, p. or stodul,
or stedulle, supra. Telarium.)
STWB, fysche ponde (stewe, H.)
Vivarium, CATH.
STWE, bathe. Stupha, terme, UG.
STUFFE, or stuffure. Staurum,
CATH. instauracio.
STUFFYD wythe stoore. Tnstauratus.
STUFFYD, or fylt1 and fulle stoppyd
(fyllyd or ful stoppyd, s. A.) Re-
fertus,farcitus,.CATH.farcinatus.
STUFFYN, or fyllyn'. Repleo, de-
fer do, (instauro, P.)
STUGGE, hoggys trowghe. Sili-
quarium, porcorium, vel alveus
porcowim.
STUK, short (stug, stukkid, schort,
K.) Curtus, brevis.
STUK, or schort garment (stukkyd
clothe K.)2 Nepticula, c. F. (nep-
tula, s.)
STUKNESSE. Brevitas, curtitas.
STULPE, or stake.3 Paxillus, c. F.
STUMLERE (or stomelare, supra.)
Cespitator.
STUMMELYN*. Cespito.
STUMMELYN', or hurtelyn' a-jen a
stole, or clogge, or o]>er lyke
(ajenastoke, s.) Impingo, CATH.
STUMLYNGE. Cespitacio.
STUMPE, of a tree hewyn don.
Surcus, CATH.
STUWYN' METE (stuyn, K.) Stupho.
STUWYN MENN', or bathyii' (stuyn
in a stw, K.) Balneo.
STURBELARE, or turbelare (or stro-
blare, supra, sturblar or trow-
blar, p.) Turbator, turbatrix.
STURBELYN', or turbelyn' (troblyn,
p.) Conturbo, turbo, perturbo.
(STURBELYNGE, or turbelynge, K.
sturblinge or troublynge, p. Tur-
bacio, perturbacio.)
STURDY, vnbuxum. Rebellis, con-
tumax, inobediens.
STURDYNESSE. Rebellio, inobe-
diencia, contumacia.
STURIONE, or sturiowne, fysche
(sturgyn, K. sturiowne or sto-
ryon, s.) Rumbus, c. F. et KYLW.
SWAGYN', or sum what secyn'.
Mitigo, levio, laxo, mulceo.
SWAGYNGE, or secynge. Laxacio.
SWAGYNGE of blood. Stagnacio.
SWABLYNGE, or swaggynge (swab-
byng, A.)
SWALE (or shadowe, P.) Umbra,
umbraculum, estiva, CATH. um-
brosum, c. F.
SWALTERYN' for hete, or febyl-
nesse, or other cawsys (or swo-
wnyn, p.) Exalo, c. F. sinco-
pizo.
SWALTERYNGE, or swownynge.
Sincopa (vel extasis, s.)
SWALOWE, bryde. Irundo.
SWANNE, bryd. Cignus, olor, c. F.
et UG. in olon.
1 In MS. — sylt, which seems to be an error by the second hand ; stoppyd also should pos-
sibly be read — stoffyd.
2 Compare SCUT, garment, nepticula i also SCHORT or stukkyd garment, supra.
3 Compare PALE for wynys, Paxillus. In Norfolk, according to Forby, a low post put
down to mark a boundary or give support to something is called a Stulp. SU.-GOTH.
Stolpe, cawdex. Fabyan states, in his account of Cade's rebellion, that he drew the citi-
zens back from " the Stulpes " in Southwark, or Bridge's foot, to the drawbridge, &c.
Hall, under 4 Hen. VI. mentions likewise the " Stulpes" at London Bridge next South-
wark, where there was a chain by which the way might be barred.
482
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SWAP, or stroke (or sweype, infra,)
Ictus.
SWARDE, or sworde of flesche
(swad or swarde, s.)1 Coriana.
( SWARDE of e erpe, infra in TURFE.)
SWARME (of ben, K. been, s. p.)
Examen.
SWARMYN', as been'. Examine.
SWARMYNGE. Examinatus.
SWARTE, of colowre. Sinopidus,
secundum phisicos, fuscus, niger.
SWARTNESSE. FuSCedo.
SWATHE, of mowynge (swathe of
corne, H. p.) Falcidium.
SWATH YN' chyldyr. Fascio,CATH..UG.
SWATHYNGE of chyldyr. Fasci-
natio, vel fasciacio, OATH.
SUBSTAUNCE. Substctntia.
SUBPRIOWRE. Subprior, vel Sup-
prior.
SUBURBE, of a cyte or wallyd towne
(suburb or sowthbarbys of cyte,
K.) Suburbium, suburbanum.
SUKLYNGE, herbe (suklinge or so-
kynge, H. or suckinge herbe, P.)
Locusta.
SUDARYE (or sodary, H. p.) Suda-
rium.
(SWEYMOWS, or skeymowse, su-
pra. Abhominativus.}"
SWEYNE. Armiger.
SWEYPE, or swappe (or strok, su-
pra, swype, s.) Alapa.
SWEYPE, for a top, or scoorge.
Flagellum.
( SWEPYNGE of an howse, s. Sco-
pilia.}
SWELLYNGE, or bolnynge. Tumor.
SwELNYN',3 orbolnyn' (swellyn, K.
s. p.) Tumeo, intumeo, intumesco.
(SWELTRYNGE, or swalterynge, su-
pra, H. P. or swownynge, infra.
Sincopa.)
SWELWHE, of a water or of a
grownde (swelwe, K. swelth, s.
swelowe, p.) Vorago, c. F.
SWELWYN' (swellyn, K. swolowyn,
p.) Glucio, deglucio, voro.
SWELWYN' ALLE IN. Absorbeo.
SWELWYN', wythe owte chowynge,
as tothles menne. Ligurio, c. F.
et CATH.
SWELWYYNGE of mete (swellynge
of mete and drynke, K. P.) De-
cluticio, (deglucio. P.)
SWEEM, of mornynge (swemynge,
or mornynge, s. A.)4 Tristicia,
molestia, meror.
(SWEMYN, K.H. p. Molestor, mereo.)
SWENGYL, of a fleyle or o]?er lyke.5
Feritorium, KYLW. tribulum,
COMM. et CATH. et UG. v. in T.
SWENGYL, for flax or hempe. Ex-
cudium, Dice.
SWENGYN', or schakyn', as menne
done clothys and ofer lyke.
(Excucio, A.)
SWENGYN', and waweryn', infra in
. WAVERYN.
SWENGYNGE. ExCUSSW.
SWEPARE. Scopator, scopatrix.
SWEPYN'. Scopo, CATH.
SWEPYNGE. Scopacio.
SWERARE. Jurator, juratrix.
1 Forby gives Sward-pork, bacon cured in large flitches. A. S. Swaerd, cutis porcina.
2 Compare Swamous, Craven dialect.
3 This may possibly be read SWELUYN, 5. d. Swelwyii, or it may be only an error by the
second hand for Swellyn. See BOLNYN', supra, p. 43.
" Sweam or swaim, subitci cegrotatio." GOULDM. Compare SWEYMOWSE, supra.
5 See Forby, v. swingel. Compare FLEYLE, swyngyl, supra, p. 155. " Feritorium, a
battynge staffe, a batyll dur, or a betyll." ORTUS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
483
S WE RARE, J>at ofte ys forswore.
Labro, c. F.
SWERYN'. Juro.
SWERYNGE. Juracio.
SwERDE.1 Gladius, rumphea,
splendona, OATH, ensis.
SWERD BERARE. Ensifer, CATH.
spatarius, Gregorius in dialogis.
SWERDE MAN, or he )>at vsytlie a
swerde. Gladiator, CATH.
SWERYN'. Juro.
SWERYNGE. Juracio.
SWETE, of mannys body for hete or
trauayle. Sudor.
SWETE, for hete and oper cawsys
(hete or travayle, K.) Sudo,
UG. in sub, desudo, c. F.
SWETE, yn taste and delycyowse.
Dulcis.
SWETYN', or make a thynge swete
to mannys taste. Dulcoro.
SWETYNGE, appulle. Malomellum,
c. F.
SWETYNGE, of sweete. Sudacio,
desudacio.
SWETNESSE, yn tastynge. Dulce-
do, dulcor.
SWETNESSE, yn smelly nge. Fra-
grancia.
SWETE SOWND (swete songe, s.)
Melos, CATH.
SWETE SOUNDYNGE, or2 ful of swete
sownd. Melosus, cATH.(we/«s,p.)
SWETE, of flesche or fysche or o)>er
lyke (suet, due sillabe, P.) Li-
quamen, sumen, c. F. et KYLW.
SWEVENE, or dreme. Sompnium.
SWEUENE, or slepe (swene or slep,
K.) Sompnus,
SUFFYRABYL. Tollerobilis, passi-
bilis, su/era(bi)lis.
SUFFERAUNCE. Su/ercncia, tolle-
rancia, paciencia.
SUFFYCYENCE, or ynow havynge
(suffisaunce, p.) Sufficiencia.
SUFFYCYENT, or y-now (inowe, K.
inowugh, P.) Sufficiens.
SUFFYR woo or peyne. Pacior,
tollero, fero.
SUFFERYN', yn abydynge. Sino,
CATH. suffero, sustineo.
SUFFYZYN', or ben inowe (at nede,
K. H. ben inoughe, p.) Sufficio.
SUFFRAGANN. Suffraganus.
(SUFFRAGE, or helpe, K. p. Suf-
fragium.}
SuGGE,bryd. Curuca, CATH. linosa.
SWYFTE. Agilis, velox, alacer.
SWYFTELY. Alacriter, velociter,
agiliter.
SWYFTENESSE. Velocitas, agilitas.
SWYCHE (swyhche, H. suche, P.)
Tails.
SWYYNE. Porcus, kirius, CATH. et
c. F.
SWYYNE KOTE, howse for swyyn
(swinysty, K. or sty, supra.^)
Ara, CATH.
SWYYNE HERD (swynshyrd, K.)
Subulcus, porcarius.
SVYN, or pursvyn' (or folwyn, K.)
Persequor, insequor.
SVYN', or folwyn'. Sequor.
SUWYNGE, of folowynge of steppys
(or sute, infra.} /Sequela.
SUWYNGE, or folowynge 3 yn maners
and condycyons. Imitacio.
SVYNGE, or folwynge a sundry
tymys (folwyng of tyme, K. fol-
wyng of sundry tymes, A. suynge
of tyme, p.) Successus.
SWYMMYN' yn water. Nato.
1 Compare BRYGHTE SWERDE, Splendona, supra, p. 52, See also Roquefort, v. Lampian.
2 —of ful of, MS.
3 — fowlynge, MS. folwynge, K. s. folowinge, p.
484
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
SWYNSY, infirmyte. Inguinaria,
gutturna.
SWYPYR, or delyvyr. Agilis.
SWYPYR, and slydyr, as a wey
(slypyr as a wey, s.) Labilis.
SUKYR. Zucura, Dice, vel sucura.
SUKYR PLATE. Sucura crustalis.
SUKYR CANDY. Sucura fie Candia
(candida, s.)
SUKLYNGE, herbe, idem quod SOKE-
LYNGE, supra. Locusta.
SULE erthe (or soyle, K. soylle
erbe, A.) Solum, tellus.
SUMDELE. Aliquantus, aliquan-
tulus.
SUMME, )>e fulle of a nowmbyr
(ful nowmbyr, K. p.) Summa.
SUM, or sumwhat, or a part of a
nowmyr or a noj?er thynge (sume
party of a nowmyr, K.) Aliquis.
SUMNOWRE. Citator.
SUM TYME. Interdum, olim, ali-
quando, quandoque, quondam.
SUMTYME a-monge. Vicissim^alter-
natim.
SUM WHAT. Aliquid.
SUNDAY. Dominica.
SUNDRY, or dyuerce. Varius, sin-
gulus.
SUNNE, planete. Sol, Febus, c. F.
vel Phoebus secundum alios, c. F.
SUNNE BEEM. Radius.
SUNNE RYSE, or rysynge of J>e
sunne (sunne ryst or rysing of
]>e sunne, A.) Ortus, febella,
c. F.
SUNNE SETTYNGE, or sunne gate
downe. Occasus.
SwoNGE,snial and long (orgawnte,
supra.^) Grracilis.
SWORDE, idem quod SWARDE, supra.
SWORE BROTHYR (swyre brodyr, s.
sworne brother, p.) Confede-
ratus, CATH. confedustus, CATH.
SWORYN, or chargyd be othe. Ju-
ratus, adjuratus.
SWOWYN' or sowndyn', as newe ale
and other lycure (swownyn, K.)
Bulbio1 (bilbiOj A. billiso, p.)
SOWWYNGE, or sowndynge, as newe
ale, wyne, or oper lycure
(swowyng of lycour, or sun-
drynge as ale and wyne, K.
swoynge, &c. of newe ale, s.
soundinge of ale or wyne, P.)
Bilbicio (billucio, P.)
SWOWNYN', or owmawtyfi. Sin-
copo, sincopiso, c. F.
SWOWNYNGE (or swalterynge, su-
pra.} Sincopis, c. F.
SUPPON'. Ceno.
SUPPYNGE. Cenacio, cenatus.
SUPPLE, or plyant. Supplex,
flexibilis, plicabilis.
SUPPLUN, or make supple (softe, K.)
(SUPPOSYN, or soposyn, K. H.)
SUPPOSYNGE, or soposynge. Sup-
posicio, estimacio.
SURFET, or excesse. Excessus.
SURFETYN' yn mete and drynke.
Crapulor.
SURFETYN', or forfetyn' yn trespace.
Forefacio, delinquo.
(SURGERAUNT, K. H. sugyner, or a
comynere, . s.) Commensalis,
conviva.2
1 Sic, but ? more correctly Bilbio, or " billo — bibendo sonitum facere." ORTUS.
2 These two Latin words occur in the MS. and in MS. A. after IZxcessus, under
SURFET, being probably misplaced by the second hand, with the omission of the English
terms to which they relate, which are found in the other MSS. Compare SOIURNAUNT
(soioraunt, p.) commensalis, supra, p. 463 ; and SOIOWRYN, or go to boorde.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
485
SURGERYE. Cirurgia, CATH.
SURION, or surgen (surgyn leche,
p.) Cirurgicus, c. F. UG. in
cilleo, cirigicus, vel cirugicus,
UG. v. in M. aliptes, c. F.
SURE MYLKE. Occigulum.
SURNAME. Cognomen (agnomen, p.)
SURPLYCE. Superpellicium.
SURVYOWRE. Supervisor.
SUSPECTE. Suspectus.
SUSPYCYON. Suspicio.
SUSPYCYOWSE. Suspiciosus.
SUSPYRAL, of a cundyte. Spira-
culum, CATH. vel suspiraculum.
(SUSTEYNYN, A. as mete, P. Sus-
tento, sustineo.}
SUSTEYNYN, or supportyn and vp
beryn'. Supporto.
SUTE, or pursute (pursuynge, p.)
Insecucio, persecucio.
SUTE, or suynge, or folowynge.
Sequela.
SUTE, or suynge yn maters and
cawsys. Prosecucio.
TABBARD. Collobium, CATH. et c. F.
TABERNACLE. Tabernaculum.
TABLE. Tabula, tabella, mensa ;
(mensa est pauperum et tabula
divitum, K.)
TABLE, mete boord that ys borne
a-wey whan' mete ys doon.
Cillaba, CATH. et c. F.
(TABYLL, to counte on, K. H. p.
Trapicetum.}
TABLER,! or table of pley or game.
Pirgus, CATH. et UG. v. in P.
TABOWRE. Timpanum.
TABOWRE, for fowlarys.2 Terri-
ficium, COMM.
TABOWRY(N). Timpaniso.
TACHYN', or a-tachyn' and a-
restyn'. Aresto.
TACHYNGE, or a-restynge (reestyng,
A.) Arestacio.
TACLE, or wepene. Armamentum.
TAYLE. Cauda, dica.
TAYLE, infra in TALY.S
TAYLYD, as bestys. Caudatus.
TAYLYN', or TALYYN', infra.
TAKYN', or receyvyn'. Accipio,
sumo, capio, apprehendo, tollo,
prendo, UG. suscipio.
TAKYN' A-WEY. Aufero.
TAKYN' A-WEY by strengthe and
vyolence. Extorqueo.
TAKE HEED, or neme kepe. Ascul-
to, attendo, considero, intendo.
TAKYN' on hande. Manucapio.
TAKYN', or delyueryn a thynge to
a-nother. Trado.
TAKYN', or betakyn' a thynge to
a-nother. Committo.
TAKYN' on hande. Manuteneo.
TAKYNGE, or receyuynge. Accep-
cio, captura, suscepcio (capcio,
TAKKE (or botun, H. P.) Fibula,
fixula, KYLW. nascula, c. F.
TAKKYN', or some what sowyn'
Sutulo, consutulo,
to-gedur.
consuo.
TAKKYN', or
Ajfaculo.
festyn' to-gedur.
1 From the French; Lacombe gives " Tablier, table de jeu de dames, on damier."
" Pyrgus, Anglice, a payre of tables or a checker." ORTUS. In the Liber vocatus Equus,
by Job., de Garlandia, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 114 b., the following line occurs, with English
glosses, — " Pertica, scaccariuim (checure) alea (tabelere) decius (dyce) quoque talus."
Richard Bridesall of York bequeathed, in 1392, " unum tabeler cum le menyhe." Test.
Ebor.
2 A small drum used in fowling to rouse the game. See TYMBYR, lytyl tabowre, infra.
3 Tytaly, MS.
486
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
TAL, or semely. Decens, elegans.
TALE, of mannys spekynge. Nar-
racio.
TALENT, or lyste (lust, K. s. p.)1
Appetitus, delectacio.
TALY, or talye (taly or tayle, A.
tayle of talinge, p.)2 Talia,
tallia, c. F. dica, UG. v. in A. et
CATH. apoca, UG. v. in A. anti-
copa, CATH. (indica, s. K.)
TALYAGE (or taske, m/ra.)3 Cfui-
dagia, c. F. petagium.
TALYYD. Talliatus, dicatus, anti-
copatus.
TALYYN, or scoryn' on taly.4 Tallio,
dico, CATH.
TALYYNGE. Talliacio, anticopa-
cio, anticopatus.
TALYOWRE. Scissor.
TALKYN' . Fabulor, colloquor, con-
fabulor, sermocinor.
TALKYNGE. ConfabulaciOj collo-
cucio, colloquium.
TALLY, or semely and in semely
wyse. Decenter, eleganter.
TALWHE (talowe, P.) Cepum.
TALWY. Ceposus.
TALWYD. Cepatus.
(TALWYN, A. talowyn, p. Sepo.)
TAME. Domesticus, CATH.
TAMYD, or made tame. Domitus,
CATH. domesticatus.
TAMYD, or a-tamyd as a vessel of
drynke. Attaminatus, Dice.
TAMYN', or make tame. Domo,
CATH. domitOy KYLW.
TAME, or attame vessellys wythe
drynke or oj^er lykurys (tamyn
or emptyn vessel with licour, K.)
Attamino, Dice, depleo.
TAMYNGE fro wyyldenesse. Do-
mesticacio.
TAMYNGE, or a-brochynge of a
vessel of drynke (temynge, p.)
Attaminacio, deplecio.
TANNARE, idem quod BARKARE,
supra in B.
TANGGYL, or froward and angry.
Bilosus, c. F. felleus.
TANNY colowre (tawny, p.)
TANKARD. Amphora.
TANNYN', or barky n.' Frunio,
c. F.
TANZE, herbe (tansy, K. p.) Tana-
setum domesticum, quia tana-
zetum silvestre dicitur gosys
gresse, vel cameroche.
TAPPE, of a vessel. Ductillus,
clipsidra (ducillus, K.) .
TAPECER (tapesere, K.) Tape-
tarius.
TAPET. Tapetmn.
TAPSTARE.5 Ducillaria, propi-
naria, clipsidraria, UG. in capio
1 Master Langfranc of Meleyn directs centory to be " sethed wele in stale ale, and
stamped; and the juce mixed with hony, whereof iij. sponfulle eten every day fasting shall
do away the glet fro the herte, and cause good talent to mete." Palsgrave gives " Talent
or lust, talent.'1'' See Lacombe and Roquefort, v. Talant.
2 Compare SCORYN talyys, supra, p. 450. " Tayle of woode, tattle de toys. Slytte this
sticke in twayne, and make a payre of tayles." PALSG. In the Northumberland Household
Book it is directed to deliver to the baker " the stoke of the taill/' and the " swache " or
"swatche" to the pantler. So likewise in regard to beer, one part to be given to the
brewer, the other to the butler.
3 Compare TOL, or custome, infra. ,
4 Scoryn or taly, MS. An error doubtless by the second hand, corrected by the other
MSS.— scoryn on tayle, K., on a taly, s, p.
5 It may deserve notice that in olden times the retailers of beer, and for the most part
the brewers also, appear to have been females. In the note on Cukstoke, supra, p, 107,
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
487
etin clipeo,baucaria, UG. in capio
(ganearia, s.)
TARGE, or chartyr. Carta, UG.
TA(R)GET, or defence. Targea, Dice.
scutum, ancile.
TAARTE, bake mete (tart pasty,
K. p.) Tarta, Dice, tartra,
COMM.
TASSE, of corne, or o]>er lyke.
Tassis, c. F.
TASSEL. Tassellus.
TASYL. Carduus, vel cardo fullo-
nis, paliurus, CATH.
TASKE, or talyage. Taliagium,
taxa, taxacio, capiticensus,
CATH.
TAXYD (taskyd, K. tasked, p.)
Taxatus, capiticensus, CATH. .
TASPYN'. Palpo, UG. v. palpito.
TASPYNGE (tappynge, K. p.) Pal-
pacio, palpitacio.
TAAST, Gustus.
TAAST, or savowre. Sapor.
TAASTYN'. Gusto, libo, prelibo.
TAASTYNGE. Gustacio.
TAASTOWRE. Gustator, ambro, UG.
in ambrosia.
TATERYN', or iaueryn, or speke
wythe owte resone (or iangelyn',
supra, chateryn, K. iaberyn, p.)1
Garrio, CATH. blatero, c. F.
TATERYNGE, or iauerynge (iape-
rynge, s. iaberinge, P.) Gar-
ritus, CATH.
TA VERNE. Taberna, caupona, c. F.
TAVERNERE. Tabernarius, caupo,
tabernaria, caupona, c. F.
(TAXYN, A. p. Taxo.]
TAYNGE, of lond (taping, A. ta-
thynge, K. H. p.) 2 Ruderacio,
CATH. stercorizacio (stercora-
cio, s. A.)
TAYIN londe wythe schepys donge
(ta|>in, K. A. tathyn, s. H. p.) Ru-
dero, CATH. in rudus, stercoro,
c. F.,pastino, BRIT. (stercoriso,p.)
TECHYN'. Doceo, instruo, imbuo,
informo.
TECHYNGE. Doctrina, instruccio,
informacio.
TETCH'E, or maner of condycyone,
(tecche, K. teche, s. tetche ma-
ner or condicion, p.)3 Most con-
dido.
TEYE, of a cofyr or forcer. Teca,
thecarium, KYLW.
TEYYN' wythe bondys (teyyn or
byndyn, K.) Ligo, vincio (vin-
culo, P.)
TEK, or lytylle towche (tekk or
lytyl strock, K.) Tactulus.
TELE, bryd. Turcella, turbella,
KYLW.
TELLE talys. Narro, enarro.
it has been stated that the trebuchetum was the punishment for the dishonest Iraciatrix.
The Browstar faipra, p. 54,) was usually a female. In the Vision of Piers Ploughman we
have a tale of the tippling at the house of " Beton the Brewesterre ;" and Skelton gives a
curious picture of the disorderly habits of the pcmdoxatrix and her customers, at a sub-
sequent period, in his Elinour Rumming.
1 Forby gives the verb to Tatter, to stir actively and laboriously.
2 An error doubtless, by the second hand, for TAJJYNGE or TA)?INGE. See Spelman's
remarks, in v. on a peculiar manorial right in Norfolk and Suffolk called Tath ; and also
Forby, v. Tathe, to manure land with fresh dung by turning cattle upon it.
3 Horman says, " A chyldis tatches in playe shewe playnlye what they meane (mores
pueri inter ludendum)." "0/ritice, crafty and deceytfull taches." ELYOT. See, in the
Master of Game, Sloane MS. 3501, c. xi., " Of the maners, tacches, and condyciouns of
houndes." See also P. Ploughm. Vis. 5470.
CAMD. SOC. 3 R
488
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
TELLE a tale forthe to a-noper.
Refero.
TELLE a-nother, or schewe be
word or tokne. Intimo, denun-
cio, CATH. (dimonstro, s.)
TELLYN', or nowmeryn'. Numero.
TELLYNGE, of talys, or spekynge.
Narracio.
TELLYNGE, or nowmerynge. Nu-
meracio.
(TELLYNGE, or grochynge, K.
Murmuracio.}
TELTE, or tente. Tentorium.
TELTE, hayyr (telt, hayre, H. A. p.)
Gauda,1 Egidius s«/>er rhethori-
cam Aristotelis (cauda, A.)
TELTYD. Gaudatus (caudatus, A.)
(TELTINGE, p. Gaudacio.)
TELWYN', or thwytyri' (twhytyn,
H. twytyn, s. p.) Abseco, reseco.
TELWYNGE, or twhytynge (tel-
whynge or whytynge, K. wy-
tynge, s. tewynge or theytinge,
p.) Scissulatus.
TEME, of a sermone. Thema.
TEMYN',ormaken empty(ortamyn,
supra; tenyn,H.) Vacuo, evacuo.
TEMPERAUNCE of maners and con-
dycyons (to-gedyr, s.) Tempe-
rancia, CATH. moderacio.
TSMPERYN', or menge to-gedur
(myngyn togedyr, K.) 'Com-
misceo, misceo.
TEMPORYN', or sette yn mesure.
Tempero, UG.
TEMPERYNGE, or mesurynge of
sundry thyngys to-gedyr. Tem-
peracio, CATH. temperancia, tem-
peramentum, UG. in tepeo.
TEMPEST. Tempestas, procella.
TEMPLE, holy place (tempyll,
churche, P.) Templum.
TEMPLE, of mannys lieede.2 Tem-
pus, non timpus, secundum
CATH.
TEMPRE, or tempyr (tempyr or
tymper, p.) Tamper amentum.
TEMPT YN'. Tempto,
TEMZE, sive (temse, syue, K. p.
temeze, s.) Setarium, CATH. et
UG. in suo.
TEMZE, water at London (Temeze,
se at London', s.) Tamesia.
TEMZYN' wythe a tymze (temsyn
with a tenze, s.)3 Setatio, CATH.
attamino, setario, UG. in suo.
TENNE, nowmyi-. Decem.
TENAWNTE. Tenens.
TEN TYMYS. Decies.
TENCHE, fysch'e. Tencha, COMM.
TENDYR. Tener.
TENDYRLY. Tenere.
TENDYRNESSE. Teneritudo.
TENDRONE, of a vyne (of vynys,.K.)
Botrio, CATH.
TENE, or angyr, or dyshese.4 An-
gustia, angaria, c. F. tribulacio.
TENEYS, pley. Teniludus (manu-
pilatus, tenisia, P.)
TENEYS PLEYARE. Teniludius.
1 Sic, but? Gattda, gandaiiis, as p. Compare HAYYR, supra ; Cilicium, p. 221.
2 Compare THUN WONGE, infra.
3 " Tartitantariso, to tempse or syfte. Taratantare, a tempse." ORTUS. " Setarium, a
temsyue, i. cribrum. Cervida, lignum quod portat cribrum, a temsynge staffe." MED.
In the Boke for Travellers, by Caxton, we read as follows : " Ghyselin the mande maker
(corbiUier) hath solde his vannes, his mandes or corffes, his temmesis to dense with
(tommis)." In French, " Tanis, a scarce or boulter," &c. COTG.
4 Thus, in the Norfolk dialect, "Teen, trouble, vexation; to Teen," &c FORBY.
" Tenne, peine, fatigue." LACOMBE. A. S. Teona, molestia.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
489
TENEL, vessel. Tenella.
TENEL, or crele. Cartallus.
TENEMENT, or rentere (sic A. tene-
ment place, K. tenement or rent
place, P.) Tenementum.
TENYN, or wrethyri',or ertyn' (wro-
thyn, p.) Irrito, media producta ;
(jtn'to, media correpta, Angliceto
make empty, s.) : versus, — Irri-
tat evacuat, irritat provocat iras.
TENOWN, knyttynge of a balke or
o]>er lyke yn tyinbyr (tenowre, s,
tenon cuttinge in a barke or
other like, p.) Tenaculum, gum-
fus, c. F.
(TENOUR, K. A. p.) Tenor.
TENTE, liyllynge made of clothe.
Tentorium, CATH. scena, CATH.
papilio, c. F.
TENTE, of a wownde or a soore.
Tenta, (magadalis, K. p.)
TENTE CLOTHE. Extendo, lacinio,
UG. v. in L.
TENTURE, for clothe, (tentowre, s.)
Tensorium, extensorium, UG. v. in
v. tentura (constrictorium, p.)
TEERE, of flowre.1 Amolum, c. F.
TERRE, or pyk, or pyche. Pissai-
gra, CATH. colofonia, c. p.
TERAGE, erthe.2 Humus, solum,
terragium.
TERAWNTE. Tirannus.
TERAWNTRYE (tyranture, s.) Ti-
rannia.
TERCEL, hawke. Tercillus, KYLW.
TEERE, of wepynge. Lacrima.
TERRERE, hownde (terry are, s. A.)
Terrarius.
TERYARE, or ei*tare. Irritator.
TERYAR, or longe lytare (sic A. teriar
or longe bidar, p.)3 Morosus.
TERYN', or weryn', as clothys or
other thyngys. Vetero, CATH.
attero.
TERYN', or hylle wythe erfe.
Terriculo (terreno, K. p.)
TERYYN' or longe a-bydyn\ Moror,
pigritor.
(TERYYN, or ertyn, supra in TE-
NYN, K. H. P.)
TERRYN', wythe terre. Colofoniso,
pissaigro, CATH.
TERYYNGE, or ertynge. Irritacio.
TERYYNGE, or longe a-bydynge.
Mora, pigricia.
TERYNGE, or werynge, or slytynge
(slintinge, p.) Veteracio, CATH.
inveteracio, consumpcio.
TEERME. Terminus.
TERNYD, in pley or o]>er thyngys
(teernyt in pley or other lyk,
s.) Ternatus.
TERNYN', yn gamys pleyynge.
Terno.
TERNYNGE. Ternatus, tern(a)cio
(ternacio, A. p.)
TERWYD. Lassatus, fatigatus.
TERWYN', or make wery (or we-
ryyii, infra.) Lasso, fatigo.
TERWYNGE. Lassitudo, fatigacio
TESTAMENT. Testamentum.
TE ESTER, or tethtere of a bed.
Capitelluiu.
TETE. Uber.
TEW, or tewynge of lethyr. Fru-
nicio.
1 " Pollis, vel pollen, est idem in tritico quod flos in siligine, the tere of floure."
Whitinton, Gramm. 1521.
2 In Archseol. xxxi. 336, the term " tarage" occurs, signifying the base or groundwork
of an object. Cotgrave gives Terrage in a different sense, signifying field rent. See Halli-
well's Glossary, v. Terrage ; earth or mould.
3 Compare LYTYN, or longe taryyii, and LYTYNGE, supra, p. 308.
490
PROMPTORIUM FARVULORUM.
TEW, of fyschynge. Piscalia, in
plurali, reciaria, CATH. reciacula.
TEWARE. Corridiator.
TEVWYD. Frunitus.
TEWYN' LETHYR. Frunio, corrodio,
KYLW.
(TEWYNGE, of lethyr, supra in TEW.)
THAK, for howsys. Sartatectum,
c. F. sartategmen, CATH.
THAK-KYN' HOWSYS. Sartatego,
CATH. sarcitego, CATH.
THAKKYNGE. Sartatectum, UG. in
sarcio, tecmentum.
THAKSTARE. Sartitector, CATH. et
UG. tecto(r), c. F. (tector, A.)
THANKE. Grates, graciarum accio,
gratulamen.
THANKYN'. Regracior.
THAARME (or gutte, supra.} Su-
men, viscus.
THEDAM (or thryfte, infra.) Vigen-
cia.
THEDE,bruarys instrument. Qua-
IUS, C. F. Vel CaluS, CATH.1
THEEF. Latro,fur, vespilio, CATH.
THEEN, or thryvyn'. Vigeo, CATH.
THEFTE. Furtum, latrociniwn.
1 "Calus, vas vimineum vel de salice per quod musta colantur." CATH. " Thede, a
brewars instrument." PALSG. Forby gives "Thead, the wicker strainer placed in the
mash-tub over the hole in the bottom, that the wort may run off clear;" more commonly
called in Norfolk a " Fead."
2 Compare WHYTHE THORNE, infra. In Heber MS. 8336, at Middle Hill, is the fol-
lowing recipe, xiv. cent.: " Anothur mete that hatte espyne. Nym the floures of theoue-
thorn clenlichee i-gedered and mak grinden in an morter al to poudre and soththen;
stempre with milke of alemauns othur of corn, and soththen; do to bred othur of amydon
vor to lyen, and of ayren, and lye wel wyth speces and of leues of thethorne, and stey
throu floures, and soththen dresece." In the Wicl. Version, Judges ix. 14 is thus rendered :
" And all trees seiden to the ramne (ether theue thorn) come thou and be lord on us."
Ang. S. J>efe-J?orn, Christ's thorn, rhamnus, vel rosa canina.
3 Brushwood, brambles; compare Ang. Sax. J>efe-J?orn, ut supra. In Accounts of Works
at the Royal Castles, t. Hen. IV., Misc. Records of the Qu. Rem., are payments for re-
pairing a " gurgit"1 — flakes and herdles, &c. — et in iij. carect' de teuet — pro flakis et aliis
necessaris ibidem faciendis, — spinas ej; teuette pro sepe," &c.
4 Compare GOUERNYN and mesuryii in manerys and thewys, supra, p. 206, and MANER
of theve, p. 324. Ang. S. Theaw, mos.
5 A word retained in N. Country Dialect. Ang. S, J>igan, acciperedlum. " He haueth
me do mi mete to thigge." Havelok, v. 1373. See Jamieson.
(THENDE, infra in TYDY, s.)
THENKARE. Cogitator, pensator.
THENKYN'. Cogito, meditor.
THENKYN' cheryawntly (thynkyn
charyawnly, s. chargeawntly, K.
charyteabylly, H. chariawntly, A.
chyritably, p.) Penso.
THENKYNGE. Cogitacio, pensacio.
THERF, wythe owte sowre dowe
(not sowryd, H. p.) Azimus.
THERKE, or dyrk (or myrke, supra.}
Tenebrosus, caliginosus.
T(H)ERKNE8SE,orderkenesse. Te-
nebre, caligo.
THETHORNE, tre (thevethorntre,
K.)2 Ramnus.
THEYE, bmsch (there brush, s.)3
THEWE, or pylory. Collistrigium.
THE WE, maner or condycyon (tiiewe
or manerys, K.)4 Mos.
THY, lymme of a beeste. Femur.
THYGGYNGE, or beggynge.5 Men-
dicacio.
THYKKE, as lycure. Spissus.
THYKKE, aswodys, gresse, or come,
or other lyke. Densus.
THYKKE CLOTHE.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
491
THYKKENESSE, as of lycure. Spis-
situdo.
THYKKENESSE, as of wodys, gresse,
corne, or other lyke. Densi-
tas.
THYKKYN', or make thykke, as
wodys, cornys, and oj>er lyke.
Condenso.
THYKKYN', or make thykke, as ly-
curys. Spisso, inspisso.
THYLLE, of a carte. Temo, CATH.
et UG. in telon.
THYLLE HORSE. Veredus, c. F.
(yeredarius, P.)
THYMBYL. Theca, Dice, digita,
NECC.
THYNNE, as lycure. Tennis.
THYNNE, as gresse, corne, wodys,
and o]>er lyke. Rai^us.
THYNNE CLOTHE, that ys clepyd a
rylle. Ralla, UG. v. in s.
THYNNESSE, or thynhede of licurys,
as ale, water, and o]>er lyke.
Tenuitas.
THYNNESSE, of wodys, cornys, and
o]>er lyke. Raritas.
THYNGE. Res.
THYNNYN', or make thynne, as
wodys, cornys, gresse, and o]?er
lyke. Rareo.
THYNNYN', or make thynne, as ly-
curys. Tenuo, CATH.
THYRCE, wykkyd spyiyte1 (thirse,
goste, K. tyrce, s. A.) JDucius,
CATH. et UG. in duco.
(THYRKE, supra in THERKE, K.)
THYRLYN', or peercyn' (thryllyn,
s.) Penetro, terebro, perforo.
THYRSTE, or thryste. /Sitis.
THRYSTY. Sitiens, sitibundus.
THRYSTYN', or pressyn,'. Premo,
comprimo.
THRYSTYN', or thyrstyn' aftyr
drynke. Sitio, CATH.
THYSTYLLE. Cardo, carduus.
THYHT, hool fro brekynge, not
brokyn' (thythe or hole, H. P.)
Integer (solidus, p.)
THYHT, not hool wythe-in (sic A.
thythe or hole, p.) Solidus.
THYHTYN', or make thyht. Inte-
gro, consolido, solido, CATH.
THYXYL, instrument (twybyle, s.
thyxill, p.2) Ascia.
THOKE, as onsadde fysche.3 Hu-
morosus, CATH. et UG. insolidus.
1 "Dmius, i. demon, a thrusse, J?e powke. Ravus, a thrusse, a gobelyne." MED. GB.
" Hobb Trusse, hie prepes, hie negoc^^^s.'>'> CATH. ANG. "Lutin, a goblin, Robin Good-
fellow, Hob-thrush, a spirit which playes reakes in mens houses anights. Loup-yarou, a
mankind wolf, &c.; also a Hobgoblin, Hob-thrush, Robin Good-fellow." COTG. See also
Esprit follet, Gobelin, and Luiton. Bp. Kennett, in his Gloss. Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033,
gives " A thurse, an apparition, a goblin. Lane. A Thurs-house or Thurse-hole, a hollow
vault in a rock or stony hill that serves for a dwelling-house to a poor family, of which there
is one at Alveton and another near Wetton Mill, co. Staff. These were looked on as en-
chanted holes, &c." See also Hob-thrust, in Brockett's N. Country Glossary. Ang. S.
byrs, spectrum, ignis fatuus^ orcus. In the earlier Wicliffite version, Isai. xxxiv. 15 .is
thus rendered : " There shal lyn lamya, that is a thirs (thrisse in other MSS.), or a beste
havende the body lie a womman and horse feet." The word is retained in various parts of
England in local dialect, and may possibly be traced in names of places, as Thursfield,
Thursley, &c.
2 "Celtes, a cheselle or a thyxelle. Ascia, a thyxelle, or a brode axe, or a twybylle."
MED. MS. CANT. "Celtes, a chyselle or a tixil." MED. Harl. MS. 2270. A. S. >ixl, temo.
3 This term occurs in Stat. 22 Edw. IV. c. 2, in which it is enacted that fish with
broken bellies are not to be mixed with tale fish. " Thokes (fish with broken bellies),
492
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
THOLLE, carte pynne (or tolpyn, in-
fra.} Cavilla, Dice. c. F. et NECC.
THONGE of lethyr(orladde,SM/?ra.)
Corrigia (ligula, CATH. et c. F., p.)
THORNE. Spina, sentis, sentix,
CATH.
THORNEBAK, fysche. Uranus, c. F.
uranoscopus, ragadies.
THO(R)PE, or thrope, lytylle towne
(thorp, litell towne or thorough-
fare, K. P.) Oppidum, c. F.
THOWE, of snowe, or yclys or yce.
Resolucio, liquefaccio, degelacio.
THOWYN', or meltyn', as snowe and
other lyke. Resolvo.
THOWYN', as yce and oj>er lyke (or
ykelys, s.^Degelat, resolvit, CATH.
THOWMBE. Pollex.
THOWNGE, or lanere (thonge or
laynere, K.) Corrigia, ligula,
c. F. (lingula, Dice., p.)
THOSTE (ortoord, infra.} Stercus.
THOWHTE, or thynkynge. Cogi-
tacio, meditacio.
THOWHTE, or hevynesse yn herte.
Mesticia, molestia, tristicia.
THOWHTE, yn hertyly besynesse
(yn wordly besynesse, S.A.) So-
licitudo.
THOWrTHY8TYLLE, herbe (or SOW-
thystylle, supra.} Rostrum por-
cinum.
TnowTYJ5', or seyn thow to a maim
(thowyn or sey Jm, A.)1 Tuo.
THRAL, bonde. Servus.
THRALDAM. Servitus.
THRE, nowmyr. Tres.
THRE CORNERYD. Trigonus, tri-
angularis.
THREFOOLD. Triplex.
THRE FOTYD, as stolys, or tres-
tyllys, or trevetys, or other lyke.
Tripos, CATH. trisilis, c. F.
THRE HALPWORTHE. Trissis, CATH.
THRE HUNDRYD. Trecenti.
THRE MANNYS SONGE. Tricinnium,
KYLW.
THRE SCHAPTYD - CLOTHE (thre
schaffcyd, A.).2 Trilix, c. F.
(triplex, s.)
THREDE. Filum.
THREDEBARE. Invillosus, devil-
losus.
THRESCHARE. Triturator, flagel-
lator, KYLW.
THRESCHYN'. Trituro, fiagello.
THRESCHYNGE. Trituracio.
THRESCHWOLDE. Limen (cardo, p.)
THRETARE. Minator.
THRETYN'. Minor, comminor.
THRETYNGE. Mine, comminacio.
THRETTY (thyrty, p.) Triginta.
THRYD (thyrde, p.) Tercius.
THRYFTE, idem quod THEDAM,
supra.
THRYFTY. Vigens.
(THRYSTE, supra in THYRSTE.)
(THRISTYN, supra in PRESSYN, K.)
(THRYWYN', supra in THEEN'.)
TnrxOKGE, or grete prees. Pres-
sura, compressio.
(THROPE, idem quod THO(R)PE,
supra. Oppidum.)
THROTE. Guttur.
Een op gesneden visch." SEWEL. Compare Thokish, in Forby's Norfolk Glossai-y, and
Sir T. Brown's Works, iv. 195. As a personal name we find also, in East Anglia, " Pau-
linus Thoke," in an extent of the vill of Marham; it is sometimes written " Toke." In the
Winchester MS. of the Promptorium, under the letter C., occurs " Cowerde, herteles, long
thoke; Vecors, &c."
1 See 3EETYN, infra.
~ Compare TOSCHAPPYD CLOTHE, infra; bilix ; p. 497. Ang. Sax. sceapan,/orw«re.
PIIOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
493
THROTE GOLLE.1 Epiglotum, frti-
men, c. F.
THROWE, a lytyl wyle. Momentum,
morula.
THROWE, womannys pronge (seke-
nes, K.) Erumpna.
THROWYN', or castyn'. Jacto,ja-
cio, projicio.
THROWE DOWNE, yn to a pytte or
a valeye (pytte or odyr place, s.)
Precipito.
THROWYN', or turne vessel of a tre.
Torno, CATH. et c. F.
THROWYNGE, or castynge. Jac-
tura, jactus.
THROWYNGE DOWNE, fro hey place
(throwynge downe to lowe place,
K. P.) Precipicium.
THRO WYNGE ,or turnynge of vesselle.
Tornado, scutellacio, tornatura.
THRVMM, of a clothe. Filamen,
KYLW. villus, fractillus, UG. in
frango.
THRUSTYLLE, bryd (thrusshill or
thrustyll, P.) Merula, Dice.
(THYWTYN', or TELWYN', supra,
H. K. twytyn, supra in tewyn,
s.)
TH\VYTYNGE, or telwynge. Sectula-
tus, abscidula, abscindula, KYLW.
THUNDYR. Toniti^uum.
THUNDYR CLAPPE. Fulgur,fulmen.
THUNDERYN'. Tonat.
THUN WONGE, of mannys heede.2
Tempus, UG. in tepeo.
THURROK, of a schyppe. Sentina,
CATH. et c. F. et UG. in sentio.
THURGHE, a thynge or place. Per,
intra.
THURWHE STONE, of a grave (thwrwe
ston of a byryinge, K. thro we or
thorw ston of a beryynge, H.
throwe or throwstone, &c. P.)
Sarcofagus, CATH. et c. F.
THURGHFARE. Oppidum, CATH.
THUS. Sic.
THUS MANY. Tot.
THUS MEKYL. Tantum.
TYCYN', or intycyfi'. Instigo, allicio.
TYCYN', or prouokyn'. Provoco.
TYCYNGE, or intycynge. Incitacio,
instigacio, c. F.
TYYDE, or tyme. Tempus.
TYDY, or on-thende3 (thende, s.
tydy or theende, A.) Probus.
TYDYN', idem quod happyn' (tydyn
or betydyn, s. tydyn or thryuen,
supra in then, P.)
TYDYNGYS. Rumor.
TYDYNGYS BERARE. Rumigerulus,
UG. in ruo.
TYFFYN', werke ydylly, idem quod
TYMERYN', infra.
TYFFLYNGE, or vnprofytabylle
werkynge (tyffynge, s. A. p.)
TYKE, wyrm. Ascarabia, ascarida,
UG. v. in v. et c. F.
TYKYL. Titillosus.
TYKELYN'. Titillo.
TYKYLLYNGE. Titillacio.
1 " Throte gole or throte bole, neu de la gorge, gasier." PALSG. " Epiglotum, a throtft
bolle. Friimen, the ouer parte of the throte, or the throte bolle of a man." ORTUS.
" Taurus (governeth) the necke and the throte boll " (le noeud de dessoulz la gorge, orig.)
Shepherd's Calendar. "A throte bolle, frumen hominis est, rumen animalis est; ipoglot-
tum.^ CATH. ANG.
2 Compare Gaut. de Bibelesworth, — "mon haterel (nol) oue les temples (^onewonggen)."
4< A thunwange, tempus." CATH. ANG. A. Sax. J?un-wang, tempora capitis.
3 Sic, Pan error for thende, as in MSS. s. A. This word may be from THEEN, vigeo.
Compare ON-THENDE, invalidus; and ON-THENDE, fowl, and owt castjswpra, p. 367. Halli-
well gives " Unthende, abject." " Tydy, merry, hearty." Bp. Kennett.
494
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
TYLARE. Tegulator.
TYLLARE, or tylmann. Colonus,
agricola, ruricolus.
TYLYX' howsys. Tegulo.
TYLYNGE, of howsys. Tegulacio,
tegulatus.
TYLESTOXE (tyle, K. p. tyilstone, A.)
Tegula, later.
TYLLYX', or tylle londe. Colo.
TYLLYXGE, of londe (tilthe, K. p.)
Cult ura.
TYMBYR,of trees (tymberortymmer
of trese, P.) Meremium.
TYMBYR, lytyl tabowre. Timpa-
nillum.
TYME, idem quod TYYDE (tyme,
whyle, P. Tempus.}
TYME, herbe. Tima, timum, c. F.
et UG.
TYME, flowre. Timus, UG. v. in T.
TYMERYN', idem quod TYFFYX',
supra.
TYMYN, or make in tyme (and) in
seson. Temporo, (tempera, P.)
TYNNE, metal. Stannum.
TYYNDE, prekyl (tynde, piyke, K.)
TYNYD, wythe a tyne (tyndyt with
tyndys, K.) Carnicatus.
TYNYD, or hedgydde (tyndyd, p.)
Septus.
TYNNYD wythe tynne. Stannatus,
CATH.
TYNYN', or make a tynynge.1 Se-
pio, UG.
TYXNYN' wythe tynne. Stanno,
CATH.
TYNYNGE, drye hedge. Sepes.
TYXXYNGE wythe tynne. Stannacio.
TYXKARE (tynnare, s.) Tintina-
rius; et capit nomen a sono artis,
ut tintinabulum, sus, et multa
alia, per onomotopeiam.
TYNTE, mesure.2 Saturn, CATH.
TYPPE, of a gyrdylle. Mordacu-
lum.
TYPPE, or lappe of the ere. Pin-
nula, c. F.
TYP, of the nese. Pii-ula, CATH. et
c. F.
TYPETT. Liripipium.
TYRDYL, schepys donge. Rudus,
CATH. ruder, UG. in ruo.
TYRE, or a-tyre of wemmene.
Mundum muliebris, (sic] c. F. in
mundanus, redimiculum, CATH.
TYRE WYNE, or wyne TCy)re3'(or
wyne Tyre, K. A.)
TYRREMENT, or intyrrenient. Fu-
nerale (funebria, p.)
TYRF, or tyrvynge vp on an hoode
or sleue (tyrfe or turn^ge vp
ajen, K. t}Twynge of an hood,
s. tyrvyng of an hood, &c. A. tyrfte
or turnynge vp agayne, p.)4 Re-
solucio (revolucio, H. s.)
TYSAXE, (hynke. Ptisana, CATH.
et c. F.
TYSYK, sekenesse. Tisis.
TYTE TUST, or tusrnose of flowrys
or othyr herbys (tytetuste or
tussemose, s.)5 Olfactorium.
TYTEMOSE,biyd. Frondator, KYLW.
TYTYLLE. Titulus, apex, CATH.
1 TYMYN, or make a tymynge, MS. The MSS. H. s A. and Pynson's printed text, read
Tynyn, tynynge. Tinny, a hedge, is still used in the North, and in the West of England.
2 Compare EYJTYXDELE, Saturn; supra, p. 137; and HALF a buschel (or tynt,K.) p. 222.
3 Sic MS. The first hand may have written — or wyne of Tyre. " Tver drinke, amer
brwui'ige." PALSG. " Capricke, Aligant, Tire," occur in Andrew Boorde's Breviary of
Health, c. 381.
4 " Turfe of a cappe or suche lyke, rebras." PALSG.
5 Bishop Kennett gives " Tuttie, a posie or nosegay, in Hampshire Tussy Mussy, a
PROMPTORIUJI PARVULORUM .
495
TYTYMALLE, ox faytowrys grees
(tytuvalle or fautorys gresse, s.)1
Titimallus, lacteria, c. F.
TYTHE. Decima.
TYTHYN', or paye tythe. Decimo.
Too, of a foot. Articulus.
To, or tweyne (to, nowmere, K.)
Duo.
To BLAME, or blame worthy. Cul-
pabilis, culpandus, increpandus.
To CUMME. Futurus, venturus.
TOD, or toyid2 (tod or tothid, K.
tojnd, A.) Dentatus.
TODAY. Hodie.
TOODE, fowle wyrme.3 Bufo.
TODELYNGE. BufouuluS, Ve
TO-FALLE, schudde.4 Appendicium,
c. F. appendix, teges, CATH.
TOFT. Campus.
TO-GEDYR. Simul, insimul, pari-
ter, una, mutuo.
TOGGYN', idem quod STROGELYN',
supra (toggyn, or strubbelyn, K.)
TOGGYN', or drawyiT (drattyn, s.)
Tractulo.
TOGGYNGE (or. A.) drawynge. At-
tractulus.
TOGGYNGE, or strogelyiige (to-
gedyr, K. p.) Colluctacio.
TODYSHATTE (or musclieron, su-
pra.)5 Tuber, c. F.
To HAND SWERD. Spata, CATH.
cluniculum, CATH.
TOKNE. Signum.
TOKNE, wythe eye or wythe the
hand. Nutus, CATH.
TOKNE, of a thynge to ctimme or
cummynge. Pronosticum.
TOKNE, or sygne of ane in, idem
quod SENY, supra (signe of an
ostry, p.)
(TOKYN, or syne where a boke
faylyt, K. where a boke lakkyth,
s. A. P. Asteriscus.)
TOKNYN', or make tokene.6 Signo.
ToL,orcustome.7 Guidagia, c.F.pe-
tagium, toloneum, CATH. vectigal.
nosegay." Lansd. MS. 1033. "A Tuttie, nosegay, posie or tuzziemuzzie, Fasciculus,
sertum oif actor ium." GOULDM. See Tosty in Jennings' W. Country Glossary; and also
" Teesty-tosty, the blossoms of cowslips collected together, tied in a globular form, and
used to toss to and fro for an amusement called teesty-tosty. It is sometimes called simply
a tosty." Donne, Hist, of the Septuagint, speaks of "a girdle of flowers and tussies of all
fruits intertyed," &c.
1 Compare FAYTOWRYS gresse, and see the note on FAYTOWRE, supra, p. 146. The
various species of Spurge (euphorbia, or the tithymalus of the old botanists) were much
in esteem amongst empirics, and extraordinary effects supposed to be thereby produced,
such as to make teeth fall out, hair or warts fall off, to cure leprosy, £c to kill or stupefy
fish when mixed with bait. See the old Herbals, and especially Langham's Garden of
Health, under Spurge and Tythimal.
2 Sic, doubtless for to)>id. Compare TGTHYD,iM/ra.
3 Compare FROGGE, or frugge, tode, supra, p. 180, and PADDOK, p. 376.
4 A penthouse. See Brockett, N. Country Glossary, v. Tee-fell, and To-fall ; and
Jamieson. Wyntown uses the term " to-falls " in his account of the burning of St. An-
drews' Cathedral, in 1378, denoting, as supposed, the porches of the church.
5 In Arund. MS. 42, f. 3, may be seen the virtues attributed to Agaric growing " by
the grounde of the fir— lewede folkys callyn it tode hat." In Norfolk, according to
Forby, a fungus is called a Toad's-cap.
6 — made tokene, MS. make tokyn, K. s. A. p. Palsgrave gives " I token, I signyfye, &c.
I token, I signe with the sygne of the crosse : I wyll token me with the crosse from their
companye : je me croyseray •," &c.
7 Compare TALYAGE, supra, p. 486.
CAMD. SOC. 3 S
496
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
TOL, of myllarys. Multa, CATH. in
molo; etalia infra in TOLLYNGE.
TOOL, instrument. Instrmnentum.
TOLLARE, or takare of tol. Telone-
arius.
TOLHOWSE. Teloneum, Dice.
TOLLARE or styrare1 to do goode
or badde. Excitator, instiga-
tor.
TOLLYN', or make tolle (take tolle,
K. P.) Guido, multo, c. F.
TOLLYN', or mevyn', or steryn' to
doon (to done a dede, K.) In-
citOj provoco, excito.
TOL YON', or motyn' (tolyyn, K.
taylyon, s. tollyn or motyn, p.)
Discepto, placito.
(TOLYYNGE, supra in MOTYNGE.)
TOLLYNGE, styrynge, or mevynge
to good or badde. Instigacio,
excitacio.
TOLLYNGE, of myllarys.2 Multura,
vel molitura.
TOLPYN, idem quod THOLLE, supra.
To MEKYL. Nimis, nimius.
TOOM, or rymthe (sic A. toome or
rynyth, s.)3 Spacium, tempus,
oportunitas.
TOOM, or voyde. VacMus.
TONEL, to take byrdys. Obvolu-
torium, COMM.
TOMEREL, donge cart, supra in D.
TONGGE, of a bee. Aculeus.
TONGGE, of a knyfe.4 Pirasmus.
TONGGE, fyyr instrument (tongys
to fyyr longynge, K.) Forceps.
TONGGE, or scharpnesse of lycure
yn tastynge.5 Acumen.
TONYCLE. Levitonarium, CATH.
dalmatica, COMM. (lemtorium, s.)
TONOWRE, or fonel.6 Infusorium,
c. F. suffusorium, CATH. futile
(futis, P.)
TOP, or fortop (top of the bed, K.
p.) Aqualium, CATH.
TOP, or cop of an hey thynge. Ca-
cumen.
TOP, of a maste. Carchesia,
CATH. et c. F.
TOP, of chylderys pley. Trochus,
c. F.
TOPPYN', or fechte be the nekke
1 — stryare, MS. styrer, A. sterrere, s.
2 Compare TOL, of myllarys, multa. Bp. Kennett, Glossary in Par. Ant. v. Molitura,
says that the term signified the toll taken for grinding; molitura libera was exemption from
such toll, a privilege generally reserved by the lord to his own family. Palsgrave gives
" I tolle, as a myller doth; je prens le tollyn.'1'' The lord in some cases demanded toll from
his tenants for grinding at his mill. See Ducange, v. Molta.
3 In N. country dialect to teem signifies to pour out; the participle teem or teum sig-
nifies empty — " atoom purse makes a blate merchant." — N. C. Prov. See Ray, Brockett,
&c. The noun, signifying space, leisure, appears to be thus used in the Sevyn Sages —
" I sal yow tel, if I haue tome, of the Seuen Sages of Rome," v. 4. Danish, Tom, empty,
Tommer, to make void. Compare TAME, s^lpra, p. 486, and TEMYN, or maken empty,
p. 488. The reading of MS. s. may be (in extenso) toome or rymnyth.
4 " Pyrasamus, Anglice, a tongue." ORTUS. Possibly the part of a knife technically
termed the tang, to which the haft is affixed.
5 Forby gives " Tang, a strong flavour, generally, but not always an unpleasant one."
Fuller says of the best oil, " it hath no tast, that is no tang, but the natural gust of oyl."
Skinner derives the word, now written commonly twang, from the Dutch Tanghe, a-cer.
6 TONOWRE, of fonel, MS.— or fonel, s. A. See FONEL, supra, p. 170. In Norfolk, ac-
cording to Forby, the term in common use is Tunnel, a funnel ; A.-Sax. ta3nel, canistrum.
" Infusorium est quoddam vascuhim per quod liquor ini'unditur in aliud vas, &c. An-
glice a tonell-dysshe." ORTUS.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
497
(feytyn, H. fyjth, s. fythe, A. feigh-
tyn by the nek, P.) Colluctor.
ToRBELARE,1 or he ]?at makythe
debate. Turbator, jurgator,
jurgosus, perturbator, jurgatrix.
TORBLE, or torblynge (torbelynge
or distrubbelynge, K. turble or
trublynge, s. distorblyng, p.)
Turbacio, jurgium, perturbacio,
disturbium.
(TORBELON', idem quod TROBLON,
infra.)*
TORCHE. Cereus.
TOORD, or thost. Stercus.
TORET, lytylle towre. Turricula,
CATH.
THORYBLE, or sensure (or tumble,
infra.) Thuribulum, ignibulum,
CATH. (igniculum, s.)
TORMENT, or turment. Tormentum,
supplicium,
TORNEAMENT. Tormamentum.
TORTUCE, beest (torcute, P.) Tor-
tuca, c. F.
TOSARE, of wulle or other lyke.
Carptrix.
TOSCHAPPYD CLOTHE (tooschaptyd
cloth, s.)3 Bilix, c. F.
TOSCHE, longe tothe (toyssh, p.)1*
Colomellus, culmus, c. F.
TOSCHYD, or tuskyd (toysshyd, p.)
Colomellatus.
TOSYNGE, of wulle or oper thyngys.
Carptura.
TOSON' wulle or other lyke (tosyn
or tose wul, s.)3 Carpo.
TOOST, of brede (toosty of breed, A.)
Tostus, testa, UG. in torqueo.
TOOSTE brede, or oper lyke. Tor-
reo, CATH. et UG.
TOSTYNGE. Tostura.
TOTTE, supra in FOLTE (or folett,
or foppe, supra.)
TOTE HYLLE.6 Specula, CATH. et C.F.
1 TORKELARE, MS. torbelar, K. H. P.
2 Compare also DRVBBLYN, or torblya watur, supra, p. 133, and DYSTURBELYN, &c.
p. 123.
3 Compare THRE SCHAPTYD clothe, supra, p. 492. " Bilix — est pannus duobus fills
stamineis contextus — a clothe with .ij. thredes." ORTUS. Ang.-Sax. sceapan, formare.
4 In Norfolk Tosh signifies, according to Forby, a tusk, a long curved tooth, a toshnail
is a nail driven aslant.
5 " I toose wolle, or cotton, or suche lyke; je force de laine, andj'e charpie de la laine :
It is a great craft to tose wolle wel." PALSG. " Tosing, carptura ; to tose wool or lyne,
carpo, carmino." GOULDM. This word is used by Gower —
" What schepe that is full of wulle,
Upon his backe they tose and pulle." — Conf. Am. Prol.
6 " A Tute hylle, arvisium, montarium, specula." CATH. ANG. " Speculuris, Anglice a
tutynge hylle (al. totynge). Arvitium, a tutynge hylle." ORTUS. " bpeculare, a totynge
hylle and a bekyne. Conspisillum est locus ad conspiciendum totus, a tote hulle.''1 MED.
GR. " Totehyll, tnontaignette.'1'' PALSG. This term, of such frequent occurrence in local
names in many parts of England, has been derived from Ang.-Sax. " Totian, eminere
tanquam cornu in fronte." See Dr. Bosworth's A. Saxon Diet. We find, however, the verb
to Tote in several old writers, signifying to look out, to watch, to inspect narrowly, to look
in a mirror, &c. See P. Ploughman, Spenser, Skelton, Tusser, £c. Thus in Havelok,
2105, " He stod, and totede in at a bord ;" Grafton, 577, describes a " totyng hole" in a
tower, through which the Earl of Salisbury, looking out, was slain by shot from a "goon,"
at the siege of Orleans in 1427. Gouldman gives the verb " to toot," as synonymous
with to look. Mr. Hartshorne, in his Salopia Antiqua, enumerates several of the nume-
rous instances of the name Toothill, Castle Tute, Fairy Tcote, &c. and the list might be
498
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(amphitheatrum, K. teatrum, P.)
TOTE HYLLE, or hey place of lokynge
Conspicillum, CATH. et UG. in
spicio, theatwm, CATH. amphi-
theatrum, CATH.
TOTELARE. Susurro.
TOTELON' TALYS (totelyn, K. P. to-
tylyn tale in onys ere, s.) Su-
surro, CATH.
TOTELYNGE. Susurrium, CATH.
TOTERON', or waveron'. Vacillo.
TOTERYNGE, or waverynge. Vacil-
lacio.
TOOTHE. Dens.
TOOTHE DRAWARE. Edentator, deii-
traculus.
TOOTHELES, for age. Edentatus.
TOOTHELES, for 3imgthe (for
3unthe, K. yojghe, s. youth, p.)
Edentulus.
TOTYR, or niyry totyr, chylderys
game (mery totyr, H. s. p. mery
tofir, A.)1 Oscillum, CATH.
TOWHHE, not tendyr(tow, A. tough,
p.) Tenax.
Toow, of a rok, or a roket (or of a
reel, K. A. towe of hempe, or flax,
or othyr like, K.) Pensum, c. F.
TOWAYL, or towaly (twaly or towel,
s. towayle or tavayle, H. tuayl or
tualy, A.) Manitergium, togilla,
facitergium, gausape, c. F.
TOWCHON. Tango (contracto, P.)
TOWNE. Villa.
TOWGHENESSE (toWUCSSe, K. A.
touglmes, P.) Tenacitas.
TOWNE WALLYS. Menie.
TOAVRE. Turris.
TOWRE, made oonly of tymbyr.2
Fala, CATH. c. F. et UG. v. in A.
TOWRYD. Turritus.
TOWRYNGE. Turrificacio.
TOTHYD, or tod wythe teethe (toyid,
or todd, s. tojnd or tod, A.)3
Dentatus.
TOTHERE, or the tothere (tojrir or
the other, K. p. toyere or toder,
s.) Alter, reliquus, alius.
TRACE, ofawey overafelde. Trames,
CATH. et UG. in traho.
largely extended. The terra seems to denote a look-out or watch tower. In the version of
Vegecius, Roy. MS. ISA. XII. f. 106, we read that "Ayger is a Toothulle made of longe
poles pighte vp righte and wounde about with twigges as an hegge, and fillede vp with
erthe and stones, on whiche men mowe stonde and shete and caste to the walls." In the
earlier Wicl. version, 2 Kings, V. v. 7 is thus rendered; " Forsothe Dauid toke the tote
hil Syon (arcem Sion) that is, the citee of Dauid;" and v. 9, " Dauid dwellide in the tote
hil " (in arce) in the later version " Tour of Syon." Again, Isai. xxi. 8, " And he criede
as a leoun vp on the toothil (speculam) of the Lord I am stondende contynuelly by day,
and vp on my warde I am stondende alle ny3tus;" in the later version, "on the totyng
place of the Lord." Sir John Maundevile gives a curious account <jf the gardens and
pleasaunce of the king of an Island of India, and of " a iitylle Toothille with toures," &c.
where he was wont to take the air and disport. Travels, p. 378.
1 See MYRY TOTYR, supra, p. 338, and WAWYN, or waueryn yn a myry totyr, infra. " Oscil-
lum, genus ludi, cum funis suspenditur a trabe in quo pueri et puelle sedentes impelluntur
hucetilluc, — atotoure. Petaurus, quidam ludus, a totre." MED. GR. " Tytter-totter, a
play for childre, balenchoeres." PALSG. Forby gives Titter-cum-totter, in Norfolk dialect,
to ride on the ends of a balanced plank. " JBransle, a totter, swing, or swidge, &c.
Jouer a la Jtausse qui baisse, to play at titter totter, or at totter arse, to ride the wild mare.
Saccoler, to play at titter toter or at totterarse, as children who sitting upon both ends of
a long pole or timber log, supported only in the middle, lift one another up and down."
COKJ. See Craven Glossary, v. Merry-totter.
2 Compare SOMYR CASTELL, Fala, supra, p. 464.
3 See TOD, or toyid, supra, p. 495.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
499
TRACYN', or draw strykys. Pro-
traho.
TRACYNGE, or drawynge for to make
an ymage or an other thynge (to
make a pycture or gravynge, K.)
Protractio.
TRAYCE, horsys ha(r)neys. Tenda,
c. F. traxus, restis, BRIT, trahale.
TRAYLE, or trayne of a clothe. Si-
rina, CATH. lacinia, c. F. tramis,
CATH. vel frames, UG. v. in T. et F.
segmentum, CATH.
TRAYLYN', a(s) clo]?ys. Segmento,
CATH. sirino, CATH.
TRAYNYN', or tranyyn', or longe
taryyn' (traylyn or teryyn, K.
traynyn or terryyn, H. p. or a-
bydyn, s.) Moror, differo.
TRAYNE, or dysseyte. Prodicio,
fraus (deceptio, P.)
TRAMAYLE, grete nette for fysch-
ynge (tramely, K. tramaly, H. p.)1
Tragum.
TRAMALY, of a mylle, idem quod
HOPUR ; supra ; et faricapsia.
TRAMPLYD. Tritus.
TRAMPELYN' (trampyn, s.) Tero.
TRAMPELYNGE. Tritura.
TRANCYTE, where menn walke.2
Transitus.
TRANYYNGE, or longe a-bydynge
(trancyynge, s.) Dilacio,mora.
TRAPPE, formyce and oj?er vermyne.
Muscipula, decipula.
TRAPPE, to take wythe beestys, as
berys, borys, and o]>er lyke.
Tenabulum, venabulum, UG.
TRAPERE, or trapur (trapowre, p.)
Falefa, CATH. foliar e, c. F.
TRAPPYD, wythe trapure. Falera-
tus.
TRAPPYD, or be-trappyd and gylyd
(trappy d or deceyuyd, K. or be-
gylyd, s.) Deceptus, illaqueatus,
decipulatus.
TRAPPYN' HORS. Falero, CATH.
TRAPPYN' A-BOWTYN', or closyii' (or
inclosyn, K. p. or include, s. trap-
pyn a-bowte or includyn, A.)
VallOj circumdo.
(TRAPPURE, supra in TRAPPERE, K.)
TRAVAYLE (or labour, A. or robour,
s.) Labor.
TRAVAYLYN', or laboryn'. Labor o.
TRAVAYLOWRE. Laborator, -trix.
TiiAUAs.3 Transversum.
1 Compare FLWE, nette, Tragum, supra, p. 168. " Tramell to catche fysshe or byrdes,
Trameau."" PALSG. Tremaille, treble mailed, whence alier tremaille, a traramell net or
treble net for partridges, &c, Trameau, a kind of drag net or draw net for fish; also a
trammell net for fowle." COTG.
2 Compare TRESAWNTE in a howse, Transitus, infra. In the Gesta Rom. 277, the
adulterous mother confined in a dungeon thus addresses her child — " Q my swete sone,
a grete cause have I to sorow, and thou also, for above our hede there is atransite of men,
and there the sonne shynethe in his clarte, and alle solace is there !" The Emperor's
steward walking overhead hears her moan, and intercedes for her.
3 A travas or travers is explained by Sir H. Nicolas in his Glossarial Index, Privy P.
Exp. of Eliz. of York, p. 259, as a kind of screen with curtains for privacy, used in cha-
pels, halls, and other large chambers; he cites several instances of the use of the term in
household accounts and other documents, to which the following may be added. In the
inventory of effects of Henry V. in 1423, we find " j. travers du satin vermaille, pris viij.
li. ovec ij. quisshons de velvet vermaill,'" &c. probably for the king's chapel; also a " tra-
vers" for a bed : see Rot. Parl. vol. iv. pp. 227, 230. Chaucer, in the Marchantes Tale,
it will be remembered, thus uses the term in the narrative of the nuptial festivity — " Men
dranken, and the Travers drawe anon." In a Survey of the manor of Hawsted, in 1681,
500
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
TRAWE, of a smythe (trough of a
smythy, p.)1 Ypodromus, CATH.
et c. F. ergasterium, trave, COMM.
TRE, whyle hyt waxythe. Arbor.
TRE, hew downe, or not growynge
(hewyd downe and not waxynge,
p.) Lignum.
TREACLE (halyvey, or bote a-jen
sekenesse, supra).z Tiriaca,
antidotum, c. F. (treacha, p.)
it is stated that Sir William Drury possessed " Scitum manerii, &c. uno le mote circutn-
jacente, uno le traves ante portam messuagii predicti, et unam magnam curiam undique
bene edificatam." Cullum's Hawsted, p. 142. Sir T. More was so greatly in favor
during 20 years of his life at the court of Henry VIII. that, as Roper says, "a good part
thearof used the kinge uppon holie daies, when he had donne his owne devotions, tosende
for him into his traverse, and theare, sometimes in matters of Astronomy, Geometry, Divi-
nity, and suche other faculties, and sometimes of his worldly affaires, to sit and converse
with him." In this and other instances a traverse seems to have been a kind of state pew,
or closet. So likewise we read that when Queen Elizabeth visited Cambridge in 1564, on
the south side of the chapel at King's College was hung a rich Travas of crimson velvet
for the queen's majesty; and when she entered the chapel, desiring to pray privately, she
" went into her Travys, under a canopy." Le Keux, Mem. of Camb. vol. ii. King's Coll.
pp. 20, 21. Thus also Fabyan relates that the king coming to St. Paul's " kneled in a
trauers purueyed for hym " near the altar. Chron. 9 Hen. VI. A Traverse is explained
in the Glossary of Architecture as having been a screen with curtains, in a hall, chapel,
or large chamber.
1 "A trave for to scho horse in, Ferratorium.'1'' CATH. ANG. This term, it will be remem-
bered, is used by Chaucer, in his description of the Miller's young wife, where he says —
" she sprong as a colt in a traue " (rhyming to save). Miller's Tale. This is doubtless the
frame used for confining an unruly horse whilst being shod. According to Forby, a
smith's shoeing shed is called in Norfolk a Traverse. Edm. Hey ward, of Little Walsing-
ham, blacksmith, bequeaths to his wife, in 1517, " my place wich is called the house at
the travesse," a term which may probably have been connected with that occurring above.
Norfolk Archaeology, vol. i. p. 266. Palsgrave gives only " Trough for smythes, Auge a
2 Antitodum, MS. and s. p. The composition of various kinds of Tkeriaca, an antidote for
bites of serpents and venomous animals,is given by Pliny and other writers. Scribonius Lar-
gus speaks of it as made of the flesh of vipers. In the Middle Ages it was highly esteemed
against poison, venom of serpents, and certain diseases; the nature of the nostrum may be
learned from ancient medicinal treatises, such as Nic. de Hostresham's Antidotarium,
Sloane MS. 341. The Treacle of Genoa appears to have been in very high repute; its
virtues are thus extolled by. Andrew Borde, physician to Henry VII. " Whan they do
make theyr treacle a man wyll take and eate poysen and than he wyl swel redy to borst
and to dye, and as sone as he hath takyn trakle he is hole agene." Boke of the Introd.
of Knowledge, 1542. Thus also says Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, " of bestes,
venemous serpentes, lizarts, scorpions, fliea, wormes, who of thise worrnes shall be byten he
must haue triacle, yf not that he shall deye !" We cannot marvel that costly appliances
were often provided wherein to carry so precious an antidote, so as to be constantly at
hand, such as the " pixis argenti ad tiriacam,"" Close Roll 9 Joh. ; the " Triacle box du
pere apelle une Hakette, garniz d'or," among the precious effects of Henry V. ; the Godet,
holding treacle, the gift of John de Kellawe, found with relics and offerings to the shrine
of St. Cuthbert at Durham, in 1383; and the " Tracleere argenteum et deauratum cum
costis de birall," bequeathed by Henry, lord Scrope in 1415 to his sister. A curious illus-
tration of the great esteem in which Treacle of "Genoa was held, and of the difficulty of
obtaining it unadulterated, occurs in the Paston Letters, vol. iv. p. 264; and in 1479,
during the great sickness in England, John Paston entreats his brother Sir John to send
him speedily "11 pottys of tryacle of Jonne, they shall coste xvj.d. — the pepyll dyeth
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
501
TREBELYN', or make threfolde (tre-
belyn or threfoldyn, s.) Triplico.
TREBLE, or threfolde. Triplex,
triplus.
TREBLESONGE (treble of orgene
songe, K. trebyl songe, s.) Pre-
centus, KYLW.
(TREBYL SYNGARE, A.)
TREBGOT, sly instrument to take
brydys or beestys (trepgette, s.)1
Tendicule, plur. UG. tendula,
CATH. venabulum, excipulum, UG.
in capio (tripulum, UG. v., s. A.)
TREBGET, for werre (trepgette, s.)
Trabucetum, COMM. et Dice.
TREDYN'. Tero (calco, K.)
TREDYN VNDYR FOTE. Pessundo,
CATH. et UG. in do (intercalco, P.)
TREDYNGYS, wythe the foote. Tri-
tura.
TREDYL, or grece.2 Gradus, pe-
dalis, CATH.
TREGETTYN'. Prestigior, pancra-
cio, UG.
TREGETTYNGE. Mimatus, presti-
gium, CATH. pancratium, CATH.
joculatus (preclautus, s.)
TREGETTOWRE.S Mimus, panto-
mimus, joculator, c. F. et CATH.
TRETCHERYE (tretcherye or tre-
terye, H. P.) Dolus, fraus, do-
lositas, 'subdolositas (subdolus,
TRECHEROWSE (or disseyvabyl, H.)
l)olosus, versipellis, c. F.fraudu-
lentus.
TRELYS, of a wyndow, or o}?er lyke
(or grate, supra.} Cancellus,
c. F. et CATH. (sedicula, H. p.)
TREMELYN'. Tremo, contremo.
TREMELYNGE, or qwakynge. Tre-
mor, trepidacio.
TRE(N)CHAUNT, or plyaunt (tren-
chaunt, K. s. p.) Plicabilis,
versatilis, versabilis.
TRENCHOWRE. Scissorium.
TRENCHOWRE, knyfe.4 Mensaculus,
Dice.
sore in Norwiche ;" vol. v. pp. 260, 264. In Miles Coverdale's translation of Wermu-
lierus' Precious Pearle, it is said that " the Phisitian in making of his Triacle occupieth
serpents and adders and such like poison, to driue out one poyson with another." The
term occasionally occurs to designate remedies differing greatly from the true theriaca.
In Arund. MS. 42, f. 15 b. we read that juice of garlic *' fordo]? venym and poyson my^tily,
and J>at is ]>e skyle why it is called Triacle of vppelond, or ellys homly folkys Triacle."
1 Palsgrave gives "Pitfall for byrdes, Treboucket."" The term which originally designated
a warlike engine for slinging stones, and also, owing to a certain similarity in construc-
tion, the apparatus used in the punishment of the cucking stool (see p. 107, supra), signi-
fied also a trap or gin for birds and vermin. Ducange remarks, v. Trebuchetum, Trepyet,
&c. " appellatio mansit apud Gallos instruments aut machinulis suspensis et lapsilibus ad
captandas aviculas."
2 See GRECE, or tredyl, supra, p. 209. In MSS. s. A. the reading is Tredy] of grece, which,
if grece is taken here as signifying a staircase, may be more correct. See Nares, v. Grice.
3 Compare IOGULOWIIE, supra, p. 263. In the later Wicliffite version 2 Chron. c. 33,
v. 6, is thus rendered, •' Enchaunteris (ether tregetours) that disseyuen mennis wittis."
Chaucer uses the word, and also Treget, in allusion to marvellous tricks resembling those
still practised in India. See Frankelein's Tale, and Tyrwhitt's note on line 11,453. Herman
says, in his Vulgaria, " a iugler with his troget castis (vaframentis) deceueth mens syght ;
— the trogettars (prcKstiyiatores) behynd a clothe shew forth popett3 that chatre, chyde,
iuste and fyghte together." Fr. Tresgier, magic, Tresgetteres, magicians, according to
Roquefort.
4 Probably a knife for carving ; such appliances were usually in pairs: — " Item, iij.
parin de Trencheours." Invent, of Ric. de Ravensere, Archd. of Lincoln, 1385.
502
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
TRENDELYN' a rownd thynge
(trendlyn as with a roon
thynge, s. as with a rownde
thynge, A.) T rodeo, volvo.
TREND YL. Troclea.
TRENKET, sowtarys knyfe.1 Anx-
orium, KYLW. (axorium, A. an-
soriwn, P.)
TRENTEL. Tricenalis, (trentale, K.)
TRESAWNCE, in a howse (tresauns,
H. p.)2 Transitus, transcencia,
KYLW.
TRESSE, of heere. Trica, c. F.
TRESSYN' HEERE. Trico, UG. v.
TRESOWRE. Thesaurus, CATH.
TRESOWRERE. Thesaurarius.
(TRESOWRYE, K.) Erarium, gaso-
philacium ; et est an hoordhowse
similiter.
TRESPAS. Offensa, delictum, culpa,
forefactio.
TRESPACYN'. Offendo, delinquo.
TRESPASOWRE. Fore/actor, delic-
tor, malefactor.
TRESUN. Traditio, prodicio.
TRETABLE. Tractabilis.
(TRETYD, P. Tractatus.)
TRETE (tretye or tretyce, H. p.
tretyng, A.) Tractatus.
TRETON'. Tracto, pertracto.
TRETOWRE (traytowre, s.) Tra-
ditor, proditor.
TRIBUTARYE. Tributarius.
TRYBUTE. Tributum, multa, CATH.
TRYFELARE (tyfflare, s.) Trufator,
nugax, gerro, UG. in gero, nu-
gaculus, CATH.
TRYFLE. Trufa.
TRYFLON,3 or iapyn' (trifelyn, K.
tryflone, A. tryfflyn, p.) Trufo,
ludijico, (nugo, K.)
TRYFOLYE, herbe (tryfole, s.) Tri-
folium, CATH.
TRY YD. Preelectus, probatus, ex-
aminatus, (electus, p.)
TRYIN' (tryyn, K. s. H. p. tryin, A.)4
Eligo, preeligo.
TRYYN' a trowthe be dome. Dis-
cerno, CATH.
TRYYNGE. Eleccio, preeleccio, ex-
aminacio.
TRYLLYN', or trollyii'.5 Volvo,
CATH.
TRYPE (or pawncheclowt, supra, or
1 " A Trenket, ansorium, sardocopium," CATH. ANG. " Trenket, an instrument for a
cordwayner, Batton atourner soulies.'"1 PALSG. *' Trenchet de cordouannier, a shoemaker's
cutting knife." COTG. In a Nominate by Nich. de Munshuil, Harl. MS. 1002, under
" pertinentia allutarii," occur •« Ansermm,, a schavyng knyfe; Galla idem est, Trynket;
— Pertinentia rustico. — Sarculum, a wede-hoke ; Sarpu,, idem est, Trynket."
2 Compare TRANCYTE, where menn walke, supra,, p. 499. Hormansays, in his Vulgana,
" I met hym in a Tresa,\vne'(deambulatorio') where one of the bothe must go backe." A
leaf of some early elementary book, found in the Lambeth Library, printed possibly by W.
de Worde, contains part of a Nominate in hexameters. "Pergula (a galery), transcenna (a
tresens), podium, cum coclea (a wyndyng steyr), gradus (a grece)." W. of Wyrcestre
uses the term " le Tresance," p. '288, signifying a passage leading to a hall, &c. Pals-
grave gives only " Tresens that is drawen ouer an estates chatnbre, del."
3 TRYFLOM, MS. which seems doubtless an error, corrected by the other MSS. and
by Pynson's printed text. See IAPYN, supra, p, 257.
4 Possibly written TRYM, erroneously, as TRYFLOM, supra.
5 Chaucer uses the word to Trill, to turn or twist, in the Squire's Tale, and speaks of
tears trilling or rolling down the cheeks. In the translation of Vegecius, attributed to
Trevisa, it is said of the " Somer castell or bastile, — thies toures must have crafty wheles
made to trille hem lightly to the walles." B. iv. c. 17. " I tryll a whirlygyg rounde
aboute, Je pirouette. I tryll, Je jecte."1"1 PALSG. See TROLLYNGE, infra.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
503
wamclowte, infra.) Scrutum,
CATH. tripa, CATH. et c. F. mag-
mentum, CATH, azimum, c. F.
TRYPET.* Tripula, trita, c. F. (<n-
ftmz, K. P.)
TRYPPYN', or stoomelyii'. Cespito.
TRYYST, merke. Limes, c. F. tneta.
TRYYSTE, wyndas (tryys, K.) Ma-
china, carchesia, CATH. troclea,
c. F.
(TROBLARE, idem quod ST(R)O-
BLARE, supra.)
TROBLON', idem quod TORBELON,
supra (trobelyn, K.)
TROLLYN', idem quod TRYLLYN',
supra.
TROLL YNGE, or rollynge. Volucio.
TRONE. Tronus.
TROPERE (or ympner, H. or an
hymnar, p.) Troparius (liymna-
., rius, P.)
TROSTE. Confidencia, fiducia.
TROSTY, sekyr. Fidus, fidelis,
(perfidus, p.)
TROSTYLE. Tristellus, KYLW. et
Dice, tripos, COMM.
TROSTLY, or sekyrly. Conjidenter,
fiducialiter.
TROSTY MANN, havynge o]>er menys
goode in kepynge (trostman,
K.) Fiduciarius, c. F.
TROSTON'. Confido.
TROTTARE, horse. Succursarius,
COMM. trottator, sucussaior, CATH.
TROTTON', as hors. Succurso, c. F.
TROTTYNGE. Succursus, sucus-
satura, CATH.
(TREWAST, s. A.* Scrutarius.)
TROWAUNT.S Trutannus, infra.
TROW AGE. Vectigali.
TROWEL, ynstrument. Tnilla, CATH.
THROWHE, vessel (trow, K. 8.
trough, P.) Alveus, c. F. alveolus,
KYLW.
TROWGHE, of a mylle (trow, K. s.
trough, P.) Farricapsa, KYLW.
TROWA\VNT (trowent, K. trowande,
p.) Trutannus, discolus.
TROWANTYSE (trowentyze, K. trow-
antysy, s. trowanderye, p.) Tru-
tannia, CATH. discolatus (trutan-
nizatio, p.)
TROVWONTON' (trownton', s. trow-
antyn, p.) Trutannizo, CATH.
TROWTHE. Veritas.
TROWTHE, or feythefulnesse(trowth
and lewte, K. leaute, P.) Fide-
litas.
TROWTE, fysche. Truta, tructa, c. F.
TRUBBLYN, idem quod TROBELYN',
supra.
TRWE. Verus.
TRUWELY. Vere, veraciter.
TRUWE MANN, or woman. Verax.
TRUWYS, or truce of pees (trwys,
K.) Treuge, UG. in trepido.
TRVWE, in belevynge. Catholicus*
TRUKKON, roryri, or chaungyri'.
Cambio, campso, CATH.
TRUMPE. Tuba, buccina, tibia.
1 Possibly a trippet, which, according to Mr. Halliwell's Prov. Diet., is the same as trip,
a ball of wood, &c. used in the game of trip, in the North of England, as described by Mr.
Hunter in his Hallamshire Glossary. The ball is struck with a trip-stick. Tritura is
rendered in the Ortus merely in its ordinary sense of threshing.
2 Scrutarius signifies a dealer in old clothes, or a bookbinder. See Ducange.
3 The repetition of this word here, in the Harl. MS. only, may be an error of transcript.
Forby gives, as the pronunciation in Norfolk, Troant, pronounced as a monosyllable, a
truant; and to Troant, play truant. " A trowane, discolus, tmtannus. To be Trowane,
trutannizare."> CATH. ANG.
CAMD. SOC. 3 T
504
PROMPTOR1UM PARVULORUM.
TRUMPET, or a lytylle trumpe, that
clepythe to mete, or men to-
gedur. Sistrum,c.-F.(scrutum,8.}
TRUMPON'. Buccino, clango, CATH.
TRUMPOWRE. Buccinator, tibicen.
TRUNCHYNE, staffe (trunchone, K.)
Fustis, trunculusj KYLW.
TRONCHON, or wardere (trunchyn or
wardrere, s. A.)1 Porticulus, CATH.
TRUNCHON, wyrme.2 Lumbricus, hoc
tamen estfalsum, per c.F.et CATH.
(tarinus, secundum Levesey, s.)
TRUNKE, for kepynge of fysche.
Gurgustium, c. F. et CATH. nassa.
TRUTHEPLYTYN' (truplytyn, K. s.
trouthj)lityn, p.)3 Affido, c. F.
TRUSSE, or fardelle. Fardellus,
sarcina, CATH. et c. F. (clitella, p.)
TRUSSELLE.* Trussula, KYLW.
(CATH. s.)
(TRUSSYD, of fardel, K. trussyd or
fardellyd, H. p. Fardellatus,
sarcinatus.)
TRUSSYD vp, and bowndyn (trus-
sed vp or bounde, P.) Fasciatus.
', or make a trusse. Sar-
cino, fardello.
TRUSS YN, and byndyn', as menn
done soore lymys. Fascio.
TRUSSYNGE VP. Fasciatura, vel
fasciatus.
TRUSSYNGE COFUR. Clitella, COMM.
c. F. et UG. in T.
TUBBE, vessel. Cuvula,5 velparva
cuva.
TUKKYN' vp,orstykkyn' vp (tuckyn
or stychynup elothis K. trukkyn
vp or stakkyn up, H. trukkyn
vp or stackyn vp clothes, P.)
Suffarcino, CATH.
TUKKYNGE VP (of clothys, or styk-
kynge, supra.) Suffarci(naci)o.
TWEYNE, idem quod TOO, supra.
TWELWE. Duodecim.
TWELVETYMYS. Duodecies.
TWENTY. Viginti.
TWENTY TYMYS. Vigesies.
TWEST, or twyste, of be eye (tweeste
of the iye, H. p.) Hirquus, CATH.
c. F. et UG.
1 Porticulus is explained in the Catholicon to be " baculus parvus ad portandum habilis,
et porticulus vel portusculus malleolus in navi cum quo gubernator dat signum remiganti-
bus in una vel in gemina percussione." Palsgrave gives " Warder, a staffe." Compare
WARDER, infra.
2 " Lumbricus — vermis intestinorum et terre, quasi lubricus, quia labitur, vel quia in
lumbis sit." CATH. The following remedy is given " for tronchonys. Take salt, peper,
and comyn, evynly, and make yt on powder, and jef it hym or here in hote water to
drynke; or take the juse of rewe and }if it hym to drynke in leuke ale iij. tymes." Ma-
nuale P. Leke, MS. XV. cent. Another occurs in a MS. version of Macer, under the
virtues of Cerfoile. " Solue cerfoile with violet and vyneger, and this y-dronkyne wole sle
wormis in the bely and the trenchis" (sic).
3 This word occurs between TRUMPON and TRUSSYN, amongst the verbs, possibly as hav-
ing been originally written TRUPLYTYN.
4 In provincial dialect, in some localities, Trussel signifies a stand for a cask. Mr.
Wright, in his useful Dictionary of Obsolete English, states that the word signifies also a
bundle, the diminutive doubtless of truss, and, in Norfolk, a trestle, a use of the term
which Forby has overlooked. Moor gives, in his Suffolk Words, Tressels or Trussels, to
bear up tables, scaffolds, &c. " Trussulla, a trussell." ORTUS. This word also designated
the punch used in coining. " Troiisseau, a trussell, the upper yron or mould that's used
in the stamping of coyne." COTG.
5 Cumula, or cuuuila (?) MS. possibly for cuvvila. Compare covella, cuvellus, cupa
minor. Due. French, cuve, cuvellette, a tub.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
505
TUSTE, or croppe (trest or corfe,
s. A.)1 Coma.
TRUT, or ptrot, skornefulle word
(thprut, s. A.)« Vath.
TDGURRY, schudde.3 Tugurrium.
(TWHYTYNGE, supra in TEL-
WYNGE.)
TWYBYL, wryhtys instrument (a
wrytys tool K. wryjtys, s.) Bi-
sacuta, biceps.
TWYBYL, or mattoke. Marra,
Dice, ligo, c. F.
TWYGGE. Virgula, Dice, ramus-
culus.
TWYE LYGHTE, be-fore the day.
Diluculum, CATH.
TWYE LYGHTE, a-fore )>e ny3hte.
Crepusculum.
TWYLYGHTE, be-twyx }>e day and
J>e nyghte, or nyghte and be day.
Hesperus, CATH. hespera, UG.
TWYKKYN, or sum-what drawyn'
(twychyn, K.) Tractulo.
TWYNE, threede. Filum torsum,
vel filum tortum.
TWYNYN' THREDE, or o]>er lyke.
Torqueo, CATH.
TWYNYNGE (or wyn(d)ynge, of
threde, infra.) Tortura, vel
torsura.
TWYNKELYNGE, of the eye. Con-
niventia, CATH.
TWYNKYN',* wythe the eye (or
wynkyn', infra; twynkelyn, K.)
Conniveo, CATH. nicito, CATH.
nictoj c. p. connivo, UG. in colo,
conquinisco.
TWYNNE, or twynlynge (twynnys
or twyndelynys, K.) Gemellus,
gemella, geminus, c. P.
TWYSTE, of the eye (or twest, supra ;
twest of the iye, p.) Hirquus,
CATH.
TWYSTE, of wyne holdynge.5 Ca-
priolus, c. F. et UG. in capio,
corimbus, CATH. corimbus, UG.
(TWYTYN, idem quod TELWYN, su-
pra, H. P.)
TULY, colowre.6 Puniceus, vel
punicus, c. F. in urina.
TVMBE, or grave for worschyp-
fFtille menne (tvmbe of grete and
worthy men, K.) Mausoleum,
UG. in mauron.
(TVMBE, or grave, K. H. p. Tum-
ba, tumulus, sepulchrum.)
1 Compare TYTE TUST, supra, p. 494. Palsgrave gives " Tuske of lieer, Monceau de
cheueulx : Tufte of heer," (the same). According to Mr. Halliwell's Archaic Glossary,
Tuste has the same signification. See CROPPE, of an erbe or tree, s^lpra, p. 104. " A
twyste,frons ; to twyste, defrondare ; a twyster of trees, defrondator.^"1 CATH. ANG.
2 Compare FY, su2)ra, p. 159.
3 Cotgrave gives in French, " Tugure, a cottage, a shepheard's coat, shed or bullie."
4 This verb is written likewise Twynkyn, in the Winchester MS. Herman says, in the
Vulgaria, " Overmoche twyngynge of the yie betokethe vnstedfastnesse. — Twynlynge,
conniirens,*' &c. Twink, in the dialect of some parts of England, is synonymous with
Wink.
5 The tendrils of a vine are here intended. " Corimbi — dicuntur anuli vitis, que proxima
queque ligant et comprehendunt." CATH.
6 Tuly appears to have been a deep red colour; the term occurs in Coer de Lion,
" trappys of tuely sylke," v. 1516, supposed however by Weber to be toile de soie. Gawayne,
pp. 23, 33, &c. Among the gifts of Adam, abbot of Peterborough, 1321, a chasuble is
mentioned «' de tule samito." Sparke, 232. See also in Sloane MS. 73, f. 214, a " Resseit
for to make bokerham tuly, or tuly }>red, secundum Cristiane de Prake et Berne;" the
color being described as '* a maner of reed colour as it were of croppe mader," which by
a little red vinegar was changed to a manner of redder color.
506
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM,
TUMLARE (tumblar, p.) Volutator,
(volutatrix, s.)
TUMLYN'. Voluto, volvo, CATH.
TUMLYNGE. VolutaCW,
TUMREL, donge carte. Finland,
titubatorium, COMM. et cetera
supra in TOMEREL, et in D.
TUNDYR, to take wythe fyyr. Fun-
gus, CATH. (napta, p.)
TUNNE, vesselle. Dolium.
TUNGE, of a beeste. Lingua, glossa.
TUNGE, of a balance or scolys.
Examen, CATH. amentum, CATH.
trutina, c. F.
TUNGE, of a bocle. Lingula, KYLW.
TUNHOVE, herbe (tunnowe, K.
thorny how, s. thonnhowe, A.)1
Edera terrestris.
TUNNON, or put drynke or other
thynge yn a tunne, or ofoer ves-
selle. Indolio.
TUNNOWRE, idem quod TONOWRE,
supra.9- (Infusorium, CATH. P.)
(TURBELARE, supra in STURBE-
LARE.)
(TURBYTE, spyce, s. A.)3
TURBUT, fysche. Turtur, turbo,
C. F.
TURFE, of the fen. Gleba, gle-
bella, KYLW.
TURFE, of flagge, swarde of J>e
erj>e (turfe flag, or sward of
erth, s.)* Cespes, c. F. et CATH.
terricidium, COMM.
TURRIBLE (or thoryble,) idem quod
SENCERE, supra.
TURRYBLON', or sencyn'. Thuri-
fico.
TURMENT (or torment, supra.}
Tormentum.
TURMENTYLLE, hcrbe. Tormen-
tilla.
TURMENTYN'. Torqueo, CATH.
affligo, tormento, BRIT,
TURMENTYN', ordysesoii', or vexon.
Vexo.
1 See the note on HOVE, or ground ivy, supra, p. 250. Skinner derives tun hove from
A. S. tun, sepes, and hof, ungula, a hoof, from the form of the leaves; the name is, how-
ever, more probably as suggested by Parkinson, enumerating the various provincial appel-
lations of the plant, — " Gill creep by the ground, Catsfoote, Haymaides, and Alehoof most
generally, or Tunnehoofe, because the countrey people use it much in their ale." Theater
of Plants, ch. 93.
2 Compare FONEL, or tonowre, supra, p. 170.
8 The mineral Turbith, a yellow sulphate of mercury, may be here intended. The word
js found in the Winchester and Add. MSS. only. The term Turpethum, however, is ex-
plained by Rulandus in his Lexicon Alchemice, as derived from Arabic, and used to de-
signate some bark or root of a plant, which may have been the spice with which the
compiler of the Promptorium was familiar.
4 See FLAGGE, supra, pp. 163, 164, and SWARDE, p. 482. " Turfe of the fenne, Tourle
de lerre. Turfe flagge sworde, Tourbe."" PALSG. " A Turfe, cespes, yleba. A Turfe grafte,
turbarium." CATH. ANG. The distinction above intended seems to be retained in East
Anglian dialect, according to Forby, who gives the following explanation ; — "Turf, s.
peat; fuel dug from boggy ground. The dictionaries interpret the word as meaning only
the surface of the ground pared off. These we call flags, and they are cut from dry heaths as
well as from bogs. The substance of the soil belowthese is turf. Every separate portion is a
turf, and the plural is turves, which is used by Chaucer." In Somerset likewise, peat cut
into fuel is called turf, and turves, according to Jennings' Glossary. In a collection of
English and Latin sentences, late xv. cent. Arundel MS. 249, f. 18, compiled at Oxford
for the use of schools, it is said, — " I wondre nat a litle how they that dwelle by the see
pyde lyvethe when ther comythe eny excellent colde, and namely in suche costys wher
ther be no woodys; but, as I here, they make as great a fire of torvesas we do of woode."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
507
TURMENTOWRE. Tortor, satilles,
C. F.
TURNAMENT, idem quod TORNA-
MENT, supra.
TURNARE, or he that turnythe a
spete or other lyke. Versor.
TuRNSEKE.1 Vertiginosus, c. F. et
UG. in versor.
TURNYD VESSEL, or other thynge,
what hyt be (qwat so it be, A.)
Toreuma, CATH.
TURNYNGE A-BOWTE, Versio, giro-
versio.
TURNYNGE AGEYNE. Reversio.
TURNYNGE, fro badde to goode
(fro euyl to goodnes, K.) Con-
versio.
TURNYNGE, fro goode to badde
(fro goodnesse to euylnes, K.)
Perversio.
TURNYNGE, of dyuerse weyys.
Diverticulum, CATH. diversicli-
nium, CATH.
TURNYNGE, or throwynge of treyn
vessel (turnynge of dyuerse
vessel, K. throwynge of treen
vessel, s. A.)2 Tornatura, CATH.
TURNON' a thynge. Verto, verso,
c. F.
TURNON' A-BOWTE(turnyn abowtyn,
K.) Giro.
TURNON A-JEN'. JRevertor, CATH.
TURNON A-WEY. Averto.
TURNON' FORTHE, idem quod
TROLLE,3 supra.
TURNON BAKKE (tuniyn abak, p.)
Dorsiverso.
TURNE, to badnesse. Perverto.
TURNE, to goodenesse. Converto.
TURNON', or throwe treyne vessel
.(trene vessel, s.) Torno, CATH.
et UG. in torqueo.
TURNON' VPSE DOWNE (vpsodoun or
ouerqwelmyn, K. ouerwhelmyn,
H. P.) Everto, (subverto, s.)
TURNON', or quelman (whylmene,
s.)4 Supino.
TURNOWRE. Tornator, CATH. cir-
culatorius, CATH. scutellator.
TURTYLBYRD, or dove (turtyl dowe,
A.). Turtur.
TURVARE. Glebarius.
(TUSMOSE, . of flowrys or othyr
herbys, supra in TYTE TUST.S
Olfactorium.)
TUTOWRE. Tutor.
V TREE (uv tre, K.) Taxus, CATH.
et c. F.
VACACYONE. Vacacio.
VACAVNT, not occupyyd. Vacans.
VACHERYE, or dayrye. Vaccaria,
armentarium, c. F.
VAYLYN', or a-vaylyn'. Valeo,
CATH.
1 " Turn seke, vertiginosus, vertigo est ilia infirmitas." CATH. ANG. "Twyrlsoght, ver-
tigo." Vocab. Roy, MS. De Infirmitatibus.
2 Treen is retained in E. Anglian dialect as an adjective, wooden. See Moor's
Suffolk Words, v. Treen. Compare THROWYN, and THROWYNGE or turnynge of vesselle,
supra, p. 493. It may be observed that before the manufacture and common use of ear-
thenware, cups, mazers, and various turned vessels of wood were much employed, and the
craft of the turner must have been in constant request. Chaucer, in the Reve's Tale,
describing the skill of the Miller of Trumpington in various rural matters, says he could
pipe, and fish, make nets, «' and turnen cuppes, and wrastlen wel and shete."
3 Compare TRYLLYN and TROLLYN, supra, pp. 502, 503.
4 Compare OVYR QWELMYN, supra, p. 374, and WHELMYN, infra.
5 Gouldman gives " a tuttie, nosegay, posie, or tuzziemuzzie; Fasciculus."
508
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
VALE, or dale. Vallis.
VALWE. Valva, vel valve.
VANYTE. Vanitas.
VAPOWRE. Vapor.
VARYAWNCE, or dyuersite. Di-
versitas, varietas.
VARYYN', or dyuersyn'. Vario.
VAMPE, of an hoose (uaumpe, K.)1
Pedana, UG. in pedos, pedula,
c. F. pedules, CATH. et UG.
VAUNTAGE (or avauntage, K.)
Profectus, proventus, CATH. emo-
lumentum, avantagium.
VAUNTON', or a-vaunton' or boos-
ton'.2 Jacto, ostento, CATH.
VBBERYN', or vpberyn'. Supporto.
VBBREYDYN, or vpbreydyn'. Im-
propero, exprobro, convicior (itn-
probo, impero, s.)
VBBLY, brede to sey wythe masse
(or obly, supra.) Nebula, Dice.
adoria.
(VDDYR, of a beeste, idem quod
IDDYR, supra.}
VSE. Usus.
VSE, oftyne tymys, J>at ys callyd
excersyse (uce of excercyse, K.
vseof oftyntyme, s.) Exercidum.
VEYLE. Velum.
VEYYNE, or ydyl. Vanus, inanis.
VEYNELY. Vane, inaniter.
VEYNE, yn a beestys body. Vena,
Jibra, CATH.
VEEL, flesche. Vitulina.
VELYME. Membrana.
VELVET, or velwet. Velvetus.
VENIAWNCE. Vindicta, ulcio.
VENIAWNCERE (veniour or vengere,
K.) Vendicator, ultor, vindex.
VENGYN' (or wrekyn', infra.) Vin-
dico, ulciscor.
VENYME. Venenum, virus, CATH.
VENYMYN', or invenymyn' (veny-
nyn or venymyn, H.) Veneno,
CATH. inveneno.
VENYMOWS. Venenosus, viru-
lentus, CATH.
VENYSONE. Ferina, CATH.
VEERCE (verse, K.) Versus.
VERSYFYYN'. Versificor, c. F. CATH.
VER8iFYOWRE(versyowre, H.) Ver-
sificator.
VERDYTE, Veridicum.
VERGE, yn a wrytys werke. Virgata.
VERIOWCE, sawce. Agresta.
VERELY. Vere, veraciter.
(VEHEMENT, or buschement, supra
in B.3 Cuneus, c. F.)
VERMYLYONE. Minium, c. F. CATH.
et NECC.
VERMYNE. Verminium, vermis.
VERRE, glasse.4 Vitrum.
1 " Pedana, dicitur pedules novus vel de veteri panno factus quo calige veteres assuitur,
Anglice a Wampay. Pedano, to Wampay. Pedula — pedules, pars caligarum que pedem
capit, Wampaye." ORTUS. " Vampey of a hose, Auantjned, Vauntpe of a hose, Vantpie.1"
PALSG. " A vampett, pedana, impedia." CATH. ANG. See the Tale of the Knight and his
Grehounde, Sevyn Sages, v. 843, where, having killed the dog which had saved his child
from an adder, the knight is described as leaving his home demented ; he sat down in
grief, drew off his shoes, — " and karf his vaumpes fot-hot," going forth barefoot into the
wild forest. Here the term designates the feet of the hose or stockings; sometimes it sig-
nifies a patch or mending of foot-coverings, as Vamp does at the present time.
2 VAUNTON, as a-vaunton, MS.
3 Compare WERYYN, or defendyn, infra. A. S. werian, munire.
4 In the Wicliffite version Prov. c. 23, v. 31 is thus rendered, '« Biholde you not wyin
whanne it sparcli>, whanne \>Q colour J>er of schynej> in a ver." In the Awntyrs of Ar-
thure, 444, we read of potations served in silver vessels, " with vernage in verrys and
cowppys sa clene."
PROMPTORIDM PARVULORUM.
509
VESTRYE. Vestiarium, CATH. ves-
tibulum, UG. et BRIT.
VEXACYON, and dysese. Vexacio.
VEXID. Vexatus.
VEXYN', or dysesyn'. Vexo.
VGGELY (vgly, s. vggyll, p.) Hor-
riduSj horribilis.
VGGELY, or vggely wyse. Horri-
biliter.
VGGELYNESSE. Horribilitas.
VGGONE, or haue horrowre (vggyn,
K. H. ugglyn, p.)3 Horreo, ex-
horreo.
VYALETT, or vyolet, herbe. Viola.
VIALET, yn colowre. ViolaceuSj
CATH.
VYCE, rownde grece or steyer (vice,
rounde gre, K.)4 Coclea, CATH.
VERNAGE, wyne.1
VERNYSCHE. Vernicium.
VERNYSCHYN1.2 Vemicio.
VERTE GRECE. Viride Grecum,
flos eris.
VERTESAWCE, or vergesawce (verd
sawce, P.) Viride salsamentum^
KYLW.
VERTU. Virtus.
VERTUOWSE. Virtuosus.
VERVEYNE, herbe. Verbena, vel
vervena, c. F.
VESSELLE. Fas, et plur. vasa.
VESTYARYE. Vestiaria, vel ves-
tiariiim, KYLW.
VESTYARYCE (vestiariere, K. ves-
tyar, p.) Vestiarius.
VESTMENT (or vestymente, s. P.)
Vestimentum.
1 Vernage, Ital. vernaccia, is explained, Acad. della Crusca, to have been an Italian
white wine, as Skinner conjectures from Verona, qu. Veronaccia. See Ducange, v. Ver-
nachia, and Garnachia ; and Roquefort gives vin de Garnache. " Vernage and Crete " are
mentioned as choice wines, Sir Degrevant, lin. 1408; in " Colin Blowbolle's Testament,"
notes to Thornton Romances, edited for Camd. Soc. by Mr. Halliwell, p 301, we find in
an ample catalogue of wines — " Vernuge, Crete, and Raspays.1" In the Forme of Cury,
directions occur to " make a syryp of wyne Greke, ether vernage." " Regi theriacum in
vino vocato le Vernage dederunt.'* Ang. Sac. t. ii. p. 371.
2 See directions for making " Vernysche," about the period when the Promptorium was
compiled, Sloane MSS. 73 f. 125, b. 3548, f. 102. " Bernyx, or Vernyx, is a >ynge y mad
of oyle and lynnesed, and classe, with (which) peyntours colours arn mad to byndyn and
to shynyn." Ar. MS. 42, f. 45, b. The Latin word above may be more correctly read Vernico.
3 Hardyng relates that S1 Ebbe and the nuns in her company cut off their noses and
upper lips, (which was " an hogly sight") for fear of the Danes — " to make their fooes to
hoge (al. houge or vgge) sowith the sight.'* Chron. c. 107. " Uglysome, horryble, execra-
ble.'" PALSG. "To Hug, abhominari, detestari, rigere, execraritfastidere,horrere. Hug-
some, abhominacio , &c. To Vg, alhominari, &c. ut in H. litera. Vgsome, Vgsomnes,"
&C. CATH ANG.
4 " Vyce, a tournyng stayre, Vis. Vyce of a cuppe, Vis. Vyce to putte in a vessel of wyne
to drawe the wyne out at, Chantepleure." PALSG. Chaucer describes how suddenly waking
in the still night, he paced to and fro, " till I a winding staire found — and held the vice
aye in my hond," softly creeping upwards. (Chaucer's Dream). Here Vice seems to
designate the newel, or central shaft of the spiral stair. In the Contract for building
Fotheringhay church, 1435, is this clause, — " In the sayd stepyll shall be a Vyce tour-
nyng, serving till the said body, aisles, and qwere both beneth and abof ;" the " vyce dore"
of the steeple is mentioned in Churchwardens' accounts at Walden, Essex ; and amongst
payments for building Little Saxham Hall, 1506, occur disbursements for a vice of free-
stone, and another of brick, which last is called in the context a " staier." Gage's Suffolk,
pp. 141, 142. In the earlier Wicliffite Version, Ezek. 41, v. 7, is thus rendered—" and
a street was in round, and stiede upward bi a vice (cochleam), and bar in to J>e soler of ]>e
temple by cumpas ; (styinge vpward by the heej toure" later version.) " A vyce, ubi a
turne grece." CATH. ANG. Roquefort gives " Viz. ; escalier tournant en forme de vis."
510
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
VYCE, hood speiynge.1 Spira.
VYCE, synne or defaute. Vicium.
VYCYOWSE. Viciosus.
VYCYOWSNESSE. Viciositas.
VICTORYE. Victoria, trophea,
palma, triumphus.
VYCTOWRE. Victor, triumphator.
VYGOROWSE. Vigorosus, ferox.
VIGOROWSNESSE. Vigorositas, fe-
rocitas.
VYCARYAGE (vikeriage, K.) Vi-
caria.
VYKER. Vicarius.
VYLANYE, or vylonye. Ignominia,
verecundia.
VYOLENS (vilens, K. vylence, s.)
Tnp(ud)ens (impudens, p.)
VYNAGERE (vynagre, K. vynegyr,
P )2 Vinarium.
VYNEGRE (vyne egyr, H. p.) Ace-
tum, vinum acidum, KYLW. vinum
acre.
VYNY, or vyne. Vitis.
VYNY, }>at bryngythe for]?e grete
grapys. Bumasta, CATH. et c. P.
VYNY LEEF. Pampinus, CATH.
abestrum, c. F. et UG. v. in B.
VYNEJERDE. Vinetum, vinea.
VYNTENERE. Vinarius.
VYOLENCE. Violencia.
VYOLENT. Violens, violentus.
VYOLENTLY. Violenter.
VIRGYNE, or maydene. Virgo.
(VYOLET, idem quod VYALETT.)
(VIOLET, coloure, K. H. p. Viola-
ceiu.)
VYRGYNE WEX. Cera virginea.
VYRNE, or sercle (cerkyll, p.)3
Girus, ambitus, circulus.
VYRNYN' A-BOWTE, or closyfi'
(closyn abowtyn, K.) Vallo,
circumvallo.
VYRNYN' A-BOWTE, orgon a-bowte.
Ambio, circumdo, CATH.
VYROLFE, of a knyfe (virol, K. vy-
roll, p.)4 Spirula.
1 Some kind of brooch, a fastening for the hood, seems to be here intended. The capi-
tium, or chevesaille, was closed at the neck with some such ornament, to which, from cer-
tain peculiarities in its fashion, the name spira may have been properly assigned. Chaucer
describes, Rom. of the R. v. 1080, that with a tasseled gold band and enameled knops
" was shet the riche chevesaile " worn by Richesse.
3 Viiiarium, according to Ducange, may signify a vineyard, or a wine-vessel, poculum.
The term which occurs above may, however, designate a vessel for vinegar, Vinaigrier^
Fr. The cruets for wine, or burettes, for the altar, are sometimes called viiiagerice, or vina-
cherice.
3 This term may probably be traced to the French Vironner, to veere, turne about ;
Virer, to wheel about, &c. COTG. From the rotatory movement doubtless certain mediaeval
machines were called Vernes, or Fearnes, as in accounts of works at Westminster Palace,
tf.Edw. I., where, with payments for ropes, &c. mention frequently occurs of " gynes voc'
femes ;" and, in the Compotus of W. de Kellesey, clerk of the works, 1328, many pay-
tnents occur for timber and iron-work, " circa facturam cujusdam Verne sive Ingenii
construct! pro meremio majoris pontis aquatici VV estmonasterii rupti decaso et jacente in
aqua Tamisie ibidem exinde levando et guyndando." Misc. Records of the Queen's
Remembrancer, 2 Edw. III. " Moulinet a brassieres, the barrell of a windlesse or fearne.
Chevre, the engine called by architects, &c. a Fearne." COTG.
4 The ring of metal now termed a ferrule. The Duchess of Brabant gave to her father
Edw. I., as a new year's gift, '' j. par cultellorum magnorum de ibano et eburn' cum
virolP arg' deaur." Lib. Gard. 34 Edw. I. In the St. Alban's Book, sign. h. j. are direc-
tions for making a fishing-rod ; — " Vyrell the staffe at bothe endes with longe hopis of
yren or laten in the clennest wyso, with a pyke in the nether ende, fastnyd wyth a ren-
nynge vyce to take in and oute youre croppe " (i. e. the top joint).
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
511
VYSAGE, or face. Fades,
VYSERE. Larva, c, F.
VYTALERE. Victuarius, KYLW,
VYTALY, or vytayl. Victuale.
VIUAGE, idem quod OMAGE, supra.
(VNBUXUM, supra in STURDY.)
VNCOWTHE. Extraneus, excoticus,
COMM.
VNCOWT(H)LY. Extranee.
VNDERNE (vndyrne, H. vndermele,
p.)1 Submeridianum, subme-
simbria, c. F. in mesimbria.
VNDER, or vndernethe. Subtus,
subter (sw&, p.)
VNDER CLOTHE, of a bedde. Lodix,
CATH.
VNDERSETTYN'.2 SuppOllO.
VNDERSETTYN", or vnderschoryn'.
Fulcio, suffulcio, UG. et CATH.
VNDERSETTYNGE. Fulcimentum.
VNDER DELVYN. Suffodio, CATH.
VNDER DELUYNGE (or grubbynge,
p.) Subfossura, subfossio.
VNDER FONGYN'. Suscipio.
VNDER FONGYNGE. Suscepcio.
VNDERGOYNGE. Submeatus.
VNDERLEYYN', idem quod UNDER-
PUTTYN'.
VNDERLYNGE. Subditus, infimus.
VNDERLOWTON'. Subjicio, subjecto,
CATH.
VNDERMELE.S Postmeridies, post-
mesimbria, merarium, MER.
VNDERMYNDYN, idem quod VNDER-
DELVYN', supra.
VNDER MYNDYNGE, (vndermyn-
ynge,p.) idem quod VNDERDEL-
UYNGE, supra.
VNDERNEME (vndyrnymmyn, K.)
Reprehendo, deprehendo, arguo,
redargue.
VNDERNEMYNGE. Deprehensio, re-
prehensio, redargucio.
(VNDYRNETHYN, K. vndernethe, H.
Subter, subtus.
(VNDER PUTTYN, or berynup, K.
vndyr' settyn, to bere vp a
thyng, H. Su/ulcio, CATH. sup-
pono.}
VNDER PUTTYNGE (vndirput, K.)
Subposicio.
VNDERSETTYNGE, idem quod vx-
DERPUTTYNGE.
VNDERSTONDYN'. Intelligo.
VNDERSTONDYNGE, yn wytte. In-
telligencia, intellectus.
VNDERSTONDYNGE, or wytty. In-
telligens.
VNDERTAKYN', as a borowghe.
Manucapio.
VNDERTAKE, idem quod VNDER-
NEME, (or chalengyn', or snyb-
byn',) supra.
(VNDERTAKYNGE, idem quodsxYB-
BYNGE. Deprehencio.)
VNYCORNE, beest. Unicornis, ri-
noceros, CATH.
VNYDERSYTE. Universitas.
VOYDE. Vacuus.
VOYDE, or vacaunt. Vacans.
VOYDAUNCE (or voydynge, infra.)
Vacacio, evacuacio.
1 Undern, the third hour of the day, Ang.-S. Undern, occurs in Chaucer, Sir Launfal,
Liber Festivalis, &c. Sir John Maundevile says that in Ethiopia, and other hot coun-
tries, " the folk lyggen alle naked in ryveres and wateres from undurne of the day tille it
be passed the noon (a diei hora tertia usque ad nonam).""
2 VNDERFETTYN, MS. as also the verb following. Doubtless errors of the copyist.
3 Chaucer mentions " undermeles and morvveninges," Wife of Bathes T. See Nares,
Coles, &c. " An orendron, meridies; An orendrone mete, nierenda; To ete orendrone
mete, merendinare." CATH. ANG. "Gouler, an aunders meat, or afternoones repast." COTO.
CAMD. SOC. 3 U
512
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
VOYDY, or a-voydyd (voydid, K.
voydyn, s. voyded or auoyded, p.)
Evacuatus.
VOYDYN', or a-woydyfi'. Vacuo,
evacuo.
VOYDYNGE, idem quod VOYDAUNCE.
VOYCE. Vox.
VooK,1 idem quod volatyle, bryddys
or fowlys. Volatile.
(VOLATILE, wyld fowle, K. H. p.
Volatile.)
VOLYME, booke. Volumen.
VOLYPERE, kerche. Teristrum,
CATH. caliendrum, c. F.
VOMYTE, or evomyte, brakynge.
Vomitus, c. F. et CATH.
Vow, or a-vow. Votum.
VOWCHESAF. Dignor.
VOWYN', or make a-vowe. Voveo.
VOWTE, of a howse. Testudo, la-
cunar, CATH. et c. F.
VOWTYD. Arculatus, testudinatus.
VOWTYN', or make a vowte. Arcuo,
testudino.
VPBERERE. Supportator.
VPBERYNGE. Supportacio.
(VPBREYDYN, K. Impropero, con-
vicor, exprobro.)
VPIIOLDERE, pat sellythe smal thyn-
gys.2 Velaber, KYLW. velabra.
VPLONDYSCHE MANN.S Villanvs,
UG. in valeo.
VPWARD. Sursum.
VPSEDOWNE (vp so doim, s.) Ever-
sus, subversus, transversus.
VRCHONE, beest.4 Erinacius, eri-
cius, utraque CATH. et c. F. sine
H. liter a.
VRYNAL (or orynal, supra.} Urinale.
VSAGE, or vse (or osage.) Usus.
VSAGE, or custome. Consuetudo.
VSCHERE. Nostiarius.
VsYiN'. Utor,fruor.
VsYN',in custome (or customyn, K.)
Usito.
VSYN', or hawntyii'. Frequento.
VSYN', yn sacrament receyvynge.
Conanunico, c. F.
1 SicMS. "Vook; vox," in MS. H. and P. after " Voys; vox;" it is not found in MS. K.
Possibly an error by the second hand. VOLATYLE, wyld fowle, altile, occurs immediately
after, in the other MSS. " Mibolis and my volatilis ben slayn." Matt. c. xxn. v. 4. Wicl.
Vers. Piers of Fulham complains of the luxury of his day, when few could put up with
brawn, bacon, and powdered beef, but must fare on " volatile, venyson, and heronsewes."
Hartshorne, Met. Tales, p. 125. See also Coer de Lion, v. 4225.
2 " Vpholstar, frippier."" PALSG. Caxton, in the Booke for Travellers, gives "Vp-
holdsters — vieswariers. — Euerard the vpholster can well stoppe (estoupper) a mantel
hooled, full agayn, carde agayn, skowre agayn a goune and alle old cloth."
3 See, in Stat. 37 Edw. III. c. 3, de victu et vestitu, regulations regarding the price of
poultry, that of a young capon not to be above 3 den., an old capon 4 den. " et que es villes
a marchees de Vpland soient venduz a meindre pris," as agreed between buyer and seller.
" Rude, rustycal, or vplondyssche, rusticus." Whitinton Synon. " Vplandysshe man, pay-
sant; vplandysshene&s, rural-ite" PALSG. Herman says — " Vplandysshe men (agricoli)
lyue more at hartis eese than som of us. The monk stole away in an vplandisshe mans
wede (villatico indulus panno). In as moche as marchaundis is nat lucky with me, I
shall go dwell in Vplande (rus concedam)." See Riley's Gloss. Liber Albus, v. Uplaund.
" An Vrchone, ericiut, erinacius.1" CATH. ANG. " Urchone, herisson. Trchen, a
lytell beest full of prickes, herison." PALSG. In Italian, " Riccio, an vrchin or hedgehog."
FLomo. Horman says that " Yrchyns or hedgehoggis be full of sharpe pryckillys ; Por-
pyns haue longer prykels than yrchyns." According to Sir John Maundevile, in the
Isles of Prester John's dominions "there ben Urchounes als grete as wylde swyn; wee
clepen hem poriz de Spyne ;" p. 352
PROMPTORIUM PARVULOBUM.
513
VSYN', yn offyce. Fungor.
(VSTYLMENT, SUpra 111 HURDYSE.
Utensile.}
VSURERE. Usurarius.
( VSURYE, K. P.) Usura, supra in
OCUR, and GOWLE.
VTTiiEST,and]asteofalle(vttereste,
s. vttirmest, p.) Ultimus, ex-
trejnus, novissimus.
WAD, or wode, for lystarys (lit-
stars, p.)1 Gando.
WADON, or wadyn. Vado.
WADYN' OVYR. Transvado.
WADYNGE, tliorowghe watyr. Va-
dacio.
WAFERARE, .or waferere (wafurrer,
K. wafyrar or wafyrer, s.) Ga-
frarius, gafraria.
WAFUR, or wafyr. Gafra.
WAGE, or hyre (wagere or hyre, P.)
Stipendium, solarium.
WAGYN' , or leyne a waiowre. Vador,
OATH, et UG.
WAGYNGE, or leyynge waiowre.
Vadiacio.
WAGGYN', or mevyn'. Moveo.
WAGGON', or waveron', or stere
be hyt selfe as a thynge
hangynge (steryn be ]>e self as
thynggys J^athangyn, s.) Vacillo.
WAGGYNGE, or waueryiige. Va-
cillacio.
WAGSTERT, byrd. Teda, vel toda, UG.
WAYMENTYN', or waylyn'.2 La-
mentor,gemo, ejulor, c. Y.plango.
WAYMENTYNGE, or waylynge. La-
mentacio, planctus, ejulatus.
WAYNE, carte. Plaustmm, reda,
c. F. birota, c. F.
WAYNE, of a garlement (wayyn,
K. H. of a garment, p.)3 Laci-
nia, CATH.
WAYOWRE. Vadium, vadimonium.
WAYOWRE, stondynge watyr (wa-
yowr' or wayjowr', water', p.)4
Piscina, CATH.
WAYTE.S Speculator (exploratory^)
WAYTE, a spye. Explorator.
WAYTE, waker. Vigil.
WAYTYN', or a-spyyn' (waytyn
after, p.)6 Observo, CATH.
WAYTYN', or done harme (waytyn
to harme, K. to harmyn, p.) In-
sidior.
WAYTYNGE, or a-spyynge wythe
euyl menynge. Observacio, CATH .
(WAYTYNGE, or a-spyynge, s. Ex-
ploracio.}
WAYTYNGE to don harme (to don
grame, s.) Insidie.
WAKER, or he that wakythe. Vi-
gilator.
1 See also WELDE, or wolde, infra, Sandix, which is rendered in the Ortus, " madyr or
wode." Palsgrave gives " Wode to die with, Guedde." A. Sax. Wad, glastum.
2 Compare Fr. "Guementer, gemir; Weimentauntz, eplore." ROQUEF. See Sir F. Mad-
den's Glossary, Syr Gawayn. " I wement, I make mone, Je me guennente ; It dyd my hert
yll to here the poore boye wement whan his mother was gone. Weymentyng, Granite."
PALSG. " Latnentor, to wayment." MED.
3 — or a garlement, MS.' and likewise in MS. S. The reading in Pynson's printed
text appears preferable. Compare GARMENTS, siipra, p. 187. " Lacinia, ora sive extre-
mitas vestimenti," &c. CATH. Compare TRAYLH, or trayne, supra, p. 499. " Lacinia,
a hemme, ora vestis." ORTUS. Fr. guenelle ; banderolle.
4 " Wayre, where water is ho\de,GorC' PALSG. In Suffolk,WTaver, a pond. Lat. Vivarium.
5 Compare SPY, or watare, supra, p. 469.
6 See also KEKYYN, or priuely waytyn, supra, p. 269.
5H
PIIOMPTOIUUM PARVULORUM.
WAKARE, gretely be nyghte. Per-
nox.
WAKYN', and nowt slepyii'. Vigilo.
WAKYN', and rysyiT or secyn' fro
slepe (wakyn owt of slep, K.)
Expergiscor, CATH. devigilo, evi-
gilo, CATH.
WAKYN', or rcryii', or revyn of
slepe (wakyn or reysyn, &c.
K. s. reuyn oute of slepe, p. I
Excito, expergefacio.
WAKYNGE, or wetche (wach, s.)
Vigilia, vel vigilie.
WAKYNGE, wythe-owte slepe Vi-
gilacio, CATH.
WAKYR. PervigiL
WAL. MuruSy maceries, macera-
ria, c. F. (maceria, s.)
WAL, wowe (wal or wowe. K. p.
welk, s.) Paries.
WALLARE. Murator, machio, c. F.
WALLARE, ]mt werkythe wythe
stone and morter. Cementarius.
WALE, of a schyppe. Ratis, CATH.
WALE, or strype after scornynge,2
idem quod STRYPE, supra.
W ALETTE, seek, or poke. Sis-
tarcia^vel sistercia, CATH etc. F.
sarciuncula, c. F. bisaccia, c. F.
gardianum; et istud habetur se~
cundum extraneos alterius terre.
WALLYS, of a towne. Menia.
WALKYNE (or welkyne, infra) or
the fyrmament. Firmamentum.
WALKYN', or gone (goon, s.) Am-
buloj io, spacior, gradior, incedo.
WALKYNGE ABOWTE, or goynge.
Deambulacio, spaciatus.
WALKYNGE PLACE. Deambula-
torium, COMM. (peribolus, p.)
WALLYN', or make walle. Muro.
WALMYNGE, of the stoniake (or
wamelynge, infra; wamlyng, H.
wamlinge, p.)3 Nausia.
WALNOTE. Avelana; hoc dicit
communis scola, contrarium ta-
men c. F. et CATH. dicunt^ cum
avelana secundum eos sit nux
parva.
WALOPPON, as horse. Volopto*
WALOPPYNGE, of horse. Volop-
tacio.
WALTRYNGE, or welwynge (wal-
teringe or walowynge, p.)5 Vo-
lutacio.
WALWORTE, herbe. Ebulus.
1 Compare REYSYN VP fro slepe, supra, p. 428.
2 Probably for scorynge. Compare SCOWRYN wythe a baleys, swpra, p. 450; and
STRYPE, or schorynge wythe a baleys, p. 480. The reading of MS. s. is stonyng (? an
error by the copyist for scoryng.) " Wall of a strype, Enfleure.'"1 PALSG.
3 " Nauseo, evomere, et proprie in navi ad vomitum provocari, et voluntatem voihendi
habere sine affectu ; to wamble." ORTUS. " Allecter, to wamble asaqueasie stomacke
dothe." COTG. In Trevisa's version of Barth. de Propriet. it is said of mint, — " it abateth
with vynegree parbrakinge, and castinge, that comethe of febelnesse of the vertue retentyf ;
it taketh away abhominacion of wamblyng and abatethe the yexeing."
4 To Wallop, according to Forby, signifies in Norfolk to move fast with effort and agita-
tion, as the gallop of a cow or carthorse. Compare Jamieson. " But Blanchardyn with
a glad chere waloped his courser as bruyantly as as he coude thurghe the thykkest of all
the folke, lepyng here and there as hors and man had fowghten in the thayer." Blan-
chardyn and Eglantyne, Caxton, ]485. Cotgrave gives the phrase " Bouiller une onde, to
boyle a while or but for one bubble, or a wallop or two."
5 Compare WELWYNGE, infra. " Walterynge as a shyppe dothe at the anker, or one yl
tourneth from syde to syde, En voultrant."" PALSG. adverbially. See Forby, v. Walter, or
Wolter, to roll and twist about on the ground, as corn laid by the wind, &c. or as one
rolled in the mire.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
515
WALHWE SWETE, supra in BYTTER
SWETE, (walow swete, s.)
WAMCLOWTE, trype, supra in
TRYPE.
WAMELON', yn the stomake (wam-
lyn, p.) Naus(e)o, UG. v.
WAMELYNGE, of J>e stomake, idem
quod WALMYNGE, supra.
WANNE, of coloure, or bleyke.
Pallidus.
WANBELEUARE. Perfidus, perfida.
WANBELEUE, or wanbeleuenesse
(wanbeleuynge, K. p. wambeleve,
s.) Perfidia, diffidencia.
WANBODE, he |>at byddyth lytylle
for a thynge (wambode, s. he
that bedyt nowt to ]>e worthe, K.
]>at bydyt nowt to wurth or valv,
H. wan bode, P.) Invalidus, lici-
tator, CATH.
WANDE, or wonde. Virga.
WANDERARE. Vagus, vaga, vaca-
bundus, profugus.
WANDERYN A-BOWTE (wandryn a-
bowtyn, K.) Vagor,girovagor, C.F.
WANDERYNGE. Vagacio.
WANE, or wantynge. Absens,
WANGE TOOTHE. Molaris.
WANHOPYN1.1 Despero, diffido.
K. wasyng or wanj-
yng, H. wansynge or wasinge, p.
Decrescencia.)
WANTYNGE. Carencia.
WANSCHON', idem quod WANSON'
(wanshon, idem quod wanson',
8.)
WANTON', or lakkyii'. Careo,
CATH.
WANSOI?' (wanjyn, K. wansyn, p.)
Evaneo, CATH. evanesco.
WANSON', or wanyn', as fe mone.
Decresco.
WANTOWE (wantown, H. wantynge,
s. wanton, p.)2 Insolens, dis-
solutus. ,
WANTOWHEDE, or wantownesse
(wantownhede, K. H. s. wanton-
hede, P. or wyyldnesse, infra.)
Insolencia, dissolucio.
WAPPON',S or hyllyn' wythe clothys
or o]>er lyke. Tego, contego.
WAPPYN', or wyndyn' a-bowte yii
clothys. Involve.
WAPPYN', or baffyn' as howndys
(or snokyn, K. p. supra.) Nicto,
CATH.
WAPPON', or berkyn', idem quod
BERKYN, supra.*
WAPPYNGE, happynge or hyllynge
1 Compare Med. Gr. Harl. MS. 2257, — "Despero, a spe cessare, to wanhope." Pals-
grave gives — " Wanhope, desespoir." Herman says in the Vulgaria^ — " Thou shalt put
them out of wanhope," (error); and, in the version of Vegetius (Roy. MS. ISA. XII.)
amongst sleights of war, it is said — " They >l besege cities they wldrawe hem a-wey fro
the sege as thoughe they were in despeire or wanhope of \>e wynnyng." The word occurs
likewise, Sir J. Maundevile, p. 346, and in Piers PL passim.
2 Compare WAX WANTON, infra, where the reading of MS. K. is wantowe.
3 A marginal note in the copy of Pynson's edition in Mus. Brit, here supplies —wrapping.
Compare WYNDYN' yn clothys, idem qiiod wrappon, infra; and also LAPPYN, or whappyn
yn clohys, supra, p. 287. Forby gives to " Hap, to cover or wrap up. — Wap, to wrap.
Sui-Gr. wipa, involve™." Vocab. of E. Angl. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 8b. it is said that
" for be frenesy is a my3ty rnedycyii— yf >u take a whelpe and splat hym as ho opene> a
SWyn — and al hot wap be hed beryn ;" and, f. 41, a poultice of houseleek and Hour " wapped
and hiled wel with grene levys," is given as a remedy for gout.
4 Compare Forby, v. Wappet, a yelping cur; and Yap. Dr. Cains gives t; Wappe," in
the same sense. De Canibus Brit. •
516
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(lappynge, s. lappinge, P.) Co*
opertura,coopericio(involucio,¥.}
WAPPYNGE, of howndys, whan bey
folow here pray or that they
wolde harme to (or )>* fey wold
havyn do, s.) Nicticio, niccio,
CATH. in nicto.
WAPPYNGE (of howndys, K.) or
berkynge. Bajulatus, latratus.
WAR, or a-war (aware, K. p.)
Cautus, CATH. precavens.
WARANT. Protector, defensor.
WARANTYSE. Warantizacio.
WARBOTE, wyrme.1 Emtgran(e)us,
boa, UG. v. (omigramus, P.)
WARBRACE,orbracere.2 Brachiale
(dextrale, P.)
WARDE, of herytage. Warda.
WARDE, of a lokke. Tricatura,
KYLW. et COMM.
WARD, of kepynge (ward or
kepynge, s.) Custodia, conser-
vacio (observacio, p.)
WARDE CORCE, clothe (wardecose,
K. ward corscloth, s. wardcorce,
H.)3 Tunica, tunicella.
WARDEYNE. Gardianus.
WARDER, staffe (or tronchon, su-
pra). Bacillus, c. F. perticulus,
CATH, porticulus.
WARDE ROPE, of clothys. Vesti-
aria, zaberna vel zabanta, UG.
in saberna.
WARDEROPERE. Vestiarius, za-
bernarius.
WARDONE, peere. Volemum, CATH.
WARDONE tree. Volemus, CATH.
WARE, or chaffare. Mercimonium,
nota supra in CHAFFARE.
WARRE, or knobbe of a tre (knotte
of a tre, K.)4 Vertex, CATH.
WAREYNE. Warina.
WARYARE, or bannare. Impreca-
tor, -trix, anathematizator, male-
dicus, CATH. vel maledica.
WARYN', in chaffare (waryn or
chaffarynge, K. p.) Mercor.
WARON, or bestowyn' (in byynge,
K. p.) Commuto, comparo, CATH.
WARYYN', or cursyn'. Imprecor,
maledico, execror.
WARYYNGE.S Malediccio, impre-
cacio (anathematizacio, P.)
WARYSONE.6 Donativum,possessio.
1 " Emigraneus vermis, the mygryne or the heed worme " ORTUS. Compare in Lat. Eng.
Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. — "Bibo, exbane or warbodylle." In Norfolk swellings on
the hides of cattle caused by maggots are called Warbles or Warblets. FORBY. " Warbot,
a worme, escarbot." PALSG.
2 " Wambrache or wambrase, Irachialia." Vocab. Roy. MS. 170. XVII. "Dextrale, a
braser or a wardebrace." MED. GR. " Dextrale, ornamentum brachiale commune viris et
nmlieribus (a bracell.) Dextralicium , i. dextrale (a bracer.)" ORTUS. " A brasure, braciale
vel brachiale." CATH. ANG.
3 The precise fashion of this garment may be uncertain ; the name is doubtless derived
from Fr. Garde-corps, which was, according to Roquefort, " habillement qui couvroit la
poitrine." "A ward corse, reno.'" CATH. ANG.
4 " Warre or knobbe, iieu." PALSG. " JVceud, a knot, &c. — a knurre, or knurle, in
trees." COTG.
5 " Devoveo , to vowe, to wary or to coursse. Alhominor, to wlate, lothe, hate and warye.
Aversor, to curse or warye." MED. " Warryeng, cursyng, malediction. I warrye, I banne
or curse, Je mauldis. This is a farre northren terme." PALSG. Aug. Sax. Wirian, wir-
gian, maledicere. The word is used in Lancashire.
e Compare ENDWYN, and yeve'warysone, Doto, supra, p. 261, and LYFLODE, or wary-
sone, p. 308. •
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
517
WARELY, or slyly. Caute.
(WARLARE, or blaffoorde, supra.1
Traulus.}
WARLOK, herbe.2 Eruca.
WARLOK, a fetyr lok (waiioc of
feterloc, p.) Sera pedicalis, vel
compedicalis (compedalis, s. p.)
WARME. Calidus, fervidus.
WARMON'. Calefacio.
WARMYNGE. Calefactio.
WARNERE. Warinarius.
(WARNYNGE, K. Preminucio.)3
WARNON'. Moneo, commoneo (pre-
moneo, admoneo, P.)
WARP, threde for webbynge. Sta-
men, licium, CATH. (licerium, p.)
(WARPYD, or auylonge, s. supra
in A.)
WARPYN', or make wronge.
Curvo.
(WARPYN, or waxy n wronge, K. H. p.
Incurvo.)
WARPYN', or wex wronge or ave-
longe, as vesselle. Oblongo.
WARPON', as webstarys. Stamino,
licio, UG.
W A RP YNGE , of webstarys werky nge .
Staminacio.
WARPYNGE (or waxynge wronge,
K.) of vessel fat wax wronge
or avelonge (warpyng or waxynge
wronge, K.) Oblongacio.
WARPYNGE, of the see or oj>er
water. Alluvium, UG.
WARSCHYN', or recuryn of seke-
nesse.4 Convalesce, convaleo.
WARYSCHYNGE, of sekenesse. Con-
valescencia.
WASCHE, watur or forde (forth, s.)5
Vadum.
WASCHE clothys, or ofer thyngys.
Lavo, abluo.
WASCHYNGE. Locio (ablutio, p.)
WASCHYNGE BETYL, or batyldore.
Feritorium, Dice, et KYLW.
WASCHYNGE VESSEL. Luter, CATH.
WASPE. Vespa, scrabo, CATH.
WASPYSNEST. Vesparium, CATH.
et UG. in vir.
WASTE, of a mannys myddyl (wast
of the medyl, K. p.)6 Vastitas,
CATH.
WAST, or wastynge. Dispendium,
consumpcio, vastacio, vastum,
prodigalitas, KYLW.
WASTEL, breede. Libdlus.
WASTYD. Vastatus, consumptus,
devastatus.
1 Compare also DROTARE, traulus, supra, p. 133.
2 — herbere, MS. a false reading which appears to be corrected by that of MSS. K. s.
and by Pynson's text — Warlok, herbe. Compare MUSTARD, or warlok, or se(n)vyne, herbe,
supra, p. 349.
3 Sic, doubtless for premonicio.
4 In the version of Macer on the Virtues of herbs, it is said that by the juice of " hony-
souke *' sodden with salt, a woman "is warisshed of a noious bolnynge." The word
occurs in Chaucer, Tale of Melib. Sevyn Sages, v. 1097, &c. "I warysshe, I recover my
helth after a sycknesse or daunger (Lydgat) Je me garis. This terme is nowe lytel used
thoughe Lydgate hath it often." PALSG. " To warish, vide deliver." GOULDM.
5 The Friar Galfridus of Lynn, by whom this Dictionary is believed to have been com-
piled, was familiar with the great adjacent inlet of the German Ocean, the Wash, into
which the fenland rivers discharge themselves, bringing down an abundant alluvial depo-
sit, which, by the process termed warping (occurring above) may ultimately produce a
vast extent of land available for cultivation. In Suffolk a brook without a bridge is called
a Wash. Palsgrave gives " Wasshe of water, marre" Compare FOORDE, vadum, supra.
6 Compare MYDDYL, of J>e waste of mannys body, supra, p. 337.
518
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
WASTYNGE, or emptyschynge l
(emtysynge, s. eneyntysshynge,
p.) Exinanicio.
WAASTON'. Vasto, consumo (dis-
sipo, P.)
WASTOWRE. Prodigus, vastator.
WASTOWRE, of a place. Dilapi-
dator.
WATERE, or Watte, propyr name
(Wateere, or Water, proper
name of a man, s.) Walterus.
WATYR, element or lycnre. Aqua,
unda, limpha, numpha, latex.
WATYR BERARE. Aquarius, aqua-
ria.
WATYR CRESSE. Nasturtium
aquaticum.
WATER DRYNKARE. Aquebibus,
CATH. aquebiba.
WATERFOROWE, in londe (water
foore, H. P. fore, s.) Elicus,
C. F. SUICUS, UG. V.
WATYR LECHE, wyrme. Sanguis-
suga.
WATYR LYLY. Nunfar (ninifar, P.)
WATER LESU.2 Aquagium, c. F.
WATERPOTT. Idria.
WATER SOGGON'. Aquosus.
WATER WEY. Meatus.
WATRY, or fulle of water. Aquo-
sus, aquilentus.
WATRY, or fulle of moysture. Hu-
midus.
WATRYNGE, of herbys and ofer
thyngys. Irrigacio.
WATRYNGE, or 3evynge drynke to
beestys. Adaquacio.
WATRYNGE PLACE, where beestys
byn wateryd (ben wattryd, K.
arne, s. are watteryd, P.) Ada-
quarium (piscina, P.)
WATRON',, bestys. Adaquo.
WATRON', herbys(or other lyke, P.)
Irrigo, rigo, humecto.
WAWE, of the see or other water.
Flust?*um, CATH. fluctus, c. F.
unda, venilia, CATH.
WAVERYNGE. Vacillacio, mu-
tacio.
WAUERON'. Vacillo.
WAUERON', yn hert for vnstabyl-
nesse (yn hert or yn stabylnes,
s.) Muto (nuto, K.)
WAUERON', or mevyn' or steryn.
Agito.
WAWYN', or waueryn, yn a myry
totyr.3 Oscillo, UG. v.
WAX. Cera.
WAXYN', or growyii'. Cresco,
accresco (excresco, p.)
WAXYN,' (or anoyntyn, K. H. p.)
wythe waxe. Cero.
WAX COLDE. Frigesco.
WAX CLERE. Claresco, sereno.
WAX ELD, or olde (holde, K. wolde,
s.) Seneo, senesco.
WAX DUL. Ebeo.
WAX FEBYL, or wery. Fatesc.o.
WAX FATTE. Pinguesco.
WAX GRENE. Viresco.
WAX LEENE. Marcesco (ma-
cresco, maces co, P.)
WAX MERE. Mitesco.
WAX RYPE. Maturesco.
1 Sic, MS. Compare ANYYNTYSCHYN, or enyntyschyn, exinanio, supra, p. 12, and
ENYYNTYSCHEN, or wastyii, supra, p. 140.
2 Aquagium, according to the Ortus, " dicitur aqueductus, s. canalis in quo ducitur
aqua, a condyth." Here above, probably, the term signifies a watered pasture or meadow,
a leese, Ang. S. laesuw, pascuum.
3 See MYRY TOTTYR, chylderys game, supra, p. 338, and TOTYR, p. 498. To wawe
occurs in the more general sense of shaking, wagging, &c. as in Kyng Alis. v. 1164, we read
that it was right merry in hall " when the burdes wawen alle."
PIIOMPTORIUM PARVULOKUM.
519
WAXE SEKE. JEgrotasco,infirmesco
(infirmor, egroto, P.)
WAX SOWRE. Acesco.
WAX WANTON' (waxyn wantowe, K.
waxyn wantowne, p.) Insolesco.
WAX WEYKE. Insolesco.
WAX WERY. Fatesco.
WAX WYLDE. Silvesco.
WAX WODE. Insanesco.
WAX JUNGE (waxyn yonge, p.)
Juvenesco.
WAXYNGE, wythe wax. Ceracio.
WAXYNGE, or growynge. Cres-
cencia.
WEBBE. Tela.
WEBBARE, or make(r) of wollyn
clothe. Lanifex, CATH. lanifica,
telaria, CATH.
WEBBARE, of lynnyne clothe.
Linifex, UG. in lento.
WEBBON', clothe of wulle. Lani-
fico, CATH.
WEBBON', or webbe clothe of lyn-
nyne. Linifico, UG. in linio.
WEBBYNGE, of wullyne clothe. La-
niftcium, telaria, CATH. (lanifi-
catio, P.)
WEBBYNGE, of lynnyne. Linifi-
cium.
WEBSTAR (or weware, infra.) Tex-
tor, textrix.
WEBSTARYS LOME. Telarium.
WEBSTARYS WEVYNGE HOWSE.
Textrinum.
WEDDE, or thynge leyyd yn
plegge.1 Vadium, pignus, vadi-
monium, c. F. caucio, c. F.
(WED, take be strengthe and vyo-
lence, supra in STRESSE.)
WED, fro noyows wedys (wede as
a man wedyth corne, P.) Run-
catus.
WEED, or wyyld herbe. Aborigo,
c. F. et UG. in orior, herba sil-
vestris, vel herba nociva.
WEDARE. Runco, CATH. et UG.
WEDE, clothynge. Indumentum,
vestimentum.
WEDE, corne or herbys. Bunco,
CATH. et UG. sarculo, c. F.
WEDDYD. Nuptus, gamus, C.F. et UG.
WEDDYD, to on and no moo. Mo-
nogamus, mono, gama.
WEDDYD, to tweyne. Bigamus.
WEDDYD, to three. Trigamus.
WEDDYD, to fowre. Qaadrigamus.
WEDDYD, to fyve. Pentagamus.
WEDDYD, to sexe. Sexagamus,
UG. et CATH.
WEDDYNGE. Runctacio, runctura.
WEDYNGE HOOKE. Runco, CATH*
C.F. et COMM. sarculum, sarculus,
CATH.
WEDDYNGE. Nupcie, connubium,
conjugium (desponsatio, p.)
WEDDYNGE, to oone and no moo.
Monogamia.
WEDDYNGE, to tweyne, &c.2
WEDDYNGE (howus, K. hous, p.)
idem quod BRYDALE HOWSE,
supra.
WEDDON. Nubo.
WEDERYN, or leyn or hangyn yn
the wedyr. Auro>
WEDERYNGE, of ]>e eyre. Tempe-
ries.
WEDYR, scheep. Aries, berbicus,
CATH. bervex, CATH.
1 Compare PLEGGE, as a wedde, supra, p. 404. Sir John Maundevile says that the
king of France bought the crown of thorns, spear, and one of the nails used at the Cruci-
fixion, from the Jews, " to whom the Emperour had leyde hem to wedde for a gret surnme
of sylvre." " Wedge, a pledge, gaiye, pleige." PALSG. Ang.-S. wed, piynus.
2 Here follow, as before, up to six.
CAMD. SOC. 3 X
520
FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
WEDYR, of the cyyr (ayer, r.)
Aura, (tempus, r.)
(WEDYR, idem quod storm, supra.
Nimbus, c. F. procclla, altanus,
C.F.)
WEDYRCOKKE. Ventilogium, et
idem quod FANE.
WEDLOK. Matrimonium.
WEDSET. Inpignoratus.
(WED SETTON, s. wed settyn, p.
Impignoro.}
WEDSETTYNGE. Impignoracio.
WEEF, or summe what semynge to "
badnesse. Indlnacio ad malum.
(WEFFE, K.1 Vapor.}
WEDGE, to cleve woode (or clyte,
supra, wedge or wegge, p.)2 Cu-
neus, CATH. et c. F. et UG.
WEDGE, wythe a wedge. Cuneo.
WETCHE, or wakynge (wehche,
K.) Vigilia, vel in plur. vigilie.
WETCHE, for enmees. Excubie, c. F.
WETCHEMAN. Vigil, UG.
WECCHE, of a clokke.
WECCHON, idem quod WAKYN', su-
pra, (wehchyn, K.)
WEYBREDE, herbe (weybred or
planteyn, P.) Plantago.
WEYD, or wowon (wawyn, s.)
Ponderatus, libratus.
WEY. Via, Her.
WEY, of a strete. Strata, platea.
WEY, vndyr ]?e erthe. Tracon,
cunus, UG. traten, catheracta,
K.)»
WEYFARERE. Viator, viatrix.
WEYKE. Debilis, imbecillis.
WEYKE, or lethy. Lentus, c. F.
WEYKE of hert, or hertles. Vecors,
pusillanimus, pusillanimis.
WEYKE, of a candel. Lichinius,CATH.
WEYKE, of alampe. Ticendulum,c.v.
WEYKENESSE, of hert. Vecordia,
pusillanimitas.
WEYKENESSE, of strengh'te. De-
bilitas.
WEYLYN', or gretely sorowyn'.
Lamentor, lugeo, ejulo, c. F.
WEYLYNGE, or sorowynge. Ge-
mitus, luctus, ejulatus, lamen-
tacio.
WEYMENTON, idem quod VEYLYN'.
WEYMENTYNGE, idem quod WEY-
LYNGE.
WTEYYN'. wythe wygh'tys (weightes,
p.) Pondero, libro, trutino.
WEYYNGE, wythe whytys (whytys,
K. wytys, s. weyghtys, p.) Pon-
deracio, libracio.
WEEL. JBene.
WELDE, or wolde, herbe (or wad,
supra.} Gandix, attriplex, c. F.
WELDON', or gouernon (weldon
or rewlyn, K. rulyn, p.) Guberno,
rego.
WELLE. Fons.
WELLE CRANK. Tollinum, CATH.
WELLE, metel. Fundo.
WELLE, mylke or o]?er lycure.
Coagulo.
(WELLARE of salt, or saltare, su-
pra. Salinator, CATH.)
WELLYD, as metel. Fusus (con-
flatilis, P.)
WELLYD, as mylke. Coagulatus,
concoctus (inspissatus, P.)
" Weffe, tast, youst."" PALSG. Forby gives the Norfolk phrase " neither whiff nor
whaff," applied to flavourless food, &c. " I can nat awayc with this ale, it hath a weffe, die
est de inauluays (joust." PALSG.
2 CLYTE, or clote, or vegge, supra, p. 81, occurs out of its alphabetical place.
3 In MS. K. is here added—" Est Catheracta via sub humo, celi fenestra." The Ortus
gives " Traco, id est meatus vel via sub terra ubi aqua habet cursum."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
521
WELLYNGE, of metel. Fusio (con-
flatio, P.)
WELLYNGE, of mylke and o]>er
lycure. Coagulado, decoccio.
WELLYNGE, or boylynge vp as
water fro ]>e erthe or sprynge.
Scaturicio.
WELLYNGE, or boylynge of play-
ynge potty s * (as plawynge
pottis, K. as sethynge pottys,
w.) Ebullicio, bullicio.
WELKYD, or walkyii'. Marcidus,
c. F.
WELKYN', or seryn'.2 Marceo,
emarcesco, marcesco (emarce'o, K.)
WELKYNGE. Marcor, CATH.
WELE SPEDYN', idem quod spedyn
wele, supra. Prospero.
WELTE, of a sclioo. Incucium,
vel intercucium, Dice, et KYLW.
WEL TETCHYD, or inqveryd,3 (well
condiciond or maneryd, K. H.
welle techyd or inqweryd, s.)
Morosus, vel bene morigeratus.
WELTHE, or welfare. Prosperitas,
felicitas.
WELTRYN', or welwyn' (welkyn,
K. walteryn or walowen, p.)4
Voluto.
WELE WYLLYNGE, or of god wylle
(welwyllyd, K.) Benevolus.
WELWYN°, or roily n' al thyngys
J?at may not be borne (welwyn
or rollyn ]>at nowt wil be borne,
K. welowyn, p.)5 Volvo.
WELWYNGE (or waltrynge, supra,
welowynge, P.) Valutacio.
WEMME, or spotte.6 Macula,
lobes.
WENCHE. Assecla, abra, ancilla,
numphula, c. F. (nimphula, s.)
WENDYN', or goyfi' (wendyn awey
or gone, K.) Abio, UG. et c F.
WENDE, fro boom yn-to ferre
1 Compare PLAWYN', as pottys, plawyn ovyr, &c. supra, p. 403.
2 Compare SEERYN, or dryyn, Areo; supra, p. 453. In Harl. MS. 219, f. 148, b., we
find — " Flenir, to welke," and f. 149, b., " equivoca,flinr, to vvelke and to fade ; fleint,
welkith and fadith." In Norfolk to welk has the like signification, according to Forby.
3 See TETCH'E, or maner of condycyone, supra, p. 487.
4 " I waiter, I tumble. Je me voystre. Hye you, your horse is walterynge yonder, he
wyll breake his saddell but more happe be. — I welter. Je verse. Thou welterest in the
myer, as thou wert a sowe." PALSG. In the Mayster of Game it is said of the Hart,
" and whan j?ei bene about to burnysshe hem" (their horns) " >ei smyten }>e grounds wi|?
be fete and waltrene hem as an horse." Cott. MS. Vesp. B. xn.
5 Chaucer relates how the carpenter fancied he might see " Noes flood comen walwing
as the see ;'* Miller's Tale ; and again, Reve's Tale, — "• They walwe as don two pigges in
a poke." So in the Wicliffite Version we read of Our Lord's burial, — " and leyde hym
in a sepulcre that was hewen of a stoon, and walewide a stoon to the dore of the
sepulcre." Mark xv. 46. " The Hyrchon whan he fyndeth apples beten or blovven down
of a tree he waloweth on them tyl he be chargid and laden with the fruyt stykyng on his
pryckes." Caxton, Mirrour of the World, pt. 2, c. 15. " I wallowe, I tourne to and fro.
Je me voystre. What wylte thou gyue me, and I wyll walowe from this hyll toppe down
to the grounde." PALSG.
6 Wem, in the dialect of Norfolk, signifies, according to Forby, a small fretted place in
a garment. Compare, in the Wicliffite Version, Song of Solomon in. 7, " My frendesse,
thou art al faire, and no wem is in thee :" and James I. 27, " A clene religioun and
vnwemmed." Chaucer writes of the " Virgine wemmeles ;'' and Horman says — " Our
Lady bare a chylde without any spotte or wem of her virginity (virgiiiitatis noxam). —
The auter clothis— shulde be very clene, nat pollute with spotte or wemme." Ang.-Sax.
Wem, macula.
522
PROMPTORIUM PAKVULOKUM.
cuntre. Prqficiscor, migro, trans-
migro.
WENDYN', ovyr a water. Meo.
WENE chylder fro sokynge. Ab-
lacto, elacto.
WENYN', or supposyn. Estimo,
puto, suppono (reor suspicor, P.)
WENNE. Veruca, c. F. et OATH.
gibbus.
WENGE, of a fowle or bryde. Ala.
WEN YD, as chylder fro sokynge.
Ablactatus.
WENYNGE, fro sokynge. Ablactacio.
WENYNGE, or supposynge. Sup-
posicio, estimacio.
WEPYN', or gretyii'. Ploro, fleo,
lacrimor.
WEPYNGE. Ploratus, fletus.
WEPNE, to fence or fy3hte wythe
(wepyn to fensyn or fytyn wyth,
s.) Armamentum.
WERCE.Pe/or, deterior; nominaliter.
WERCE. Pejus, deterius; adv.
WERLDE,* or worlde (werde, K. s. p.)
Mundus, seculum, orbis.
WORDELY (werdly, K. H. s. p.)
Mundanus, mundialis, secularis.
WERDELY, or wordelywyse (werdly
or on wordly wyse, s.) Mun-
dane, mundialiter, seculariter.
WERDLYNESSE. Mundialitas.
WERRE. Guerra (bellum, P.)
WERRE, idem quod BATAYL, supra.
WERY. Lassus, fessus, fatigatus.
WERYNESSE. Lassitudo, fatiga-
cio, fastigium, c. F.
WERYD, or teryd, or torvon' (torn,
s. weryd, or wome or torne, P.)
Attritus, vetustus, inveteratus.
WERYYN', idem quod DEFEND YN,
supra* (weryn or defenden, P.)
WERYN', or vsoiT, as clothys and
other thyngys (or teryn, suprci}.
Vetero, sicut, — veteravi capam
meam, I haue weryd my cope,
CATH. invetero.
WERYN' or wax olde and febyl [by]
vse (weryn or teryn or make febyl
as clothis or other like, K. weryn
or teryn, and wex full feble as
clothes or other lyke, P.) Vete-
rasco, vetero, invetero.
WERYYN', or make wery, or
terwyn'. Fatigo, lasso.
WERRYN', or fyghteyn.' Bello.
WERK. Opus.
WERKDAY. Feria.
WERKEHOWSE. Artificina, opifi-
cium, c. F. et CATH.
WE RKE, wythe instrument. Operor.
WERKYN', or heed akyii'.3 Doleo,
1 Although written WERLDE, it would appear by its place in alphabetical arrangement
that this was written WERDE by the first hand, as in other MSS. So in the Paston Letters,
passim; for instance, vol. iii. p. 350, in allusion to troublous times of Henry VI., " Feyth !
here is a coysy werd." In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. xn., we read that *' it
happethe ofte to somme of ther wordi dedes to be chosen to dignities."
a In P. Ploughm. Crede, v. 866, the ploughman's wife is described as following him —
" wrapped in a wynwe shete to weren hire fro wederes." In the curious description of
armour in the Romance of Clariodes, some are said to prefer target and spear, some a
strong targe, " and some a pavede his body for to were." See also Havelok, R. Brunne,
&c. A. -Sax. werian, munire.
3 Forby, Vocab. of E. Anglia, gives " Work, to ache, to throb. In violent head-ache
the head ' works like a clock.' A.-S. haefod-wajrc, cepJialalgia" " Cephalia est humor
capitis, Anglice the hedde warke (al. ed. the heed ache)." ORTUS. " Doleo, to sorowe, to
warche; Dolor, sorowe, or ache." MED. " J?e Hedewarke, Cephalia, cephalargia ."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
523
WERKYN', and akyn' as a soore
lymme. Doleo, indoleo.
WERKYNGE, or dede of werke.
OperactO) factio.
WERKYNGE, or heede ake. Ce-
phalia, c. F.
WERKMANNE. Artifex, operarius,
opifex.
WERKEMANNE, pat cann werke
wythe bothe handy s a-lyke. Am-
bidexter, TJG. in do.
WHERWANDE (werwande, s.) Tur-
ricula.
WERST, or most badde (werst or
worste, s.) Pessimus (nequissi-
mus, s.)
(WERTE, yn a mannys skynne,
idem quod WRETTE, infra.)
WESAUNNT, of a beestys throte.
Ysofagus, c. F.
WEESYLLE, lytylle beeste. Mus-
tela.
WEST, of the fyrmament. Occi-
WESTWARD. Occidentalis; nomina-
liter.
WESTWARD, or westly. Occiden-
taliter, adv.
WEST WYNDE. Zephirus.
WETE. Madidus, roridus, made-
factus.
WEET, wythe reyne. Complutus,
UG. in pluo.
WETE, wythe lycure. Rigo, hu-
mectOj UG. irrigo.
(WETYN', or knowyn', vide infra
in WYTYN'.)
WETYNGE. Madefaccio, madida-
cio.
WEWARE, or webstare (weuar, p.)
Textor, textrix.
WEVYL, or malte boode.1 (Gur-
gulio, s.)
WEVYN', as webstarys. Texo,
ordior.
WEWYNGE. Textura.
WEVYNGE HOWSE. Textrinum.
WEVYNGE, or mevynge wythe tokne
(wewynge, or mevynge with
tokyn, s. steiynge with token,
K. P.) Annutus.
WHAKYN', or qvakyn'. Tremo,
CATH. contremo.
WHAKYNGE, or qvakynge. Tremor.
WHALE, or qwal, grete fysche.
Cetus.
WHANN. Quando.
WHANTE, or qvante, longe sprete
or rodde.2 Contus.
WHA(R)LARE, in speche (or blaf-
foorde, supra.) Traulus.
WHAT, or qwat (what or sum
whate, s.) Quod, quid.
WHEY, of my Ike. Serum.
WHEEL. Rota.
WHELE, or whelke, soore (whelle,
K. qwelke, s. wheel, P.) Pustula.
WHELYN', as soorys (or whytow-
ryn, infra.) Pustulo.
WHELYNGE, of sorys. Pustulacio.
CATH. ANG. Bishop Kennett gives — "Werke, to ake or pain, as, my head werkes, my
teeth werke. Dimelm. et Chaucer. Wark, Lane. Sax. wserc, dolor. Whence in these
midland parts we say the working of the temples, the high beating or akeing." Lansd.
MS. 1033. See also Brockett's Glossary.
1 Compare BOWDE, malte-worme, supra, p. 46. Ray, states that weevils breeding in
malt are called Bouds in Norfolk and Suffolk, as we learn also from Forby. Randal
Holme, Acad. of Arm B. in. p. 467, says that the " Wievell eateth and devoureth corn
in the garners ; they are of some people called Bowds."
2 See QUANTE, supra, p. 418. Forby gives Quont, a pole to push a boat onwards with.
524
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
WHELMYN', a vessel. Suppino,
CATH.1
WHELMYNGE. Suppinacio.
WHELP, lytyl hownde. Catellus,
catulus.
WHELE SPORE (welspore, K. H.)2
Orbita, CATH. c. F. et UG. in ruo.
WHERE. Ubi.
WHEREFORE. Quapropter, quam-
obrem.
WHERE OF. Unde.
WHERT, or qwert.3 Incolumis,
sanus, sospes.
WHESTONE (or whettynge, infra,
whetstone, P.) Acuperium, cos.
WHETE, corne. Triticum, fru-
mentum.
WHETTE TETHE, as borys. Quir-
rito, frendeo, CATH.
WHETTYN (or make sharpe, K.) a
knyfe or o]?er tool. Acuo.
WHETTYNGE, or scharpynge. Acu-
cio.
WHETTYNGE (stone, K. P.) idem
quod WHESTONE, supra.
WHY. Quare, cur, vel quur.
(WHYCHE, or hutche, supra in
HOCHE. Cista, archa?)
WHYLKE, or whyche. Quis, que,
quod.
WHYK, or qvyk, or levynge. Vivus.
WHYKYN', or qvykyn' (whykyn or
make whyke, s. quekyn, P.)
Vivifico.
WHYKLY, or qwykly. Vivaciter.
WHYKENESSE, or qvyknesse. Vi-
vacitas.
WHYLE. Momentum.
WHYNNE. Saliunca, saliuris^
ruscus, est herba spinosa secun-
dum, c. F.
WHYNYN', as howndys or o}>er
beestys. Ululo, gannio, KYLW.
WHYNYNGE. Ululatus.
WHYPPE. Scutica, CATH. et c. F.
anguilla, CATH.
WHYPPYN, as sylke womene
(whyppyn or closyn threde in
sylke, K. P.) Obvolvo, CATH.
WHYRLARE A-BOWTE, or goare a-
bowte in ydylnesse (in vanite,
K. P.) Girovagus.
WHYRLEBONE, or hole of a ioynt
(whylbone, s.)4 Anca, c. F.
vertebrum, c. F. vertibulum, c. F.
(condulus, K. P.)
1 " I whelme an holowe thyng over an other thyng. Je mets dessus. Whelme a platter
upon it, to save it from flyes." PALSG. In East Anglian dialect, to Whelm signifies to
turn a tub or other vessel upside down, whether to cover anything with it or not. See
Forby. A Whelm is half a hollow tree placed with its hollow side downwards, to form a
small watercourse. See Ray, Grose, Bailey, Moor, &c.
2 Forby, Vocab. of E. Angl., observes that, in the old state of cross-roads in Norfolk,
the horse-path was in the midway between the two wheel-ruts. Between that and each
rut was the wheel-spur, much higher than either. "A carte spurre, Orbita."" CATH. ANG.
" Orbita, a cart spure and a pathe. Vadum, a forde, or a forthe, and a cart spore."
MED. " Orbita is the foroughe of a whele that makethe a depe forowghe in the wyndyng
and trendlynge aboute." Tre visa's transl. of Barth. de Propr. B. xiv. c. 132. A.-Sax.
Spor, vestigium ; Hel-spura, a footstep.
3 See the note on QWERT, supra, p. 420.
4 " Vertebra, junctura ossium ; etiam ponitur pro cardine, Angl. Whyrlebone or a
perser." GRTUS. "A whorlebone, internodium, neopellum, vertibulum.'1'' CATH. ANG.
" Whyrlbone of ones kne, pallet de geiiouil." PALSG. Compare QVYRLEBONE yn a ioynt,
Ancha, supra, p. 421.
TROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
525
WHYRLEGYGEjChyldysgame.1 Gi-
raculum, CATH. et UG. in girus.
WHYRLYN', as spynnars wythe the
whele (as spynnars done, K.
with hure whele, s.) Giro,
roto, CATH.
WHYRLYN' A-BOWTE, yn ydylnesse
(whyrlyn abowtyn, K.) Vagor,
girovagor, vagurio, OATH.
WHYRLE WYNDE. Turbo, CATH.
WHYSPERYN'. Mussito.
WfiYSPERYNGE.2 MuSSltacio.
WHYSSON TYDE, idem quod PEN-
TECOST, supra (Whitsontyde, K.
supra in Pencost, p.)
WHYSTYL. Fistula, ossinaria,
ossinium, KYLW.
WHYSTELARE. Ossinus, KYLW.
ossinator.
WHYSTELYN'. Oscino, KYLW. (fis-
tulo, P.)
WHYSTELYNGE. Oscinium, KYLW.
WHYTE. Albus, candidus.
WHYGHT, of an eye (white of an
ey, K. of an egge, p.) Albumen,
c. F.
WHYTHE THORNE.3 Ramnus, UG. et
CATH.
WHYTYNGE, fysche.4 Gammarius,
merlingus, COMM.
WHYTYNGE, or mater to make
whyghte of. (Whytynge to
make whyte, p.) Albatura,
candidacium.
(WHYTE LED, or blanke plumbe,
supra in B.)
WHYTLYMYD. Calcificatus.
WHYTLYMYNGE. Calcificacio.
(WHYTYNGE, or whit makynge, K.
H. P. Dealbatio.}
WHYTLOWE (whytflowe sore, P.)
Panarucium5 (panaritium, p.)
WHYTMETE. Lacticinium.
WHYTNESSE. Albedo.
WHYTON', or make whyte. Dealbo,
candido, CATH.
WHYTON', wythe lyme.6 Calcifico,
decalceo, c. F.
WHYTOWRE, of a soore (whitour
or filth of sore, K.)7 Sanies,
c. F.
WHYTOWRYN, as soorys, idem quod
WHELYN', supra.
WHYTRATE (whitratt, K. whyt-
ratche, p.)8
WHYTE MARBULLE. Carnium, (?)
UG. in carecter.
WH Y(T)STARE, or pleykstare (plyk-
stare, H.whytstar or blykstar, p.)9
Candidarius, candidaria.
1 Compare PRTLLE, supra, p. 413, and SPYLKOK, p. 469. " Giraculum, a chyldes
whyrle or a hurre, curn quo pueri ludunt.'" ORTUS. " Whyrlygigge to play with, Py-
rouette."" PALSG.
2 Compare MUSTERYNGE or qwysperynge, supra, p. 349, and ROMELYNGE, p. 436.
3 Compare THETHORNE, supra, Ramiius, p. 490.
4 Compare MERLYNGE, supra^ Gamarus, p. 334.
5 Andrew Boorde, in the Breviary of Health, c. 265, says — " Pannaticium is ye Latin
word, in English it may be an impossumacion in the fingers and the nayles of a mans
hande, and some doth say it is a white flawe vnder the nayle; he gives as a remedy to
anoint the nails with ear wax. See also c. 270, " Perioniche — a white flawe." " Whyt-
flowe in ones fyngre, Poll de chat." PALSG.
6 Compare LYME wythe lyme, supra, p. 305.
7 Compare ATTYR, fylthe, Sanies, siipra, p. 16. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 82, it is said of
madder, Rulea minor, " it is a noble drawere of quyteour and fel>e, and soris, and of*
tyngys infix in J>e flessh."
8 This word occurs in all the MSS. and in Pynson's printed text, without any Latin equi-
valent. The ermine or white rat of Pontus may possibly be intended.
9 The reading WHYSTARE seems doubtless to be an error, which is corrected by all the
526
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
WHOO. Quis, que, quod.
(Wno MANY, or howe many, K. p.
whow meny, s. Quot.)
(WHO MEKYL, K. whow mykyl, s. P.
Quantus.)
(WHO OFTYN, K. whowe often, H. p.
Quotiens.)
(Wnow SONE, s. Quantocms, vel
quam cito.)
(Wnow, or in what manere, s.
whowe or howe, P. Quo,qualiter.)
WHORLWYL, of a spyndyl (whor-
whil, K. whorle, p.) Vertebrum.
WYCE (wyse, P.) Sapiens, pru-
dens, sagax, peritus, gnarus.
WYCE, in werkynge and ware (in
gouernaunce, K. p. in warre, s.)
Discretus, providus.
WYCHE, tre. Ulmus.
WYYD, large yn brede. Latus,
amplius.
WYYD, yn space. Spaciosus.
WYDYJS', or make wyde. Dilato.
WYYDNESSE. Latitude, amplitude.
WYDUARE. Virbius.1
WYDWE (widw, K. wydue, s.)
Vidua.
WYDEWOOD (widwhode, K. wydow-
hood, s.) Viduitas.
WYYFE. Uxor, conjunx, sponsa.
WYYFHOOD. Uxoratus.
WYYFLES, or not weddyd (wyfles
or withoute wyfe, P.) Agamus,
agama.
WYFLE, wepene (wylle, s.)2 Bi-
pennis, c. F.
WYGGE, brede (or bunne brede, p.)3
WYTCHE (wyche, K.) Magus,
maga, sortilegus, sortilega.
WYTCHECRAFTE. Sortilegium,
fascinum, CATH.
WYTCHE, clepyd nyghte mare
(wyche, nyt mare, K.)4 Epi-
altes, OATH, gerenoxa, strix^
other MSS. and by Pynson. Compare also BLEYSTARE, or wytstare, Candidarius, supra,
p. 39. " Whitstarre, Blanchisseur de toylles.1"1 PALSG.
1 Virlius, bis vir existens, seu qui binas habuit vel habet uxores," &c. CATH. See
also Ducange in v.
8 The precise nature of the weapon here intended has not been ascertained; in the Roll
of effects of Sir John Fastolfe, t. Henry VI. occur in the Great Hall at Caistor six
" wifles," hanging up with cross-bows, a boar-spear, &c. Archaeologia, vol. xxi. p. 272.
Sir S. Meyrick supposed they were swords of wood for practice. At the great muster of
citizens of London in 1539, described by Hall, there were " Wyffelers " on horseback,
with "propre iavelyns or battel-axes in ther handes," and 400 Wyffelers on foot, active
persons clad in white silk, &c. " euery man hauyng a javelyn or slaugh sword." Forby,
Vocab. of E. Ang., describes the active Whifflers who cleared the way for the proces-
sions of the Corporation at Norwich, bearing swords of lath or latten, which they keep in
constant motion, "whiffling the air on either side." He proposes to derive the term from
A.-S. wseflere, llatero. It appears, however, more probable that they received the name
from the weapons called wyfles. Douce, in his Illustrations of Shakespeare, K. Henry V.
act 5, supposes the " mighty whiffler 'fore the king," preparing his way, to have been a
fifer. Minsheu defines him to be a club or staff-bearer. See Nares's Glossary. In Bag-
ford's collection, Harl. MS. 5944, f. 174 b, is a curious representation of the Ages of
Man, engraved by Stent, 1665. Childhood appears as the " hinch boy " to the Mayor.
Youth is dressed as a " swasshing whiffler," with his staff and chain.
3 Compare BUNNE, brede, Placenta; supra, p. 55 ; and the note on PAYN MAYNE, p.
375. " Wygge, Eschaude" PALSG. " Wig or bun, a bunn or little manchet; Collyra,
lilum." GOCLDM. In Herefordshire a small cake is called a wig. " VVegghe, panis triti-
ceus, libum oblongum," &c. Kilian, Diet. Teut. " Libum, alio nomine dicitur placenta,
Anglice a wastell or a cake." ORTUS.
4 Compare MARE, or ny3hte mare, supra, p. 326 ; and NYGHTE MARE, p. 356.
mOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
527
WYTCHON, wythe soorcerye
(wychyn, K. wycchyn with sor-
sery, s. wysshyn, p.)1 Ariolor,
c. F. (fascinb, CATH. p.)
WYTCHYN', or charmyn'. Incanto.
WYTE, or delyvyr, or swyfte (wybtj,
K. wyht, s. wyglite, p.)2 Agilis,
velox.
WYGHTE, of thyngys ]>at be hevy
(wy]?t of bodily thyngys that is
hevy, K. that arne hevy, s.)
Pondus.
WYKKYD, or yvel (wykke, s.)
Mains, iniquity, nequam.
WYCKYDLY TO WERKYN, or don.
Nequito.
WYKKYDLY. Male, nequiter, ini-
que.
WYKKYDNESSE. Iniquitas, ma-
licia, nequicia.
WYKETT, or lytylle wyndowe.
Fenestra, CATH. fenestrella, fe-
nestricula.
WYKYR, to make wythe baskettys,
or to bynde wythe thyngys. Vi-
tuligo, CATH. vimen, c. F.
WYLGATE, or wronge gate. Devi-
ado.
WYL, or hertely purpos (purpose
of herte, K. p.) Voluntas.
WYYLD. Sylvester, ferox, ferus,
(indomitus, p.)
WYLD BEEST. Fera. '
WYY(L)DE FYYR.S Spartus, KYLW.
ignis Pelasgus, KYLW. vel ignis
Grecus, c. F. in fons (spercus, K.
1 These words seem to have fallen out of proper alphabetical order, or the original form
has been changed by the transcriber. They may have been originally written WYHCHE,
WYCHOn, &c.
2 In K. Alis. v. 5001, among marvellous folk in India are described some of a wide-
legged race, who ran barefoot — " michel wightnesse hy mowen don." See also v. 2685,
2780.
3 The invention of combustible or explosive compounds for purposes of war dates from
remote antiquity in the East. Their origin and nature has been fully investigated by H.
M. the Emperor of the French, in his remarkable work on the History of Artillery; we may
refer also to the treatise Du Feu Gregeois, by MM. Reinaud and Fave, and to the Essai
sur le Feii Gregeois, by M. Lalanne. The term Wild Fire, here given as synonymous with
Greek fire, occurs repeatedly in the Romance of Coer de Lion, written about t. Edw. I.
The dromond captured by Richard between Cyprus and Acre was laden " with wylde fyr
and other vytayle;" line 2463 ; wild fire was projected by tubes called " trumpes ;" at
the siege of a city were used " arweblast of vys," with quarrels, staff-slings, and trebuchets,
and the besiegers "blewe wylde fyr in trumpes of gynne ;" line 5229. A distinction
seems occasionally made ; in a sea-fight Richard cast out of his galley wild fire into the
sky, " and fyr Gregeys into the see," so that the water appeared all burning with the
dreadful compound. In Chron. of Eng. written about t. Edw. II. a strange tale may be
found of the hot bath concocted by King Bladud, with many things craftily combined in
brass tuns, — brimstone, salgemme and saltpetre, sal ammoniac and nitre, " with wylde fur
ymad ther to.'' Ritson, Metr. Rom. vol. u. p. 277. The popular tales regarding these
inextinguishable compounds are not without interest as connected with the prototypes of
those appliances of war which in our days arrest such universal attention. Caxton, in the
Mirrour of the World, part n. c. 21, says of divers fountains, that there is one towards the
East " wherof is made tyre grekyssh with other myxtyons that is put therto, the whiche
fyre whan it is taken and light is so hoot, that it can not be quenchyd with water, but
with aysel, uryne, or with sonde only. The Sarasyns selle this water right dere and
derrer than they doo good wyne." After the time when gunpowder came into general
use the deadly volants and compositions devised by the Arabs, as detailed in M. Reinaud'g
curious treatise, were not wholly abandoned. Grafton tells us that, at the siege of
CAMD. SOC. 3 Y
528
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
ignis Pelasgusvd ignis pelagus,
*•)
WYYLDEFOWLE.1 Altile, CATH- Vel
altilis, CATH. volatilis.
WYYLDE GOOS. Auca bruta, KYLW.
WYYLDE MALOWE, or holyhokke,
herbe.2 Altea, C.F. malviscus, C.F.
WYYLDERNESSE. Solitude, Tiere-
mus.
WYYLNEPE (wild nepe, K. r.)
Cucurbita, c. F. brionia, c. F.
WYY(L)DNESSE. Indomitas, fero-
citas.
WYYLDNESSE, or wantowheed. In-
solencia, dissolucio.
WYYL VYNE. Labrusca.
WYL, of f re dam, or fre wylle (wyl
or fredam, P.) Libitus, CATH.
vel libitum.
WYLE, or sleythe (sleyte,K. sleyght,
p.) Cautela, astucia.
WYLE, of falsheed, idem quod
SLEYTHE, supra.
WYLFULLE. Voluntarius, spon-
taneus.
WYLFULLY. Voluntarie, spontanee.
WYLY. Cautus, astutus, cautu-
losus.
WYLYAM, propyr name (Willyham,
K.) Willelmus.
WYLKE, fysche. In plur. concule,
c. F. item conchilia, RICARDUS.
WYLKE, schelle. Concha, c. F.
WYLLYN', or haue vyl (wilne or
hauyn wille, K.) Volo.
WYLSOME, or dowtefulle. Dubius,
fluctuans.
WYLSOME, or folwynge only hys
owne wylle. Effrenus, vel effrenis,
effrenatus, CATH.
WYLSOMENESSE, or dowtefulnesse.
Dubium, ambiguitas.
WYLSOMENESSE, or froward wylle.
Effronitas, velproprie voluntatis
sequela.
WYLOWE, tree (wilwe, K.) Salix.
WYMBYL. Terebrum, UG.
WYMBYL, or persowre. Terebel-
lum, c. F.
WYMBELYN, or wymmelyn'. Te-
rebro ; alia in PEERCYN supra.
WYMPYL.S Peplum.
WYNCYN'. Calcitro, CATH. recal-
citro, repedo, CATH.
(WYNCYN, or smytyn with the fote
as hors, K. H. p. Repedo, CATH.)
Guisnes, in 1410, the men of war within " shotte so fiercely, and cast out wilde fyre in
such aboundanee, that the assaylants were faine to retyre." In the following century we
find evidences of the continued use of such combustible appliances of war. Amongst mu-
nitions for a fleet which conveyed troops to Scotland, in 1545, under the Earl of Lennox,
occur — " xx. Tronckes chardged with wylde fyer: vj. morest spyckes laden with wylde fyer,
vj. horstakes laden with wylde fyer." State Papers, vol. in. p. 543. Again, in an inven-
tory of stores in Royal Arsenals, taken on the accession of Edw. VI. in 1547, we find, at
Berwick, arrows for fire-works ; and, at Newhaven, arrows with wild-fire, &c. MS. Soc.
Ant. Lond. " Wylde fyre, Feu Sauvaige, feu Gregeois." PALSG. The term sometimes
designates some disease, possibly erysipelas, of which and of its remedies see Sloane MS.
1571, f. 51, b. Robert of Gloucester, indeed, affirms that English blood is so pure that the
dire disorder, that men call " Holy fur or wilde fuyr," cometh not to this realm, and that
French men visiting our shores are healed of that evil. The word was moreover used as
signifying tinder or some inflammable fungus ; thus we find " Wildfire, Lichen, vide
Liverwort." GOULDM. See the notes on GCNNE, supra, p. 218.
1 Compare VOLATYLE, supra.
2 Compare HOLY HOKKE, or wylde malowe, supra, p. 243.
3 This word occurs immediately after WYMBYL, apparently misplaced. " Wymple fora
none, Guymple.'1'1 PALSG. Ang. -S. winpel, ricinvm.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
529
WYNCYNGE, of bestys. Calcitra-
cio, recalcitracio.
( WYNDAS, K. wyndace, H.P. Troclea,
CATH.)
WYYNDBEME, of a roof l Lacunar,
vel laquear, CATH.
WYYND. Ventus.
WYY(N)DYD. Ventilatus, vel vento
et aiire expositus.
WYNDYN', yn clothys, idem quod
WRAPPON',2 supra.
WYYNDYN', on a clowchon (wyndyn
on clowchyn, K. s. p.)3 Gloniero,
C. F.
WYYNDYN', of twyne, threde, or
other lyke. Torqueo, CATH.
WYNDYN', or turnyN' a-bowte
(turnyn abowty'n, K.) Giro, verto.
WYNDYN', yn ]?e eyre as wynde
(wyndyn wyth eyere, K.) Ventilo.
WYNDYN', wythe a wyndlas
(wyndas, K. s.) Obvolvo, CATH.
WYNEWYNGE,* wythe wyynd
(wyndynge, K. p.) Ventilacio.
WYNDYNGE, wythe wyndelas
(wyndas, ^. s.) Obvolucio, CATH.
WYNDYLLE.S Ventilcibrum, pala,
CATH. et UG. in venio.
WYYNDYNCLOTHE. Involucrum.
WYNDOWE. Fenestra.
WYYN', or wyne. Fmwm, merum,
CATH.
WYYNE, badde or menglyd wythe
watiir (wyne, bad or meynt, K.
menkte, H. p.) Vappa, CATH.
vinellum, CATH.
WYYNE BALLYS (wyneballe, K, wyne
vallys, p.)6 Pilaterie, vel pile tar-
taree (vel pileus tartaricus, K.)
WYNE CELER. Vinaria, CATH.
WYNE DREGGYS, or lye (drestys,
K.) Tartarum, c. F. Z/«, c. F.
WYYNE DRUNKON'. Vinolentus,
vinosus, CATH.
WYNE, fyne, or fyne wyne (wyne
good or, &c. K.) Calenum, c. F.
Falernum, CATH. tementum, UG.
WYNE, clere. Merum, CATH.
(WYNE, medelit with water, menkt,
p. Vinellum).
WYN(D)YNGE,? or twynynge of
threde. Tortura, vel torsura.
1 « Wynde beame of a house." (no French word) PALSG. According to Nicholson, it
is an obsolete term for a collar beam. Archit. Diet, in v. It is called a span-piece in
Lincolnshire and Wiltshire.
2 Sic, MS., supra, p. 515, and thus also in other MSS., and in P.; supra in wrappyn.
Compare WAPPYN', LAPPYN, or whappyn yn clothys, supra, p. 287.
3 See BOTME of threde, or clowchen, supra, p. 45, and CLOWCHYN, or clowe (al. clewe),
p. 83. Globus and glomus signify, according to the Ortus, " coadunatio et glomeratio filo-
rum — a clewe of threde." Clowchyn was probably a diminutive ; according to Forby
three skeyns of hempen thread are cal'ed a clue in Norfolk.
4 Sic, occurring between WYYNDYD and WYNDYNGE, and probably written likewise by
the first hand WYNDYNGE.
5 " Ventildbrum est instrumentum ventilandi paleis aptum, &c. a sayle or a wynde
clothe." ORTUS. "A wyndowe clothe, pala, veiUilalrum." CATH. ANG. Palsgrave gives
only " yarne wyndell, Tornette."
6 Argol, or tartar, "Scoria de dolio miii," as explained by Joh. de Garlandia, in Synon.
Chym., the concrete salt deposited by wine in casks, was probably imported in former
times in the form of balls ; the best was obtained from Germany, but it comes from all
wine-producing countries, and is much employed in dyeing. In the Tonnage Rates, 12
Car. II. occurs " Argal white and red, or powder."
7 WYNYNGE, MS. and MSS. H. S. and also PYNSON. The first hand may probably
have written WYNDYNGE. Compare TWYNYNGE, supra, p. 505.
530
I'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
WYNDYNGE VP, of thyngys )>at
ben hevy (wynynge aboute a
thynge, &c. H. p.) Evolucio.
WYNNYN'. Lucror.
WYNNYNGE. Lucrum, emolumen-
tum, CATH.
WYNKYN', idem quod TWYNKELYN',
supra. Conniveo.
WYNKKYNGE, of the eye (with the
eye, s.) Nictitacio, CATH. nictus,
c. F. conquinicio, c. F. connivencia.
WYNSARE. Calcitrator, calcitatrix.
(WYNSYN, supra in WYNCYN, P.)
WYNSYNGE. Calcitracio.
WYNTYR, colde tyme. Hyemps,
bruma, CATH. hibernum, c. F.
WYNTYR HOWSE, or halle (wintyr-
halle, K.) Hibernaculum, CATH.
WYNTRYN', or kepe a thynge al the
wyntyr. Yemo.
WENEWYD (wynwyd,K.) Ventilatus.
WYNWYN' (wynowin, p.) Ventilo.
WYNEWYNGE (wynwynge, K.) Ven-
tilacio.
WYPE, bryde or lapwynge. Upupa.
WYPYN'. Tergo.
WYPYNGE, of handys and o}>er
thyngys. Tersura, detercio.
WYPT, or wypyd. Tersus, detersus.
WYRE. Filum, velferrifilum,T>icc.
(Jilum ereum velferreum, P.)
WYRME. Vermis.
WYRMWODE, herbe. Absinthium.
(WYRSTE, of an hande, infra in
WRYST. Fragus.}
WYRWYN' (wyrwyne, s. worowen,
p.) Strangulo, suffoco.
WYSCHYN', gretely desyryn' (wys-
shen or wusshen, p.) Op to,
exoptOj CATH. utino.
WYSARD (wysar, K.) Sagaculus,
CATH.
WYSSARE, or ledare. Director,
conductor.
WYSEDOME. Sapiencia, prudencia,
sagacitas.
WYSSYN', or ledyn'. Dirigo.
WYSSYNGE. Directio.
WYSPE. Torques, Dice, torquillus,
KYLW. et UG. v. in N.
(WISPERYN, K. wysperynge or
qhysperynge, H. wysperynge or
whysperynge, p. Mussitacio.}
WYTTE, of vndyrstondynge. Inge-
nium (intelligencia, p.)
WYTTE, of bodyly knowynge.
Sensus.
(WYTE, or delyuyr, supra in
WYGHT, wythj, H. Agilis, velox.}
(WYGHT, of bodyly thynge that is
heuy, P. Pondus.}
WYTHE CHYLDE. Puerpera, preg-
nans.
WYTHE CLEPYN', or reuokyn, (with
callyn, s.) Revoco.
WYTHE DRAWYN'. Subtraho.
WYTHE DRAWYN' AZENE. Betraho.
WYTHE HYM. Secum.
WYTHE HOLDYN'. Detineo, retineo.
WYTHE HOLDYNGE. Retencio, de-
tencio.
WYTHE YN'. Intus, infra.
WYTHE ME. Mecum.
WYTHE-OWTE ]?e place (witow-
tyn, K.) Foras, extra, foris.
WYTHE-OWTEN, not havynge
(witowtyn, K. wyth-owtyn or not
havyng, s.) Absque, sine.
WYTHE vs. Nobiscum.
WYTHE THE. Tecum.
WYTHE YOW. Vobiscum.
WYTHE SEYNE, or geyne seyne
(ageyne seyn, K.) Contradico.
WYTHE SETTYN'. Obsto, obsisto,c. p.
WYTHE SETTYNGE. Obsistencia.
WYTHE STONDYN'. Resisto.
WYTHE STONDYNGE. Resistencia,
obstaculwn.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
531
WYTHE BONDE (witthe wythth, s.)
JBoia,1 c. F. CATH. et UG. v. in N.
WYTTY. Ingeniosus, prudens, sa-
piens.
WYTTYLY. Ingeniose, prudenter.
WYTTLES. Insensatus.
WYTTENESSE. Testimonium, tes-
tificacio.
WYTTENESSE BERARE. Testis, tes-
tiftcator, testificatrix.
WYTYN', or wetyn', or knowyn'.
Scio, cognosce, agnosco.
WYTTON, or retton' (wytyn, K. wy-
tone or rekon, s. wytyn or ret-
tyn, P). Imputo.
WYVYL (or wevyl, supra) idem
quod MALT BOWDE, supra.
WYVYS', or weddyn' a wyfe.
Uxoro.
WYSE, of strawbery (or pesyn, p.)
Fragus.
Woo, or dysese. Dolor, gravamen,
malum, nocuum, nocumentum.
Woo, or yrkesumnesse (wo or gre-
vowsnesse, K. or yrkenesse, P.)
Fastidium, tedium.
WOODE, ormadde(or oothe, supra).
Amens, furiosus, insanus (de-
mens, vesanus, ferus, furius, P.)
WODNESSE. Insania, furia, furor.
WOOD, or wadde, for lysterys (for
lytstarys, s. wad for lyttynge,
p.)2 Gaudo, KYLW.
WOODE BYNDE. Caprifolium, vi-
cicella, c. F. vel vitella, c. F.
voluba, capriolus, CATH. volubilis
(yoluba major, p.)
WOODE, of treys. Silva, nemus,
(lucus, P.)
WODEBERARE, or caryare of fowayl3
(wode berar or foweler', p.) Calo,
c. F.
WODEKOK, bryd. Castrimargus,
gallus silvestris, COMM.
WOODE, cuntre J>at ys fulle of
woode. Silvosa, c. F.
WOODE, fowayl (supra in fowaly,
K. H. fualy, P.) Focale.
WODEHAKE, or reyne fowle (or
wodewale, infra, wodhack, bryd,
K. or nothac, P.) Picus, c. F.
WODEHOKE, or wedehoke. Sar-
culus, c. F. et Dice, sarculum,
Dice.
WODE DOWE, or stokk dowe. Pa-
lumba.
WODEWARDE, or walkare in a wode
for kepynge. Lucarius, KYLW.
WODESCHYDE (woodshyde or astyl-
shyde, p.)4 Teda, c. F. (cadia,
P0
WODEROVE, herbe. Hasta regia,
hastula, ligiscus, KYLW.
WODEWALE, bryd, idem quod
REYNEFOWLE (or wodehake, su-
pra,) et lucar, UG. v. in L.
WODEWESE (wowyse, K. woodwose,
H. p.)5 Silvanus, satirus, CATH.
1 " Boia, torques damnatorum, quasi jugum in bove, a bos dicitur." CATH. See also
Ducange, in v.
2 Compare WAD, or wode, supra, p. 513 ; WELDE, p. 520 ; and WOLD, infra, p. 532.
" Wode to die with, Guedde," PALSG. Ang.-S. Wad, isatis tinctoria, glastum.
3 caryare as fowayl, MS. the reading of MS. S. — of fowayl, seems more correct. Sea
FOWAYLE, Focale; FEWELER, or fyyr maker, Focarius, supra, p. 174.
4 See ASTELLE, a schyyd, supra, p. 16.
5 " Satirus, i. faunus, an elf or a wodewose, vel Deus nemorum," MED. In the Wic-
liffite version, in Isai. c. 34, v. 14, pilosus is rendered " the wodewose," where the gloss in
the Vulgate gives " homines sylvestres." Comp. Isai. c. 13, v. 21 ; Jer. c. 50, T. 39. The
term has been derived from Ang.-S. wode, silva, and wosan, esse; or from wode, insanus.
532
PROMPTORIUM PAHVULORUM.
WOKE (wok, s. wooke, H.) Ebdo-
mada, septimana.
WOLD, herbe, or woode (or wad,
or welde, supra.") Sandix, c. F.
WOLDE, cuntre.
WOLYNGE, or stronge byyndynge
(woldynge, K. worlynge, s. w.)
Provolucio, prostriccio (pers-
trinctio, p.)
WOLKYNE, idem quod WELKYN,
supra (wolkyng, s.)
WOLCOME. Exceptus.
WOMANNE. Mulier,femina, virago.
WOMBE, bely. Venter, alvus, uterus.
WONE, idem quod CUSTOME, supra.
WOONE, or grete plente (wone, K.
H. s. p.)1 Copia, habundancia.
WONGE, of londe. Territoriwn.
WONON', or dwelle. Maneo, habito.
WONON', or vse custummably.
Usito.
WONON', or make to be custummyd
or vsyd2 (wonyn or vsyn, K.
vse costumnably, s.) Assuefa-
cio, assuesco (soleo, usito, P.)
WONYNGE, or dwellynge. Mansio.
VONYNGE (sic), of longe vsynge
(wonyng, or longe vsynge, p.)
Consuetudo, assuefaccio.
WOPNE, or pysse (wopone of pis,
s.) Urina.
WORDE. Verbum, sermo.
WORSCHEPE. Honor, honos, reve-
rentia.
WORSCHYPPE, of grete name and
preysynge a-monge bepeple (and
oftyn preysynge, p.) Gloria, c. F.
WORSCHYPFULLE. HonoraUlis,
reverendus, venerabilis.
WORCHYPPYN'. Honoro, adoro,
veneror, honorifico, colo.
(WoRWYNj, supra in WYRWYN, K.)
WOORT, for ale makynge. Ciro-
mellum.
WORT, herbe. Olus, caulis.
WORT WYRME, bat etytlie wortys.
Eruca, CATH.
WOSE, slype of the erthe (wose-
slyp, s.)3 Gluten, bitumen, c. F.
et KYLW.
WOWARE, or he bat wowythe.
Procus, c. F. et UG.
such sylvan creatures being of a savage nature. In the sixteenth century the word became
corrupted into Woodhouse, a familiar family name in East Anglia. Herman observes, in
his Vulgaria, " Woode wosis be vpwarde nostrelde; Satyri sunt sili."
1 In K. Alis. v. 1468, we read that — " cam knyghtis muche wone," i. e. in numbers ;
so also in R. Goer de Lion, v. 3548, — "he swore he hadde beter won of ryche tresour
thenne hast thou," &c. Mr. Halliwell, in his Archaic Glossary, quotes Chester Plays, ii.
109, where "good wonne" occurs in the same sense.
2 In the Winchester MS. a distinction is here made. — Wonone, or vse costunably,
Usito. — Wonone, or make to be costomyd and vsyd, Assuefacio. " I wonte or use, Je
accoustume. It is no wysdome to wont a thyng that is not honest." PALSG. " Assuetudo,
wonyng." ORTUS.
3 Leland, Itin. vol. vii. f. 70 b, describes the " polecye," whereby, in 1247, the haven
at Bristol was improved ; in old time ships came only up by Avon to a place called the
Bek, where the bottom was very rough. By cutting a channel, and introducing the waters
of the river Frome there was, " made softe and whosy harborow for grete shipps." Lye,
in his Add. to Junius Etym. gives " Wos, icoose, humus padulosa, vet. Angl." The name
Blakewose, a priory in Kent, may have been taken from the clayey or miry soil. R.
Brunne, relating the landing of William the Conqueror by a plank laid from his ship to
the shore, says, —
" Als William ber on suld go he stombled at a nayle,
Into \>e waise J?am fro he tombled top ouer tayle ;
PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
533
WOWAR, or he ]?at wowythe for a-
nother. Pronuba, paranimplms,
C. F.
WOWE, wal (wowe or wall, K. p.)
Paries, murus.
WOWYN', or weyyd (wowne, p.)
Ponderatus, libratus.
WOWYN'. Proco, procito, CATH.
WOWYNGE. Procacio.
WOWNDE. Vulnus, plaga.
WOWNDE, festiyd. Cicatrix.
WOWNDE, made wythe swerde or
other wepne. Stigma, c. F.
WOW(N)DYN\ Vulnero, saucio,
CATH.
WRAKE, or weniawnce (or wreke,
infra; veniawnce, K. vengeaunce,
p.) Vindicta, ulcio.
WREKYN', or vengyn'. Vindico,
ulciscor.
WRAPPYNGE, or hyllynge. Coo-
percio, involucio (yolucio, p.)
WRAW, froward, on-goodly.1 Per-
versus, bilosus, protervus, exas-
perans.
WBAWKBSSE. Protervia, proter-
vitas, CATH. bilositas, perversitas,
(impatientia, P.)
WRETCHE. Miser, misera.
(WRETCH YD, p. Miser.)
WRETCHYDNESSE. Miseria.
WREKE, of ]>e see. Alga, norga,
c. F.
WREK, of a dyke, or a fenne, or
stondynge watyr.2 Viva, c. F.
WREKE, idem quod WRAKE (or
weniawnce,) supra.
WRENCHE, idem quod SLEYTHE,
supra.
WRENCHE, or sleythe of falsheed,
(sleyte, K. sleyth or falshede, s.)
Dolositas, fraudulencia.
(WRENCHE, or sleyght, j. w.
Cautela.)3
WRENN, bryd. Regulus.
WRESTE, of an harpe or other lyke.
Plectrum.
WRESTON'. Plecto.
WRESTYN', and wrythyn' a~3en.
Reflecto (replecto, K.)
WRESTYNGE. Plectura, plexura.
WRESTELARE. Luctator, colluc-
tator.
WRESTELON'. Luctor, palestriso.
WRESTELYNGE. Colluctacio.
WRESTELYNGE PLACE. Palestra,
CATH. et UG. palisma, CATH.
WRETTE, or werte yn a mannys
His knyghtes vp him lyft, and byd him eft atire,
William was oglyft, his helm was fulle of myre."
Wose more commonly occurs in the sense of juice, sap, exudations of trees or plants, as
in Barth. de Propr. passim; Forme of Cury; £c. The tanner's vat is said to be filled
with ooze. Ang.-S. wos, Liquor, succus.
1 Compare AWKE, or angry, supra, p. 18, and CRABBYD, awke, or wrawe, p. 99.
2 "Alga, herba marina, i.e. illud quod mare projicit, Wrekkeor frote of the sea. Viva,
wreke. Norga, fex maris, Anglice wreke. Viva est herba pal ustris." ORTUS. Compare
PLOT GRESE, Ulva, supra, p. 168. Bp. Kennett gives — " Reits, sea- weed, of some (see
Somner) called reits, of others wrack or wraick, and of the Thanet men wore or woore."
Lansd. MS. 1055. Elyot renders " Alga, reytes or wedes of the sea. Ulva, reke or
weedes of the sea.'1 In Holland's translation of Pliny we find mention of Reits, reike,
kilpes, or sea- weed. On the coasts of Scotland sea -weed is called " wreck-ware."
3 Meander, i. tortuositas, decepcio, a wrenche or a sotylteliesse." MED. " Wrenche, a
wyle, gauche ruse. Wrinches or wyles, chariuaris," PALSG. Herman says, " He sought
wrenches to saue his owne lyfe by rennynge pryuely away. — I haue spyed all thy subtyl-
ties and wrenches (tcchnas}."1' The word is used by Chaucer and other writers of the
period. A.-Sax. Wrenc, dolus.
534
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
skynne.1 Veruca, CATH. et UG.
in verro, porium, UG.
WRETTE, of a pappe, or tete. Pa-
pilla, c. F.
WRETHE. Ira, iracundia.
WRETHYN', or make wrothe.2
(wrothyn, p.) Irrito, CATH.
WRYNGYN' clothys (with, s.) han-
dys, and oj>er lyke. jRetorqueo,
contorqueo.
WRYNKYL, or rympyl (wrympyl,
p.) Ruga.
WRYNKYL, or playte yn clothe
(wrympyl or pleyt, p.) Plica.
WRYST, or wyrste of an hande.
Fragus.
WRYTTE, of ]>e Kyngys coort.
Breve.
WRYTTE, vpone a grave stone
(wrytyng, K.) Epitaphium,
CATH. epigramma, CATH.
WRYTARE. Scriptor.
WRYHTE, or carpentere (wryte, K.
s. wryghte, P.) Carpentarius.
WRYTYN'. Scribo.
WRYTYN'. Scriptus.
WRYTYNGE. Scriptura.
WRYTYNGE BORDE. Pluteum,CATK.
WRYTHYN', idem quod HYLLYN',
supra (wryyn, p.)
WRYTHYN', idem quod WRESTYN',
supra (et torqueo, s.)
WRYTHYN', or wrethyn' (wretthyn
or wre]?yn, s.) Tortus, torsus.
WRYTHYNGE. Tor sura, tortura.
WRONGE, in foorme of werke.
Curvus.
WRONGE, or avelonge (supra in
A.) Oblongus.
WRONGE, a-jen truthe and ryghte-
wysnesse(azens rytewysnesse,K.)
Injuria, injusticia, prejudicium.
WRONGNESSE, of werke (wrong of
werk, s.) Curvitas.
WROTARE. Versor (verror, K.)
(WROT, s. P. w. Lenticula.}
WROTHE. Iratus, iracundus.
WROTYN', as swyne. Verror.
WROTYNGE, of beestys. Versio.
WROTYNGE, of a swyne. Scrobs,
UG. v. in s.
WULLE. Lana.
WULLE HOWSE. Lanarium, KYLW.
WULLE MANN. Lanarius, KYLW.
WULLOK.3 VUIUS.
WULFE, beeste. Lupus.
(WuMMAN, supra in WOMAN, p.)
WUNDERELLE (sic, K. wundrel, s.
wonder, H. wundyr, p.) Prodi-
gium, portentum, mirum, osten-
tum, c. F.
WUNDERON' (wonderyn, H. p.)
Miror, admiror, stupeo.
WUNDRYNGE. Stupor.
WUNDYRFULLE. Mirabilis, miri-
ficus.
WUNDER GRETE, or hydows (hy-
giows, s.) Immanis, vehemens.
WUNNYNGE, or dwellyngc. Mancio.
WUNNYNGE, or vsynge of cus-
tome. Frequentacio.
WUNT, or vsyd. Assuetus, assue-
factus, consuetus.
WuNTON',,or gretely to jeue an
other vse and custome (to jeve
usyn and cnstomen, H. wontyn
or greatly to vse and custom, p.)
Assuefacio, usito, (assuesco, P.)
1 " Wret, a wart, Belg. wratte, verruca." Forby, Vocab. of E. Angl. In the account
of certain herbs, Solsequia, Eliotropia, &c. Arund. MS. 42, f. 67, it is said of the latter,
" be same erbe is called verrucaria, wrotwoik, bycause it destruyth and fordoth wrottys."
2 Compare TENYN, or wrethyn, or ertyn, supra, p. 489.
3 Compare LOK of wulle, Floccus, supra, p. 311.
PROMPTORIUM 1'ARVULORUM.
535
WURTHE, or the wurthe of walur
of a thynge (wurth or valw, K.)
Valor.
WURTHY, to haue a thynge. Dig-
nus.
WORTHY, yn pryce. Valens.
WURTHY, and grete of dygnyte.
Illustris.
WURTHYLY. Digne.
WURTHYNESSE, of walew. Va-
lor, valitudo
WURTHYNESSE, of grete wurschyp.
'Dignitas, probitas.
WUSCHE, or wuschynge. Exop-
tacio, CATH. in opto, utinatus,
(exaperta, s.)
WUSCHYN', or gretely desyryn'.
Opto, exopto, utino.
or thanne. Tune.
J?AT, or that. Ille.
J}EY, or they. Illi.
J)E, or the, mene whyle. Interim,
interea, vel medio tempore.
J^ERE, or there. Ibi, ibidem, illic.
J^ERE FORE, or there fore. Ideo,
ergo, igitur, idcirco, propterea.
J)E SAME, or the same. Idem,
eadem.
J^YDDYR, or thedyr, or thedyrwarde.
Illuc, vel versus locum ilium.
J)iNE, or thyne. Tuus.
J?YS, or thys. Iste.
jpAT WAY, or that wey. Iliac.
J)YS WEY, or thys wey. Istac.
JpYS DAY, or thys day. Hodie.
J?YS 3ERE, or thys yere. Homo,
CATH. et UG. in annus.
jjow, or thu (Jm, s.) Tu.
JJOWTYNGE, or thowthynge. Tuacio,
vel tuatus.
J)OWTON', or thowton' (]?owtyn, K.
H. yowtyn or thowtyng, s. p.)4
Tuo.
1 In the Harl. MS., which has been used as the text in preparing this edition of the
Promptorium,no uniform rule appears to have been laid down in regard to the use of the
Anglo-Saxon character \>, in place of which Th constantly occurs, probably through
carelessness of the transcriber. Here, however, the words thus commencing are found in
the usual position assigned to >, towards the close of the Anglo-Saxon alphabet; each
being accompanied by the same word, written with Th, as if its more recondite or
archaic form required such explanation. These circumstances are not undeserving of
notice. In the King's College MS. the repetition is not found, the words being written
with \> only. In the Middle Hill MS. they are written thus — Yanne or thann— Yowtyng
or thowtyng, the character Y being uniformly used in that MS. instead of \>. In the Win-
chester MS. \> is commonly, but not invariably, used throughout, and the words in this
portion of the alphabet are written without uniformity. Pynson and Julian Notary printed
invariably with Y for >, and, in the copy of the rare edition by the former in the Royal
Library, British Museum, the following MS. note is found : " All these Y. stande for Th.
acordinge as the Saxon carracte was in this sorte — \>, and so we pronounce all these
wordes at this day with Th." In W. de Worde's edit. 1516, the whole of the above are
omitted, and, immediately after the alphabetical section W, follow Ya, Yanynge, &c., to
the close, printed with Y. instead of 3, as in all the other texts which .have been available
for collation. This may, however, be merely a typographical error.
2 Compare THOWTYN, or seyfi thow to a mann, Tuo, supra^ p. 492; and 3EETYN, or sey
jee, infra, p. 537, where the reading in other MSS. and in Pynson's text is "seyn 30 with
worchep, or worship.11 The learned advocate Pasquier, in his Recherches de la France
(liv. viii. c. 4), has discussed the origin of the use of the pronoun singular as an address
of familiarity or contempt, and of the pronoun plural in accordance with respect due to
superiors. The practise oitiU.oyage in France between relations or familiar friends, and in
CAMD. SOC. 3 Z
536
PROMPTORIUM PABVULORUM.
Jpus, or thus. SiCj vel hoc modo.
j?us, or thus, many. Tot.
J5us, or thus, mekylle (yus moche,
p.) Tantus.
gA (ya, w.)1 Ita, itaque, eciam,
ymmo.
JANYN', or gapyn'. Hio, UG. v.
oscito, CATH. et c. F.
JANYNGE, or gapynge wythe the
mowthe (or ganynge, supra)*
Hiatus, c. t\ et KYLW.
JARNE, threde. Filum.
JARNE, hastyly (jarne or fast, p.)s
Festinanter, celeriter, festine.
JARNON', or jyrnyn', or desyryn'.
Desidero, opto, exopto.
JARNYNGE, or jeinynge, or desyr-
ynge. Desiderium, optacio, ex-
optacio.
JARNE WYNDEL, or ga(r)wyndel
(or jarwyndyl, s.)4 Girgillus,
CATH.
JAROWE, myllefoyle, herbe for nese
blederys (3arwe, K. s. for nese
bledare here, s.)5 Millefolium.
JATE. Porta, janua.
the language of prayer, is well known. Of its use as betokening contempt, or in addressing
inferiors, examples might be cited from an early period. Shakspeare describes the foolish
suitor in "Twelfth Night," desirous to provoke his rival the Duke of Illyria with a
challenge, and thus advised — "If thou tkou'st him some thrice it shall not be amiss."
Act iii. sc. 2. At an earlier period the question of monastic propriety in regard to
addressing novices contemptuously by thee and thou was thought deserving of discussion
at the General Chapter of Northampton (See c. x. de Novitiis). Erasmus in his Adagio,
relates the crafty subterfuge of a miserly patient, who repaid his German physician with
idle promises; whereupon the latter meeting him one day reminded him of the obligation.
" Cum forte medicus eum Latine numero singular! appellasset, ibi, velut atroci lacessitus
injuria, vah ! inquit, homo Germanus tuissas Anglum ?" and so on that pretence the fee
remained unpaid. Thus, likewise, in his treatise " de ratione conscribendi epistolas,"
c. xii., Erasmus says, "Quid me tuissas? tuissa famulos tuos."
1 In the edition by Wynkyn de Worde, 1516, this and the words following are all
printed with Y instead of 3. In the copy of Pynson's edit. Roy. Libr. Brit. Mus., the
following note is written : — " All these wordes of 3 we pronounce wjth Y at this daye, and
some of these 3 here vsed haue that place of G in oure spekinge and writinge at this daye,
1599."
2 Compare GANYNGE, or 3anynge, supra, p. 185. See Glossary, Wycl. Version, v. 3anynge,
3eneden — gaped, &c. " I yane, I gaspe or gape, Je bailie." PALSG. Ang. S. Ganian,
oscitare; Ganung, oscitatio.
3 In the Vision of Piers Ploughman workmen are mentioned "that wroghten ful yerne,"
v. 4015. Ang. S. Georn, diligens.
4 Compare OARWYNDYLLE, supra, p. 188, and see the notes there given.
* " Yarowe, mylfoile, an herbe, JEnreue." PALSG. Forby mentions, under plants of
omen, a singular mode of divination practised in Norfolk by means of the yarrow, Achilltea
millefolium, there called Yarroway. One of the serrated leaves is used to tickle the inside
of the nostrils, whilst the following distich is repeated. If blood follows this charm, success
in courtship is held to be certain :
" Yarroway, yarroway, bear a white blow;
If my love love me, my nose will bleed now."
See Forby's Vocab. E. Angl., App. p. 424. The omen may possibly have been regarded
as of greater value by the use of this particular plant because it was a homely remedy
against bleeding. Thus Langham, in his Garden of Health, says of " Milfoyle or Yarrowe
— stampe it and apply it to wounds to stop the blood, and to atop bleeding at the nose."
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
537
JE (3owe, P.) Vos.
JEVE COUNSEL (jeuyn, K. jecownsel,
s.) Consulo, CATH.
JEDDYNGE, or geest, idem quod
GEEST (or rowmamnce, supra.
3eddingeoriest. swpramiest,1?.)
JELDYNGE. Reddicio.
JELDON' (or qvytyn', supra.}
Reddo.
JELDON', or rewardyn'. Retribuo,
rependo, impendo.
JEELDE }>E GOOST, or deyyfi'.
JExpiro, exalo.
JELKE, of an eye (ey, K. s. egge,
P.) Vitellus.
JELLYN', or hydowsly cryyn'. Vo~
ciferor, CATH.
JELLYNGE, or hydows cryynge.
Vociferacio.
JELPYNGE, or boostynge. Jac-
tancia, arrogancia.
gELHWE of colure (jelwe, K. K.
3elhewe, s. jelowe colowre, p.)
Glaucus.
gELHw, colowre of 3elhwnesse (36!-
wenesse of colour, K. 3elhew-
nesse, s. 3elownesse or yelowe
colowre, P.) Glaucedo.
, or 3evyn' (3euyn, K. 3on or
3evyn, s. 3en or 3euyn, p.) Do
confero, tribuo, dono, prebeo.
', or 3eue leve (3euyn or
leue, P.) Licencio.
£EEM,2 or 3eve soke Qeuyn sokyn,
K. 3eue or 3eve, s. 3en, H. 30116
souke, P.) Lacto.
JEEN, or 3eve stede and place
(3euyn, K. 3en, H. 3eve, or 3evyn
sted or place, s. 3eue, p.) Cedo.
JERE. Annus.
JERE BE JERE, or 3erly. Annu-
atim.
JERDAY. Anniversarius, vet anni-
versarium.
JERD, or 3orde (3eard or 3ord, s.
3erde or court, P.) Ortus.
JERDE, baleys. Virga.
JERDE, metwande. Ulna.
(JERESEFFE, s. Encennium.}
JERDE, borne a-forne a worthy man
(before, &c. s . ) Quiris, UG. v. in A.
JERD, rope of a 3eyle 3erde (3erd
or seyle 3erde, s.) Apifera, CATH.
JELSPE, handfulle (3espe, K. H.
3elpe, s. 3espyn, p.)3 Vola, UG.
et DIST.
JEEST, berme. Spuma.
^ET. Adhuc.
JEETYN', or sey 366 (3etyn or seyn
3a wit worchepe, K. 3etyn or sey
36 with worship, p. yeyn or sey
ye, w.) Voso.
1 Sic, but printed — gest— by Pynson, supra. See Halliwell's Diet. v. jeddinges, tales,
&c. 2 Sic MS. Probably an error of the copyist.
3 Bishop Kennett gives, as a North-country word, " A Goping full, a Goppen full,— as
much as can be held between two hands " Lansd. MS. 1033. See also Brockett, v.
Gowpen,a handful, e.g. gold in gowpens. Isl. gaupn; Su. Goth, goepn, manus concava.
" Deus mayns ensemple vudes ou pleynes
En Fraunce sount nomes le galeynes (jyspun),
Car mieux voudroie petite poignee (a littel honfol),
De gyngyuere ben tryee,
Que seyse cente galeynes (3yspones)
De filaundre (of gosesomerj totes pleynes." — G. de Bibelesworth.
" Jointe, a joynt or double handfull of asjnuch as can be held within both hands together.
In some countries of England it is called ayeaspen, in others a Goppen-ful of." COTO. *' A
yaspin, or handful, TVa." GOULDM. See N. and Q. 2d Ser. vol. x. p. 210, 276, 375.
638
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
(jETYN METALL, K. $etjlQ. Of jete
metel, H. 3etyn, r.1 Fundo.}
JETYNGE, of metelle, as bellys,
pannys, potys, and other lyke.
Fusio, CATH.
JYTYNGE, wythe wurchyp seyynge
36, and not thow (3etynge, K.
seynge 36 not bu, s.) Vosacio.*
JEVE METE. Dapino, UG.
(JEVYN', or 3eve, supra ; 3enyn, su-
pra in yen, P. _Do.)
(JEN SOUKE, supra in 3eue souke, P.)
JEVE HANSAYLE. StreilO, UG. in
stupeo.
JEVE TALE, or rekkyn* (reknyn, p.)
Curo.
JEVYNGE. Dacio, donacio.
gYFTE. Munus, donum, (dona-
rium, P.)
JYFTE, of lytylle. valew, as perys,
appullys, or other lyke. Colli-
bium, c. F.
, 3ove for wurschyppy(n)ge
(3ouyn for worchepynge, K. for
worship, p.) Honorarium, c. F.
clinodium, UG. v. in A.
, 3ove to a dere frende for
love. Amamen, UG. v. in A.
JYFTE, 3ove to a lorde or mayster
at certeyne tymys. Nefrendi-
cium, CATH. et UG. in frendere.
gYFTE, of grace. Carisma, c. F.
£YKYN' (3ekyn, K. or ykyn, s.)
Prurio.
gYKYNGE, or 3ykth'e 3 (5ykyng or
yschyng, s. 3ekyn or yeketh, p.)
Pruritus, prurigo, UG. v. in L.
JYMANNE, or 3omanne. Valectus.
JYPPYN', as bryddys.4 Pululo (pu-
pilo, s.pupulo, P.)
1 "To ^eti,fundere,fusare. To jett be-twene, jettyd, ^ettyd in, &c. A ^ettynge place,
fusorium." CA.TH.ANG. " Fundo, to jete to. Fusilis, multe and yote as a belle (al.
molten and shoten, &c.) Fusorium, in quo aliquod aifunditur, a yeetyng panne." MED.
In the north country dialect a small vessel or boiler is called a yetling, probably from
being of cast metal. See Brockett and Jamieson v. Yetland. Cecilia de Homeldon, in
1407, bequeaths " unum jettelyng et unum pelvem; item, unam ollam eream et unum
jetlyng," &c. Wills and Invent., Surtees Soc. Elyot renders Statuaria, " the crafte of
grauynge or yettyng of ymages." See supra, p. 30, BELLEJTARE (al. bellejeter), a bell-
founder; a term of which the tradition is preserved in Billiter Lane, London, the locality
where foundries were anciently established. Ang. Sax. Geota,n,fundere; Geotere, fusor.
2 Compare the notes on }>OWTON , supra , p. 535. Pasquier, in his Recherches de la France
(liv. viii. c. 4), there citfed, gives very curious details concerning the etiquette in ancient
times of thus addressing a superior. He cites, as the earliest instance known to him of such
use of the plural pronoun, a letter of Pliny to the Emperor Trajan, in which the expression
"indulgentia vestra'1'' occurs; and he shows the prevalence of such a practice in later
periods. See Ducange, v. Vobisare, and Vosare. An epistle, dated 1432, is there cited,
in which the writer craves his friend's indulgence for addressing him, in the manner of
holy writ, in the singular instead of the plural, — " nam et Christus magister omnium
neminem umquam legitur vobisasse." Marten. Ampl. Coll. t. viii. col. 177. Erasmus,
" barbaros irridens," uses the words vossitare and vobissitare. " To je, vosare."1"1 CATH.
ANG. " Vpso, dicitur a vos, Anglice, to se." ORTUS.
8 Before the 3 in this word is apparently an I, through which a line is drawn as if for
erasure. Compare ICHYN', or ykyn', or jykyn', supra, p. 258, and ICCHE, or jiche, p. 259.
" Prurio, to jeke." MED. "Porrigo, jokynge." Vocab. Roy. MS. " To jeke, prurire.
A jeke, impetigo, scaturigo, &c." CATH. ANG. See Brockett, N. Country Gloss., v. Yeuky,
Prurient; Yeuk, yuck, to itch, &c. Ang. Sax/gicenes and gicj>a, pruritus.
* Compare PYPYN, or ^yppe, as henn byrdys, pipio, pipulo, and PYPYNGE, crye of
jonge bryddys, mpra, p. 401.
PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
539
JYS. Ita, eciam.
gYSTYRDAY. Heri.
JYXYN' (yexen, w.)1 Singulcio,
CATH. singulto, CATH.
;$YXYNGE. Singultus, CATH. et ibi-
dem secundum phisicos.
gOKKE. Jugum.
gOKKE BEESTY8 (jok, 8. jOckyn, P.
yoken, w.) Jugo, CATH. injugo,
KYLW.
JOWRE. Vester.
JOLDE MANNE, yn werre. Daticius.
(gONGE HORSE, S. PullllS.)
. Juvenis.
CHYLDE. Infans, infantu-
lus, puerulus.
gUNGE MAYDENE. JuvenCuld.
JUNGE MANNE. Adolescens, adoles-
centulus.
JUNGTH'E (yought, w.) Juventus.
The two following paragraphs and distich are found at the end in the
MS. in the Library at King's College, Cambridge :
*ff Explicit liber dictus Promptorius Parvulorum, secundum vulgarem
modum loquendi orientalium Anglorum.
^[ Quicunque alterius patrie vocabula a dicte patrie vocabulis, aut
litera aut sillaba aliquo modo discrepancia, voluerit in hoc libro inserere,
caveat, obsecro, ut semper secunda litera cum prima observetur; ut puta,
non scribat — Hond, pro Hande, nee Nose, pro Nese, — in locis debitis, secun-
dum vocem literarum scribantur; vel sic scribat — Hand or honde, Nese or
nose, — et sic de aliis; quia aliter liber cito viciabitur, et ordo scribendi
confundetur, ac scrutatores vocabulorum in scrutando deficient, dum ea que
scrutabuntur in locis debitis non inveniantur.2
f Nunc finem fixi, penitet me si male scripsi,
Qui legit emendat, scriptorem ne reprehendat.
The following colophon is in the edition printed by Pynson :
f Ad laudem et ad honorem omnipotentis dei. et intemerate genitricis
ejus. Finit excellentissimum opus exiguis magnisque scolasticis utilissimum
quod nuncupatur Medulla grammatice. Inpressum per egregium Richardum
pynson. in expensis virtuosorum virorum Fredrici egmondt et Petri post
pascha. anno domini. M.cccc. nonagesimo nono. Decima va. die mensis Maii.
1 In Arund. MS. 42, f. 28. it is said of " Anet— the sed coct, and al hot put to J>e
nostrelle, soffreth no3t to galpyn, ne to rospyn, ne to jexyn." "To jyske, singultire.
A 3iskynge, s-ingultus." CATH. ANG. " I yeske, I gyve a noyse out of my stomacke, Je
engloute. Whan he yesketh next tell hym some straunge newes and he shall leave it.
Yeske that cometh of the stotnake, sanglout. Yexing, hocquet." PALSG. " Senglot, the
hickocke or yexing." COTG. Gerarde observes that rhubarb is commended by Dioscorides
as a remedy for «• Yexing or the Hicket;" and, in Andrew Boorde's Breviary of Health,
c. 32-5, " doth shewe of yexing or the hieket : singultKS is the Latin word; in English it is
named the yexe or the hieket, and of some the dronken man's cough." A race of green
ginger, he adds, is an excellent remedy. Dr. W. Turner assures us that the broth of leaves
and seed of dill " swageth ye hichkoke." Chaucer uses the word yexing as signifying
sobbing. Test, of Love, 1, f. 272 b.
2 This admonitory note occurs in the Harl. MS. at the beginning, as printed p. 4, supra,
slightly differing from that given above from the King's Coll. MS. in which alone the
distich is found.
540 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.
The following notice and colophon are found at the end in the editions
by Wynkyn de Worde :
AD LECTOREM.
^[ And yf ye can not fynde a laten worde, or englysshe worde acordynge
to your purpose, in thys present boke so shall ye take ortus vocabulorum,
the whyche is more redyer to fynden a latyn worde after the ABC. and
englysshe therof folowynge for thys boke is thus ordened for to fynde a
laten after ony maner of worde in: englysshe for them that wyl lerne to
wryte or speke latyn. and because that no man or chylde shall herafter
haue ony diffyculte more to serche for ony latyn or englysshe worde. ther-
fore we haue ordened this lybell in smal volum for to bynde with Ortus
vtcabulorum moost necessary for chyldren.
^[ Ad laudem et honorem omnipotentis dei et intemerate genitricis eius
finit excellentissimum opus scolasticis anglie quam niaxime necessarium.
quod merito medulla grammatices apud nos, vel paruulorum promptua-
rium nuncupatur. Impressum Londoniis per wynandum de worde in vico
anglice (the fiete strete) appellate sub solis intersignio commorantem.
Anno domini. M.CCCCC. xvi. die vero v. mensis Septembris.
In the edition by Julian Notary the same notice to the reader is found
at the end, with the following colophon :
^[ Ad laudem et honorem omnipotentis dei et intemerate genitricis eius
finit excellentissimum opus scolasticis anglie quam maxime necessarium,
quod Nominale et verbale iam apud nos promptorium paruulorum seu me-
dula (sic) grammatice nuncupatur. Impressum per egregium Julianum
notarfum Impressorem commorantem extra temple barre sub Intersignio
Sanctorum trium regum, et venundatur a.pud bibliopolas in cimiterio
sancti pauli in opulentissima ciuitate londoii. Anno domini millesimo
ccccc. Octauo xii. die Augusti.
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
In this Index are given the principal words which are irregularly spelled, together with their
modern spelling. Those archaic words are consequently omitted which have no modern ortho-
graphy. It has not been thought necessary to enlarge the index by the insertion of those words
which, although somewhat irregularly spelled, are but little out of their alphabetical place. As has
been stated in the Advertisement, p. vii., the sole object has been to facilitate the reference to such
words as are mis-spelled and considerably out of place.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Abashed
A-baschyd
5
Archdeacon
Erchedekene
141
Abate, to
Batyn
26
Archpriest
Erchepreste
141
Abele (tree)
Awbel
17
Array, to
A-rayn
13
Ache
Ake
8
Arsenic
Assenel
15
Acolyte
Colytte
88
Ash (tree)
Esche
143
Acorn
Accorne, 6 ; Okorn,
361
Ashamed
A-schamyd
15
Acquaintance
A-queyntawnse
13
Aside
A-cyde
16
Acquit, to
Aqwytyn
13
Aslant
Aslet
15
Acre
Akyr
8
Aspen
Espe
143
Adder
Eddyr
135
Assent
Acent
5
Admiral
Amerel
11
Assign, to
A cynen
16
Adulterer
A-vowtere
19
Assize
Syse
456
Advantage
A-vantage
17
Astrolabe
Astyllabyre
16
Adventure, to
Awntron
19
Attach, to
Tachyn
485
Advisement
Avysement
18
Aunt
Awnte
19
Afar
A-ferre
7
Authority
Awtoryte
20
Afraid
A-ferde
7
Author
Awtowre
20
Again
A-jene
20
Avail, to
Vaylyn
507
Against
A-jens
20
Awkward
Awke
18
Aglet
Agglot
8
Axe
Ex
144
Air
Eyar
137
Axletree
Exultre
145
Alb
Awbe
17
Azure
Asure
16
Algorism
Awgrym
18
Allay
Aleggyn
9
Baboon
Babewyn
20
Alliance
Alyaunce
10
Back
Bakke
21
Alms
Elmes
138
Backbite, to
Bagbytyn
21
Almoner
Awmbrere
18
Badge
Bage
20
Alphabet
A-pece
12
Bailiff
Baly
22
Altar
Awtere
20
Bait, to
Beyton
29
Always
Algatys
9
Bake-house
Bakhowse
21
Amber
Awmyr
19
Bald
Ballyd
22
Ambler (horse)
Awmblare
19
Balm
Bawme
27
Ambry
Almary, 10 ; Awmebry, 18
Ban-dog
Bondogge
43
Ancestor
Awncetyr
19
Bark, to
Berkyn
32
Anchor
Ankyr
12
Barm
Berme
32
Anchorite
Ankyr
13
Barn
Berne
33
Andiron
Awnderne
19
Barrow
Barowe
25
Angel
Awngel
19
Barter, to
Bartryn
25
Aniseed
Aneys seede
11
Base
Bace
20
Anoint, to
Enoyntyn
140
Bass (fish)
Bace
20
Arbalest
Ablaste
9
Bat (bird)
Bakke
21
Archbishop
Erchebuschoppe
141
Batch
Bahche
21
542
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Modern word.
Promptoriuin word.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Bauble (a jester's)
Babulle
20
Bridge
Brygge
51
Beacon
Beekne
29
Brimstone
Brunstone .
54
Beaker
Byker
35
Bristle
Brustyl
54
Beam
Beeme
30
Brittle
Brokdol
53
Beat, to
Battyn
26
Broach (a cask), to
Abbrochyn
5
Beat, to
Betyn
34
Bruise, to
Brosyn
52
Beatrice
Bete
34
Bruised
Brysyde
52
Beaver
Bevyr
34
Bubble, to
Burblon
56
Beauty
Bewte
35
Bucket
Bokett
42
Beckon, to
Beken, Beknyn
29
Buckle
Bocle
41
Beef
Byffe
28
Buckle maker
Bokulle makere
42
Before
A-forne
7
Buckler
Bokelere
42
Before-hand
A-fornande
7
Buffet
Bofet
41
Beguile, to
Bygylyn
28
Build
Byggyn,
35
Behead, to
Hedyn
231
Building
Beeldynge
30
Belief
Belevenesse
30
Bull
Boole
43
Believe, to
Levyn
301
Bullace
Bolas
42
Beseech, to
Becekyn
27
Burden
Byrdune
36
Beseem, to
Becemyn, 27 ; Cemyn
,66
Burn, to
Brennyn
49
Beset, to
Besyttyn
27
Bury, to
Byryn
36
Beside
Becydyn
27
Bushel
Byschelle, 37 ; byscel
, 56
Best of all
Aldyrbeste
9
Busy
Bysy
37
Bewray, to
Bewrethyn
34
Butcher
Bochere
41
Betwixt
A-twyxyn
17
Butler
Botlere
45
Beverage
Beuereche
34
Butt, to
Burton
56
Bicker, to
Bekeryn
36
Butter
Boture
46
Bier
Beere
32
Butterfly
Boturflye
46
Bin
Bynge
36
Buttery
Boterye
45
Bird
Bryd
50
Buttress
Boteras
45
Birdlime
Brydelyme
50
Buy, to
Byyn
36
Bitch
Bycche
35
Buyer
Byare
35
Black
Bleke
39
Buying, a
Eyeing
37
Blaze
Blese
39
Buzzard
Bosarde
45
Blazon, to
Blasyn
38
Bleach cloth, to
Bleykclothe
39
Cable
Kable
2G9
Bleak
Bleyke
39
Cackle
Gagelyn
184
Blithely
Bleyly
40
Cage
Kage
269
Blue
Bloo
40
Cake
Kake
269
Blubber
Blobure
40
Caldron
Cawdron
64
Boast, to
Booston
45
Calendar
Kalendere
26.9
Borough
Burwhe
56
Call, to
Kallyn
269
Boss
Boce
41
Canon
Chanone
69
Botcher
Botchare-
42
Capital
Capytle
61
Boulter
Bulture
55
Chapyttyi
69
Bowl
Bolle
43
Car (copse of trees)
Ker
272
Box
Boyste
42
Card
Karde
269
Boy
Bey
29
Carrion
Caranye
61
Bye
35
Carve, to
Kervyn
273
Bramble
Brymbyll
51
Case
Kace
269
Bran
Bren, 49 ; Brenne
51
Catch, to
Kacchyn
269
Brand
Bronde
53
Catcher
Cahchare
57
Breadth
Bretise (bretecke}
Brede
Betrax
49
50
Catchpole
Caul
Cahchpolle
Kelle
58
270
Brewer
Browstar
54 Cease, to
Secyn
451
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
543
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Cedar
Sedyr
451
Compline
Cumplyne
109
Cell
Selle
452
Conduit
Cundyte
109
Certain
Cetwale
Serteyne
Setuale
453
454
Congealed
Conger
Congellyd,wu. Gellyd,
Cungyr
190
109
Chain
Cheyne
72
Constable
Cunstable
109
Chamber
Chawmbyr
70
Cook
Koke
281
Champion
Campyon
60
Cooper
Cowpare
99
Chancel
Chauncel
71
Copious
Copyowse
92
Chancellor
Chaunceler
71
Coroner
Crownere
105
Chandler
Candelere
60
Cough, to
Cowyn
97
Change, to
Chawngyn
71
Coulter
Culter
108
Changer (of money)
Chawniore
71
Countenance
Cuntenawnce
109
Chantry
Chawnterye
71
Country
Cuntre
109
Charger (dish)
Charyowre
70
Courser
Corsoure
94
Chasuble
Chesypylle
73
Court
Cowrte
94
Chatter, to
Chyteryn
76
Courtesy
Curtesye
111
Checquer (table)
Chekyr
72
Courtier
Coortyowre
94
Chieftain
Cheuetun
73
Cousin
Cosyn
94
Choke, to
Chekyn
72
Cradle
Credel
101
Chough
Cadaw
57
Croak, to
Crowken
105
Coo, 84; Keo, 272; Koo,
280
Crown
Corowne
93
Choose, to
Chesyn
73
Crumb
Crombe
104
Chronicle
Crony cle
104
Cubit
Kybyte
274
Church
Chyrche
75
Cucking-stool
Cukstoke, 106; Kukstole,
Churl
Cherelle
72
281
Churlish
Chorlysche
77
Cuckold
Cokolde
86
Churn
Chyrne
76
Cuckoo
Kukow
281
Cider
Cedyr 64 ; Sedyr
451
Cumin
Comyn
89
Cinder
Syndyr
456
Cup
Cowpe
99
Circle
Ceercle 66 ; Sercle
453
Curious
Coryowse
93
Circumcision
Syrcumsycyon
456
Currier
Coryowre
93
Cistern
Sesterne
454
Cutler
Cotelere
96
Clasp
Clospe
83
Cuttle (fish)
Coduile, 85 ; Cotul
96
Cleave, to
Clyvyn
82
Cymbal
Chymme belle, 75 ; Sym-
Climb, to
Clymyn
82
bale, 456
Clip, to
Cloyed
Clyppyn
A-cloyed
82
6
Cypress
Syprees
456
Coal
Cole 86, 87
Daffodil
Affodylle
7
Coat
Koote
281
Dais
Dese
119
Coat armour
Cote armure
95
Darkness
Dyrkenesse
121
Cock
Kok
281
Darling
Derlynge
119
Cock-bird
Cokkebyrde
86
Darnel
Dernel
119
Cock-crowing
Cokkrowynge
86
Daughter
Doster
129
Cockney
Coknay 86 ; Kokeney,
281
Dean
Deene
118
Coif
Coyfe
86
Dear
Dere
119
Coin
Cune, 109; Kuny
282
Dearth
Derthe
119
Coiner
Coynowre
90
Debate, to
Batyn
26
Comb, to
Kemyn
270
Debt
Dette
120
Come, to
Cum
108
Declension
Clenzon
81
Comely
Cumly
108
Decline, to
Clynyn
82
Comfrey
Cowmfory
97
Deep
Depe
118
Company
Cumpany
108
Defence
Fence
155
Compass
Cumpasse
109
Despoil, to
Dyspoylyn
123
CAMD. SOC.
4 A
544
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Modern word.
Destroyer
Stroy
480
Espy
Disturber
Dystrobelar
123
Essayed
Ditty
Dyte
123
Evil
Divinity
Deuynite
120
Exchequer
Dolphin
Delfyne, s.v. Brunswyne, 54
Expense
Dosser
Docere,l25;
Dorcere, 127
Executor
Double
Dubbylle
134
Eyebrow
Double, to
Dobelyn
125
Eyelet
Doublet
Dobbelet
124
Dough-trough
Dowe trowe
129
Faint
Doughty
Dowsty
129
Fair
Dove-house
Dwfhowus
135
Faith
Due
Dewe
120
Falchion
Duck
Dooke
125
Falcon
Dung
Donge
127
Far
Dwarf
Dwerowe
134
Farm, to
Farm
Each
Iche
258
Farrier
Eager
Eager (flow of tide)
Egyr
Akyr
136
8
Farthing
Fasten, to
Eagle
Egyl
136
Fat
Ear
Ere
141
Father
Earl
Erie
141
Fathom
Early
Erly
141
Fault
Earnest
Arneste
14
Fealty
Earth
Erye
141
Fear
Earthen
Eryyn
141
Feast
Earthly
Erthely
143
Feel, to
Earwig
Arwygyll,15;
Erwygle,l43
Fellow
Ease
Ese
143
Felly
East
Est
143
Fennel
Easter
Eesterne
143
Feretory
Eat, to
Etyn
143
Ferret
Eaves
Evese
144
Ferrule
Eclipse
Clyppice
82
Fetters
Eel
Ele
137
Fever
Eel-spear
Elyer
138
Field
Electuary
Letuarye
300
Fiend
Elder (tree)
Hyldyr
239
Fierce
Elias
Elyce
138
Fight
Ember
Eymbre
136
First
Embroidered
Browdyd
53
Flail
Enable, to
Ablyn
5
Flame
Encumbered
A-comeryd
6
Flay, to
Endure, to
Duryn
135
Flaying
Enjoin, to
Inioynon
264
Fledged
Entice, to
Intycyn
262
Flicker, to
Entrail
Intrayle
262
Flitch
Envy
Invye
263
Foam
Errand
Ernde
141
Foetnan
Escheat
Achetyn
6
Follow, to
Eschew
Achwyn
6
Font
Escutcheon
Scotchyne
449
Ford
Promptorium word.
Aspyyn
15
A-sayyd
15
Ivyl
266
Chekyr
72
Spence
468
Seketowre
451
Bryne, of the eye
51
Olyet
363
Feynt
153
Feyyr
153
Feythe
153
Fawchun
152
Fawkon
152
Fer
156
Fermyn
157
Feerme
156
Ferrowre
157
Ferthyn
158
Festyn
158
Fet
159
Fadyr
145
Fadme
145
Fawte
152
Fewte
159
Feer
156
Feeste
158
Felyn
154
Fela
153
Felwe
154
Fenkyl
155
Feertyr
157
Forette
171
Vyrolfe
510
Federys, 152 ; fetyr
J59
Fyvere
163
Feelde
154
Feende
155
Fersse
156
Feyghte
153
Furst
183
Fleyl
165
Flavrme
164
Fleen
166
Fleynge
166
Flygge
167
Flekeryn
165
Flykke
167
Foome
169
Foman
169
Folwyn
169
Funt
182
Foorde
174
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
545
Modern word.
Promptoriun
Forget, to
Forjetyn
Forgive, to
Foryevyn
Foundling
Four
Fundelynge
Fowyr
Frail
Freyl
Frail, a
Frayle
Friar
Frere
Freckle
Frakine
Friend
Freend
Frontal
Fruntelle
Fuel
Fowayle
Funnel
Fonel
Furrure
Furwre
Furbish, to
Foorbyschyn
Furrow
Fore
Further, to
Forderyn
Furze
Fyrrys
Gaoler
laylere
Garner
Gernere
Gate
Yate
Gather, to
Gaderyn
Gelt
Galte
Gest
Geeste
Gewgaw
Gugaw
Ghost
Gooste
Giant
Geawnt
Give, to
Yeve
Glancing
Glacynge
Glaze, to
Glacyn
Gnaw, to
Knawyu
Goat
Goot
Gourd
Goord
Gouty
Gotows
Graft, to
Gryffyn
Grain
Greyne
Grandsire
Grawnsyre
Grange
Grawnge
Grass
Gresse
Grease
Grees
Grievance
Grevawnce
Groan, to
Gronyn
Great
Grete
Grin, to
Grennyn
Groat
Grote
Groom
Grome
Gruel
Growelle
Guage, to
Gawgyn
Gudgeon
Goione
Guess, to
Gessyn
Guest
Gest
Guide, to
Gyyn
Guild
Gyylde
Modern word.
Promptoriuin word.
174
Guile
Gyle
194
174
Guilt
Gylte
194
182
Guise
Gyse
195
175
Gullet
Golet
202
177
Gum (of the mouth)
Gome
202
175
Gurgoyl
Gargulye
186
178
Gutter
Gotere
206
176
178
Habit
Abyte
5
181
Hack, to
Hakkyn
221
174
Hackney
Hakeney
221
170
Hail, to
Heylyn
233
183
Hair
Heer
235
170
Hale
Heyl
233
171
Halter
Heltyr
235
171
Harbour, to
Herberwyn
236
162
Hart
Hert
237
Harvest
Herueste
238
256
Hasp
Hespe
238
190
Hatch
Hecche, s. v. Hec
231
536
Hatched
Hetchyd
232
184
Hay
Hey
232
185
Haystack
Hey stak
233
191
Hay- ward
Hey ward
234
218
Health
Heele
234
205
Heap, to
Hepyn
235
189
Hear, to
Heryn
237
537-8
Hearken, to
Herkyn
237
197
Hearse
Heerce
236
197
Heart
Hert
237
278
Hearth
Herthe
237
205
Hearty
Herty
238
203
Heat
Hete
238
206
Heath
Hethe
238
212
Heathen
Hethynne
239
209
Heaven
Hevene
239
208-
Heavy
Hevy
239
208
Heel
Hele
234
210
Heifer
Hekfere
234
210-
Heir
Eyyr
137
211
Hellebore
Elebre
138
214
Hemlock
Humlok
253
210
Henchman
Heyncemann
233
210
Herald
Herowde
237
214
Herb
Erbe
140
213
Herbary
Erbare
140
215
Herd
Heerde
236
189
Heresy
Erysy
141
201
Heritage
Erytage
141
190
Hermit
Ermyte
141
191
Heron
Heern
237
193
High bench
Hey benche
232
103
Higre (flow of tide)
Akyr
8
546
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Hinge
Hengyl
235
Kind
Keende
271
Hoard
Hoord
246
Kiss
Cus, 111 ; Kus
282
Hoarseness
Hooshede
248
Knolling
Knyllynge
279
Holiday
Halyday
222
Holy water
Haly water
223
Ladder
Leddere
293
Hoot, to
Howtyn
251
Lamb
Lombe
312
Housewife
Huswyfe
255
Lamp
Lawmpe
290
Huckster
Hwkstare
252
Lamprey
Lawmpery
290
Hugh
Howe
250
Lancet
Lawncent
290
Hurdle
Hyrdyl
241
Land
Lond
312
Hutch
Hoche
242
Last
Leste
298
Hymn
Inane
250
Laurel
Loryel
313
Hypocrite
Ipocrite
266
Lay, to
Leyn
294
Hyssop
Isope
266
Layer
Leyare
294
Lead
Le'ed
292
Icicle
Ikyli
259
Lead, to
Ledyn
292
Incense
Cense, 66 ; Sence
452
Lean
Lene
296
Incline, to
Clyne
82
Lean, to
Leynyn
295
Increase, to
Incresyn
261
Leap
T
Leep
297
Indent, to
Dentyu
118
Leaping
Lowpynge
316
Indict, to
Dytyn
123
Learn, to
Leryn
298
Indict, or Indite, to
Endytyn
139
Leash
Leece, 291; Lees
298
Indite, to
Dytyn
123
Least of all
Aldyrleste
9
Infirmary
Fermerye
157
Leather
Ledyr
293
Inter, to
Entyryn
140
Leave
Leve
300
Interfere, to
Entyrferyn
140
Leave, to
Leevyn
301
Intermit, to
Entyrmentyn
140
Leaven
Leveyne
300
Ireland
Eerlonde
141
Lectern
Leterone
299
Island
Ilde
259
Leech
Leche
291
Itch
Icche
259
Leisure
Leysere
295
Leopard
Labbarde
291
Jaw
I owe
265
Let, to
Latyn
289
Jealous
Gelows
190
Lick, to
Lykkyn
305
Jelly
Gelle
190
Lime, or linden(tree)
Lyynde tre
305
Jet
Geete
191
Ling (fish)
Leenge
296
Jetty
Getee
192
Liquor
Lycure
303
Jew
Ive
266
Litany
Letanye
299
Jewel
lowel
265
Little
Lytyll
308
Jewry
Ivrye
267
Lizard
Lesarde
298
Jingle, to
Gyngelyn
195
Loan
Lone
312
Joan
lone
264
Loathe, to
Lothyn
316
John
Ion
264
Lock, to
Lokkyn
311
Joiner
lonyowre
264
Look, to
Lokyn
311
Joist
Gyyste
196
Lozenge
Losange
313
Jordan almond
lardyne almaunde
257
Luke-warm
Lewke
302
Journal
Journey
Joust, to
Juggler
lurnalle
lurney
lustyn
logulowre
268
268
268
263
Meat, to give
Minor Friar
Most of all
Yeve mete
Menour Frere
Aldyrmoste
538
333
9
Tuice
jupe
lows
lowpe
265
265
Next of all
Nonce, for the
Aldyrnexte
For the nonys
9
173
Kernel
Kurnel
276 j Oblong
Auelonge
17
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
547
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Modern word.
Promptoriun
Offence
A-Fence
7
Searcher
Cereiowre
Old
Elde
518
Season
Cesun
Oppose, to
Aposen
13
Sesun
Owl
Howie
250
Seat
Seete
Secure
Cykyr
Parget, to
Spargettyn 384,
467
Sykyr
Pawn (chess-piece)
Powne
411
Sedge
Cegge
Peach
Peche, 338 ; peske
395
Seed
Ceede
Peal (of bells)
A-pele
13
Seek, to
Cekyn
Pheasant
Fesawnt
158
Seem, to
Cemyn
Phial
Fyal
159
Seemliness
Cemelynesse
Philosopher
Fylzofyr
160
Seemly
Cemely
Phlegm
Flew
167
Seen
Cene
Phlegmatic
Flewematyke
167
Seethe, to
Cethyn
Physiognomy
Fysnomye
163
— _
Sethyn
Physician
Fysycian
163
Seized
Sesonyd
Pledge
A-plegge, 13 ; Plegge,
404
Seisin
Cesone
Porcupine
Poorke poynt
409
Seizin, to give
Sesyn
Pretty
Praty
411
Seldom
Ceeldam
Psalter
Sawter
442
Sell, to
Cellyn
Puddle
Podel,406; Poyel
411
Send, to
Cendyn
Push, to
Posson
410
Sentence
Centence
Serious
Ceryows
Quinsey
Sqwynacye
471
Serjeant
Ceriawnt
Quoit
Coyte
86
Servant
Ceriawnte
Service
Ceruyce
Reach, to
A-rechyn
14
Serviceable
Ceruycyable
Resty
A-reste
14
Set
Cette
Roof-tree
Ruff-tree
439
Seven
Cevene
Run, to
Rennyn
429
Sew, to
Sowe
Sewer
Ceware
Sack
Cek, 64 ; Sek
451
Sexton
Cexteyne
Sage
Sawge
441
Shackle, to
Schaklyn
Sail
Ceyle, 65; Seyl
451
Shadow
Schadowe
Saint
Seynt
451
Shaft
Schaft
Sand
Sond
464
Shake, to
Schakyn
Satchel
Cechelle, 64; Sechelle,
451
Shame
Schame
Say, to
Seyn
451
Shank
Schanke
Scabbard
Scawbert
443
Shape
Schap
Sceptre
Ceptyr, 66; Septer
453
Share
Schare
Schismatic
Cysmatyke
78
Sharp
Scharpe
Sysmatyk
456
Shave
Schave
Scion
Syvn
457
Sheaf
Scheffe
Scissors
Cysoure
78
Shear, to
Scheryn
Scum
Scome
449
Shearman
Scharman
Scythe
Sea
Sythe
Cee
457
64
Shears
Sheath
Schere
Schede
Seal
Ceel, 65; Sele
453
Shed
Schudde
Seal (fish)
Ceel
65
, to
Schedyn
Seam
Ceem, 65 ; Seem
452
Sheep
Scheep
Sea-mew
Semow
452
Sheet
Schete
Search, to
Cergyn
67
Shelf
Schelfe
Search, to
Seergyn
453
Shell
Schelle
67
67
454
454
77
456
64
64
65
66
66
65
66
67
454
454
67
454
65
65
66
66
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
466
67
67
443
443
443
443
443
444
444
444
444
444
444
445
444
445
444
449
444
445
445
445
444
548
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Shell, to
Schyllyn
446
Sift, to
' Cyftyn
77,79
Shend, to
Schendyn
445
Sigh, to
Syhghyn
455
Sherd, or shard
Scherde
445
Sighing
Cyynge
77
Sheriff
Schyreve
447
Sign
Ceny, 66 ;
Cyne 78
Shew, to
Schewyn
446
Seny
453
Shield
Scheelde
444
.
Syne
456
Shift, to
Schyftyn
446
Silk
Cylke
77
Shilling
Schyllynge
446
Silt
Cylte
77
Shin
Schynne
446
Silver
Cyluer
77
Shine, to
Schynyn
446
Simon
Cym
77
Shingle
Chyngyl
75
Simple
Cympylle
77
QoKirnrrirl
446
Sin
Cvnnc
78
Ship
Oislljr IJg y L
Schyppe
446
Since then
Sythethyn
457
Shire
Schyre
447
Sinew
Cynew
78
Shirt
Schyrt
447
Sing, to
Cyngyn
78
Shite, to
Schytyn
447
Singe, to
Seengyn
453
Shiver, to
Chyverin,76; Schyveryn,447
Single
Cengylle
66
Shivering
Chymerynge
75
Sengyl
453
Shock
Schokke
447
Sink
Cynke
78
Shod
Schod
447
Sink, to
Cynkyn
78
Shoe
Schoo
447
Sip, to
Cyppyn
78
Shoot, to
Schetyn
445
Sir
Cyyr
78
Shop
Schoppe
448
Sister
Cystyr
78
Shore
Schore
448
Sit, to
Cyttyn
78
Shorn
Schorne
448
Six
Cexe
67
Short
Schort
448
Sexe
454
Schort, in v. Scut
451
Skulker
Sculcare
451
Shoulder
Schuldyr
449
Slander
Sklawndyr
449
Shout
Schowte
448
Slate
Sklat
449
Shovel
Schovel
448
Slay, to
Sleen
459
Shower
Schowre
448
Slowness
Slawnesse
458
Shred
Schrede
448
Smoke, to
Smekyn
460
Shrew
Schrewe
449
Soak, to
Sokyn
463
Shriek, to
Schrykyn
449
Soap
Soope
465
Shrift
Schryfte
449
Socket
Soket
463
Shrill
Schylle
44S
Sodden
Sothen
467
Shrimp
Schrymp
449
Soil
Sule
484
Shrine
Schryne
449
Solder
Sowde
466
Shrink, to
Schrynkyn
449
Soldier
Sowdyowre
466
Shrive, to
Schryvyn
449
Some
Sum
484
Shrug, to
Schruggyn
449
Sooner
Sonnare
464
Shut, to
Schette
445
Sour
Sowre
519
Shuttle (cock)
Schytle
447
Souse
Sowce
466
Shy
Sib, (akin)
Schey
Cybbe, 77; Sybbe
444
455
Sparrow-hawk
Speak, to
Sperehawke
Spekyn
468
468
Sick
Cec
64
Spectacle
Speketacle
468
i
Seek
451
Sphere
Spere
468
Sickle
Cykylle
77
Spur
Spore
470
Sickness
Ceekenesse
65
Spy
Aspye
15
Side
Cyyde
77
Squeamish
Skeymowse,
457; swey-
Siege
Cege
64
mows, 482
Sieve
Cyve
78
Squirrel
Scorel
450
Syve
457 Stagger, to
Stakeryn
471
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
549
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Modern word.
Promptorium word.
Star
Sterre
474
Throne
Trone
503
Start, to
Starve, to
Styrtyn
Stervyn
476
474
Through
Thumb
Thurghe
Thowmbe
493
492
Stew
Stwe
481
Thurible Thorvble, 497 ; Turrible.
506
Steward
Styward
476
Tire (female dress)
A-tyre
17
Stile
Steyle
473
Tire, to
Terwyn
489
Stoop, to
Stowpyn
478
Toast
Toost
497
Store, to
Astoryn
16
Tomb
Tvmbe
505
Strainer
Strenyowre
479
Tongue
Tunge
506
Strain, to
Streynyn
479
Torment, to
Turmentyn
506
Strait
Streythe
479
Traitor
Tretowre
502
Strand
Strange
Stronde
Straunge
480
479
Treachery
Tread, to
Tretcherye
Tredyn
501
501
Strike
Strek
479
Treason
Tresun
502
Strike, to
Streykyn, Strekyn
479
Treasure
Tresoure
502
Stroke, to
Strekyn
479
Treat, to
Treton
502
Struggling
Strogelynge
480
Trefoil
Tryfolye
502
Stubble
Stobul
479
Trestle
Trostyll
503
Stubborn
Styburne
475
Trouble
Torble
497
Study, to
Stodyyn
476
Trouble, to
Turbelyn
481
Stumble, to
Stomelyn, 476 ; Stume-
Trust, to
Troston
503
lyn,
481
Truth
Trowthe
503
Stutter, to
Sub-deacon
Stotyn
Sodekene
477
462
Tug, to
Turd
Toggyn
Toord
495
497
Subtle
Sotyle
465
Turret
Toret
497
Such
Swyche
483
Tusk
Tosche
497
Suck, to
Socon
462
Two
To
495
Succour, to
Socowryn
462
Tyrant
Terawnte
489
Sucker
Sokere
463
Sudden
Sodeyne
462
Udder
Iddyr
258
Sue, to
Svyn
483
Suet
Swete
483
Vain
Veyyne
508
Sugar
Sukyr
484
Vane
Fane
148
Sultan
Sowdon
466
Varnish
Vernysche
509
Summer
Somer
464
Vat
Fate
151
Summon, to
Somownyn
464
Vault, to (a roof)
Vowtyn
512
Suppose, to
Soposyn
465
Vent
Fente
156
Swallow, to
Swelwyn
482
Verdigris
Verte Grece
509
Sword
Swerde
483
Verse
Veerce
508
two-handed
To hand swerd
495
Vetch
Fetche
153
Syllable
Cyllable
77
Victual
Vytaly
511
Syrup
Soryp
465
Vow
A-vowe
19
Tailor
Talyowre
486
Wadset, to
Wed setton
520
Tar, to
Terryn
489
Wail, to
Weylyn
520
Taste, to
A-tastyn
16
War
Werre
522
Tear
Teere
489
Wart
Werte, 523 ; Wrette,
533
Teat
Tete
489
Watch
Wetche
520
Thames, the
Temze
488
Way
Wey
520
Thaw
Thowe
492
Weapon
Wepne
522
Theme
Teme
488
.Weak
Weyke
520
Third
Thryd
492
Wealth
Welthe
521
Thirty
Thretty
492 Wean, to
Wene
522
550
ORTHOGRAPHIC INDEX.
Modern word.
Wear, to
Weary
Weasand
Weasel
Weather, to
Week
Weep, to
Whelk
Wether
When
Whisper, to
Whole
Wholesome
Whore
Wick
Wimple
Wing
Winnow, to
Wish, to
Wolf
Promptorium word.
Modern w
Weryn
Wery
522
522
Woo, to
Wool
Wesaunnt
529
Wonder, to
Weesylle
523
Wonderful
Wederyn
519
Wont
Woke
532
Wont, to be
Wepyn
522
Work
Wylke
528
Worm
Wedyr
513
Worse
Whann
523
Worst
Wisperyn
530
Worth
Hool
242
Worth, to be
Holsum
244
Hore
246
Yard
Weyke
520
Yawning
Wympyl
528
Yean, to
Wenge
522
Yesterday
Wynwyn
530
Yew tree
Wuschyn
530
Yolk
Wulfe
535
Young
Promptorium word.
Wowyn
Wulle
Wunderon
Wundyrfulle
Wunt
Be wone
Werk
Wyrme
Werce
Werst
Wurthe
Be wrathe
Yerd
Ganynge
Enyn
Ystyrday
V-tree
3elke
5unge
533
534
534
534
534
34
522
530
522
523
535
35
537
185
140
539
507
537
519
INDEX
OF THE PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.
N.B. — Such Notes as only exemplify the use of words may be found by referring to
those words in the Dictionary, with the aid, when necessary, of the preceding Index.4
Abacus, see Counter or Counting-board, 98
Abele, 17
Alfyn (chess piece), 18
Algorism, 18.
Alure (of a castle), 10
Amice (vestment), 11
Andiron, 19
Appulmoce(in cookery), 13
Architecture, military and domestic: —
alure, 10; bastille, 26; bretache, 50;
ceiling, 65 ; eaves, 144 ; fomerel (chim-
ney) 169; framing (timber-work), 176;
garret (guerite), 187 ; ground (founda-
tion), 215 ; gurgoyl, 186; haunse (lintel),
230 ; hearth stock, 237 ; jetty (project-
ing work), 192; levecel (of a window),
300; louver, 315; parclose (screen),
382 ; parvise, 385 ; parget (for walls),
283, 467; soler, 464; to-fall (penthouse) ,
495 ; travas or traverse (screen), 499 ;
tresawnce, 502; vane or fane, 149 ; vice
(spiral stair), 509 b
Armour and Arms : — baselard, 25 ; gisarme,
195 ; gun, 218 ; habergeon, 220 ; lawnce-
gay, 290; kettle-hat, 273; palet, 378;
pennon, 392. c
Askyfise (fire-blower), Ivii. 15, 560
Attyrcoppe (spider), 16
Avener (of the stable), 18
Baleys (rod), 22, 450.
Banker (covering of a seat), 23
Banner, see guidon, 197
Bar (of a girdle), 23
a It has been suggested that it would be convenient if the words illustrative of certain
special subjects were grouped together under general heads. For Architecture, Armour,
Cookery, Dress, the Fauna and Flora with which the author seems to have been con-
versant, and some other subjects, this Index supplies means of reference, not only to the
notes, but also to most of the kindred words occurring in the Promptorium under
each class respectively, but to which only brief allusion, if any, will be found in the Notes.
Of the words last mentioned the lists will be found at the foot of the page.
b See also clokerre (belfry), 82; coppe (finial, &c.), 91; cornel, 93; dormant tree
(beam), 127; draw-bridge, 131 ; forcelet (strong place), 170; grate or trellice, 207, 501;
grece (step), 209; hatch, 231; oilet, 363; overslay (lintel), 374; pane, 381; pikewall
(gable), 397 ; portcullis, 410; postern, ibid.; roof-tree, 435, 439; shingles (for roofing),
446 ; spar (of a roof), 467 ; spargetting or pargetting, ibid.', shore (under-pinning), 448;
tower of wood, 498 ; turret, 497 ; vault, 512; weathercock, 520; wicket (little window),'
527 ; windbeam (of a roof), 529.
c See also arbalest, 9; bright sword, 52; broad arrow, 53; dagger, 111 ; dart, 114 ;
escutcheon, 449; falchion, 152; hauberk, 230; helm, 235; leg harness, 293; mail of
an habergeon, 320; plate of armour, 403; pole axe, 407 ; pomel, 408; quarrel, 419
quiver, 421 ; scabbard, 443; shaft of a spear, ibid. ; sparth, 467; spear, 4C8; staff sling,
471 ; stone bow, 477 ; tacle or weapon, 485 ; target, 487 ; two-hand sword, 495 ; trebgot,
501; truncheon, 504; vyrolfe (ferrule) of a knife, 510; warbrace or bracer, 516; warder,
ibid.
CAMD. 8OC. 4 B
552
INDEX OF THE
Barbican, 23
Barnacle (bird, or shell-fish), 32
Baselard (weapon), 25
Bastille, 26
Beacon, 161
Beaker, 35
Bearward, 37
Beasts : — beaver, 34 ; bugle (buffalo), 55 ;
ratche, 422.a
Beaver, 34
Benett (order in the church), 31
Beryl. 32
Bever (drinking), 34
Bice (color), 35
Birds : — barnacle, 32 ; gant, 1 86 ; grype
(vulture), 212; pheasant, 158; reyn fowl
(woodpecker), 428 b
Blanket, 38
Blawndrelle (apple), 58
Bonschawe (ailment), 44
Books: — Caton, 63; Donet, 126C
Bragett (drink) 46
Brake (fern), 47
Brasil wood, (for dyers), 47
Bread: — paynmayne, 378 ; simnel, 77, 456 d
Breeches, 48
Bretache (of a castle) 50
Brewing, s.v, gyle or new ale, 193
Brooch, 52
Browesse (in cookery), 53
Browett (in cookery), 54
Brygyrdyll (dress), 51, 387
Buffalo or bugle, 55
Buffet stool, 41
Bug (spectre), 55
Burwhe (halo), 56
Cadas (tow, &c.), 57
Cade (of herrings, &c.), 57
Calthrop (herb), 58, 162
Caltrap (spiked iron), 59
Calvur (of salmon), 59
Camping (ball play), 60, 269
Canopy, 60
Carfax, 188
Carver (at table), 272
Cato (manual of ethics), 63
Caudle (drink), 64
Caul (head-dress), 270
Causeway, 64
Ceiling, 65
Chalon (bed -covering), 68
a See also camel, 59, 69; doe, 124; dormouse, 127; dromedary, 133; elephant, 138,
363 ; fawn, 175 ; fox, ibid. ; foumart, 182 ; grey (badger), 209 ; greyhound, ibid. ; griffin,
212; heifer, 234; kenet (hound), 271; leopard, 291; lion, 306 ; marmoset, 327 ; pan-
ther, 381 ; polecat, 407; porcupine, 394, 409; pricket, 413; rabbit, 421; ratun, 424;
roe, 435 ; squirrel, 450; spaniel, 467; stot (horse), 477; tortoise, 497; unicorn, 511 ;
urchone (hedgehog), 512 ; weasil, 523 ; wether, 519 ; wolf, 534.
b See also botowre, 45 ; buzzard, ibid. ; cadaw, 57 ; chaffinch, 68 ; colmose, 88 ; coo
or keo (chough), 84, 272, 280; coote, 95 ; crow, 105 ; cuckqp, 281 ; curlew, 111 ; doppar,
127, 129; dotterel, 128; dove, ibid. ; duck, 125; dydoppar, 121; ende (duck), 139;
falcon, 152; fieldfare, 154; finch, 161; gerfalcon, 190; goldfinch, 202; goshawk, 204;
hobby hawk, 242 ; jay, 256; kingfisher, 275; keo (chough), 272, 280; laneret, 287;
lapwing, 288; lark, ibid. ; mallard, 323, 330 ; martlet, 327 ; mavice, 330 ; merlyon, 334;
mew, 346; muskytte, 349 ; night crow, 356; nightingale, ibid.; nuthatch, 359 ; ostrich,
372; owl, 250; partridge, 395; peahen, 390; pelican, 391; pigeon, 396; plover,
405; popler or shoveler, 448; popinjay, 409; pullet, 416; puttock, 418; pye, 395;
quail, 418; raven, 424; redbreast, 426 ; ruddock (redbreast), 438; seamew, 346, 452;
sheldrake, 445 ; shoveler, 448; snipe or snyte, 460; sparhawk, 468 ; sparrow, 467 ; star-
ling, 472; stork, 477; sugge, 483; swallow, 481; swan, ibid.; teal, 487; tercel, 489;
throstle, 493; titmouse, 494; turtle dove, 507 ; wagstart, 513; wild goose, 528; wood-
cock, 531 ; wood dove, ibid.; woodhack, ibid.; wodewale, 428, 531; wren, 533 ; wype
(lapwing), 530.
c See also antiphoner, 12; bible, 35 ; faceet, 145, 562 ; grayle, 207 ; hymnal, 259, 503 ;
journal, 268; legend, 293; manual, 325; missal or mass-book, 334; primer, 413;
porthose, 410; processional, 414; psalter, 442 ; troper or ympner, 503.
d See also bread twice bakyn, 48 ; byscute, 58 ; cracknel, 100 ; schyvere of bread,
447 ; wastel, 517.
PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.
553
Chandler, 71
Chanting, 71
Chape (of a scabbard), 69
Chare (vehicle), 69
Charlet (cookery), 70
Chasuble, 73
Chequers (sign of an inn), 66
Chess (game of) : alfyn, 18 ; matyn, 329 ;
pawn, 41 1
Cheverel (leather), 73
Christmas gifts, 362
Chysel (gravel), 73
Chynchone (herb), 77
Cope, 62, 97
Citron, 78
Cittern (musical instrument), 196
Claret wine, 79
Clergy (erudition), 81, 301
Clock (orlage), 370
Coat armour, 95
Cockney, 86, 281
Cocur (ploughman's boot), 85
Cocurmete, 561
Coffin (basket, or pie crust), 86
Coif, 106
Coin: — cu, 106, 222, Luschburue, 317,
61, 86; mite, 340 a
Collar (of livery), 87, 309
Colysshe (in cookery), 88
Compline, 109
Coneygare (warren), 90
Cookery and Food : — appulmoce, 13 ; brow-
esse, 53; browett, 54; calvur (offish), 59;
caudle, 64 ; charlet, 70 ; coffin (pie crust),
86 ; colysshe, 88 ; dowce egyr, 128 ;
flawn, 164; frawnchemul, 177; froyse,
180; gawncely, 189; gleyre (of eggs),
198; haggis, 220; hasteler (roaster of
meat), 229 ; jusselle, 268 ; jowtys, 265 ;
leche, 292; link (sausage), 306; noon-
meat or nunchion, 360 ; porre, 409 ; rere
supper, 430 ; reward (dessert?), 431.b
Coppe (pinnacle or ridge), 91
Corf, 561
Corn-muse (bag-pipe), 93, 247
Corporas (for a chalice) , 93
Corrody, 308
Coste (drug), 94
Coster (wall-hanging), 95
Costrel (pilgrim's bottle), 95
Counters (for calculation), 98
Cowl (coop or tub), 97
Cowl-staff, 97
Crapaudine (precious stone), 101
Cresset, 102
Crosier, 103
Crowd (musical instrument), 105
(wheel-barrow), 25, 105
Cu (half farthing), 106, 222
Cucking-stool, 107, 281
Cumnawnte (agreement), 108, 173
Cupboard, 109
Cupping, s.v. Bledynge boyste, 38
Curfew, 110
Daggyde or jagged (garments) ,111,255
Dais, 119
Dalmatic, 112
Dawbing (of walls), 114
Deye (dairy woman), ] 16
Dice play, 112
Dirge, 121
Diseases : — felon (sore), 154 ; mormal, 343;
pose (cold in the head) 410 c
a See also groat, 214 ; halfpenny, 224.
b See also batter, 27; broiled meat, 53; brothe, ibid. ; browesse, ibid. ; browett, 54;
cheesecake, 73; collop, 88; eycake (of eggs), 266 ; fritter, 179 ; gruel, 211, 215 ; isyl-
cake, 266 ; leek pottage, 295 ; meresauce, 334 ; myse (crumbs of bread), 339 ; pancake,
380; paste of dough, 385; pasty, ibid.; pickle, 397; pie, 395; posset, 410; pudding,
416; salad, 440 ; sauce, 441 ; sausage, ibid. ; sew, 454; soleyne (mess of meat), 463;
sour milk, 485 ; steak, 473 : syrup, 465 ; tart, 487 ; verjuice, 508 ; vert sauce, 509 ;
vinager, 510 ; white meat, 525.
c See also ague, 8; aposthume, 411 ; cawepys (strangury), 71 ; chekenynge (suffoca-
tion), 72; crick (cramp), 103, 448; emerawntys, 139; fever, 163; gout, 206; headache,
523; hoose (cough), 248; jaundice, 258 ; leprosy, 297, 339; measles, 328; megrim,
337; morphew, 343; mowle (sore), 346; palsy, 380; pearl in the eye, 394; phthisic,
494; pock, 407; podagre, 406, 411; purcy, 416; purples, 417; quartan fever, 419;
quinsey, 484 ; redgownd, 426 ; ringworm, 434 ; scalle, 442; schote (crick), 448; stitch
in the side, 475; stone, 476; sty "in the eye, 475; walmyng (qualm), 514; werkyng
(headache), 523 ; whitlow, 525.
554
INDEX OF THE
Dole (land-mark), 126
Donet (grammar), 126
Dorlott (head-dress), 127
Dorser (of aseat), 125, 127
Doublet, 124
Dough-scraper or dowrybbe, 129
Dowce egyr (in cookery), 129
Dowcet (in cookery), 128
Dragons (herb), 129
Drawke (herb), 130
Dress, tissues, &c. ;— bar (of a girdle), 23 ;
blanket (cloth), breeches, 48; brygyrdyll,
51,387; caul, 270; cocur (boot), 85;
coif, 61, 86; collar of livery, 87, 309;
dagged or jagged garments, 111, 255;
dorlott (head-dress), 127 ; doublet, 124 ;
dudde, 134; falding, 147 ; felt, 154; fente
or vent, 156; fillet (head-dress), 160;
frock (monk's garment), 179; galoche,
184; gore, 203 ; hatyr (ragged garment),
229; hose, 248; huke, 238; hure (head-
covering), 249, 252; jagged garments,
111, 255; jupon, 265; kerchief, 272 ;
kirtle, 277; label, 283; livery, 308;
nouch, or ouch, 359; orfrey, 368 ; pal-
tock, 380; petticoat, 395; pilch, 397;
purfle, 416; pynsone (sock), 400, 462;
rylle, or rail, 434; shoes with long peaks,
396; sock, 462; vampe (of hose), 508;
warde corce, 516.*
Drift (of a forest), 132
Drugs, see Spices, infra
Dudde (dress), 134
Dwale (herb), 134
Dwerowe (dwarf), 134
Eaves, 144
Ecclesiastical ornaments and appliances, tee
Vestments, infra
Edgrow (after-math), 135
Elder (tree), 137
Elf (goblin), 138
Erne (uncle), 139
Enameling (art of), 260
Eranye (spider), 140
Erbare (herb-garden), 140
Ewer, 143
Fables (of men and animals, Libysticce), 467
Faytowre (quack or conjurer), 146, 495
Falchion, 152
Falding (dress), 147
Falling sickness, 148, 312
Fanon (for a priest), 149
Farthing, halt, or cu, 106, 222
Fast gonge (Lent), 151
Felon (sore), 154
Felt, 154
Feltryke (herb), 154
Fenestral (window blind), 155
Fennel, 155
Fente (vent, in dress), 156
Feretory (bier), 157
(shrine), 157
Fillet (head-dress), 160
Fish:— calvur (of salmon) 59; flathe, 164;
garfish, 186; mermaid or nykyr, 356;
mulwell, 348."
Flakette (bottle), 163
Flathe (fish), 164
a See also apron, 351; cendal, 452; cors (of a girdle), 94, 451 ; corset, 92; cuff
(mitten), 106 ; eyelet, 363 ; fingerling (of a glove), 161 ; frieze, 179; fringe, 178 ; fustian,
183; garter, 188; golyon, 202; gore, 203; gown, 206; gylle (apron), 194; hat, 229;
huke, 239; lap (skirt), 287; mantle, 333; patten, 385; ponyet (of a sleeve), 408;
riband, 432; robe, 435; satin, 441; say, 440; scut, 451; shirt, 447 ; short or stukkyd
garment, 448, 481 ; slop, 460; smock, 461 ; spangle, 467; stamyn (cloth), 472 ; straple
(of breeches), 478 ; straw hat, 229; tippet, 494 ; tyrf (of a hood or sleeve), 494 ; train,
499 ; veil, 508 ; velvet, ibid.; vice for a hood, 510 ; volypere, 512 ; wayne of a garment,
513; weed, 519; wimple, 528.
b See also brunswyne, 54 ; but, 56; carp, 62; chelynge, 72 ; cockle, 86; codling, 85;
conger, 109; crevice, 102, cuttle, 96; dolphin, 126; eel, 137; green ling, 210; gudgeon,
202; gurnet, 219; haddock, 220; hake, 222; herring, 237; hornkeke, 247; hound fish,
250; husk, 254; lamprey, 290; ling, 296; loach, 310; luce, 316; mackarel, 321; megyr,
331; miller's thumb, 337; minnow, 333; mullet, 342; mussel, 348; nusse, 360; oyster,
360; pickerel, 397; pike, 396; porpoise, 417; prawn, 411; ray, 427; razor fish, 424;
roach, 435; rowhe (ray), 438; ruff, ibid.; salmon, 441; salt fish, 441; sand eel, 441;
scate, 443; seal, 65, 452; shrimp, 449; smelt, 460; sole, 463; spirit ng (s. v. broche), 52;
stickling, 475; sturgeon, 481; tench, 488; thornback, 492; trout, 503; turbot, 506;
whale, 418,523; whelk, 528.
PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.
555
Flawn (in cookery), 164
Fleet (channel, water- course), 166
Fleyke (hurdle), 165
Furze (gorse), 162, 204
Fylowre (barbers' implement), 160
Fyschelle (basket), 163
Fomerel (chimney), 169
For the nonce, 173
Forcer (casket), 170
Forel (of a book, 171
Foyne (fur), 168
Frame (of timbered buildings^, 176
Frank (for fatting animals), 177
Fraunchemul (in cookery), 177
Frayle (of fruit), 175
Frock (monk's dress), 179
Frontal (of an altar), 181
Froyse (in cookery), 180
Fruits : — blawndrelle, 38 ; citron, 78 *
Foumart (animal), 182
Funk (of fire), 182
Furniture and household appliances : —
andiron, 19; banker, 23; beaker, 35;
buffet stool, 41; canopy, 60; coster, 95;
costrel,ifctd.; cowl (tub), 97 ; cowl staff,
ibid.; cresset, 102; dais, 119; dorser,
125, 127; dough rib, or scraper, 129;
ewer, 143; flakett, 163; forcer (casket),
170; frank (for fatting animals), 177;
garnish (of dishes), 187; hand-barrow,
225; hutch, 254; Jordan (pot), 267;
leep (basket), 296 ; maser, 328 ; pricket
(candlestick), 413; rib (for dressing
flax), 432 ; slickstone, 458, 472 ; snuffers,
461 ; strayle (bed clothes), 479 b
Fute (scent in the chase), 183
Gale (shrub), 189
Galingale (spice), 185.
Galoche, 184
Games: — alfyn (chess-piece), 18; camping
(ball play), 60, 269 ; dice play, 112, 120;
interlude, 262 ; matyn, 329 ; myry tottyr,
338, 518; totyr, 498 c
Gant (bird), 186
Garfish, 186
Garnish (dishes on a buffet), 187
Garret (guerite, watch-tower), 187
Gawncely (sauce), 189
Gewgaw (pipe), 218
Geeste (romance, gesto), 191
Get (fashion), 191
a See also almond, 10 ; apple, 99 ; barbary, 23 ; bullace, 42 ; cherry, 72 ; chesnut, 73;
costard, 94 ; crab apple, 99; damson, 112; date, 114; fig, 159; filbert, 160; haw, 230;
Jordan almond, 257; mulberry, 348; olive, 364; peach, 388, 395; pear, 394; pear
apple, ibid.; pine nut, 400; pomegranate, 408; powmpere, 411 ; querdlynge (apple), 420;
quince, 420; sycomore, 455; sloe, 459 ; swetynge (apple), 483; walnut, 514; warden,
(pear), 516.
b See also cruskyn, 106; cuppe, 109; cupboard, ibid.; cushion, 111; dial, 120; almery,
10; dotelle (stopper), 127; dresser, 131; doubler (dish), 124, 134; donge (mattras), 127;
fall (mouse-trap), 147, 347; fat or vat, 151; faucet, 152; felt or quilt, 154; fire fork, 161;
fire stone (to strike fire), ibid.; fly flap, 167; form (long stool), 172; frying pan, 179 ;
gylle (little pot), 194; grater (for bread, &c.), 207 ; hanging, 226; high bench, 232; juste
(pot), 268; kymlyne (tub), 274; lantern, 287 ; lamp, 290; lewte (cup), 302; maund
(basket), 331 ; meat settle (cupboard), 335 ; mirror, 339; mortar, 344; mouse fall (trap),
147,347; mustard pot, 349; napkin, 351 ; oil pot, 364; oven, 372 ; pail, 377 ; pepper
quern, 393; posnet, 410; pot spoon, 411 ; punder (for weighing), 416; purpoynt (bed
covering), 416; quern, 420; sarce, 441; saucer, ibid.; shaping knife, 444; shave or
shaving knife, ibid.; scales, 449; sconse, 450; screen, 450; scummer, ibid. ; side bench,
455; snuffers, 461; soo (tub), 462; soo tree or cowl tree, 466; spere (screen), 468;
strainer, 479; temze (sieve), 488 ; tester, 489 ; tongs, 496; towel, 498 ; tunner (funnel),
ibid., 506; trencher, 501; trencher knife, ibid.; trestle, 503; trough, 503; trussing
coffer, 504; tinder, 506 ; tun, ibid.; wardrobe, 516; washing beetle or battledoor, 517.
c See also bace pleye, 20; ball play, 22; buck hid, 404; chase of tennis, 68; daly
(dice), 112; hazard, 228; laykyn (toy), 285, 404; mating at chess, 329 ; moppe (doll),
342; popyn (doll), 409; prylle (top), 413; quintain, 421; quoit, 86; shuttlecock, 447 ;
somyr game, 464; spylkok (top), 413, 469; running, 430; repone of a ball, 430; tabler
(for the game at tables), 435; tennis, 488; ternyn, 489; top, 496; tripet, 503; whirlgig
(top), 413, 525.
556
INDEX OF THE
Gibbeciere, 195
Gile (wort for ale), 193
Gimmals (hinges), 194
Gin (machine), 195
Gisarm, 195
Gittern (musical instrument), 196
Gladwyn (herb), 197
Gleyre (of an egg), 198
Golfe(rick), 202
Gonge (privy), 203
Goose-grass, 204
Gore (of dress), 203
Gossamer, 205
Gossip (sponsor), 204
Gote (water-course), 205
Grains of Paradise (spice), 209
Grange, 208
Grayle, 207
Grece (stairs), 209
Greek fire, 219, 527
Griffin, 212
Grocer, 213
Gromwell (herb), 213
Ground (foundation), 215
Grout (for brewing), 217
Gruel, 215
Gryce, (gris, fur), 211
Grype (vulture), 212
(trench), 213, 216
Guidon (banner), 197
Gun, and gunner, 218, 219
Gurgoyl, 186
Habergeon, 220
Haggis, 220
Hair (fashion of coloring), 294
Hale (tent), 222
Halow (sailor's cry), 223
Hamper, 226
Hand-barrow, 225
Hansell (earnest), 236
Harbour (lodging-place), 226
Harlot (buffoon), 227
Hasp (of yarn), 238
(of a door), 238
Hassock (tuft of grass), 228
Hasteler (roaster of meat), 229
Hatch, 231
Hatyr (ragged cloaths), 229
Haunse (lintel), 230
Hay net (for rabbits), 221
Hayyr (hair-cloth), 221
Hearse, 236
Hearth stock, 237
Henchman, 233
Herbs :— brake, 47; calthrop, 58, 162;
dragaunce, 129; drawke, 130; dwale,
134; feltryke, 154 ; fennel, 155; gale,
189; gladwyn, 197; goose-grass, 204;
gromwell, 213 ; hove (ground ivy), 250 ;
mandrake, 324 ; matfelon, 329, 442 ;
mugwort, 347 ; titymalle, 495 a
a See also agrimony, 136; alexanders, 10; alkenet,i&id.; ambrose, 11; arage, 13; bald-
mony (gentian), 190; betony, 34 ; bitter sweet, 37 ; borage, 44; broom, 53; brownwort,
34; bur, 56; byllerne, 36; bynde (woodbine), 36; calamint, 58; calkestoke, ibid.;
camomile, 59; camoroche or goose grass, 204; carraway, 62; carlcck, 62; celidony, 65;
chervil, 73; chesebolle, ibid.; chickweed, 74; chylle, 75; chynchone (groundswell), 77;
chives, 78, 457; cibol, 74; clote, 83; cockle, 86; columbine, 88; comfrey, 97; cowslip,
99; cress, 102; crowfoot, 105; culrage, 108; daisy, 112; darnel, 119; deaf nettle, 116;
dittany, 123; dock, 125 ; endemete (duck weed), 140; endive, 140; faytowrys grass, 146;
feverfew, 152; flax, 164; fumitory, 160; garlick, 187; gentian, 190; germander, ibid.;
gillyflower, 194; golds, 202; gourd, 203; hayryf, 221, 319; hastybere, 228; hart's
tongue, 238 ; heath, 238 ; hellebore, 138; hemlock, 253 ; henbane, 235 ; hollyhock, 243;
holrysche (bulrush), 244; honeysuckle, 245; horehound, 247; horse mint, 248 ; house-
leek, 251, 371; hyssop, 266; lavender, 290; leek, 295; lettuce, 300; lily, 305; liver-
wort, 309; lovage, 314; madder, 319; mallow, 324; marjoram, ibid.; martagon, 344;
mayde weed or maythys, 319; mercury, 333; milfoil, 337 ; mint, 338 ; morel, 343 ; moss,
344; motherwort or mugwort, 341; mouse ear, 347 ; mustard, 349 ; nepe (wild gourd),
353; nep, ibid.; nettle, 354; oculus Christi, 361; onion, 365; orpine, 371; patience,
376; parsley, 393; pellitory, 391, 394; periwinkle, 395; pimpernel, 399; piony, 395,
401 ; plantain, 403 ; polypody, 408 ; poppy, 409; porret, 409 ; primrose, 413 ; purslane,
417; pylyol, 399; ramsons, 422; rape, 423; rastylbow, 424; reed, 426; ribwort, 433;
rice, ibid.; rue, 438; rush, 435; sage, 441 ; St. John's wort, 140; sanguinary, 441 ;
PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.
557
Herre (hinge), 237
Hey ward (cattle-keeper), 234
Hiccup, or yexing, 539
Hilling (covering), 240
Hobgoblin, hob-thrush, &c., Ixv. 491
Holly, 244
Holm (water-side pasture, &c.), 243
Holt (wood), 244
Hoppe (linseed), 246
Hops, 245
Hornpipe, 247
Horse-litter, 247
Hose, 248
Hove (ground ivy), 250
Household appliances, see Furniture, supra
Howe (head-covering), 249
Howselyn (to give the eucharist), 250
Huckster, 252
Huke (garment), 232
Kurds (tow), 241
Hure (head-covering), 249
Husband (thrifty man), 254
Huske (fish), 254
Hustylment (furniture), 255
Hutch, 255
Insects, &c.: — attyrcoppe, 16; malt-bowde,
323 a
Interlude, 262
Jack (armour"), 256
Jagged (garments), 255
Jape, or gawde (joke), 189, 257
Javel (base fellow), 257
Jesses, 258
Jet, 191
Jetty (of a building), 191
Jewry, 267
John (name used in contempt), 264
Jordan (pot), 267
Jowtys (pottage), 265
Juggler, 263
Jupon, 265
Jusselle (in cookery), 268
Kenet (hound), 271
Kerchief, 272
Kettle-hat (helmet), 273
Kirtle (dress), 277
Kyx (hollow stalk as of hemlock), 277
Label (in costume), 283
Lanere (thong or points), 286
Latonere (interpreter or dragoman), 28
Latten (metal), 289
Lawncegay (weapon), 290
Leash (for a hound), 291
Leche (in cookery), 292
Lectern, 299
Leech (physician), 291
Leep (basket), 296
Leman (concubine), 295
Leper, 297, 328
Levecel (of a window, &c.), 300
Ling (heather), 238, 305
Link (sausage), 306
Livery, 308
Lyveresone (corrody in an abbey) 309
Lollard, 311
Louver (in a roof), 315
Lurdeyne (churl or sot), 317
Luschburue (counterfeit coin), 317
Lye (for washing the hair), 294
Malte bowde (weevil), 323
Mandrake, 324
Manual (service book), 325
Margery (pearl), 326
savory, ibid.', scabious, 442; sedge, 64, 451 ; sengrene, 251, 453; senvyne (mustard),
349, 453 ; setwall, 454; skirret, 449,458 ; sokelynge, 463 ; sorrel, 465; sour dock, 466;
sow thistle, 467 ; southern wood, 467 ; spearwort, 469; spurge, 470; squill, 471; stan-
march, 10, 472; stare (sedge), ibid.; tansy, 486; thyme, 494; trefoil, 502; tunhoof,
506; vervein, 509; vetch, 153; violet, ibid.; woad, 513, 520, 532; walwort, 514;
walhwe sweet or bitter sweet, 515 ; warlock, 349, 517 ; watercress, 518; water lily, ibid. ;
weybread, 520; wild mallow, 528; woodbine, 531; woodruff, ibid.; wormwood, 530 ;
wyse (strawberry), 531 ; yarrow, 536.
a See also aranye, eranye, &c. 14, 140, 469; arwygyll or erwygyll (earwig), 15, 143;
bowde (malt worm), 46, 323 ; budde, fly, 54 ; cricket, 103 ; gnat, 278 ; grasshopper, 210 ;
hand lyme (worm), 225; hound fly, 250; leech, 291; locchester or lokdore, 311,316,
563; loburyone (snail), 310; lumbryke, 316; scarbot (fly), 442; spinner (spider), 469 ;
warbote, 516 ; wort worm, 532.
558
INDEX OF THE
Martyrology, 327
Mawment (idol, &c.), 330
Maser, 328
Matfelon (herb), 329
Meny (family, company), 332
Mere (boundary), 333
Mermaid, or nykyr, 356
Mestlyon (mixed grain), 130,334
Mite (coin), 340
Mormal (disease), 343
Mugwort (herb;, 347
Mulwell (fish) , 348
Musical Instruments :— cittern or gittern,
196; gewgaw, 218; hornpipe, 247; na-
corne, 350 ; organ, 369 ; recorder, 425 a
Must (drink), 349
Muster (of soldiers), 349
Mychekyne (bread), 336
Myry tottyr (child's play), 338, 498, 518
Nacorne (military music), 350
Nickname, 352
Nouch, 359
Numbles (of a deer, &c.), 360
Noon-meat, or nunchion, 360
Nykyr (mermaid), 356
Obly (wafer for the mass), 360
Orange, 371
Orfrey, 368
Organ, 369
Orloge, 370
Ouch, 359
Owmbrer (of a helmet), 375
Paddok (toad), 376
Pageant, 377
Palet (helmet), 378
Paltock (garment), 380
Pane (in architecture), 381
Pantler (officer of the pantry), 381
Parclose (screen), 382
Pardoner (vendor of indulgences), 383
Parget (plaister for walls), 383
Parowre (of a vestment, parura), 384
Parvise, 385
Patten, 385
Pavise, 386
Pawtenere (pouch), 387
Pax-board, 388
Paynmayne (in cookery), 378
Pearl, see Margery, 326
Pectoral (worn by a bishop), 389
Peddar Way (in East Anglia), 389
Pellet (shot for a gun), 391
Penon, 392
Percher (candle), 393
Perdycle (precious stone), 394
Petticoat, 395
Pheasant, 158
Pilch (garment), 357
Play, playthings for children, see Games,
supra.
Plash (pool), 403
Pointel (for writing), 406
Points (for tying dress), see Lanere, 286
Polwygle (tadpole), 408
Popler (bird), 409
Porre (peas pottage), 409
Pose (cold in the head), 410
Precious stones, &c. :— beryl, 32 ; cre-
pawnde, 191 ; margery (pearl), 326 "
Pryket (candlestick), 413
Purfle(of dress), 4 16
Pynsone (sock), 400, 462
Quire (of parchment or paper), 418
Ratche (hound), 422
Ratchets (wild geese), Ixiv.
Recorder (musical instrument), 425
Reyn fowl (woodpecker), 428
Rere supper (evening meal), 430
Reward (in cookery), 43 1
Rib (for beating flax), 432
Rylle or rail (dress), 434
Sabrace (for dressing leather?), 440,563
Shingle (for a roof), 75
Shoe (long peaked or cracow), 396
Simnel (bread), 456
a See also clarion, 80 ; cormuse, 93; crowde, 105; cymbal, 456; dancing pipe, 114 ;
fiddle, 159; flute, 168; gyterne, 196; harp, 228; lay harp, 284; lute, 318; pipe. 401 ;
psaltery, 442; rybybe, 433; schalm, 443; shepherd's pipe, 445; tabor, 485; timbrel,
494 ; treble song, 501 ; trump, 503; trumpet, 504
b See also adamant, 6 ; alabaster, 8 ; amber, 19 ; coral, 92 ; crystal, 103 ; diamond, 120;
jasper, 257; loadstone or magnet, 325 ; marble, ibid. ; white marble, ibid.; perdycle, 394 :
perre (pearl), 394; sapphire, 440 ; shipmen's stone (loadstone), 447.
PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE NOTES.
559
Slickstone (for smoothing linen), 458, 472
Sneezing, 354
Snuffers, 461
Socks (for the feet), 462
Soler (of a house), 464
Speyr (in dress), 468
Spices and drugs : — Brasil wood, 47 ; coste,
94 ; grains of Paradise, 209 a
Star shot, or star jelly (tremella), Ixv. 474
Starch, 472
Staunchegreyne (for parchment), 472
Strawberry, 478
Strayle (bed-covering), 478
Syyd (as long garments, &c.), 77, 455
Thee and thou (use of), 492, 535, 538
Thethorne (tree), 490
Thurse (goblin), 491
To-falle (pent-house), 495
Totehylle (look out), 497
Totyr (child's play), 498
Travas, or traverse (screen), 499
Treacle (medicine), 500
Trebuchet, 501
Tree:— abele, 17 ; elder, 137 b
Tresawnce (in architecture), 502
Tuly (color), 505
Turf (peat, &c.), 506
Tytymalle (herb), 495
Vampe (of hose), 508
Vernage (wine), 509
Vestments and church appliances : — amice,
11; chasuble, 73; cope, 62, 97; cor-
poras, 93; crosier, 103 ; dalmatic, 112 ;
fanon, 149 ; feretory (bier), 157 ; fere-
tory (shrine), ibid. ; frock (monk's gar-
ment), 179 ; lectern, 299 ; obly, 360,
508 ; orfrey, 368 ; parclose (screen), 382;
parowre, 384 ; parvise, 385 c
Vice (spiral stair), 509
Vyrne (windlass?), 510
Warbrace (for the arm), 516
Warde corce (garment), 516
Wheel spore (rut), 524
Wild fire, or Greek fire, 527
Wine : — claret, 79 ; vernage, 509 (1
Wodewose (wild man), 531
Wrek (water plant), 533
Wyfle (weapon), whiffler, &c. 526
Yarrow (herb), divination by, 536
a See also alum, 10; anise, 11 ; assenel, poison, 15; canel, 60 ; cinnamon, 78; cloves,
84 ; confection of spices, 90 ; copperas, 91 ; cubebs, 421; cumin, 89 ; fennel seed, 156;
galingale, 185; gillofyr (clove), 194; ginger, 195 ; grains, 209 ; gum, 218 ; licorice, 303 ;
mace, 319 ; mastic, 329; mustard, 349 ; nutmeg, 359 ; quybybe (cubebs), 421; saffron,
440; scaramony, 442 ; sugar, 484 ; sugar-plate and sugar candy, ibid.; spikenard, 469 ;
turbith, 506; wine balls, 529 ; wine dregs (tartar), ibid.
b See also alder, 369 ; ash, 143 ; asp, ibid. ; beech, 27 ; benwyt, 31 ; black thorn, 38 ;
birch, 36; box, 46 ; cedar, 451 ; chesnut, 73 ; citron, 78 ; cork, 93 ; crab, 99 ; cypress,
78, 456 ; eban, 135 ; elm, 138 ; fir, 161 ; hawthorn, 230; hazle, 238 ; hulwur, 253 ; hyldyr
or elder, 137 ; juniper, 266 ; laurel, 291, 313 ; lyynde, 305 ; maple, 325 ; oak, 363 ; old
oak, ibid. ; olive, 364 ; oryelle, 369 ; plane, 402 ; plum, 406 ; poplar, 408, 409 ; pynote,
400; gwyce (furze) 421; sallow, 441 ; savine, ibid.; sycomore, 455; sloe, 459 ; the-
thorne, 490; yew, 507; warden (pear), 516 ; white thorn, 525, 526; willow, 528 ; wych
elm, 526.
c See also alb, 17 ; bishop's shoe, 447; censer, 452; holy water sprinkler or strenkyl,
223,479; mitre, 341; paten, 385 ; rochet, 435; rood, cross or rood loft, 435; sacring
bell, 440 ; scapulary, 442 ; strenkyl, 479 ; sudary, 462 ; thurible, 497. See Service Books,
&c., under Books, supra,
d See also Fine wine, 161, 529 ; Rumneye, 439 ; Tyre wine, 494 ; wines (various), 529.
CAMD. SOU.
4 o
ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.
Page 5, b. line 26, for A-cethen, read A-cethe. The word is written in the Harl. MS.
a-cethe, but the final contraction must be regarded as an error of the transcript. In
the Winch. MS. it is written " a-cethe." Compare Fulfyllyh, or make a-cethe in
thynge J>at wantythe, p. 182 ; and Make a-cethe, p. 321.
Page 7, a, line 23, after Affynyte the word A-foyste, lirida, occurs here, as stated in the
note ; it was thought to be possibly misplaced. Compare Fyyst, lirida, p. 163, a.
In the Winchester MS. however, but not in the other MSS., is, found, after Affynyte.
Affyste, lirida, vesiculacio, secundum adamantem.
Page 7, b. line 19, for usqui read usque.
Page 8, note 4, in the quotation from the metrical paraphrase of Vegecius, Cott. MS.
Titus A. xxin. the word "remue" should apparently be read " reume' :" in the ori-
ginal, " rheuma." Compare the curious version attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18.
A. XII. where the word is thus rendered : " This ebbing and flowing that is callede
rewme of the see." B. iv. c. 42. See also Lansd. MS. 285, f. 136, b. In the French
version attributed by Caxton to Christine de Pise the word is translated " rheume."
Akyr, Eagre, Higre, or Agar, is a name to be traced probably to that of the great
Ocean-god of the Northern Mythology, Oegir or ^Egir ; the drowned were the prey of
Ran, his consort. In Lyly's Galathea is the following allusion to the Akyr: " He
[Neptune] sendeth a monster called the Agar, against whose coming the waters roare,
the fowles flie away, and the cattle of the field, for terror, shun the banks." Finn
Magnussen derives ^Egir from the verb segia, to flow.
Page 11, b. line 2, dele K.
Page 15, note 3. It should be observed that the printed volume cited in this note, and
elsewhere, as Mr. Wilbraham's Latin-English Dictionary, has been ascertained to be
Pynson's edition of the Ortus, described in the Preface, p. Ivii. The variations in
the rendering of Ciniflo, in MSS. of the Medulla Grammatice, are given in the Pre-
face, p. xxii. See also the note, ibid. In a Nominale xv. cent, in the possession of
Mr. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A., and edited by Mr. Thomas Wright, in his Volume of
Vocabularies, cap. 4, p. 212, " Nomina dignitatum laicorum," occurs, amongst
servants, " Hie cimiflo (sic) a nask-kyste," namely, as Mr. Wright explains it, " the
askfyse, the servant who made and blew the fire." Hexham gives, in his " Nether-
dutch" and English Dictionary, 1648, " Assche-vijster, one that sits alwayes on the
hearth, hanging his head over the ashes."
Page 29, note 4, after ryndell insert Ortus.
ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 561
Page 37, a. line 24, for nemor read nenior. Compare Lullyn, p. 317.
line 26, for sepicio read sopicio.
Page 41, a. line 10. In Winch. MS. Blowyn as man with wonde. Both honde and
wonde are doubtless for onde. Compare Oonde, or brethe, p. 364. This ve
does not occur in MS. K.
Page 46, a. line 13. Compare Budde, fly, p. 54, and Maltebowde or wevyl, p. 323.
Warbote, p. 516, may be another compound of the word boud, bode, &c. See Mr.
Adams' remarks on names of certain insects, Trans. Philol. Soc. 1858, p. 102.
Page 61, b. line 7. At the end of a MS. of the Medulla Grammatice in the editor's
possession, (described Pref. App. p. 1.) is twice written "Dedule, dedule, care
awey, care awey."
Page 65, b. line 11 ; Celf wylly, Winch. MS.
Page 66, b. line 19, for pentys read serpentys. This correction is supplied by
the reading of MS. S. which was not known to the Editor when this page was printed.
The sense being thus ascertained, it is obvious that the curious passage cited in the
note is wholly foreign to the purpose.
Page 69, b. line 11, for Charyawnt the Winchester MS. gives Chargabyl.
Page 73, a. line 8; the reading of the MS. — tetyn — seems questionable. Compare
Fretyii or chervyn,p. 179. The Winchester MS. however, agrees with the Harl. MS.
and gives Cherwyn', or tetyn'.
Page 85, a. line 6. Cocurmete, MS. S. Compare Cookerynge mete, Carificio, p. 86,
occurring amongst the nouns. Mr. Halliwell gives" Cokyrmete, clay, Pr. Parv.; cor-
responding to the Spanish tdpia." Archaic Diet. " Tdpia, a mud wall." Per-
cevale's Span. Diet.
Page 89, note 2, See Forby, v. " Malt-cumbs," malt-dust ; the little sprouts, . . . sepa-
rated by the screen."
Page 93, b. line 17, Corphynn, S. Jamieson cites Aberdeen Reg. 1543, " ane thousand
corf keyling," corft fish being as he says boiled in salt and water. In the House-
hold Book of James V. King of Scots, 1 529, occur " mulones corf ; mulones recentes,' '
&c. On the Eastern coast a floating basket for keeping fish, is called a Corf ; pos-
sibly " Corphun" may denote herrings either salted in a corf, or packed for convey-
ance in a basket so called.
Page 96, a. line 13. In Winch. MS. Cowerde, herteles, longe thoke. Compare Thoke,
p. 491. Ray, Sir T. Browne, and Forby give " Thokish, slothful, sluggish." In Lin-
colnshire " Thoky."
Page 97, transpose notes 4 and 5.
Page 109, a. line 17, for zeue read jeue.
Page 116, b. line 9, for Aristotelis read Aristoteles.
Page 117, a. line 11, after androchiatorium insert K. Compare Vacherye, or dayrye,
p. 507.
Page 122, b. line 2; the reading of the MS. is " arbitrer," but the word ought doubt-
less to have been written arbiter, according to the Catholicon.
562 ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.
Page 122, b. line 17. Holomochus, the reading of the Harl. MS., is doubtless corrupt,
as has been noticed in the Preface, p. xxxiv. note c. Aristotle repeatedly uses the
word lBafto*.oXos , a low jester. Thus likewise I find in the Ortus " Bomolochus, i.
scurra (a brawler); Bomolochia, i. scurrilitas."
Page 125, note 3. The conjecture that the reading of the Harl. MS. (DoroiV) is corrupt,
and suggesting " dogon " as a correction, has been confirmed by collation of MS. A,
with which the editor had not been acquainted. The reading there found is " Doion',
Dogena;" of this Latin word the signification has been sought in vain. Dugon
(Jamieson), dudgeon, dungeon (N. country), dogone, A. N., seem to have been
terms of contempt. See Wright's Diet, of Obsolete and Provincial Words. " Dungy,
cowardly," Wilts. M. de Haan Hettema, in his list of Archaic words compared
with Frisian and Dutch, gives " Dogone, a term of contempt. F. dogeniet, D.
deugniet, nequam." Trans. Philol. Soc. 1858, p. 153.
" though I am plain and dudgeon,
I would not be an ass and to sell parcels." — Beaum. and Fletcher ; Captain.
" Think'st thou my spirit shall keep the pack-horse way,
That every dudgeon low invention goes ?" — Drayton.
Nares cites many authorities, from which it would seem that " Dudgeon M was a
mottled or hard wood for hafting daggers, to which allusion is made by Shakespeare.
It was likewise used for drinking bowls, or masers. Compare Ronnyn as dojoun or
masere, p. 436 b. supra. Amongst gifts to St. Alban's Abbey we find " ciphum de
dugun ornatum argento cum cooperculo de eodem ligno." Cott. MS. Nero D. vn.
f. 103.
Page 126, b. line 20, fulle wroste ; and page 129, b. lines 6, 8, Dowsty, and Dostyr.
It has been suggested that in these words the s should have been printed f. Pro-
bably the author wrote " wrout, dowty, dowtyr;" a copyer may have supplied the
guttural by an f, which was possibly mistaken for an s. It deserves notice that gh
is not unfrequently, especially in the Eastern counties, pronounced like f, as in cough,
laugh, trough, &c. and thus also in the name Rougham in Suffolk.
Page 140, a. line 5 ; Endemete, i. e. duckweed. See Arund. MS. 42, f. 80 v°. "Folium
is an erbe that groweth in Ynde and hath leuys that spredyn a-bouyn on the water
in that londe, ry3t as lenticula, endemete, doth among vs." Compare Alphabetum
herbarum, ib. f. 95 v°. " Lentica aquatica, lentil de ewe, enedemete." In Sloane
MS. 5, " Henede mete."
Page 143, note 2. In MS. S. " Ese, fyschys mete for a hooke." Compare Medulla
Gramm. MS. Cant. " Inesco, i. pascere vel per escam decipere, to bayte or ease."
Page 145, b. line 3. Faceet is the title of a popular moral work in Leonine verse
supplementary to Cato, or the Liber Cathonis. See p. 63. Fabricius states that
it is cited by Ugutio, who wrote about 1190. Warton affirms that it was written
by Daniel Ecclesienis, or Church, an officer at the court of Henry II. about 1180.
It was called " Cato parvus " or " minor," and Urbanus ; it was translated into English
by Benet Burghe, and also possibly by Lydgate. Dibdin, Typ. Ant. vol. i. p. 201.
ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 563
It was printed frequently, among the Auctores octo Morales, and separately at Lyons,
in 1488 and 1490 ; Deventer, 1496 ; Cologne, &c- Dom Rivet attributes it to John de
Garlandia, but erroneously. MSS. of the Poema Faceti or Parvus Cato are nu-
merous ; see Harl. MS. 2251 ; No. 1627 amongst Sir Kenelm Digby's MSS. in the
Bodleian ; MS. Caius Coll. Cantabr. 1051 ; MS. Trin. Coll. Dub. 275, &c.
Page 310, b. line 7 ; compare Lokdore, p. 311, and Lukchester, p. 316. Mr. Wright,
in a memoir on the History of the English Language read at a meeting of the
Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (see their Transactions, vol. ix. p. 155),
observes that in the vernacular of Oxfordshire a woodlouse is called a lockchester,
or lockchest.
Page 341, a. line 1, for mancus, read mantus, thus explained in the Catholicon : " man-
tus, quia manus tegat tantum, est enim brevis amictus," &c.
Page 440, note 1. In a Nominate, MS. xv. cent., in possession of Mr. Joseph Mayer,
printed in the volume of Vocabularies edited by Mr. T. Wright, I find, under the
head "De speciebus liguminis, — Hoc pomarium, appul-juse ; hoc jurcellum, jur-
sylle; hoc sarabracium, sarabrase," &c. p. 241. It has been suggested that the
term sabrace may have some connection with " Sabrierium, condimentum acuti
saporis," in French saupiquet. Ducange.
Page 489, note 2, at the feast on the marriage of Margaret sister of Edward IV. 1468, a
roast swan was brought to table, " standing in a tarrage." Exc. Hist, p 237.
" Terrage, terrasse ;" Gloss. Gall, in Du Cange, edit. Henschel, t. vn. See also
" Terragium," t. vi., explained as signifying a terrace or raised ground; thus also
certain vessels of plate are described "a deux terrages d'argent ez pattes esmaillez de
vert."
Page 474, note 4, add " A sterne slyrne, Assub," Cath. Angl.
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